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• Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

  - by Andy B

  I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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• Windows 7 sata disk not recognized after wake up from sleep state [closed]

  - by Gabber

  My windows 7 x64 PC/server worked fine until I installed a brand new seagate SATA hard disk (2 TB). My first disk was a IDE Maxtor (250 GB). I tried to use it as a secondary drive leaving the maxtor as primary and, when I put the computer in sleep state, on wake-up the SATA disk is not recognized anymore until next reboot. Now I'm trying to set it as primary disk (I copied the old HD contents with HD clone), when the computer goes in sleep state, on wake up it doesn't see the disc thus causing my system to crash. I tried the following: BIOS update (Asus M2V motherboard) but the situation worsened as the system didn't wake up from the sleep (with both my HD's) Reinstalling the drivers Bios changes Microsoft Hotfix KB977178 that seemed to address exactly my problem but gave me "The update is not applicable to your computer" message. Disabling hybrid sleep but no results.

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• Setting up dovecot on OpenBSD

  - by Jonas Byström

  I'm a *nix n00b that just installed dovecot (the selection with no ldap, mysql or pgsql) on OpenBSD 4.0 and I want to set it up for imap use, but I'm having a hard time finding documentation that I can understand. It currently running on port 143 (checked with telnet) but from there I need to do the following: I need some accounts, the once already on the system are fine if I can get those running (seemed to be some dovecot option somehow?), or just adding a few manually is ok too. Was there some setting for this in the default /etc/dovecot.conf? passdb bsdauth {} is uncommented by default... I need to create imap folders, or subfolders. How can I do that? Hopefully not, but anything else I need to do? I want to run without certification validation and no SSL/TLS, would this work by default (client-side settings)?

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• Handling UTF-8 with BOM in HTTP

  - by Alois Mahdal

  Say I have a script which at some point serves a plain text file as a content (right after "\n\n"). These files are provided by users, but I can expect they will be UTF-8. So I hard-wire Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8. But while I can teach users to save everything in UTF-8, I can't be very sure that the files will be without BOM ("\xEE\xBB\xBF"), as at least on Windows, this is not very clearly distinguished in common plain text editors and not every one of them uses the same default. So what about these files created on Windows, where they may/may not start with BOM? Should/will server or UA get rid of this debris for me? Or is it my task to prepare clean UTF-8, i.e. open each file and check whether BOM needs to be removed?

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• Is an Ethernet point to point connection without a switch real time capable?

  - by funksoulbrother

  In automation and control, it is commonly stated that ethernet can't be used as a bus because it is not real time capable due to packet collisions. If important control packets collide, they often can't keep the hard real time conditions needed for control. But what if I have a single point to point connection with Ethernet, no switch in between? To be more precise, I have an FPGA board with a giga-Ethernet port that is connected directly to my control PC. I think the benefits of giga Ethernet over CAN or USB for a p2p connection are huge, especially for high sampling rates and lots of data generation on the FPGA board. Am I correct that with a point to point connection there can't be any packet collisions and therefore a real time environment is given even with ethernet? Thanks in advance! ~fsb

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• Blackberry product.dll is missing error

  - by JosephStyons

  I have a new Blackberry 9630. I downloaded this software for it. When I click on the newly installed "Desktop Manager", I get this error: --------------------------- DesktopMgr.exe - System Error --------------------------- The program can't start because product.dll is missing from your computer. Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem. --------------------------- OK --------------------------- If I manually search for that file across my entire c:\ drive, it is not there. I am using Windows 7. What can I do to fix this problem?

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• Western Digital Mybook is creating folders I didn't create

  - by Rogue

  I have a WD MyBook which has been creating empty folders with a long string of numbers and alphabets and some shorter ones with just some numbers with a 0kb file in it Some of these can be deleted but some just stay put. It's irritating to find new ones everyday and now i have a collection of them which don't delete is there any way to delete these ? Edit: I have scanned the drive using Antivirus and AntiMalware Software so i don't think it would have a virus One solution is copying all the matter elsewhere and formatting the hard disk but there is not guarantee that these folders wont reappear.

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• Book recommendation for learning server management and Apache

  - by japancheese

  Hello, I'm currently managing a site that I feel could be optimized and utilized to be much faster, however, I'm having difficulty finding reliable information to do it. I find the Apache documentation to be a hard read, and too technical about things I don't have a strong grasp on. I'm just looking for a good beginner/intermediate book about server administration to learn as much as possible about Apache, as well as how to create a nice secure, robust server that doesn't crash at the first hint of unusual traffic surges. Thanks to anyone who can point me in the right direction.

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• ubuntu12.04 hangs at checking battery state

  - by crystalbass17

  My 12.04 system hangs at "Checking battery state". At this stage, no commands work eg: ctrl+alt+f1, alt+f5. I ran recovery mode, I ran the command sudo mount -o remount, rw sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm and gdm was the only one installed so I didn't get a GUI screen. I have an integrated graphics card "Intel Corporation Mobile 4 chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)". So I cannot install nvidia drivers as everyone else suggests. I have gone through several similar questions but everyone suggests reconfiguring gdm or reinstalling graphic drivers. I did sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade to get the latest x-swat drivers. The system still hung at the same line. The other option is to reinstall ubuntu, which is out of the question, since we have a very specific install for our project where the settings are very hard to duplicate. Suggestions/Comments welcome.

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• Add colors to gif palete gimp

  - by Tomáš Zato

  When I open a GIF file in gimp, I find it very hard to add more colours then those that are already contained in GIF palette. When I draw with different colours, GIMP is trying to use the colour from palette most approximate to the colour I'm drawing. (may result in red instead of black) This problem persist even if I save the imported GIF as XCF file (even if I create new layers in it). How do I make gimp ignore the palette? The only solution was saving (exporting) the file as some non-palete image as BMP and then importing it again. Example : After flood fill (black)

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• Boot camp with Vista crashes on startup

  - by Mark Pim

  I have a 2006 vintage MacBook Pro (Intel Core 2 Duo) and have been using Boot Camp since it was in beta. I had been running XP SP2 on it with Tiger quite happily. I've recently wiped and reinstalled everything to upgrade to Leopard. After installing Leopard, I fired up the Boot camp assistant and used it to install the Windows 7 RC. That worked really nicely, but my HFS+ driver didn't work under Windows 7 yet so I decided to install Vista instead. I didn't repartition the drive, just launched the Vista installation disk from BIOS and told it to overwrite the existing Windows 7 install. It installed fine and I installed the Boot Camp drivers, still all fine. Now, however, every time I boot into Windows and login it hard reboots itself as the desktop is appearing. After this it works fine again. Until the next power off. Has anyone had any similar problems? Or can offer suggestions on how to solve this?

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• replace set of integers with respective string values

  - by Tripz

  I have a query which return the output like -- 5,4,6 Where 1 = apple, 2 = mango, 3 = banana, 4 = plum, 5 = cherry, 6 = kiwi etc. I would like to update my output as cherry,plum,kiwi instead of 5,4,6 How can I achieve that in the same select statment. I am okay to hard code the values. Please confirm May be I did explain clearly Here is the sample SELECT fruits FROM t_fruitid where id = 7 is returning me '5,6,4' as a single row Now I want to update this single row output as 'cherry,plum,kiwi' How do I do this Thanku

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• Backup Exec backup-to-disk folder creation - Access denied

  - by ewwhite

  I'm having a difficult time creating a backup-to-disk folder in Symantec Backup Exec 12.5 and Backup Exec 2010. The backend storage is a Nexenta/ZFS-based NAS filer sharing the volume via CIFS. I've also seen the issue on other *nix-based NAS devices. I've attempted mapping the drive, providing the full paths to the folder, etc. I can browse to the share just fine from within Windows, but Backup Exec fails to create the B2D folder with different variants of a Unable to create new backup folder. Access denied error. I've attempted creating service accounts in Backup Exec to handle the authentication, but nothing seems to work. What's the key to making this work?

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• GUID Partition Table & Linux

  - by Zac

  (1) Is it true that the new GUID Partition Table scheme allows a user to partition a drive however he/she like, outside of the traditional MBR "4 primaries or 3 primaries + 1 extension" paradigm? If so, are there any limitations to the GPT? If my assumption is wrong, what are its advantages over the MBR model? (2) I'm getting a new laptop this week and will be installing Ubuntu (and, more generally, Linux) for the first time ever. Does Ubunutu come pre-configured with MBR as a default? If so, how do I get Ubuntu w/ GPT? If not, how do I specify GPT over MBR? Thanks!

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• Set Default Program for All Users on Server

  - by MattN

  I work with a large server environment that's running Windows Server 2003, 2008, and 2012 now on some boxes. We have a custom-built log viewer program that associates with two file types that I'd like to set to be the default program for all users across all boxes, so new users don't have to set the default program themselves on every box they log into. Ideally I'd like to have a simple registry script we could push out to all machines at once. I realize this likely means changing the registry entries for either HKCR or HKLM for the file extensions, but adding the program location with %1 extension to \shell\open\command value in HKLM simply opens the program and does not also load the log file. Am I just missing an open and play setting, or am I looking at this entirely wrong? (And I know the script will need to be different for 2003 and 2008, but changing the version for two scripts isn't hard) Thanks!

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• Microsoft Outlook: show multi-day appointments as boxes in calendar day and week view

  - by Bernd

  I would like to show appointments spanning several days the same way as appintments within a single day. Single day appointments are shown with a white or colored box, covering the day horizontally. Multi-day appointments are shown in the day/week header and are indicated blue or purple on the left side of a day. This happens even if a multi-day appointment is not an all-day appointment (i.e. checkbox is off) and I have a start and end time. I frequently have a hard time seeing appointment overlaps wenn acceping single day appointments. Therefore I am looking for multi-day appointments shown the same way as single day appointments. I am on Outlook 2003.

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• How to forbid programs from accessing a folder

  - by prashanth

  I use firefox as my default browser. IE and chrome are used as secondary browsers. Apart from these, i need to have a alternate browser. I tried opera, but when installing it, opera automatically imported all my bookmarks and other profile data from firefox folder. I really had a hard time safely deleting these files that opera made a copy, without harming the original files which firefox uses. I don't want this to happen. Here's the situation: Now, i want to install other browser or re install opera. How do i make the firefox profile folder to be accessed only by firefox.exe and me(the administrator)? Can this be done via security tab under folder properties?

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• How do I recover lost/inacessible data from my storage device?

  - by TomWij

  What steps can I take to try to recover lost or inaccessible data from any storage device? Answers: This applies to any main storage devices; eg. internal/external hard drive, USB stick, Flash memory. The most important thing is to STOP using it, any type of I/O can ruin your chances of a recovery. Click here in case you suspect corruption or bad sectors. Click here in case you suspect mechanical issues.

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• Get songs off of Windows iPod and onto a Mac

  - by Justing

  I have been using iTunes on a Dell running Windows XP to sync about 60 gigs of songs with my old school iPod. Well, the Dell's hard drive died the other day, and the only place that I have my music is on the iPod (I do have the CDs, but really don't want to have to re-rip 60 gigs of music). So, now I have a shiny new MacBook Pro. Is there a way to get my songs off of my iPod and onto the MacBook? I googled, and found Senuti. But, I'm leery of accidentally formating the iPod and losing my songs, and I can't tell if it is Snow Leopard compatible yet. Has anyone recently gone through this process? Please provide suggestions for copying songs from an iPod formated to work with Windows onto a MacBook Pro running Snow Leopard. Thanks!

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• Distributed, Parallel, Fault-tolerant File System

  - by Eddified

  There are so many choices that it's hard to know where to start. My requirements are these: Runs on Linux Most of the files will be between 5-9 MB in size. There will also be a significant number of small-ish jpgs (100px x 100px). All of the files need to be available over http. Redundancy -- ideally it would provide the space efficiency similar to RAID 5 of 75% (in RAID 5 this would be calculated thus: with 4 identical disks, 25% of the space is used for parity = 75% efficent) Must support several petabytes of data scalable runs on commodity hardware In addition, I look for these qualities, though they are not "requirements": Stable, mature file system Lots of momentum and support etc I would like some input as to which file system works best for the given requirements. Some people at my organization are leaning towards MogileFS, but I'm not convinced of the stability and momentum of that project. GlusterFS and Lustre, based on my limited research, appear to be better supported... Thoughts?

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• Removing partition to install OS?

  - by Shane

  So i have a computer that has 2 hard drives and i installed Ubuntu server on it. I used LVM to connect the two. So i tried to put windows back on it but it failed because it said it couldn't position the drive and then when i booted again the OS couldn't be found. So i booted it with the Ubuntu setup disc but now when it goes to partition it says that the position can not be modified because its already in use. I am asking if there is a way i can just remove everything and start fresh?

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• Is a ext3 Linux filesystem byte order independent

  - by Lothar

  I have a good old HP-C3700 Workstation with PA-RISC CPU here that I would like to use as a subversion server for a very large repository. I just worry what happens if the workstation dies (everybody who knows this computer knows that it is running like an Abrams tank and unlikely to happen in the next decade). I'm using Debian Linux on this system. If the mainboard dies can I just plug the SCSI drive into a PC and read the files from a normal Intel Linux PC? Which software RAID levels would be safe?

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• Why Standards Place Limits on Data Transfer Rates?

  - by Mehrdad

  This is a rather general question about hardware and standards in general: Why do they place limits on data transfer rates, and disallow manufacturers from exceeding those rates? (E.g. 100 Mbit/s for Wireless G, 150 Mbit/s for Wireless N, ...) Why not allow for some sort of handshake protocol, whereby the devices being connected agree upon the maximum throughput that they each support, and use that value instead? Why does there have to be a hard-coded limit, which would require a new standard for every single improvement to a data rate?

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• install grub on disk image

  - by Dima

  I have disk image with 2 partitions: Partition 1 has cramfs file system (read only). This partition contains all system files of the OS Partition 2 has ext3 file system. This partition has only configuration files that may be changed. How can I install GRUB1 boot loader on MBR. I tried to copy first 446 bytes of my hard disk and copy GRUB files to the /boot directory on the 1st (cramfs) partition. I cannot use grub-install because I have disk image and not disk itself. Any ideas?

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• Easy File Locker Locked My Desktop

  - by user20358

  I'm happy with easy file locker, it does as promised. Last night I decided to lock all my files. C:users/Barry Some how my desktop is locked. When I closed EFL my desktop went black. Safe mode is still black. Help Below are my spec's eMachines ET1161-03 CPU: Athlon 64 X2 4400+; CPU speed: 2300GHz; Graphics adapter: nVidia GeForce 6150SE; Monitor: No; Hard drive size: 320GB; WorldBench rating: Fair

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