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• Website. VoteUp or VoteDown Videos. How to restrict users voting multiple times?

  - by DJDonaL3000

  Im working on a website (html,css,javascript, ajax, php,mysql), and I want to restrict the number of times a particular user votes for a particular video. Its similar to the YouTube system where you can voteUp or voteDown a particular video. Each vote involves adding a row to the video.votes table, which logs the time, vote direction(up or down), the client IPaddress( using PHP: $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; ), and of course the ID of the video in question. Adding votes is as simple as; (pseudocode): Javascript:onClick( vote( a,b,c,d ) ), which passes variables to PHP insertion script via ajax, and finally we replace the voteing buttons with a "Thank You For Voting" message. THE PROBLEM: If you reload/refresh the page after voting, you can vote again, and again, and again, you get the point. MY QUESTION: How do you limit the amount of times a particular user votes for a particular video?? MY THOUGHTS: Do you use cookies, and add a new cookie with the id of the video. And check for a cookie before you insert a new vote.? OR Before you insert the vote, do you use the IPaddress and the videoID to see if this same user(IP) has voted for this same video(vidID) in the past 24hrs(mktime), and either allow or dissallow the voteInsertion based on this query? OR Do you just not care? Take the assumption that most users are sane, and have better things to do than refresh pages and vote repeatedly.?? Any suggestions or ideas welcome.

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• How to get notified about changes of the history via history.pushState?

  - by Felix Kling

  So now that HTML5 introduces history.pushState to change the browsers history, websites start using this in combination with Ajax instead of changing the fragment identifier of the URL. Sadly that means that those calls cannot be detect anymore by onhashchange. My question is: Is there a reliable way (hack? ;)) to detect when a website uses history.pushState? The specification does not state anything about events that are raised (at least I couldn't find anything). I tried to create a facade and replaced window.history with my own JavaScript object, but it didn't have any effect at all. Further explanation: I'm developing a Firefox add-on that needs to detect these changes and act accordingly. I know there was a similar question a few days ago that asked whether listening to some DOM events would be efficient but I would rather not rely on that because these events can be generated for a lot of different reasons. Update: Here is a jsfiddle (use Firefox 4 or Chrome 8) that shows that onpopstate is not triggered when pushState is called (or am I doing something wrong? Feel free to improve it!). Update 2: Another (side) problem is that window.location is not updated when using pushState (but I read about this already here on SO I think).

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• Algorithm to determine indices i..j of array A containing all the elements of another array B

  - by Skylark

  I came across this question on an interview questions thread. Here is the question: Given two integer arrays A [1..n] and B[1..m], find the smallest window in A that contains all elements of B. In other words, find a pair < i , j such that A[i..j] contains B[1..m]. If A doesn't contain all the elements of B, then i,j can be returned as -1. The integers in A need not be in the same order as they are in B. If there are more than one smallest window (different, but have the same size), then its enough to return one of them. Example: A[1,2,5,11,2,6,8,24,101,17,8] and B[5,2,11,8,17]. The algorithm should return i = 2 (index of 5 in A) and j = 9 (index of 17 in A). Now I can think of two variations. Let's suppose that B has duplicates. This variation doesn't consider the number of times each element occurs in B. It just checks for all the unique elements that occur in B and finds the smallest corresponding window in A that satisfies the above problem. For example, if A[1,2,4,5,7] and B[2,2,5], this variation doesn't bother about there being two 2's in B and just checks A for the unique integers in B namely 2 and 5 and hence returns i=1, j=3. This variation accounts for duplicates in B. If there are two 2's in B, then it expects to see at least two 2's in A as well. If not, it returns -1,-1. When you answer, please do let me know which variation you are answering. Pseudocode should do. Please mention space and time complexity if it is tricky to calculate it. Mention if your solution assumes array indices to start at 1 or 0 too. Thanks in advance.

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• Are Thread.stop and friends ever safe in Java?

  - by Stephen C

  The stop(), suspend(), and resume() in java.lang.Thread are deprecated because they are unsafe. The Sun recommended work around is to use Thread.interrupt(), but that approach doesn't work in all cases. For example, if you are call a library method that doesn't explicitly or implicitly check the interrupted flag, you have no choice but to wait for the call to finish. So, I'm wondering if it is possible to characterize situations where it is (provably) safe to call stop() on a Thread. For example, would it be safe to stop() a thread that did nothing but call find(...) or match(...) on a java.util.regex.Matcher? (If there are any Sun engineers reading this ... a definitive answer would be really appreciated.) EDIT: Answers that simply restate the mantra that you should not call stop() because it is deprecated, unsafe, whatever are missing the point of this question. I know that that it is genuinely unsafe in the majority of cases, and that if there is a viable alternative you should always use that instead. This question is about the subset cases where it is safe. Specifically, what is that subset?

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• Arrays not counting correctly

  - by Nick Gibson

  I know I was just asking a question earlier facepalm This is in Java coding by the way. Well after everyones VERY VERY helpful advice (thank you guys alot) I managed to get over half of the program running how I wanted. Everything is pointing in the arrays where I want them to go. Now I just need to access the arrays so that It prints the correct information randomly. This is the current code that im using: http://pastebin.org/301483 The specific code giving me problems is this: long aa; int abc; for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) { aa = Math.round(Math.random()*10); String str = Long.toString(aa); abc = Integer.parseInt(str); String[] userAnswer = new String[x]; if(abc > x) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Number is too high. \nNumber Generator will reset."); break; } userAnswer[i] = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Question "+quesNum+"\n"+questions[abc]+"\n\nA: "+a[abc]+"\nB: "+b[abc]+"\nC: "+c[abc]+"\nD: "+d[abc]); answer = userAnswer[i].compareTo(answers[i]); if(answer == 0) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Correct. \nThe Correct Answer is "+answers[abc]+""+i); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Wrong. \n The Correct Answer is "+answers[abc]+""+i); }//else

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• Log session and session changes of a asp.net web user

  - by Johan Wikström

  This is going to be a quite broad question, and any suggestions, examples, links are very welcome! I'm looking for a good way to log my users session, and actions on the site up to a certain point. The site in question is a site for doing bookings. The users start with doing a search, doing a few steps of data gathering and selections and end up with a booking. So what I need to implement is some kind of logging of the current session variables at each step the user takes. And perhaps some other valid information. Logging should preferably be done to the a database. At the end i would like to associate all these session with a booking reference. The goal is to later if something goes wrong with the booking or we need to investigate a situation have all information we need. I understand log4net is a popular choice for logging, and used it a bit myself for simple purposes, but can not find any good examples regarding my situation. This should be a common situation, i'm curious how others do it.

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• How can I filter then modify e-mails using IMAP?

  - by swolff1978

  I have asked this question in a different post here on SO: How can a read receipt be suppressed? I have been doing some research of my own to try and solve this problem and accessing the e-mail account via IMAP seems like it is going to be a good solution. I have successfully been able to access my own Inbox and mark messages as read with no issue. I have been asked to preform the same task on an Inbox that contains over 23,000 emails. I would like to run the test on a small amount of e-mails from that inbox before letting the whole 23,000 get it. Here is the code I have been running via telnet: . LOGIN [email protected] password . SELECT Inbox . STORE 1:* flags \Seen 'this line marks all the e-mails as read So my question is how can i execute that store command on a specific group of e-mails... say emails that are going to / coming from a specific account? Is there a way to like concatenate the commands? like a FETCH then the STORE? Or is there a better way to go about getting a collection of e-mails based on certain criteria and then modifying ONLY those e-mails that can be accomplished through IMAP?

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• Refresh page in browser without resubmitting form

  - by Michael

  I'm an ASP.NET developer, and I usually find myself leaving the webpage that I'm working on open in my browser (Chrome is my browser of choice, but this question is relevant for any browser). My workflow typically goes like this: I write code, I rebuild my project in Visual Studio, and then I flip back to my browser with Alt-Tab and hit F5 to refresh the page. This is fine and dandy if a form hasn't been submitted since the page was opened. But if I've been clicking around on ASP.NET form controls, the page has posted form data a number of times, so hitting F5 causes the browser to (sensibly) pop up a confirmation message, e.g., "Confirm Form Resubmission: The page that you're looking for used information that you entered...". Sometimes I do want to resubmit the form, but more often than not, I just want to start over with the page (rather than resubmit form data). The way I usually get around this is to simply add some query string data to the URL so that the browser sees it as a fresh page request, e.g.: page.aspx becomes page.aspx? (or vice-versa). My question is: Is there a better way to quickly request a fresh version of a webpage (and not submit form data) in any of the major browsers? It seems like a no-brainer to me for web development, but maybe I'm missing something. What I'd love to see is something like the last item in this list: F5: refresh page Ctrl-F5: refresh page (and force cache refresh) Alt-F5: request fresh copy of the page without resubmitting the form

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• Objective-C Definedness

  - by Dan Ray

  This is an agonizingly rookie question, but here I am learning a new language and framework, and I'm trying to answer the question "What is Truth?" as pertains to Obj-C. I'm trying to lazy-load images across the network. I have a data class called Event that has properties including: @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage image; @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage thumbnail; in my AppDelegate, I fetch up a bunch of data about my events (this is an app that shows local arts event listings), and pre-sets each event.image to my default "no-image.png". Then in the UITableViewController where I view these things, I do: if (thisEvent.image == NULL) { NSLog(@"Going for this item's image"); UIImage *tempImage = [UIImage imageWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL: [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"http://www.mysite.com/content_elements/%@_image_1.jpg", thisEvent.guid]]]]; thisEvent.image = tempImage; } We never get that NSLog call. Testing thisEvent.image for NULLness isn't the thing. I've tried == nil as well, but that also doesn't work.

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• Nested bind expressions

  - by user328543

  This is a followup question to my previous question. #include <functional> int foo(void) {return 2;} class bar { public: int operator() (void) {return 3;}; int something(int a) {return a;}; }; template <class C> auto func(C&& c) -> decltype(c()) { return c(); } template <class C> int doit(C&& c) { return c();} template <class C> void func_wrapper(C&& c) { func( std::bind(doit<C>, std::forward<C>(c)) ); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { // call with a function pointer func(foo); func_wrapper(foo); // error // call with a member function bar b; func(b); func_wrapper(b); // call with a bind expression func(std::bind(&bar::something, b, 42)); func_wrapper(std::bind(&bar::something, b, 42)); // error // call with a lambda expression func( [](void)->int {return 42;} ); func_wrapper( [](void)->int {return 42;} ); return 0; } I'm getting a compile errors deep in the C++ headers: functional:1137: error: invalid initialization of reference of type ‘int (&)()’ from expression of type ‘int (*)()’ functional:1137: error: conversion from ‘int’ to non-scalar type ‘std::_Bind(bar, int)’ requested func_wrapper(foo) is supposed to execute func(doit(foo)). In the real code it packages the function for a thread to execute. func would the function executed by the other thread, doit sits in between to check for unhandled exceptions and to clean up. But the additional bind in func_wrapper messes things up...

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• C++ arrays as parameters, EDIT: now includes variable scoping

  - by awshepard

  Alright, I'm guessing this is an easy question, so I'll take the knocks, but I'm not finding what I need on google or SO. I'd like to create an array in one place, and populate it inside a different function. I define a function: void someFunction(double results[]) { for (int i = 0; i<100; ++i) { for (int n = 0; n<16; ++n) //note this iteration limit { results[n] += i * n; } } } That's an approximation to what my code is doing, but regardless, shouldn't be running into any overflow or out of bounds issues or anything. I generate an array: double result[16]; for(int i = 0; i<16; i++) { result[i] = -1; } then I want to pass it to someFunction someFunction(result); When I set breakpoints and step through the code, upon entering someFunction, results is set to the same address as result, and the value there is -1.000000 as expected. However, when I start iterating through the loop, results[n] doesn't seem to resolve to *(results+n) or *(results+n*sizeof(double)), it just seems to resolve to *(results). What I end up with is that instead of populating my result array, I just get one value. What am I doing wrong? EDIT Oh fun, I have a typo: it wasn't void someFunction(double results[]). It was: void someFunction(double result[])... So perhaps this is turning into a scoping question. If my double result[16] array is defined in a main.cpp, and someFunction is defined in a Utils.h file that's included by the main.cpp, does the result variable in someFunction then wreak havoc on the result array in main?

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• Implimenting Zend MVC for my existing site-first step?

  - by Joel

  Hi guys, OK-newbie question here. I'll try not to bombard SO with lots of questions-and hopefully this first one will show me the method I'll need to follow for subsequent conversions. I have a web-based calendar system that I developed, but it was coded for me procedurally (using PHP). I'm now working on learning OO and wanting to integrate this site into my localhost Zend Framework and slowly start converting parts to OO and the Zend Framework MVC process in particular. As I've said before, I understand that this will be a slow process, and when I'm done, I still probably won't have anything as OO friendly as if I had rewritten it from scratch, but I'd like to use this as a learning experience. So, I have dropped the whole site into my localhose/zend/Public folder, and everything is showing up great and linking to the database, etc. My question is-what would be the easiest first component to switch over to the MVC model? This site has a bit of everything-forms, login, authentication, some jQuery, etc. Can anyone point to a tutorial that would address what I'm trying to do? If indeed, a form would be one of the simpler things to switch, can someone walk me through those changes? Another idea is changing over all the header info, etc? Thanks for any pointers on where to start! EDIT: Also, I understand that SO is mainly for specific coding questions-I'm happy to share specific code, once I have an idea about which section to tackle first...

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• Set DetailsView as selected row of GridView

  - by Nix

  I am afraid this is a brain fart question. But I have searched around and have not been able to find the answer. I am creating a GridView/DetailsView page. I have a grid that displays a bunch of rows, when a row is selected it uses a DetailsView to allow for Insert/Update. My question is what is the best way to link these? I do not want to reach out to the web service again, all the data i need is in the selected grid view row. I basically have 2 separate data sources that share the same "DataObjectTypeName", the first data source retrieves the data, and the other to do the CRUD. What is the best way to transfer the Selected Grid View row to the Details View? Am I going to have to manualy handle the Insert/Update events and call the data source myself? <asp:GridView ID="gvDetails" runat="server" DataKeyNames="ID, Code" DataSourceID="odsSearchData" > <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowA" HeaderText="A" SortExpression="RowA" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowB" HeaderText="B" SortExpression="RowB" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowC" HeaderText="C" SortExpression="RowC" /> ....Code... <asp:DetailsView ID="dvDetails" runat="server" DataKeyNames="ID, Code" DataSourceID="odsCRUD" GridLines="None" DefaultMode="Edit" AutoGenerateRows="false" Visible="false" Width="100%"> <Fields> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowA" HeaderText="A" SortExpression="RowA" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowB" HeaderText="B" SortExpression="RowB" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowC" HeaderText="C" SortExpression="RowC" /> ...

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• PHP: Opening/closing tags & performance?

  - by Tom

  Hi, This may be a silly question, but as someone relatively new to PHP, I'm wondering if there are any performance-related issues to frequently opening and closing PHP tags in HTML template code, and if so, what might be best practices in terms of working with php tags? My question is not about the importance/correctness of closing tags, or about which type of code is more readable than another, but rather about how the document gets parsed/executed and what impact it might have on performance. To illustrate, consider the following two extremes: Mixing PHP and HTML tags: <?php echo '<tr> <td>'.$variable1.'</td> <td>'.$variable2.'</td> <td>'.$variable3.'</td> <td>'.$variable4.'</td> <td>'.$variable5.'</td> </tr>' ?> // PHP tag opened once Separating PHP and HTML tags: <tr> <td><?php echo $variable1 ?></td> <td><?php echo $variable2 ?></td> <td><?php echo $variable3 ?></td> <td><?php echo $variable4 ?></td> <td><?php echo $variable5 ?></td> </tr> // PHP tag opened five times Would be interested in hearing some views on this, even if it's just to hear that it makes no difference. Thanks.

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• Trying to create a group of button sprites

  - by user1449653

  Good day, I have like 15 images I need to be buttons. I have buttons working with a Box() (Box - looks like this) class Box(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image = pygame.Surface((35, 30)) self.image = self.image.convert() self.image.fill((255, 0, 0)) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.centerx = 25 self.rect.centery = 505 self.dx = 10 self.dy = 10 I am trying to make the buttons work with image sprites. So I attempted to copy the class style of the box and do the same for my Icons.. code looks like this... class Icons(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image = pygame.image.load("images/airbrushIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.x = 25 self.rect.y = 550 the code in the main() rect = image.get_rect() rect.x = 25 rect.y = 550 ic1 = Icons((screen.get_rect().x, screen.get_rect().y)) screen.blit(ic1.image, ic1.rect) pygame.display.update() This code produces a positional (accepts 1 argument but 2 are there) error or an image is not referenced error (inside the Icon class). I'm unsure if this is the right way to go about this anyways.. I know for sure that I need to load all the images (as sprites)... store them in an array... and then have my mouse check if it is clicking one of the items in the array using a for loop. Thanks. EDIT QUESTION 2: class Icons(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def init(self, *args): pygame.sprite.Sprite.init(self, *args) self.image = pygame.image.load("images/airbrushIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() ic1 = self.image self.rect.x = 10 self.rect.y = 490 self.image = pygame.image.load("images/fillIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() ic2 = self.image self.rect.x = 10 self.rect.y = 540 Thanks to your help I got the Icons class loading ONE image. Its not loading both. Obviously because its being overwritten by the second one. It seems that "class" for this purpose isn't what I need. Which begs the question how I make sprites outside of a class.. If there is a way to make the class work please let me know.

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• Searching the head of CVS

  - by bobtheowl2

  I'm looking for a 'relatively' easy way to search through cvs to look for a particular string in the HEAD revisions. I realize the way CVS stores versions makes this difficult. But I'm trying to come up with some script to allow this search (performance is not expected here). Currently this command will output the contents of the head files cvs co -r HEAD -p stdout = file contents (to be grepped for the search string) stderr = the file name/header info (to be grepped for the line that signifies file name). Ideally, I want to grep the contents and display the header + a few lines before and after the searched item (the output of this likely directed to some file). I found a way to grep the stdout and stderr using different values. And the resulting stdout/stderr displayed is in the right order. But any attempt to redirect it to a file messes up the order? { { cvs co -r HEAD -p myModule 4>&- | grep 'myString' 2>&4 4>&- } 4>&2 2>&1 >&3 3>&- | grep 'Check' >&2 3>&- } 3>&1 Question 1. Is there an easier way to do this all together? Question 2. If not, how do I get the output of the code above to append to a file in the same order as displayed on the console?

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• Removing most inline styles and properties with PHP

  - by bakkelun

  This question is related to a similar case, namely http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2488950/removing-inline-styles-using-php The solution there does not remove i.e: <font face="Tahoma" size="4"> But let's say I have a mixed bag of inline styles and properties, like this: <ul style="padding: 5px; margin: 5px;"> <li style="padding: 2px;"><div style="border:2px solid green;">Some text</div></li> <li style="padding: 2px;"><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Some text</font></li> <li style="padding: 2px;"><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Some text</font></li> </ul> What regExp is needed to achieve this result? <ul> <li><div>Some text</div></li> <li><font>Some text</font></li> <li><font>Some text</font></li> </ul> Thanks for reading the question, any help is appreciated.

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• ORDERBY "human" alphabetical order using SQL string manipulation

  - by supertrue

  I have a table of posts with titles that are in "human" alphabetical order but not in computer alphabetical order. These are in two flavors, numerical and alphabetical: Numerical: Figure 1.9, Figure 1.10, Figure 1.11... Alphabetical: Figure 1A ... Figure 1Z ... Figure 1AA If I orderby title, the result is that 1.10-1.19 come between 1.1 and 1.2, and 1AA-1AZ come between 1A and 1B. But this is not what I want; I want "human" alphabetical order, in which 1.10 comes after 1.9 and 1AA comes after 1Z. I am wondering if there's still a way in SQL to get the order that I want using string manipulation (or something else I haven't thought of). I am not an expert in SQL, so I don't know if this is possible, but if there were a way to do conditional replacement, then it seems I could impose the order I want by doing this: delete the period (which can be done with replace, right?) if the remaining figure number is more than three characters, add a 0 (zero) after the first character. This would seem to give me the outcome I want: 1.9 would become 109, which comes before 110; 1Z would become 10Z, which comes before 1AA. But can it be done in SQL? If so, what would the syntax be? Note that I don't want to modify the data itself—just to output the results of the query in the order described. This is in the context of a Wordpress installation, but I think the question is more suitably an SQL question because various things (such as pagination) depend on the ordering happening at the MySQL query stage, rather than in PHP.

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• Creating UTF-8 files in Java from a runnable Jar

  - by RuntimeError

  I have a little Java project where I've set the properties of the class files to UTF-8 (I use a lot of foreign characters not found on the default CP1252). The goal is to create a text file (in Windows) containing a list of items. When running the class files from Eclipse itself (hitting Ctrl+F11) it creates the file flawlessly and opening it in another editor (I'm using Notepad++) I can see the characters as I wanted. +--------------------------------------------------+ ¦ Universidade2010 (18/18)¦ ¦ hidden: 0¦ +--------------------------------------------------¦ But, when I export the project (using Eclipse) as a runnable Jar and run it using 'javaw -jar project.jar' the new file created is a mess of question marks ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Universidade2010 (19/19)? ? hidden: 0? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? I've followed some tips on how to use UTF-8 (which seems to be broken by default on Java) to try to correct this so now I'm using Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8"); and writing the BOM header to the file like in this question already answered but still without luck when exporting to Jar Am I missing some property or command-line command so Java knows I want to create UTF-8 files by default ?

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• How do I efficiently parse a CSV file in Perl?

  - by Mike

  I'm working on a project that involves parsing a large csv formatted file in Perl and am looking to make things more efficient. My approach has been to split() the file by lines first, and then split() each line again by commas to get the fields. But this suboptimal since at least two passes on the data are required. (once to split by lines, then once again for each line). This is a very large file, so cutting processing in half would be a significant improvement to the entire application. My question is, what is the most time efficient means of parsing a large CSV file using only built in tools? note: Each line has a varying number of tokens, so we can't just ignore lines and split by commas only. Also we can assume fields will contain only alphanumeric ascii data (no special characters or other tricks). Also, i don't want to get into parallel processing, although it might work effectively. edit It can only involve built-in tools that ship with Perl 5.8. For bureaucratic reasons, I cannot use any third party modules (even if hosted on cpan) another edit Let's assume that our solution is only allowed to deal with the file data once it is entirely loaded into memory. yet another edit I just grasped how stupid this question is. Sorry for wasting your time. Voting to close.

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• HTML+CSS: 'a' width doesn't work

  - by Budda

  I have the following code: CSS part: <style type="text/css"> .menu { width:200px; } .menu ul { list-style-image:none; list-style-type:none; } .menu li { margin:2px; } .menu A { height:25px; width:170px; background:url(./images/button-51.png); padding:2px 5px ; } .menu A:link { height:25px; width:170px; background:url(./images/button-51.png); padding:2px 5px ; } </style> HTML part: Everything work fine, but when I add 'DOCTYPE' element in the beginning of the HTML document: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> the width of 'a' element is not taken into account. Question 1: Why? Question 2: How to fix that? Thanks a lot!

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• scala 2.8 CanBuildFrom

  - by oxbow_lakes

  Following on from another question I asked, I wanted to understand a bit more about the Scala method TraversableLike[A].map whose signature is as follows: def map[B, That](f: A => B)(implicit bf: CanBuildFrom[Repr, B, That]): That Notice a few things about this method: it takes a function turning each A in the traversable into a B it returns That and takes an implicit argument of type CanBuildFrom[Repr, B, That] I can call this as follows: > val s: Set[Int] = List("Paris", "London").map(_.length) s: Set[Int] Set(5,6) What I cannot quite grasp is how the fact that That is bound to B (i.e. it is some collection of B's) is being enforced by the compiler. The type parameters look to be independent in both the signature above and in the signature of the trait CanBuildFrom itself: trait CanBuildFrom[-From, -Elem, +To] How is the scala compiler ensuring that That cannot be forced into something which does not make sense? > val s: Set[String] = List("Paris", "London").map(_.length) //will not compile EDIT - this question of course boils down to: How does the compiler decide what implicit CanBuildFrom objects are in scope for the call?

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• Why C++ is (one of) the best language to learn at first [closed]

  - by AlexV

  C++ is one of the most used programming language in the world since like 25+ years. My first job as programmer was in C++ and I coded in C++ everyday for nearly 4 years. Now I do mostly PHP, but I will forever cherish this C++ background. C++ has helped me understand many "under the hood" features/behaviors/restrictions of many other (and different) programming languages like PHP and Delphi. I'm a full time programmer for 6+ years now and since I have a quite varied programming background I often get questions by "newbies" as where to start to become a "good" programmer. I think C++ is one of the best language to start with because it gives you a real usefull experience that will last and will teach you how things work under the hood. It's not the easier one to learn for a newbie, but in my opinion it's the one who will reward the most in long term. I would like to know your opinion on this matter to add to my arguments when I guide "newbies". After this introduction, here's my question : Why C++ is for you (one of) the best language to learn at first. Since it's subjective, I've marked this question as community wiki.

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• Is NFS capable of preserving order of operations?

  - by JustJeff

  I have a diskless host 'A', that has a directory NFS mounted on server 'B'. A process on A writes to two files F1 and F2 in that directory, and a process on B monitors these files for changes. Assume that B polls for changes faster than A is expected to make them. Process A seeks the head of the files, writes data, and flushes. Process B seeks the head of the files and does reads. Are there any guarantees about how the order of the changes performed by A will be detected at B? Specifically, if A alternately writes to one file, and then the other, is it reasonable to expect that B will notice alternating changes to F1 and F2? Or could B conceivably detect a series of changes on F1 and then a series on F2? I know there are a lot of assumptions embedded in the question. For instance, I am virtually certain that, even operating on just one file, if A performs 100 operations on the file, B may see a smaller number of changes that give the same result, due to NFS caching some of the actions on A before they are communicated to B. And of course there would be issues with concurrent file access even if NFS weren't involved and both the reading and the writing process were running on the same real file system. The reason I'm even putting the question up here is that it seems like most of the time, the setup described above does detect the changes at B in the same order they are made at A, but that occasionally some events come through in transposed order. So, is it worth trying to make this work? Is there some way to tune NFS to make it work, perhaps cache settings or something? Or is fine-grained behavior like this just too much expect from NFS?

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• What programming language do you wish would quietly retire? [closed]

  - by Gregory Higley

  This is the inverse of the "What programming language do you wish would catch on?" question. I was a Delphi programmer for many years, and I still appreciate its power, but I dislike verbose programming languages. So I would love to see Pascal put out to pasture. The same goes for BASIC in any form, despite the fact that it's the language I cut my teeth on. When I look at cathedrals of beauty like Haskell and REBOL, BASIC just makes me cringe. (VB.NET is tolerable, but barely. It has a few nice language features I'd like to see moved to C#.) My dislike of Pascal and VB.NET is subjective. They are powerful languages, but I dislike their syntax esthetically. Try to explain your reasoning, if you can, even if it's just "I don't like its syntax." This question is not meant to be a flame war, argumentative, or hateful. It's meant to be a straightforward, honest discussion of programmers' dislikes.

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