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  • How to configure autofs5 timeout on per-filesystem basis?

    - by Norman Ramsey
    Because of a show-stopping bug in Debian autofs 4, I just upgraded to autofs5. It is not honoring the timeout option in my auto.master file: /var/autofs/removable /etc/auto.removable --timeout=2 I use this map for thumb drives and so on; I don't want a general default timeout of 2 seconds. I did some digging and although the --timeout option worked in autofs 4, and it appears in some examples on the Web, it is not actually sanctioned (or even mentioned) in the documentation for the auto.master file. So I don't feel I can report the problem as a bug. How can I get autofs5 to timeout after 2 seconds only on designated filesystems? Update: I am using a Debian-packaged autofs5, version 5.0.4-3.2.

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  • Sftp via shell - how it is possible

    - by Tomasz Zielinski
    (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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  • iptables to block non-VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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  • Simple mdadm RAID 1 not activating spare

    - by Nick Liu
    I had created two 2TB HDD partitions (/dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1) in a RAID 1 array called /dev/md0 using mdadm on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin. The command sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 used to indicate both drives as active sync. Then, for testing, I failed /dev/sdb1, removed it, then added it again with the command sudo mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 watch cat /proc/mdstat showed a progress bar of the array rebuilding, but I wouldn't spend hours watching it, so I assumed that the software knew what it was doing. After the progress bar was no longer showing, cat /proc/mdstat displays: md0 : active raid1 sdb1[2](S) sdc1[1] 1953511288 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] And sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 shows: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun May 27 11:26:05 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1953511288 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511288 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon May 28 11:16:49 2012 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : Deltique:0 (local to host Deltique) UUID : 49733c26:dd5f67b5:13741fb7:c568bd04 Events : 32365 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 17 - spare /dev/sdb1 I've been told that mdadm automatically replaces removed drives with spares, but /dev/sdb1 isn't being moved into the expected position, RaidDevice 1. UPDATE (30 May 2012): A badblocks destructive read-write test of the entire /dev/sdb yielded no errors as expected; both HDDs are new. As of the latest edit, I assembled the array with this command: sudo mdadm --assemble --force --no-degraded /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 The output was: mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2) and 1 rebuilding. Rebuilding looks like it's progressing normally: md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[2] 1953511288 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] [>....................] recovery = 0.6% (13261504/1953511288) finish=2299.7min speed=14060K/sec unused devices: <none> I'm now waiting on this rebuild, but I'm expecting /dev/sdb1 to become a spare just like the five or six times that I've tried rebuilding before. UPDATE (31 May 2012): Yeah, it's still a spare. Ugh! UPDATE (01 June 2012): I'm trying Adrian Kelly's suggested command: sudo mdadm --assemble --update=resync /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 Waiting on the rebuild now... My questions are: Why isn't the spare drive becoming active sync? How can I make the spare drive become active?

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  • Issue with multiple bridging for KVM hosts

    - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur
    I'm using KVM and libvirt on my host (Debian lenny) + 2 bridges per guest (one for mgmt, one for public traffic). That setup isn't stable at all, sometimes I can do pings to a management ip, sometimes not. I don't know if my bridging paramateres are correct, could you check ? or if there is anything wrong ... Please also note that interface on guest doesn't flap and that I got not logs on my host. Of course forwarding is enabled. iface eth3 inet manual auto bond0 iface bond0 inet manual slaves eth1 eth2 pre-up ip link set bond0 up down ip link set bond0 down auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10.160.0.7 netmask 255.255.255.128 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br0:1 iface br0:1 inet static address 10.160.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br0:2 iface br0:2 inet static address 10.160.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 217.4.40.242 netmask 255.255.255.240 gateway 217.4.40.241 pre-up /etc/network/firewall start bridge_ports bond0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br1:1 iface br1:1 inet static address 217.4.40.252 netmask 255.255.255.240 auto br1:2 iface br1:2 inet static address 217.4.40.253 netmask 255.255.255.240

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  • Have Ubuntu auto-connect to wireless AP without logging in

    - by dragonmantank
    We have an ubuntu box set up to do some monitoring but due to the placement are unable to run CAT5 to the box itself. I have an Atheros PCI card that works great as long as someone is logged into Gnome and it doesn't disconnect from the AP during that time. Is there a way to have Ubuntu connect to the AP during boot, and always reconnect if it finds a signal from a specified AP? The box would have a static IP and only connecting to a specific AP using WEP.

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  • cloud computing ? Eucalyptus

    - by neolix
    Hi Greeting!! I want to setup small cloud computing using our old 2 core server system? we are new to cloud system we have google for the same. We are looking host VM's on top any one has done pls share me doc or how to ? we have 50 plus server which we are not using. 2 core each 4GB RAM, 1TB HDD centos is my base os we looking host windows. Right now we can use this server only paravirtualization ignore my english Thanks

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  • NIC bonding with two uplinks

    - by Karolis T.
    Is bonding the preferred way of implementing ISP redundancy? In the texts I've seen, bond device has a netmask, gateway of it's own. How can this be obtained if there are two different gateways from two uplinks, which one to choose? Do I need any special routing rules to go with it or does simply configuring separate interfaces (using Debian, /etc/network/interfaces), i.e eth1, eth2 for their corresponding uplinks and bonding them to bond0 handle routing automatically? If I want to NAT client machines, do they use bond device's IP as a gateway? Does the bond0 device is the device that goes into iptables nat rules? Thanks

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  • SSH Advanced Logging

    - by Radek Šimko
    I've installed OpenSUSE on my server and want to set ssh to log every command, which is send to system over it. I've found this in my sshd_config: # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH #LogLevel INFO I guess that both of those directives has to be uncommented, but I'd like to log every command, not only authorization (login/logout via SSH). I just want to know, if someone breaks into my system, what did he do.

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  • Why does ganglia think my host is down?

    - by NZKoz
    I have ganglia set up to monitor our staging server, it's working great but I'm confused by the definition of 'down' to ganglia. There's a single node, running gmetad, gmond and the web frontend, but some small percentage of the time the web frontend shows some confusing output. Despite the fact that it's a single server in the cluster, and that server is the one serving the web interface, the dashboard output insists that the host is down. Then below that it has a graph which shows 50% down, 50% up. You can see an example of this here: http://i.imgur.com/MCWaS.jpg There's obviously something confusing ganglia somewhere, but I'm not sure where to start looking. Unfortunately googling for any combination of 'ganglia' 'down' 'metric name' seems return nothing but other people's ganglia installations displaying the same nonsense. Any tips on where to start looking would be greatly appreciated

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  • Make GRUB automatically boot Ubuntu

    - by Matt Robertson
    I am running a dual-boot with Ubuntu (10.10) and Windows 7. Recently I edited my /boot/grub/grub.cfg file to only show one version of Ubuntu (as opposed to several kernel versions) and Windows, simply by commenting out all other menu entries. My question is if I can edit GRUB to just boot a specific entry automatically. I tried removing all other menu entries, but GRUB still showed the menu with only one entry. I've also considered just setting the timeout to either 0 or 1 second, as this would basically achieve the same thing. What is the best way to do this?

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  • One incorrect SSH login attempt locks me out for an hour...

    - by Legend
    I've never observed this problem neither did any of my colleagues trying to SSH into the same system. If I try logging into my server using a wrong username and then press ^C to terminate or exhaust my password attempts, I am locked out for at least an hour. Is there something I can do on my end to fix this problem?

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  • Ubuntu Desktop system restore ?

    - by neolix
    Hello Geeks, We are using all the desktop ubuntu 8.04 to 10.04, we are looking same thing like system resorting to back date like windows feature. Around 500 desktop and 79 server we want to setup. Thanks

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  • GNU Screen: Combining split-regions and full-screen sessions

    - by scrrr
    Let's say I have three sessions: 0, 1 and 2 I'm on session 0 and I press CTRL-A S to split the screen. Then I select session 1 for the bottom split region, while 0 is in the upper. Can I switch to session 2 and have it display in full-screen while 0 and 1 remain split? If I CTRL-A n to other sessions in a split screen it only changes the split-region. I want some sessions to be full-screen though. Is that possible?

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  • Can enabling a RAID controller's writeback cache harm overall performance?

    - by Nathan O'Sullivan
    I have an 8 drive RAID 10 setup connected to an Adaptec 5805Z, running Centos 5.5 and deadline scheduler. A basic dd read test shows 400mb/sec, and a basic dd write test shows about the same. When I run the two simultaneously, I see the read speed drop to ~5mb/sec while the write speed stays at more or less the same 400mb/sec. The output of iostat -x as you would expect, shows that very few read transactions are being executed while the disk is bombarded with writes. If i turn the controller's writeback cache off, I dont see a 50:50 split but I do see a marked improvement, somewhere around 100mb/s reads and 300mb/s writes. I've also found if I lower the nr_requests setting on the drive's queue (somewhere around 8 seems optimal) I can end up with 150mb/sec reads and 150mb/sec writes; ie. a reduction in total throughput but certainly more suitable for my workload. Is this a real phenomenon? Or is my synthetic test too simplistic? The reason this could happen seems clear enough, when the scheduler switches from reads to writes, it can run heaps of write requests because they all just land in the controllers cache but must be carried out at some point. I would guess the actual disk writes are occuring when the scheduler starts trying to perform reads again, resulting in very few read requests being executed. This seems a reasonable explanation, but it also seems like a massive drawback to using writeback cache on an system with non-trivial write loads. I've been searching for discussions around this all afternoon and found nothing. What am I missing?

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  • Load balancing with Cisco router

    - by you8301083
    I have a Cisco router with two bonded T1's which are setup as a VPN to the main office. We need more bandwidth but can't get other connections (or it's too costly), so I would like to have a dsl connection installed. This DSL connection will run over a VPN to the same main office, but it won't be bonded with the T1's - so it won't act as a single connection. Since the three circuits won't act as a single connection (basically would be two connections 2 T1's + 1 DSL) we would have to split the network in half - but I don't want to do that. Instead, would it be possible to send all HTTP/HTTPS over the DSL connection but send all mission critical data (such as voice/active directory) over the T1's? I basically want to send specific ports over DSL and everything else over the T1's without separating half of the users traffic over the DSL and the rest over the T1's.

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  • Sendmail doesn't work with iptables, even though smtp and dns are allowed

    - by tom
    I have sendmail installed on Ubuntu 10.04 solely for the use of the php mail() function. This works fine unless iptables is running (I've been using sendmail [email protected] to test this). I think that I have allowed SMTP and DNS (the script I am using to test iptables rules is below, in my version are the actual IPs of my hosts nameservers), but to no avail! iptables --flush iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Postgres iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j ACCEPT # Webmin iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT # Ping iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # sendmail iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # DNS iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j DROP # Add loopback iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT

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  • Simple NNTP client for Ubuntu

    - by Alexander Gladysh
    I need to download a particular NNTP group. I do not need to setup any crons, put group contents in /opt and other stuff. Just run <fetch-nntp> <server> <group-name> <output-dir> and be done with it without putting a lot of garbage in the system. If that <fetch-nntp> would not fetch the same messages on the second run — fine. But I can live without it. All NNTP clients that I've looked at are trying to be a NNTP server as well. Is there something simpler that is suitable for my needs?

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  • Simple one-way synchronisation of user password list between servers

    - by Renaud Bompuis
    Using a RedHat-derivative distro (CentOS), I'd like to keep the list of regular users (UID over 500), and group (and shadow files) pushed to a backup server. The sync is only one-way, from the main server to the backup server. I don't really want to have to deal with LDAP or NIS. All I need is a simple script that can be run nightly to keep the backup server updated. The main server can SSH into the backup system. Any suggestion? Edit: Thanks for the suggestions so far but I think I didn't make myself clear enough. I'm only looking at synchronising normal users whose UID is on or above 500. System/service users (with UID below 500) may be different on both system. So you can't just sync the whole files I'm afraid.

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  • How to fill in the network line in the ubuntu interfaces config file?

    - by matnagel
    I have to configure an ubuntu hardy server network interface. The service hoster told me that this is the network data for the machine: IP Range: 111.111.200.74 to 111.111.200.78 Netmask: 255.255.255.248 Broadcast: 111.111.200.79 Gateway: 111.111.200.73 Subnet: 111.111.200.72/29 I am only using the first IP address. I will update the /etc/hosts file with 111.111.200.74, but I am still unsure how the /etc/network/interfaces file should be. This is my plan: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 111.111.200.74 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 111.111.200.??? broadcast 111.111.200.79 gateway 111.111.200.73 As you can see I don't know how to build the network line. How would I calculate the data for the network line and what is the result? (I changed the first 2 octets of the subnet, they are not "111.111" in the real setup.)

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  • How to make VirtualBox headless answer on rdp port?

    - by stiv
    I'd like to run windows xp on RDP: $ VBoxManage modifyvm winxp32 --vrdeport 3389 $ VBoxHeadless -s winxp32 -v on Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.1.18_Debian (C) 2008-2012 Oracle Corporation All rights reserved. (waiting) in another window: $ telnet localhost 3389 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused Yes, I've read about extension: $ sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.1.20-80170.vbox-extpack 0%... Progress state: NS_ERROR_FAILURE VBoxManage: error: Failed to install "Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.1.20- 80170.vbox-extpack": Extension pack 'Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack' is already installed. In case of a reinstallation, please uninstall it first Looked through all manuals and all help requests. No success. What's wrong? Any ideas?

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  • freeradius maximum session time problem

    - by haw3d
    hello I'm using openvpn and free-radius for control user accounts. for maximum session time for an user, free-radius has sqlcounter.conf that control that, but after a connection has disconnected that is useful and cannot destroy a connection. for control account time dynamically i need another script that do that. but should anytime that a connection has established a trigger run. is anyway to fire a custom trigger or script when a connection has established? or any way to control session time dynamically?

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  • How hard for a Software Developer to Maintain a Server

    - by Samy
    I'm a software developer and don't have much experience as a sysadmin. I developed a web app and was considering buying a server and hosting the web app on it. Is this a huge undertaking for a web developer? What's the level of difficulty of maintaining a server and keeping up with the latest security patches and all that kind of fun stuff. I'm a single user, and not planning to sell the service to others. Can someone also recommend an OS for my case, and maybe some good learning resources that's concise and not too overwhelming.

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