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  • Input traffic shaping

    - by whitequark
    I know that I can shape output traffic with tc or a similar tool. However, I want to shape the input traffic now—actually, I want to prioritize downloading of files of certain type through a slow lossy connection. I know the reason tc can only shape output traffic: the host itself has no direct control over the amount of input traffic. On the other hand, TCP has some measures built in it which prevent the TCP traffic from overflowing a slow connection. So, can I mangle something in TCP header so that the remote host will think my connection is slower than it thinks? Suppose that I am able to set the corresponding mark on both types of connections with iptables. Is there any way to reduce the input bandwidth of connections of first type, but only if connections of second type are present?

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  • Using AWStats, cannot get MaxNbOfExtraX to limit rows in Extra Report

    - by user137519
    Folks, got something really odd here I'd like to resolve. I've been using Awstats and have a couple of extra reports. I cannot get any of them to limit the rows using MaxNbOfExtraX to work. Here are two examples: ExtraSectionName1="Top 100 Searches" ExtraSectionCodeFilter1="200 304" ExtraSectionCondition1="URL,/search/search_post.php" ExtraSectionFirstColumnTitle1="Search Parameters" ExtraSectionFirstColumnValues1="QUERY_STRING,(.*)" ExtraSectionFirstColumnFormat1="QueryParameters: %s" ExtraSectionStatTypes1=HL ExtraSectionAddAverageRow1=0 ExtraSectionAddSumRow1=1 MaxNbOfExtra1=100 MinHitExtra1=4 ExtraSectionName2="Top 100 Downloads" ExtraSectionCodeFilter2="200 304" ExtraSectionCondition2="URL,/filedownload.php" ExtraSectionFirstColumnTitle2="File Downloads" ExtraSectionFirstColumnValues2="QUERY_STRING,(.[0-9]{5})(h|p)?." ExtraSectionFirstColumnFormat2="File ID: %s" ExtraSectionStatTypes2=HL ExtraSectionAddAverageRow2=0 ExtraSectionAddSumRow2=1 MaxNbOfExtra2=100 MinHitExtra2=3 According to all documentation I've read the MaxNbOfExtra1 should keep the limit to 100. However when I run this, with the debug messages enabled I get a message indicated that the query will be in excess of of 500 and would not run it. I increased the number of ExtraTrackedRowsLimit to 2000 and it would work. But the option I provided should have lowered that. I even tried without the ExtraTrackedRowsLimit with MaxNbOfExtra1=100 but same error: No limit to 100 and the "excess of 500" error. I have the URLWithQuery=1 and my reports do run properly along with my regex filters. I am using MinHitExtra1 to limit the rows and that works, but why can I not get the MaxObOfExtraX option to work. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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  • How to keep subtree removal (`rm -rf`) from starving other processes for Disk I/O?

    - by David Eyk
    We have a very large (multi-GB) Nginx cache directory for a busy site, which we occasionally need to clear all at once. I've solved this in the past by moving the cache folder to a new path, making a new cache folder at the old path, and then rm -rfing the old cache folder. Lately, however, when I need to clear the cache on a busy morning, the I/O from rm -rf is starving my server processes of disk access, as both Nginx and the server it fronts for are read-intensive. I can watch the load average climb while the CPUs sit idle and rm -rf takes 98-99% of Disk IO in iotop. I've tried ionice -c 3 when invoking rm, but it seems to have no appreciable effect on the observed behavior. Is there any way to tame rm -rf to share the disk more? Do I need to use a different technique that will take its cues from ionice? Update: The filesystem in question is an AWS EC2 instance store (the primary disk is EBS). The /etc/fstab entry looks like this: /dev/xvdb /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2

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  • How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

    - by svarni
    I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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  • unable to start apache after changes to rc.conf and resov.conf

    - by shupru
    I had a working configuration this morning with the following simple /etc/rc.conf ifconfig_rl0="DHCP" ifconfig_xl="inet 192.168.1.11 netmask 255.255.255." defaultrouter="192.168.1.1" I added the following lines: firewall_enable="YES" firewall_type="SIMPLE" firewall_logging="YES" sshd_enable="YES" apache_enable="YES" mysql_enable="YES" my httpd.conf includes: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.11 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.11> ... </VirtualHost> now apache and ssh server are down. changed rc.conf back to last working configuration and still no ssh or apache apachectl start #--> /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start: httpd could not be started apachectl status #--> Looking up localhost Making http connection to localhost Alert!: Unable to connect to remote host.

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  • Issue changing mysql password on Debian

    - by Sean
    I installed mysql on my Debian server. I couldn't get into the database because it kept saying I put in the wrong password so I looked on the internet and found that I could log onto mysql using the command sudo mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf From there I went typed use mysql;then mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('password') WHERE user='root'; Which I know switched the password because I typed the command select Host, User, Password from user; And it showed the encrypted characters had changed for all three of the root user categories. But I am still not able to login to mysql using mysql -u root -p

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  • Multiple websites each with an SSL certificate of its own

    - by ServerDown
    Hi, We run cent os, plesk with apache and php, mysql. There are around 25 sites and each of them need an SSL certificate now. The host cannot have more than 16 IPs on the same server. Is it possible to have all these sites use just one IP address and have SSL certificate setup for each site? If yes, please let me know how I can set this up. Thanks

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  • Is there a way to control two instantiated systemd services as a single unit?

    - by rascalking
    I've got a couple python web services I'm trying to run on a Fedora 15 box. They're being run by paster, and the only difference in starting them is the config file they read. This seems like a good fit for systemd's instantiated services, but I'd like to be able to control them as a single unit. A systemd target that requires both services seems like the way to approach that. Starting the target does start both services, but stopping the target leaves them running. Here's the service file: [Unit] Description=AUI Instance on Port %i After=syslog.target [Service] WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/share/aui ExecStart=/opt/cogo/bin/paster serve --log-file=/var/log/aui/%i deploy-%i.ini Restart=always RestartSec=2 User=aui Group=aui [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target And here's the target file: [Unit] Description=AUI [email protected] [email protected] After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target Is this kind of grouping even possible with systemd?

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  • Zabbix not getting data for one filesystem

    - by Dennis Williamson
    I have Zabbix monitoring disk space for several volumes on several servers. It works fine on all of them except for one of the volumes on one of the servers which always reports as 0. However, when I run ./zabbix_get -s localhost -p 10050 -k 'vfs.fs.size[/home, free]' locally on the machine in question, it gives me the correct, non-zero size which matches the output of df. How can I go about troubleshooting and correcting this problem?

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  • After installing Ubuntu how do I get rid of unity and go back to gnome?

    - by aseq
    After I have installed the newest Ubuntu LTS release (12.04, still in beta though) I am greeted with an unfamiliar and difficult to use desktop environment. I believe it is called unity. However I have used gnome for a decade and a half and I would not like to move to this new and (for me) unusable desktop environment. What is a quick and easy way to remove (most) of unity and bring back gnome, as well as configure my display manager to load gnome by default with the environment as close as possible to the way it was before?

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  • Changing time or offsetting it in OpenVZ contained server

    - by Milad Naseri
    I am trying to run a VPS, a Debian box contained in an OpenVZ container. Obviously, I cannot use time --set or any such command, as the time must be set via the parent node. The owner of the parent node, however refuses to adjust the time (which is 30 minutes slower than the actual time). All the programs on my system, consequently, now recognized the false time and this throws a wrench in my syncing. Is there a way to possibly change the system time without interference from the container's administrator? Or perhaps, failing that, a way to make the programs "see" the time 30 minutes faster than what is reported by the container?

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  • Why not block ICMP?

    - by Agvorth
    I think I almost have my iptables setup complete on my CentOS 5.3 system. Here is my script... # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP For context, this machine is a Virtual Private Server Web app host. In a previous question, Lee B said that I should "lock down ICMP a bit more." Why not just block it altogether? What would happen if I did that (what bad thing would happen)? If I need to not block ICMP, how could I go about locking it down more?

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  • remastering knoppix: which version and what method should i use

    - by Stan_
    I'd like to remaster knoppix (mainly add and configure some software). I downloaded newest version (KNOPPIX-ADRIANE_V6.2CD-2009-11-18-EN.iso) but later i read that it has some other window manager as default, not kde... and i want to have kde on my remaster. Is kde included on that iso but it's not default or it's not included at all? If it's not there what knoppix version should i get for my remaster? My other question... I've seen some remastering scripts (with menus, etc) on knoppix forums, do any of these works with version i have? Or with version i should have if i need kde?

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  • How to keep source frame rate with mencoder/ffmpeg?

    - by Sandra
    I would like to crop and rotate a video, and then encode it to mp4 or mkv. mencoder video.mp4 -vf rotate=1,crop=720:1280:0:0 -oac pcm -ovc x264 -x264encopts preset=veryslow:tune=film:crf=15:frameref=15:fast_pskip=0:threads=auto -lavfopts format=matroska -o test.mkv But when I do the above encoding, the frame rate is way too fast. The encoding options were something I found, so I don't know if that is the problem. Question All I want is to crop and rotate the video, and keep the audio/video quality as good as possible. Have anyone tried this?

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  • Hung Java JVM failing to respond to kill -3

    - by Hans
    I have a Java VM that is hanging "randomly". I quote the randomly bit, because there is obviously a reason that the VM is hanging, but the hang does not occur periodically. We have the same software running in different customer environments and in those environments the JVM is not hanging. In the process of attempting to troubleshoot the hang the process exists with zero CPU utilization. I then attempt to execute kill -3 and the kill command hangs. No JVM Thread Dump is produced. I have spent time instrumenting the code to periodically log the thread stack traces hoping to catch the JVM in a state that would indicate where the issue lies, but so far this attempt has not born much fruit. Unfortunately I have not been able to reproduce this issue in my lab environment so I am limited by what can be done at the Customer site. The OS's in question are Red Hat Enterprise 5.4 and SUSE 10 running java version 1.6.0_05-b13 Has anyone had this problem? Any ideas on why kill -3 is failing to produce a Java Thread Dump? Thanks!

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  • Best open source server notification software

    - by Adam Evers
    I am looking for an open source notification/monitoring software which will work much like growl does with a mac. It would be awesome if I could receive certain messages to my mac computer from my server when lets say it restarts or some predefined error happens etc. Anyone know of anything like that? I know of Nagios but I am thinking not as complex.

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  • dnsmasq Client TTL

    - by user548971
    I have a situation where my hosts file is constantly changing. Because of this I don't want clients to cache ip addresses resolved using the hosts file. Here is the command that starts dnsmasq for me: /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -K -R -y -Z -b -E -S 8.8.8.8 -l /tmp/dhcp.leases -r /tmp/resolv.conf.auto --stop-dns-rebind --rebind-localhost-ok --dhcp-range=lan,192.168.2.2,192.168.2.249,255.255.255.0,12h -2 eth0 In looking at this site: http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html I see that the -T option has this description: -T, --local-ttl=<time> When replying with information from /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replies. This will reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale data under some circumstances. My command doesn't have the -T option. Do I need it or does dnsmasq default TTL to zero without it?

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  • How do you create virtual folders from saved search

    - by Jérôme Radix
    I would like to have on unix-like platforms, the same functionality as to Windows 7 Library folders (aka virtual folders) you see in Windows Explorer. Gnome Nautilus do that kind of virtual folders through saved search. But I want a system-wide solution, not a gnome-wide solution. Is there a tool that creates virtual folders from the concatenation of multiple search queries (the result of multiple find commands ?). The solution should index files for better performances and you should be able to define the default folder for copy operations. I assume the solution of this kind of problem certainly use FUSE, but I can't see a complete solution to this kind of task in FUSE applications.

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  • Does changing web hosts (changing a domain's nameservers) affect the private nameservers / glue records created under that domain?

    - by Kris
    We currently have a virtual dedicated server with GoDaddy and have 4 domains under it. I ended up creating private nameservers under, say mydomain_a.com, and have ns1.mydomain_a.com and ns2.mydomain_a.com as the nameservers for the other 3 domains. Now, we're thinking of switching web hosts (not domain registrar just the host) which means I have to change mydomain_a.com's nameservers to the new host. Will that affect or mess with the other 3 domains still pointing to ns1.mydomain_a.com and ns2.mydomain_a.com? Will that affect the private nameservers / glue records in anyway? Currently: domain: mydomain_a.com nameservers (GoDaddy): ns1.mydomain_a.com ns2.mydomain_a.com domain: mydomain_b.com nameservers (GoDaddy): ns1.mydomain_a.com ns2.mydomain_a.com After the Change: domain: mydomain_a.com nameservers (Other Host): ns1.some_other_host_ns.com ns2.some_other_host_ns.com This is my Question, Would this be affected? domain: mydomain_b.com nameservers (GoDaddy): ns1.mydomain_a.com ns2.mydomain_a.com

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  • Advertise a subnet route with radvd

    - by Thomas Berger
    we have set up a small IPv6 Testing network. The setup looks like this: ::/0 +----------+ | Firewall | Router to the public net +----------+ | 2001:...::/106 | +----------+ +-------| SIT GW | sit Tunnel gatway to the some test users | +----------+ | +----------+ | Test Sys | Testsystem +----------+ The idea is to advertise the default route from the firewall and the route for the SIT subnets from the sit gateway. The configurations for radvd are: # Firewall interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route ::/0 { }; }; # SIT Gatway interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route 2001:...::/106 { }; }; We have captured the adv. packages with tcpdump and the packages looks good. We see a default route from the fw, and the subnet route from the SIT gatway. But if we look on the testsystem there are two default routes over both gateways. There is no subnet route. The routing does not work of course. Here the routes we get: 2001:.....::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via fe80::baac:6fff:fe8e:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 default via fe80::e415:aeff:fe12:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 Any Idea?

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  • How to set which IP to use for a HTTP request?

    - by GetFree
    This is probably a silly question. I'm doing some http requests using wget from the command line, and I want those connections to be made through one specific IP of the 4 IPs my server has. Those http requests go to one specific range of IPs so I only want those to be routed differently. The 4 interfaces in my server are eth0, eth0:0, eth0:1, eth0:2. I tried with the following command: route add -net 192.164.10.0/24 dev eth0:0 But when I see the routing table it says: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.164.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 The interface is set to eth0 not eth0:0 as my command says. What am I doing wrong?

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  • VSFTPD: Cannot figure this thing out...

    - by A Wizard Did It
    Alright, I've been giving this the best that I can, reading through various tutorials on google, but I cannot seem to get vsftpd running the way I want. For a short while I had it working with one account, but then that stopped and I haven't been able to get it to work since. I've since reformated and reinstall Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. I used apt-get install vsftpd and that's where I am now... I'd really appreciate if anyone could help me understand exactly how this is supposed to work... How do I add FTP accounts and set their home directory to something like /var/www/public_html?

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