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  • How to Enable IPtables TRACE Target on Debian Squeeze (6)

    - by bernie
    I am trying to use the TRACE target of IPtables but I can't seem to get any trace information logged. I want to use what is described here: Debugger for Iptables. From the iptables man for TRACE: This target marks packes so that the kernel will log every rule which match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. (The ipt_LOG or ip6t_LOG module is required for the logging.) The packets are logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chain- name:type:rulenum " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the built in chains. It can only be used in the raw table. I use the following rule: iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j TRACE but nothing is appended either in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/kern.log! Is there another step missing? Am I looking in the wrong place? edit Even though I can't find log entries, the TRACE target seems to be set up correctly since the packet counters get incremented: # iptables -L -v -t raw Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 193 packets, 63701 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 193 63701 TRACE tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 178 packets, 65277 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination edit 2 The rule iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j LOG does print packet information to /var/log/syslog... Why doesn't TRACE work?

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  • "pull" process/job into the background

    - by Mustafa Ismail Mustafa
    I know of terminating a command with & and then moving it into the background by pressing Ctrl-Z and then bg [pid], and I also know of nohup. But say you started a process that turned out to take much longer than one expected, is there a way of pulling, so to speak, this process from another terminal screen into the background so that even if I log off from the server the process would continue?

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  • Assign fixed IP address via DHCP by DNS lookup

    - by Janoszen
    Preface I'm building a virtualization environment with Ubuntu 14.04 and LXC. I don't want to write my own template since the upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 has shown that backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. Therefore I'm deploying my virtual machines via lxc-create, using the default Ubuntu template. The DNS for the servers is provided by Amazon Route 53, so no local DNS server is needed. I also use Puppet to configure my servers, so I want to keep the manual effort on the deployment minimal. Now, the default Ubuntu template assigns IP addresses via DHCP. Therefore, I need a local DHCP server to assign IP addresses to the nodes, so I can SSH into them and get Puppet running. Since Puppet requires a proper DNS setup, assigning temporary IP addresses is not an option, the client needs to get the right hostname and IP address from the start. Question What DHCP server do I use and how do I get it to assign the IP address based only on the host-name DHCP option by performing a DNS lookup on that very host name? What I've tried I tried to make it work using the ISC DHCP server, however, the manual clearly states: Please be aware that only the dhcp-client-identifier option and the hardware address can be used to match a host declaration, or the host-identifier option parameter for DHCPv6 servers. For example, it is not possible to match a host declaration to a host-name option. This is because the host-name option cannot be guaranteed to be unique for any given client, whereas both the hardware address and dhcp-client-identifier option are at least theoretically guaranteed to be unique to a given client. I also tried to create a class that matches the hostname like this: class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; fixed-address my-client-name.my-domain.com; } Unfortunately the fixed-address option is not allowed in class statements. I can replace it with a 1-size pool, which works as expected: subnet 10.103.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 { option routers 10.103.1.1; class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; } pool { allow members of "my-client-name"; range 10.103.1.2 10.103.1.2; } } However, this would require me to administer the IP addresses in two places (Amazon Route53 and the DHCP server), which I would prefer not to do. About security Since this is only used in the bootstrapping phase on an internal network and is then replaced by a static network configuration by Puppet, this shouldn't be an issue from a security standpoint. I am, however, aware that the virtual machine bootstraps with "ubuntu:ubuntu" credentials, which I intend to fix once this is running.

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  • How can I check whether a volume is mounted where it is supposed to be using Python?

    - by Ben Hymers
    I've got a backup script written in Python which creates the destination directory before copying the source directory to it. I've configured it to use /external-backup as the destination, which is where I mount an external hard drive. I just ran the script without the hard drive being turned on (or being mounted) and found that it was working as normal, albeit making a backup on the internal hard drive, which has nowhere near enough space to back itself up. My question is: how can I check whether the volume is mounted in the right place before writing to it? If I can detect that /external-backup isn't mounted, I can prevent writing to it. The bonus question is why was this allowed, when the OS knows that directory is supposed to live on another device, and what would happen to the data (on the internal hard drive) should I later mount that device (the external hard drive)? Clearly there can't be two copies on different devices at the same path! Thanks in advance!

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  • Why does writing a file to an NFS share send a COMMIT operation to the NFS server?

    - by Antonis Christofides
    I have a Debian squeeze (2.6.32-5-amd64) which is at the same time a NFS4 server and client (it mounts itself through NFS4). The local directory that leads directly to disk is /nfs4exports/mydir, whereas /nfs4mounts/mydir is the same thing mounted through NFS, using the machine's external IP address. Here is the line from fstab: 192.168.1.75:/mydir /nfs4mounts/mydir nfs4 soft 0 0 I have an application that writes many small files. If I write directly to /nfs4exports/mydir, it writes thousands of files per second; but if I write to /nfs4mounts/mydir, it writes 4 files per second or so. I can greatly increase speed if I add async to /etc/exports. (Writing a single large file to the NFS-mounted directory goes at more than 100 MB/s.) I examine the server statistics and I see that whenever a file is written, it is "committed" (this also happens with NFSv3): root@debianvboxtest:~# mount -t nfs4 192.168.1.75:/mydir /mnt root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 10 4% 1 0% 1 0% root@debianvboxtest:~# echo 'hello' >/mnt/test1056 root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 11 4% 2 0% 2 0% Now in the RFC, I read this: The COMMIT operation is similar in operation and semantics to the POSIX fsync(2) system call that synchronizes a file's state with the disk (file data and metadata is flushed to disk or stable storage). COMMIT performs the same operation for a client, flushing any unsynchronized data and metadata on the server to the server's disk or stable storage for the specified file. I don't understand why the client commits. I don't think that the "echo" shell built-in command runs fsync; if echo wrote to a local file and then the machine went down, the file might be lost. In contrast, the NFS client appears to be sending a COMMIT upon completion of the echo. Why? I am reluctant to use the async NFS server option, because it would apparently ignore COMMIT. I feel as if I had a local filesystem and I had to choose between syncing every file upon close and ignoring fsync altogether. What have I understood wrong?

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  • Running Mathimatica-5 remotely

    - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au
    Ok, I have Mathmatica 5 - a powerful CAS. I have a cheap netbook, wich not olny is too slow to run mathmatica on, I doubt it has the harddrive space. I do however have remote access to a number of very powerful computers, (most of wich run variose linuxes, but one of which is windows server 2008) Mostly over SSH but other protocols can be arraged for some, i'm sure. (I might even be able to remote desktop the windows server 2008) So I'ld like to install Mathmatica onto one of these machine and then run it remotely. Either from the command line via putty or via some other method. I glanced through the mathmatical documentaion and read soemthing about using some MathLink program, wich linkes the front end istalled on my computer to a remote kernal. Anyone have any expirience with this? I'm not sure if this belongs here or in SuperUser.

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  • My mail going on spam from SMTP server

    - by user1767434
    I am trying to send a registration confirmation mail from my site to user who are registering from my site. my code is:- $drg_name = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_name'])); $drg_surname = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_surname'])); $drg_email = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_email'])); $drg_username = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_username'])); $drg_pass = addslashes(base64_encode($_POST['drg_pass'])); $drg_addr1 = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_addr1'])); $drg_addr2 = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_addr2'])); $drg_addr3 = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_addr3'])); $drg_town = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_town'])); $drg_county = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_county'])); $drg_zip = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_zip'])); $drg_country = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_country'])); $drg_phone = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_phone'])); $drg_gender = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_gender'])); $drg_pstatus = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_pstatus'])); $drg_dod = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_dod'])); $drg_dom = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_dom'])); $drg_doy = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_doy'])); $drg_dob=$drg_dod.'/'.$drg_dom.'/'.$drg_doy; $drg_question = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_question'])); $drg_answer = addslashes(trim($_POST['drg_answer'])); //send confirmation email to user to activate his/her acc $encoded_usr_id=base64_encode($usr_id); $en_id=base64_encode($insert_id); $subject = "Confirmation From dragonsnet.biz" ; $message = "Thank you to register with dragonsnet.biz<br>\n In order to >activate your account please click here: http://My SITE URL/registration_success.php?envar=".$encoded_usr_id."&euid=".$en_id."' Activate\n Thank you for taking the time to register to the dragonsnet.biz Website. "; $this->_globalObj->send_email('support@ MY-Site', $drg_email, $subject, $message, 'Site Name'); $cnf=base64_encode("confirmation"); die($this->_globalObj->redirect("registration_confirmation.php?eml=$cnf")); } my mail is going in user mail ID but in Spam not in inbox. Please help Thanks In Advance.

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  • What happens to running processes when I lose a remote connection to a *nix box?

    - by David Marble
    I occasionally lose my remote SSH connection to my VPS. I use screen for long-running processes, but am wondering what happens to the processes I had running aside from those run within a screen session if I lose the connection to the box. When I re-establish a connection to the box, what happened to the bash and sshd processes that were running when I lost the connection? Today I lost connection repeatedly and noticed many more bash and sshd processes than usual. If there are processes hanging around, do I need to kill them? How could I determine which processes were abandoned from my previous session? Thanks for any replies!

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  • Fast (non-blocking) way to transfer many files to another server

    - by Nyxynyx
    I am currently attempting to transfer over 1 million files from one server to another. Using wget, it seems to be extremely slow, probably because it starts a new transfer after the previous one has been completed. Question: Is there a faster non-blocking (asynchronous) way to do the transfer? I do not have enough space on the first server to compress the files into tar.gz and transferring them over. Thanks!

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  • Trying to limit IMAP folders/mailboxes my iPhone/iPad sees

    - by QuantumMechanic
    (Note: I am using dovecot 1.0.10 on Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS. Yes, I know I need to upgrade before next year :) (Note: The SMTP/IMAP server in question only serves my family, so there's only a very few users. Certainly what I propose below, even it it works, would be a logistical nightmare with any significant number of users). I have noticed (and have confirmed via google) that the iOS mail app is terrible in its handling of IMAP subscriptions, namespaces, etc. For example, my iPhone and iPad will see EVERYTHING (all mailboxes, folders, etc.), whereas clients like Thunderbird, alpine, etc. only see what I tell them to see. This makes it an incredible pain to move mail between mailboxes because I have to scroll through a gazillion things. The mail_location in dovecot.conf is: mail_location = mbox:%h/Mail/:INBOX=/var/mail/%u To get around this, I've been considering doing the following for user foo: Create a dovecot userdb with a foo-ios virtual user in it, whose UID is identical to that of the real (in /etc/passwd) foo user and with a homedir of /home/foo-ios. ln -s /var/mail/foo /var/mail/foo-ios mkdir -p /home/foo-ios/Mail cd /home/foo-ios/Mail ln -s /home/foo/Mail/mailbox-i-want-visible mailbox-i-want-visible Make symlinks for the rest of limited set of mailboxes/folders I want visible to the iOS mail app. chown -R foo:foo /home/foo-ios Change iOS mail app settings to log in as user foo-ios instead of user foo. Will this work or will there be some index/file corruption hell because there will be two sets of indexes (one set living in /home/foo/Mail/.imap and other set living in /home/foo-ios/Mail/.imap) indexing the same underlying mbox files? And I'd be more than happy to hear of a better way to do this with dovecot! (Or to hear that dovecot 2.x works better with iOS devices).

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  • Should I split my website into different servers

    - by Nyxynyx
    I have a website where a user uploads photos, the photos gets resized and thumbnailed, and stored on the server. At the same time, there are some INSERTS into a MySQL table regarding the photo uploaded (like description, user id etc). The site currently runs off a managed VPS, and I love the support it provides. However it is expensive to store the many small photos and the resizing and thumbnailing processes do cause spikes on the app performance. (Amazon S3 is pretty expensive, especially considering the costs for uploading many small files) Question: Will it be a good idea to move the image processing operations and image storage to another server which is an unmanaged dedicated server with a much lower cost/gb and keep the current VPS for its 24/7 support and hosting the webapp? Or should I move the entire site to the dedicated server? VPS Specs 16 cores 2.4GHz (E5620) 1GB memory 60GB Storage 3.5TB transfer $43/mth Managed (24/7) Dedicated Specs i3 2130 2 cores 3.4+ GHz 16 GB DDR3 2 x 1TB SATA2 storage 15 TB transfer $79/mth Unmanaged (Weekdays support) Software used Apache PHP MySQL Solr PostgreSQL ImageMagick

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  • How to get ~/foo from /home/user1/foo?

    - by Claudius
    The Bash prompt supports the \w escape sequence, documented as \w the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PROMPT_DIRTRIM variable) Is there any way to get a similar abbreviation for an arbitrary string? That is, is there a general command that does something like the following, provided that HOME=/home/user1 /home/user1 ? ~ /home/user1/a/1 ? ~/a/1 /home/user2/b/2 ? ~user2/b/2 /root ? ~root Sure, I could try something ugly with sed, but that is unlikely to give me the result I want in any case. :-) The movitation behind this is that I would like to keep the titles in the tabs of my terminals as short as possible, hence abbreviate working directories where possible.

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  • Unix domain socket firewall

    - by lagab
    Hello, everyone. I've got a problem with my debian server. Probably there is some vulnerable script at my web-serser, which is running from www-data user. I also have samba with winbind installed, and samba is joined to windows domain. So, probably this vulnerable script allows hacker to bruteforce out domain controller through winbind unix domain socket. Actually I have lots of such lines at netstat -a output: unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 509027 /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe And our DC logs contain lots of recorded authentication attems from root or guest accounts. How can I restrict my apaches access to winbind? I had an idea to use some kind of firewall for IPC sockets. Is it possible?

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  • sSMTP Configuration Question

    - by SevenCentral
    I've installed sSMTP on Ubuntu 10.04 via: sudo apt-get install ssmtp My configuration file is: # # Config file for sSMTP sendmail # # The person who gets all mail for userids < 1000 # Make this empty to disable rewriting. [email protected] # The place where the mail goes. The actual machine name is required no # MX records are consulted. Commonly mailhosts are named mail.domain.com mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587 # Where will the mail seem to come from? #rewriteDomain= # The full hostname hostname=somedomain.com # Are users allowed to set their own From: address? # YES - Allow the user to specify their own From: address # NO - Use the system generated From: address #FromLineOverride=YES [email protected] authpass=**** usestarttls=yes Am I transmitting my credentials in clear text? Is calling ssmtp a secure operation? Thanks.

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  • How to close all background processes in unix?

    - by Gabi Purcaru
    I have something like: cd project && python manage.py runserver & cd utilities && ./coffee_auto_compiler.py And I want both of them to close on Ctrl-C (or some other command). How can I accomplish that? EDIT: I tried using jobs -x kill and kill `jobs -p `, but it doesn't seem to kill what I need. Here is what I mean: moon 8119 0.0 0.0 7556 3008 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 /bin/bash moon 8120 6.8 0.4 24568 18928 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 python manage.py runserver jobs -p give me just process 8119, but I also need to close 8120, since it's the thing that the first command opened. If it helps, the commands are actually in a Makefile, and I want it to run two daemons at the same time (and somehow close them at the same time). And yes, I'm using ubuntu, with bash

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  • Enrich a dataset of POIs with OpenStreetMap

    - by zero
    update: due to some hints of users - eg oliver Salzburg and slhck i have been aware of gis.stackexchange.com - so i moved the topic on my own: Plz can you or somebody who has the permission close the article - since we do not need this topic on two sites. Thx for your work. KEEP up the service here! STACK-sites rock. I have a list of POIs, some with a full description and some with only a few data entries, like the following: 6.9441000 50.9242000 [50677] (Ital) Casa di Biase [Köln] 6.9373600 50.9291800 [50674] (Ital) Al Setaccio [Köln] However, I need the full dataset. Can I get this somewhere? If I have all the position data, is it possible to find the rest? a. name of the street b. name of the town So for example, the data should finally look like this: 10.5346100 52.1613600 [38300] (Chin) Wanbao Kommissstr.9 [Wolfenbüttel] 13.2832500 52.4422600 [14167] (Ital) LaPergola Unter den Eichen 84d [Berlin] 13.3177700 52.5062900 [10625] (Chin) Good Friends Kantstr.30 [Berlin] Can I do this with OpenStreetMap? Should I parse OpenStreetMap data? Or OpenBabel?

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  • Setting background color in gvim

    - by petersohn
    I use a terminal with white text on black background (I just like it better), so I wrote the following line in my .vimrc file: set background=dark However, gvim has black on white text. How do I do either of the following: Set the background of gvim to black Check in .vimrc if I'm using gvim I tried this: I started up gvim, and typed echo &term. The answer was "builtin_gui". So I wrote the following into .vimrc: if &term == "builtin_gui" set background=light else set background=dark endif Somehow, it didn't work.

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  • Kernel Memory Leak in Ubuntu 9.10?

    - by kayahr
    After some days of work (Using suspend-to-ram during the night) I notice I loose more and more available memory. Even when I close all applications the situation doesn't improve. I even went down to the command line and closed ALL running processes except the init process and the bash I'm working in. I unmounted all these ram disks which Ubuntu is using, I even unloaded all modules which could be unloaded. But still "free" tells me that 1 GB of RAM is used (without buffers/cache). In "top" there is no visible process which occupies all this memory. The only way to free the memory is restarting the machine. How can I find out where I lose all this memory? Is there a known "suspect" who can cause a problem like this? I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 64 bit on a Dell Latitude E6500 (4 GB RAM) with the latest closed-source nvidia driver and Gnome with Compiz. The applications I use most of the time are firefox and eclipse. Any hints how I can find the problem? I'm not a kernel hacker so if the solution is patching the kernel or something like that then I might be out of the game...

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  • OpenLDAP ACLs are not working

    - by Dr I
    First things first, I'm currently working with an OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.36 on a Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger’s Cat). I've just install the openldap with yum and my configuration is the following one: ##### OpenLDAP Default configuration ##### # ##### OpenLDAP CORE CONFIGURATION ##### include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema pidfile /var/lib/ldap/slapd.pid loglevel trace ##### Default Schema ##### database mdb directory /var/lib/ldap/ maxsize 1073741824 suffix "dc=domain,dc=tld" rootdn "cn=root,dc=domain,dc=tld" rootpw {SSHA}SECRETP@SSWORD ##### Default ACL ##### access to attrs=userpassword by self write by group.exact="cn=administrators,ou=builtin,ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=tld" write by anonymous auth by * none I launch my OpenLDAP service using: /usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ldapi:/// ldap:/// -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf As you can see it's a pretty simple ACL which aim to allow access to the userPassword attribute to a specific group read only, then to the owner read and write to anonymous requiring auth and refuse the access to everyone else. The problem is: Even using a valid user with correct password my ldapsearch ends with zero informations retrieved from the directory, plus I've got a strange response on the result line. # search result search: 2 result: 32 No such object # numResponses: 1 here is the ldapsearch request: ldapsearch -H ldap.domain.tld -W -b dc=domain,dc=tld -s sub -D cn=user,ou=service,ou=employees,ou=users,dc=domain,dc=tld I did not specify any filter as I want to check that ldapsearch is correctly printing only allowed attribute.

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  • Script execution flow stopped?

    - by vijay.shad
    Hi all, Now my script is able to start server, But I am still have some problem with my script. When the start server command is executed, the control does not pass the line and does not execute further of that line. Please tell me what is the problem and how can I get smooth execution of the my script.

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  • Ubuntu 10.04 freezing and Ctrl + Alt + Backspace does nothing but music keeps playing

    - by Bryce Thomas
    I'm having intermittent problems where the screen will freeze in Ubuntu. I've tried using Ctrl + Alt + Backspace to restart the X-server, though this does nothing. When the freeze occurs, there's a small square of black dashes around the mouse pointer - maybe 1 inch in size. These dashes look a lot like a 2d barcode. The rest of the screen looks normal, but I can't move the mouse and none of the keyboard shortcuts work to do anything. However, music that I begin playing before the freeze continues to play, which seems to indicate it hasn't stalled up completely. I've noticed a similar freezing problem when I'm using Windows 7. That is, I see the same barcode like dashes around the mouse pointer when it freezes up. So I'm guessing it's either a driver or hardware problem. I thought if it was a hardware problem though, the whole computer might stop working (i.e. music would stop playing)? The video card I am using is an Nvidia, and I believe it's in the 7600 range. In Ubuntu I have the drivers for the card set to the latest available (proprietary). Ideally I'd like to be able to continue using the proprietary drivers. Is there any known issues with the drivers for this model graphics card, or has anyone experienced the same problem and knows how to fix it?

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  • Is it possible to either abort or interrupt and later continue a lvconvert -m1 operation?

    - by SLi
    I have run the command lvconvert -m1 rootvg/newroot /dev/sdb to convert a linear logical volume to a mirrored one. The operation has not yet finished; I interrupted the command with ctrl-c at around 10% mark, but the operation seems to be running in the background anyway. Is it possible to either 1) Abort the lvconvert operation and revert to the state before it? (This would be my preferred option) 2) To safely interrupt the operation and resume it later?

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  • How to run KDM or GDM over ssh

    - by Xolve
    I have a computer on LAN running ssh. I can normally tunnel the GUI application using ssh computer-name -X program-name But I wam my full desktop to be running on a remote computer using ssh so that I can just use that computer remotely like a local desktop. For this I think I will need to run KDM (or GDM ) remotely, what configuration do I need to do to make this happen?

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