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• Oracle VM RAC template - what it took

  - by wcoekaer

  In my previous posting I introduced the latest Oracle Real Application Cluster / Oracle VM template. I mentioned how easy it is to deploy a complete Oracle RAC cluster with Oracle VM. In fact, you don't need any prior knowledge at all to get a complete production-ready setup going. Here is an example... I built a 4 node RAC cluster, completely configured in just over 40 minutes - starting from import template into Oracle VM, create VMs to fully up and running Oracle RAC. And what was needed? 1 textfile with some hostnames and ip addresses and deploycluster.py. The setup is a 4 node cluster where each VM has 8GB of RAM and 4 vCPUs. The shared ASM storage in this case is 100GB, 5 x 20GB volumes. The VM names are racovm.0-racovm.3. The deploycluster script starts the VMs, verifies the configuration and sends the database cluster configuration info through Oracle VM Manager to the 4 node VMs. Once the VMs are up and running, the first VM starts the actual Oracle RAC setup inside and talks to the 3 other VMs. I did not log into any VM until after everything was completed. In fact, I connected to the database remotely before logging in at all. # ./deploycluster.py -u admin -H localhost --vms racovm.0,racovm.1,racovm.2,racovm.3 --netconfig ./netconfig.ini Oracle RAC OneCommand (v1.1.0) for Oracle VM - deploy cluster - (c) 2011-2012 Oracle Corporation (com: 26700:v1.1.0, lib: 126247:v1.1.0, var: 1100:v1.1.0) - v2.4.3 - wopr8.wimmekes.net (x86_64) Invoked as root at Sat Jun 2 17:31:29 2012 (size: 37500, mtime: Wed May 16 00:13:19 2012) Using: ./deploycluster.py -u admin -H localhost --vms racovm.0,racovm.1,racovm.2,racovm.3 --netconfig ./netconfig.ini INFO: Login password to Oracle VM Manager not supplied on command line or environment (DEPLOYCLUSTER_MGR_PASSWORD), prompting... Password: INFO: Attempting to connect to Oracle VM Manager... INFO: Oracle VM Client (3.1.1.305) protocol (1.8) CONNECTED (tcp) to Oracle VM Manager (3.1.1.336) protocol (1.8) IP (192.168.1.40) UUID (0004fb0000010000cbce8a3181569a3e) INFO: Inspecting /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini for number of nodes defined... INFO: Detected 4 nodes in: /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini INFO: Located a total of (4) VMs; 4 VMs with a simple name of: ['racovm.0', 'racovm.1', 'racovm.2', 'racovm.3'] INFO: Verifying all (4) VMs are in Running state INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.0" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.1" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.2" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.3" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: Detected that all (4) VMs specified on command have (5) common shared disks between them (ASM_MIN_DISKS=5) INFO: The (4) VMs passed basic sanity checks and in Running state, sending cluster details as follows: netconfig.ini (Network setup): /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini buildcluster: yes INFO: Starting to send cluster details to all (4) VM(s)....... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.0".... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.1"..... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.2"..... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.3"...... INFO: Cluster details sent to (4) VMs... Check log (default location /u01/racovm/buildcluster.log) on build VM (racovm.0)... INFO: deploycluster.py completed successfully at 17:32:02 in 33.2 seconds (00m:33s) Logfile at: /root/rac/deploycluster/deploycluster2.log my netconfig.ini # Node specific information NODE1=db11rac1 NODE1VIP=db11rac1-vip NODE1PRIV=db11rac1-priv NODE1IP=192.168.1.56 NODE1VIPIP=192.168.1.65 NODE1PRIVIP=192.168.2.2 NODE2=db11rac2 NODE2VIP=db11rac2-vip NODE2PRIV=db11rac2-priv NODE2IP=192.168.1.58 NODE2VIPIP=192.168.1.66 NODE2PRIVIP=192.168.2.3 NODE3=db11rac3 NODE3VIP=db11rac3-vip NODE3PRIV=db11rac3-priv NODE3IP=192.168.1.173 NODE3VIPIP=192.168.1.174 NODE3PRIVIP=192.168.2.4 NODE4=db11rac4 NODE4VIP=db11rac4-vip NODE4PRIV=db11rac4-priv NODE4IP=192.168.1.175 NODE4VIPIP=192.168.1.176 NODE4PRIVIP=192.168.2.5 # Common data PUBADAP=eth0 PUBMASK=255.255.255.0 PUBGW=192.168.1.1 PRIVADAP=eth1 PRIVMASK=255.255.255.0 RACCLUSTERNAME=raccluster DOMAINNAME=wimmekes.net DNSIP= # Device used to transfer network information to second node # in interview mode NETCONFIG_DEV=/dev/xvdc # 11gR2 specific data SCANNAME=db11vip SCANIP=192.168.1.57 last few lines of the in-VM log file : 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[clusterstate:Time :db11rac1] Completed successfully in 2 seconds (0h:00m:02s) 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[buildcluster:Done :db11rac1] Build 11gR2 RAC Cluster 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[buildcluster:Time :db11rac1] Completed successfully in 1779 seconds (0h:29m:39s) From start_vm to completely configured : 29m:39s. The other 10m was the import template and create 4 VMs from template along with the shared storage configuration. This consists of a complete Oracle 11gR2 RAC database with ASM, CRS and the RDBMS up and running on all 4 nodes. Simply connect and use. Production ready. Oracle on Oracle.

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• Threads are facing deadlock in socket program [migrated]

  - by ankur.trapasiya

  I am developing one program in which a user can download a number of files. Now first I am sending the list of files to the user. So from the list user selects one file at a time and provides path where to store that file. In turn it also gives the server the path of file where does it exist. I am following this approach because I want to give stream like experience without file size limitation. Here is my code.. 1) This is server which gets started each time I start my application public class FileServer extends Thread { private ServerSocket socket = null; public FileServer() { try { socket = new ServerSocket(Utils.tcp_port); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println("request received"); new FileThread(socket.accept()).start(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 2) This thread runs for each client separately and sends the requested file to the user 8kb data at a time. public class FileThread extends Thread { private Socket socket; private String filePath; public String getFilePath() { return filePath; } public void setFilePath(String filePath) { this.filePath = filePath; } public FileThread(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; System.out.println("server thread" + this.socket.isConnected()); //this.filePath = filePath; } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); try { //************NOTE filePath=(String) ois.readObject(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } File f = new File(this.filePath); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; InputStream is = new FileInputStream(f); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); int c = 0; while ((c = bis.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { oos.write(buf, 0, c); oos.flush(); // buf=new byte[8192]; } oos.close(); //socket.shutdownOutput(); // client.shutdownOutput(); System.out.println("stop"); // client.shutdownOutput(); ois.close(); // Thread.sleep(500); is.close(); bis.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE: here filePath represents the path of the file where it exists on the server. The client who is connecting to the server provides this path. I am managing this through sockets and I am successfully receiving this path. 3) FileReceiverThread is responsible for receiving the data from the server and constructing file from this buffer data. public class FileReceiveThread extends Thread { private String fileStorePath; private String sourceFile; private Socket socket = null; public FileReceiveThread(String ip, int port, String fileStorePath, String sourceFile) { this.fileStorePath = fileStorePath; this.sourceFile = sourceFile; try { socket = new Socket(ip, port); System.out.println("receive file thread " + socket.isConnected()); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); oos.writeObject(sourceFile); oos.flush(); // oos.close(); File f = new File(fileStorePath); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; int c = 0; //************ NOTE ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( socket.getInputStream()); while ((c = ois.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { // ois.read(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, c); bos.flush(); // buf = new byte[8192]; } ois.close(); oos.close(); // os.close(); bos.close(); socket.close(); //Thread.sleep(500); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE : Now the problem that I am facing is at the first time when the file is requested the outcome of the program is same as my expectation. I am able to transmit any size of file at first time. Now when the second file is requested (e.g. I have sent file a,b,c,d to the user and user has received file a successfully and now he is requesting file b) the program faces deadlock at this situation. It is waiting for socket's input stream. I put breakpoint and tried to debug it but it is not going in FileThread's run method second time. I could not find out the mistake here. Basically I am making a LAN Messenger which works on LAN. I am using SWT as UI framework.

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• DNS configuration to force root domain to www

  - by kolosy

  we have an app running on heroku. the dns setup is like this: A record for domain.com - heroku front end ip addresses CNAME for www.domain.com - specific host name for our app provided by heroku we also have an SSL cert for www.domain.com. the issue is that if someone goes to https://domain.com/secure_stuff, they will get heroku's SSL cert, instead of ours, causing lots of fear. We can do things on our end to make sure that all of our URLs point to https://www.domain.com, but it still won't solve this specific issue. is there a way to configure the DNS record to redirect all root domain traffic to the www subdomain?

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• Hadopi : Frédéric Mitterrand questionné sur SeedFuck, et sur la présomption de culpabilité

  Mise à jour du 29.04.2010 par Katleen Hadopi : Frédéric Mitterrand questionné sur SeedFuck, et sur la présomption de culpabilité L'outil Seedfuck fait son petit bonhomme de chemin. Après l'arrivée de diverses mutations, il a réussi à se hisser dans les plus hautes sphères de la politique, puisque Frédéric Mitterrand a été pris officiellement à parti à ce propos lors d'une séance de l'Assemblée Nationale. C'est le député UMP Michel Zumkeller (ayant voté contre Hadopi) qui a interrogé le ministre dans une question écrite à propos de ce «petit programme [qui] inonde les réseaux de téléchargements, en peer to peer, de fausses adresses IP ». Comme quoi, Seedfuck a réussi a créer la ...

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• Unable to set default gateway

  - by GrandMasterFlush

  I'm running Ubuntu server via Hyper-V and have successfully installed it but seem unable to ping the server or ping any other machines on the network from the server. After doing a bit of reading I've noticed that the default gateway isn't set but when I try and set it I keep getting error messages which I can't understand. From this article I've tried ip route add default via 10.0.10.200 Which reports: RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted If I try running it prefixed with sudo but it reports: `RNETLINK answers: No such process I've editted /etc/network/interfaces but when I start the machine and type netstat -nr there is nothing listed. Can anyone tell me where I'm going wrong please? EDIT : /etc/network/interfaces contains: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp

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• DNS slows down on development environment

  - by Sequenzia

  I have a local development environment setup on my Mac. I am running an Ubuntu Web Server inside of a Virtual Box VM. I setup a host file on my Mac that points my dev site to the IP of the Ubuntu Virtual Server. Everything works good other than the fact a lot (not all) of the time it takes more than 5 seconds to load a page. I used firebug to track down where the problem is and when it's slow the DNS part of my request is taking over 5 seconds. Like I said it's not all the time. Sometimes it resolves and loads the page within milliseconds. The same page one click will be super fast and then the next time it takes over 5 seconds. It's really slowing me down and I am not sure what is causing it.

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• RDA Health Checks for SOA

  - by ShawnBailey

  What is a health check in RDA? A health check evaluates something in your environment to determine whether a change needs to be considered in order to avoid a problem or optimize fuctionality. Examples of what this 'something' might be are: Configuration Parameters JVM Options Runtime Statistics What have we done for SOA? In the latest release of RDA, 4.30, we have added a Rule Set for SOA called 'Oracle SOA 11g (11.1.1) Post Installation (Generic)'. This Rule Set contains 14 SOA related health checks. These checks were all derived from common issues / solutions we see in support of the SOA product. Many of the recommendations come from the product documentation while others are covered in the SOA Knowledge Base. Our goal is that you will be able to easily identify the areas of concern and understand the guidance available from the output of the Rule Set. Running the health checks for SOA The rules that the checks use are installed with RDA and bundled by product or functional area into what are called 'Rule Sets'. To view the available Rule Sets simply run the command from the RDA home location: rda.cmd (or .sh) -dT hcve This will bring up a list of the available HCVE (Health Check / Verification Engine) Rule Sets. Each Rule Set contains a group of related rules that are used for evalutation and display of results. A rule can be considered synonymous with a single health check and they are assigned an ID, Name and Description that can be seen when they are executed. The Rule Set for SOA is option number 11 and you just enter this selection at the prompt. The Rule Set will then execute to completion. After running an HCVE Rule Set the tool will write the output to the RDA_HOME/output folder. The simplest way to view the output is to drag the .htm file to a browser but of course it can also be uploaded to a Service Request for evaluation by Oracle Support. Many of the Rule Sets will prompt you for information before they can execute their rules but the SOA Rule Set will identify the SOA domains configured in your RDA setup.cfg file. This means that you don't need to answer all of the questions again about where stuff is but it also means that you must have configured RDA for SOA. To run the Rule Set: Download the latest version of RDA from MOS Doc ID 314422.1 Configure RDA for your SOA domains. Detailed steps can be found here In it's simplest form the command is 'rda.cmd (.sh) -S SOA' Go to the RDA home location and enter the command 'rda.cmd (or .sh) -dT hcve' Select option '11' It should be noted that this our first release of a SOA Rule Set so there will probably be some things we need to clean up or fix. None of these rules will actually modify anything on your system as they are read only and do the evaluations internally. Please let us know if you have any issues with the rules or ideas for new ones so we can make them as useful as possible. The Checks Here is a list of the SOA health checks by ID, Name and Description. ID Name Description A00100 SOA Domain Homes Lists the SOA domains that were indentified from the RDA setup.cfg file A00200 Coherence Protocol Conflict Checks to see if you have both Unicast and Multicast configured in the same domain. Checks both the setDomainEnv and config.xml entries (if it exists). We recommend Unicast with fully qualified host names or IP addresses. A00210 Coherence Fully Qualified Host Checks that the host names are fully qualified or that IP addresses are used. Will fail if unqualified host names are detected. A00220 Unicast Local Host Checks that the Coherence localhost is specified for use with Unicast A00300 JTA Timeout Checks that the JTA timeout is configured for the domain and lists the value. The bundled rule will only list the current values of the JTA timeout for each SOA Domain. In the future the rule with fail with a warning if the value is 300 seconds or lower. It is recommended that timeouts follow the pattern 'syncMaxWaitTime' < EJB Timeouts < JTA Timeout. The 300 second value is important because the EJB Timeouts default to 300 seconds. Additional information can be found in MOS Doc ID 880313.1. A00310 XA Max Time Checks that the JTA Maximum XA call time is set for the domain. Fails if it is not explicitly set or if the value is less than or equal to the default of 12000 ms. A00320 XA Timeout Checks that the XA timeout is enabled and that the value is '0' for the SOA Data Source (SOADataSource-jdbc.xml) A00330 JDBC Statement Timeout Checks that the Statement Timeout is set for all SOA Data Sources. Fails if the value is not set or if it is set to the default of -1. A00400 XA Driver Checks that the SOA Data Source is configured to use an XA driver. Fails if it is not. A00410 JDBC Capacity Settings Checks that the minimum and maximum capacity are equal for all SOA Data Sources. Fails if they are not and lists specifically which data sources failed. A00500 SOA Roles Checks that the default SOA roles 'SOAAdmin' and 'SOAOperator' are configured for the soa-infra application in the file sytem-jazn-data.xml. Fails if they are not. A00700 SOA-INFRA Deployment Checks that the soa-infra application is deployed to either a cluster, all members of a cluster or a stand alone server. A00710 SOA Deployments Checks that the SOA related applications are deployed to the same domain members as soa-infra. A00720 SOA Library Deployments Checks that the SOA related libraries are deployed to the same domain members as soa-infra. A00730 Data Source Deployments Checks that the SOA Data Sources are all targeted to the same domain members as soa-infra

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• How to recover a website's lost robot.txt?

  - by Jessica

  I found my website in the Wayback Machine a few months ago, but today I've tried again and now it tells me it can't find robots.txt. My old webhost stopped paying for their servers back in August without any notice. I was going to do a backup the day it happened. Is there a way just to find the text? I have the old IP, images, but nothing else. None of the big search engines have caches anymore, and I already looked in the cache of three of my Macs with nothing to be found.

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• Do subdomains need to be defined through domain registerar?

  - by Johnny

  I have bought a new domain name from GoDaddy. Let's say it is abcd.com. On GoDaddy's DNS Managing page, I changed A(Host) part to @ = 74.125.232.215 which is www.google.co.uk's IP address. Now if I type www.abcd.com, it directly goes to www.google.co.uk. But if I type http://test.abcd.com, it cannot be loaded. Do I need to define every subdomain through GoDaddy? Is this how it work? P.S. Amazon EC2 directly generates a subdomain for users to reach their virtual PCs. It cannot be domain registerar dependant. P.S.2. Same question for using "www2" at the start of url.

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• Is SimplePHPBlog a secure blogging engine?

  - by authentictech

  Has anyone used the blog engine SimplePHPBlog? It is a simple blog engine that uses only text files (no database). My problem with it is that the content directory where the texts files are stored appears to require being world writeable/readable (i.e. permission 777) for it to work. This means anyone can access the text files with a browser! These text files include the blog/comment poster's IP and email address! This is not secure or good practice, right?

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• What nameserver should I use?

  - by Qmal

  Let's say that I have site.com website that I bought at one place, but want to host on another place. I don't know what to do. Here is scenario. I bought site.com on company that is using their own nameservers - ns.a.com. And linked website to their own servers. I bought hosting on another company that is using nameservers - ns.b.com. Should I just change ns.a.com on my DOMAIN to ns.b.com? Or should I link all DNS entries on my domain control panel to host ip addresses?

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• Are there keylogger viruses that affect Ubuntu?

  - by Ryan McClure

  I just within the last few hours had my Amazon and Gmail accounts hijacked. Purchases were made through my Amazon account that I didn't authorize...in fact, I wasn't even in my room. According to Gmail, the IP address of when I got hijacked was where I live. Enough rambling, here's my question: are there keylogger viruses on Ubuntu? I am not sure if either i accidentally let my password out there somewhere, or maybe I have a keylogger. I'm currently installing ClamAV to scan for viruses. Any help would be absolutely appreciated.

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• Nodes can't connect to server after bootstrap

  - by user84471

  I installed maas and I was able to add nodes and they became in ready state. I executed: juju bootstrap And then one of my nodes is waking up and I receive this message on server (after juju status): And this message is shown on node after it wakes up: I am doing this several times and each time I receive the same result. I think something is wrong with my network. It look like this: internet <-> router <-> switch <-> nodes | |<----->server Router is used as a DHCP Server. It's ip is 192.168.0.1 - it's my default gateway. When I was installing maas server I installed dnsmasq and I have used as a range 192.168.0.5-192.158.0.200 and for gateway I used 192.168.0.1 and for domain I used nothing. I was able to add nodes without problems. What maybe the problem not letting nodes to connect to maas server?

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• Log oddities: 404s for client-garbled image URLs

  - by Chris Adams

  I've noticed some odd 404s which appear to be broken URL rewriting code: Our deep zoom view generates images URLs like this: /media/204/service/dzi/1/1_files/7/0_0.jpg I see some - well under <1% - requests for slightly altered URLs: /media/204/s/rvice/d/i/1/1_files/7/0_0.jpg These requests come from IP addresses all over the world (US, Canada, China, Russia, India, Israel, etc.), desktop and mobile users with multiple user-agents (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Mobile Safari, etc.), and there is plenty of normal activity in the same session so I'm assuming this is either widespread malware or some broken proxy service. I have not seen them from anything other than images, which suggests that this may be some sort of content filter. Has anyone else seen this? My CDN logs show the first request on June 8th ramping up from several dozen to several hundred per day.

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• How to avoid Hotmail/Live rejections for (legit) large volume eMailing?

  - by vmarquez

  While qualifying eMail for Spam, Hotmail/Live checks the historical records of numbers of eMails sent by a sender (FROM, eMail Server, IP, etc.). Some times, perfectly valid bulk eMails that are not Spam, (i.e. double opt-in list, from a server with proper SPF Record, signed with DKIM, unregister links and contact info, etc.) are rejected and not delivered to destinataries. Not even to their Junk folder. I guess we can avoid this situation by progressivelly "training" Hotmail/Live about the reputation of our sender and sending small quantyties of eMails innitially and increasing the quantity for some amount/percentaje during each delivery. Are there guidelines or do you have any experience on these quantities, strategy, solutions? Thank you in advance. EDIT: This question with a bounty is still unanswered. 8 hours to be automatically awarded! Do you have the answer?

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• Who owns the intellectual property to Fragile Allegiance?

  - by analytik

  Fragile Allegiance was developed by Gremlin Interactive, which was later acquired by Infogrames (Atari). I couldn't find any details of the acquisition though. The only interesting thing I have found online is that the owner of the registered trademark Fragile Allegiance is Interplay, who published Fragile Allegiance. However, the only copyright note I've found was in one installation .ini file, claiming it for Gremlin. What are the common business practices when it comes to old, unused IPs? What do publishers/developers actually need to legally claim an intellectual property? Does anyone have an experience with contacting big publishers with copyright/IP inquiries? Related legal question.

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 15 &ndash; Network Management

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand network management and the importance of documentation, baseline measurements, policies, and regulations to assess and maintain a network’s health. Manage a network’s performance using SNMP-based network management software, system and event logs, and traffic-shaping techniques Identify the reasons for and elements of an asset managements system Plan and follow regular hardware and software maintenance routines Fundamentals of Network Management Network management refers to the assessment, monitoring, and maintenance of all aspects of a network including checking for hardware faults, ensuring high QoS, maintaining records of network assets, etc. Scope of network management differs depending on the size and requirements of the network. All sub topics of network management share the goals of enhancing the efficiency and performance while preventing costly downtime or loss. Documentation The way documentation is stored may vary, but to adequately manage a network one should at least record the following… Physical topology (types of LAN and WAN topologies – ring, star, hybrid) Access method (does it use Ethernet 802.3, token ring, etc.) Protocols Devices (Switches, routers, etc) Operating Systems Applications Configurations (What version of operating system and config files for serve / client software) Baseline Measurements A baseline is a report of the network’s current state of operation. Baseline measurements might include the utilization rate for your network backbone, number of users logged on per day, etc. Baseline measurements allow you to compare future performance increases or decreases caused by network changes or events with past network performance. Obtaining baseline measurements is the only way to know for certain whether a pattern of usage has changed, or whether a network upgrade has made a difference. There are various tools available for measuring baseline performance on a network. Policies, Procedures, and Regulations Following rules helps limit chaos, confusion, and possibly downtime. The following policies and procedures and regulations make for sound network management. Media installations and management (includes designing physical layout of cable, etc.) Network addressing policies (includes choosing and applying a an addressing scheme) Resource sharing and naming conventions (includes rules for logon ID’s) Security related policies Troubleshooting procedures Backup and disaster recovery procedures In addition to internal policies, a network manager must consider external regulatory rules. Fault and Performance Management After documenting every aspect of your network and following policies and best practices, you are ready to asses you networks status on an on going basis. This process includes both performance management and fault management. Network Management Software To accomplish both fault and performance management, organizations often use enterprise-wide network management software. There various software packages that do this, each collect data from multiple networked devices at regular intervals, in a process called polling. Each managed device runs a network management agent. So as not to affect the performance of a device while collecting information, agents do not demand significant processing resources. The definition of a managed devices and their data are collected in a MIB (Management Information Base). Agents communicate information about managed devices via any of several application layer protocols. On modern networks most agents use SNMP which is part of the TCP/IP suite and typically runs over UDP on port 161. Because of the flexibility and sophisticated network management applications are a challenge to configure and fine-tune. One needs to be careful to only collect relevant information and not cause performance issues (i.e. pinging a device every 5 seconds can be a problem with thousands of devices). MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher) is a simple command line utility that uses SNMP to poll devices and collects data in a log file. MRTG can be used with Windows, UNIX and Linux. System and Event Logs Virtually every condition recognized by an operating system can be recorded. This is typically done using event logs. In Windows there is a GUI event log viewer. Similar information is recorded in UNIX and Linux in a system log. Much of the information collected in event logs and syslog files does not point to a problem, even if it is marked with a warning so it is important to filter your logs appropriately to reduce the noise. Traffic Shaping When a network must handle high volumes of network traffic, users benefit from performance management technique called traffic shaping. Traffic shaping involves manipulating certain characteristics of packets, data streams, or connections to manage the type and amount of traffic traversing a network or interface at any moment. Its goals are to assure timely delivery of the most important traffic while offering the best possible performance for all users. Several types of traffic prioritization exist including prioritizing traffic according to any of the following characteristics… Protocol IP address User group DiffServr VLAN tag in a Data Link layer frame Service or application Caching In addition to traffic shaping, a network or host might use caching to improve performance. Caching is the local storage of frequently needed files that would otherwise be obtained from an external source. By keeping files close to the requester, caching allows the user to access those files quickly. The most common type of caching is Web caching, in which Web pages are stored locally. To an ISP, caching is much more than just convenience. It prevents a significant volume of WAN traffic, thus improving performance and saving money. Asset Management Another key component in managing networks is identifying and tracking its hardware. This is called asset management. The first step to asset management is to take an inventory of each node on the network. You will also want to keep records of every piece of software purchased by your organization. Asset management simplifies maintaining and upgrading the network chiefly because you know what the system includes. In addition, asset management provides network administrators with information about the costs and benefits of certain types of hardware or software. Change Management Networks are always in a stage of flux with various aspects including… Software changes and patches Client Upgrades Shared Application Upgrades NOS Upgrades Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Cabling Upgrades Backbone Upgrades For a detailed explanation on each of these read the textbook (Page 750 – 761)

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• check support of Universal TUN/TAP Device on ubuntu 12.04

  - by nmaybar

  I am trying to setup Appgate Ip tunneling driver on my ubuntu 12.04 by following appgate instructions listed below: Installation, Linux Make sure the kernel has support for the Universal TUN/TAP device driver, and then log in as root and create a new directory somewhere, and copy the files ag_iptd add_route add_gw_route add_hosts_entry ag_iptd clean_hosts_file del_route del_gw_route del_hosts_entry interface_down interface_up remove_dns_server set_dns_server fix_localhost into that directory. Then start the IPTD daemon by doing modprobe tun <directory-somewhere>/ag_iptd There is also an init script 'ag_iptd.init' that can be installed to automatically start the IPTD daemon every time the OS is loaded.Please check the documentation of your Linux distribution on howto do this. so is there any way to checkif my ubuntu 12.04 kernel has support for the Universal TUN/TAP device driver? and how to do so? Thanks,

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• IIS Not Accepting Login Credentials

  - by Dale Jay

  I have an ASP.NET web form using Microsoft's boilerplate Active Directory login page, set up exactly as suggested. (See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms180890%28v=vs.80%29.aspx) Windows Authentication is activated on the "Default Website" and "MyWebsite" levels, and Domain\This.User is given "Allow" access to the site. After entering the valid credentials for This.User on the web form, a popup window appears asking me to enter my credentials yet again. Despite entering valid credentials for This.User (after attempting Domain\This.User and This.User formats), it rejects the credentials and returns an unauthorized user page. Active Directory user This.User is valid, the IP address of the AD server has been verified and SPN's have been set up for the server. Any thoughts as to what may be causing this? I can post code if needed.

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• Free forum engine with good anti-attack mechanisms

  - by macias

  I am looking for forum engine (for discussions) with good attack countermeasures built in. Windows (preferrably) or Linux. Free (as beer). I think about registration flooding and blocking user accounts attacks. For registration, such engine should have at least: captcha blocking mulitple registrations from the same IP providing login (for logging in) and user name (for displaying the author of the posts) For logging in: no blocking on multiple tries -- instead after X try sending via mail a token, the third piece needed for next login -- without it logging in will be impossible (it would be similar to activation process) The engine should be designed with two ideas in mind: protecting engine against attacks 0 penalty for decent users Thank you in advance for your help and recommendations.

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• What Ranking Factors Are Used For International Search?

  - by Itai

  Google.com vs Google.ca vs Google.co.uk (etc) all rank their results differently. The intention is to return more locally-relevant content. What factors, other than the ones below, are used to determine local relevancy? I already know the TLD (.com, .ca, etc) and likely the server IP address is used but there has to be more as this would not explain some search results I noticed this week. Particularly, I see a US-based site ranking #3 for some keywords on Google.com, ranking #5 on Google.ca and not ranking within the first pages on Google.co.uk. On Google.com it outranks a Australian site which outranks it on Google.ca. The site itself is relevant for all English-speaking locations and it being outranked by sites from different regions on different Google TLDs (but not ones from the same region as the TLD).

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• 127.0.0.1:9051 doesnt work after apache, mysql, php installation?

  - by Rana Muhammad Waqas

  I have installed apache2, mysql, and php and now it doesnt let Vidalia run on localhost. i tried to change the TCP connection (controlport) to any other ip 192.168.0.40 and tried to change the default port 9051 to any other but that doesnt work. I thought apache is running so i used this command sudo service apache2 stop but that still doesnt work. So now when i type 127.0.0.1:9051 in browser it says and if i type only type 127.0.0.1 after stopping the apapche2 service with the command mentioned above it says unable to connect I am not sure what to do now Help!

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• How can I monitor a website for malicious changes to the files

  - by rossmcm

  I had an occasion recently where our website was compromised - a link farm was added to a couple of the pages on one occasion, and on another occasion, a large and nasty aspx file was put on the server. I won't mention the host's name (Hostway), but I was pretty annoyed that someone was able to do this. No, it wasn't a leaky password - around 10 sites hosted by HW with consecutive IP addresses got trashed. Anyway. What I need is a utility or service (preferably free) that takes a snapshot of my websites contents, and then regularly monitors the files (size and datestamp) for unauthorized changes or additions, and alerts me. I've used web services that monitor one file for changes, but I'm looking for something a bit more aggressive.

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• Trouble filtering using rsyslog as syslog server for router

  - by JPbuntu

  I am trying to configure rsyslog (Ubuntu 12.04 Server) to log events from my router. I found this link which got me most of the way there. I am able to get the events logged from the router, and since I don't them logged in syslog, I set up a filter in rsyslog.conf like this: :fromhost-ip, isequal, "192.168.2.1" /var/log/linksys.log & ~ This works, the only problem is now I am not getting any SSHD logs in auth.log. I am really stumped why this would be, SSHD is a local service. I tried using a different filter instead: :msg,contains, "RV042" /var/log/linksys.log & ~ since RV042 is the name of the router, but this doesn't log anything. Any ideas?

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• Network traffic monitoring for unexperienced users

  - by Eduardo Casteluci

  I'm a really unexperienced Ubuntu user and I'm having a hard time monitoring my network traffic. I just need to know what websites each one of the devices connected to my network are accessing. I've tried to use ntop, but I couldn't work around it. Is that possible? I mean, is it possible to know that kind of data only by specifing a local IP address? How can I do that? It's a security issue that I'm facing and I need to work that "easy" monitoring out. Thanks

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