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  • Where do vendors publish internal transfer rates of HDDs?

    - by red888
    So I've started to dig into storage fundamentals and found that in order to calculate the IOPS of a HDD you need to know the internal transfer rate of the drive (time it takes data to move from the platters to internal disk's cache). I went on newegg and even a few vendor sites and could not find this info published for any HDDs. Is it sometimes called something else? Take this link to a seagate HDD for instance. Nowhere do I see "internal transfer rate", but I do see something called "Sustained Data Rate OD"- is that the same thing? Just so you know where I'm getting this info (Book: "Information Storage and Management Storing, Managing..."): Consider an example with the following specifications provided for a disk: The average seek time is 5 ms in a random I/O environment; therefore, T = 5 ms. Disk rotation speed of 15,000 revolutions per minute or 250 revolutions per second — from which rotational latency (L) can be determined, which is one-half of the time taken for a full rotation or L = (0.5/250 rps expressed in ms). 40 MB/s internal data transfer rate, from which the internal transfer time (X) is derived based on the block size of the I/O — for example, an I/O with a block size of 32 KB; therefore X = 32 KB/40 MB. Consequently, the time taken by the I/O controller to serve an I/O of block size 32 KB is (TS) = 5 ms + (0.5/250) + 32 KB/40 MB = 7.8 ms. Therefore, the maximum number of I/Os serviced per second or IOPS is (1/TS) = 1/(7.8 × 10^-3) = 128 IOPS.

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  • no A record show in the answer section in dig results

    - by eric low
    To check the record for the domain, run dig with domain name as the parameter. dig example.com any I get the below result. Why there is no A record show in the result. What did i do wrong during the setup. Please advice what suppose to look into it. Hope everyone can help me to resolve the case asap. ; <<>> DiG 9.9.3-P2 <<>> example.com any ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 44674 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;example.com. IN ANY ;; ANSWER SECTION: example.com. 3489 IN MX 100 biz.mail.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns1.domain.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns2.domain.com. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: example.com. 3482 IN NS ns2.domain.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns1.domain.com. ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: xxx.252.xxx.xxx#53(xxx.252.xxx.xxx) ;; WHEN: Wed Oct 30 04:48:34 CDT 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 349

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  • How to change mount to grant user write permissions?

    - by nals
    I am on TomatoUSB, and using the feature to have a NAS. The only way I can write to the Samba share is if I force root: [global] interfaces = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1.1/24 bind interfaces only = no workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = TOMATO security = share wins support = yes name resolve order = wins lmhosts hosts bcast guest account = nobody [Public] path = /mnt/sda2 read only = no public = yes only guest = yes guest ok = yes browseable = yes comment = Network share force user = root writeable = yes I dont really like the idea having to use root to allow write access to my share. I have a samba account created already named nobody to allow access to the share. However every time I try to write I get access denied error. fstab: /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2 vfat defaults 0 0 Further more every time I try to chmod 777 /tmp/mnt/sda2 the permissions are not changed, and no error is produced. They stay 755. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 4 01:49 sda2 Basically; how can I give the user nobody write permissions to my mount? dev name: /dev/sda2 dev mount: /tmp/mnt/sda2

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  • How to completely disable IPv6 for loopback interface on RHEL 5.6

    - by Marc D
    I've done lots of research on how to disable IPv6 on RedHat Linux and I have it almost completely disabled. However the loopback interface is still getting an inet6 loopback address (::1/128). I can't find where IPV6 is still enabled for loopback. To disable IPV6 I added the following settings to /etc/sysctl.conf: net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 And also added the following line to /etc/sysconfig/network: NETWORKING_IPV6=no After rebooting, the inet6 address is gone from my physical interface (eth0), but is still there for lo: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.x.x.x/21 brd 10.x.x.x scope global eth0 If I manually remove the IPV6 address from loopback and then bounce the interface, it comes back: # ip addr del ::1/128 dev lo # ip addr show lo 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo # ip link set lo down # ip link set lo up # ip addr show lo 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever I believe IPV6 should be disabled at the kernel level as confirmed by sysctl: # sysctl net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1 Any ideas on what else would cause the loopback interface to get an IPV6 address?

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  • Isolating Apache virtualhosts from the rest of the system

    - by JesperB
    I am setting up a web server that will host a number of different web sites as Apache VirtualHosts, each of these will have the possibility to run scripts (primarily PHP, possiblu others). My question is how I isolate each of these VirtualHosts from eachother and from the rest of the system? I don't want e.g. website X to read the configuration of website Y or any of the server's "private" files. At the moment I have set up the VirtualHosts with FastCGI, PHP and SUExec as described here (http://x10hosting.com/forums/vps-tutorials/148894-debian-apache-2-2-fastcgi-php-5-suexec-easy-way.html), but the SUExec only prevents users from editing/executing files other than their own - the users can still read sensitive information such as config files. I have thought about removing the UNIX global read permission for all files on the server, as this would fix the above problem, but I'm not sure if I can safely do this without disrupting the server function. I also looked into using chroot, but it seems that this can only be done on a per-server basis, and not on a per-virtual-host basis. I'm looking for any suggestions that will isolate my VirtualHosts from the rest of the system. PS I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 server

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  • Using wildcard domains to serve images without http blocking

    - by iopener
    I read that browsers sometimes block waiting for multiple images from the same host, and I'm trying to do everything I can to speed up page load times. One caveat: I need to serve files over HTTPS. Any opinions about whether this is feasible: Setup a wildcard cert for *.domain.com. Whenever I need an image, generate an number based on a hash mod 5 of the filename, and append it to an 'img' subdomain (eg img1.domain.com, img4.domain.com, img3.domain.com, etc.); the hash will make any filename always use the same subdomain, and therefore the browser should be able to cache the images Configure a dynamic virtualhost record to point all img#. subdomains to /var/www/img I am looking for feedback about this plan. My concerns are: Will I get warnings when my page has https:// links to multiple subdomains? Is the dynamic virtualhost record I'm talking about even possible? Considering the amount of processing this would require, is it likely to even produce any kind of overall benefit? I'm probably averaging a half-dozen images per page, with only half being changed on each page refresh. Thanks in advance for you feedback.

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  • Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

    - by Tommy
    I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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  • Samba access works with IP address only

    - by Sebastian Rittau
    I added a Debian etch host (hostname: webserver, IP address: 192.168.101.2) running Samba to a Windows network with a Windows 2003 PDC (IP address 192.168.101.3). The Samba server exports a public guest share, called "Intranet". The server shows up fine in the network, but trying to click on it produces an error dialog, stating I don't have the necessary permissions. So does entering \webserver manually and using \webserver\internet states that the path does not exist. Interestingly, accessing the share by IP address (\192.168.101.2 or \192.168.101.2\intranet) works fine. DNS is configured correctly, and "smbclient //webserver/intranet" on another Linux client works fine. One complicating issue is that the webserver is only a VMware virtual machine running on PDC server. Here is our smb.conf: [global] workgroup = Foobar server string = Webserver wins support = yes ; commenting out these wins server = 192.168.101.3 ; two lines has no effect dns proxy = no guest account = nobody [... snipped some unrelated bits, like logging ...] security = share [... snipped some password-related things ...] domain master = no [intranet] comment = Intranet path = /srv/webserver/contents browseable = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes read only = yes create mask = 0775 directory mask = 0775

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  • Nginx deny doesn't work for folder files

    - by user195191
    I'm trying to restrict access to my site to allow only specific IPs and I've got the following problem: when I access www.example.com deny works perfectly, but when I try to access www.example.com/index.php it returns "Access denied" page AND php file is downloaded directly in browser without processing. I do want to deny access to all the files on the website for all IPs but mine. How should I do that? Here's the config I have: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example; location / { index index.html index.php; ## Allow a static html file to be shown first try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; ## If missing pass the URI to front handler expires 30d; ## Assume all files are cachable allow my.public.ip; deny all; } location @handler { ## Common front handler rewrite / /index.php; } location ~ .php/ { ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } location ~ .php$ { ## Execute PHP scripts if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite / /index.php last; } ## Catch 404s that try_files miss expires off; ## Do not cache dynamic content fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001; fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; ## See /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params } }

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  • JBoss https on port other than 8080 not working

    - by MilindaD
    We have a server with two JBoss instances where one runs on 8080, the other on 8081. We need to have HTTPS enabled for the 8081 server, firstly we tried enabling https on the 8080 port instance by generating the keystore and editing the server.xml and it successfully worked. However when we tried the same thing for 8081 it did not, note that we removed https for the 8080 server first before enabling it for 8081. This is what was used for both server.xml for 8080 and 8081. The only difference was that the port was changed from 8080 to 8081 when trying to enable https for 8081 port instance. What am I doing wrong and what needs to be changed? NOTE : When I meant enabled for 8080 I meant when you visit https:// URL:8484 you will actually be visiting the 8080 port instance. However when ssl is enabled for 8081 and I visit https:// URL:8484 I get that the web page is unavailable. COMMENTLESS VERSION <Server> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Service name="jboss.web"> <!-- https --> <Connector port="8080" address="${jboss.bind.address}" maxThreads="350" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" emptySessionPath="true" protocol="HTTP/1.1" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" compression="on" ompressableMimeType="text/html,text/css,text/javascript,application/json,text/xml,text/plain,application/x-javascript,application/javascript"/> <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" address="${jboss.bind.address}" keystoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" keystorePass="aaaaaa" truststoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" truststorePass="aaaaaa" /> <!-- https1 --> <Connector port="8009" address="${jboss.bind.address}" protocol="AJP/1.3" emptySessionPath="true" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="jboss.web" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="khms1"> <Realm className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JBossSecurityMgrRealm" certificatePrincipal="org.jboss.security.auth.certs.SubjectDNMapping" allRolesMode="authOnly" /> <Host name="localhost" autoDeploy="false" deployOnStartup="false" deployXML="false" configClass="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.config.JBossContextConfig" > <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.sso.ClusteredSingleSignOn" /> <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.jca.CachedConnectionValve" cachedConnectionManagerObjectName="jboss.jca:service=CachedConnectionManager" transactionManagerObjectName="jboss:service=TransactionManager" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> WITH COMMENTS VERSION <Server> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <!-- Use a custom version of StandardService that allows the connectors to be started independent of the normal lifecycle start to allow web apps to be deployed before starting the connectors. --> <Service name="jboss.web"> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking) Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="8080" address="${jboss.bind.address}" maxThreads="350" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" emptySessionPath="true" protocol="HTTP/1.1" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" compression="on" ompressableMimeType="text/html,text/css,text/javascript,application/json,text/xml,text/plain,application/x-javascript,application/javascript"/> <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration described in the APR documentation --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" keystoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/zara.keystore" keystorePass="zara2010" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" compression="on" /> --> <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" address="${jboss.bind.address}" keystoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" keystorePass="aaaaaa" truststoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" truststorePass="aaaaaa" /> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8009" address="${jboss.bind.address}" protocol="AJP/1.3" emptySessionPath="true" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="jboss.web" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="khms1"> <!-- The JAAS based authentication and authorization realm implementation that is compatible with the jboss 3.2.x realm implementation. - certificatePrincipal : the class name of the org.jboss.security.auth.certs.CertificatePrincipal impl used for mapping X509[] cert chains to a Princpal. - allRolesMode : how to handle an auth-constraint with a role-name=*, one of strict, authOnly, strictAuthOnly + strict = Use the strict servlet spec interpretation which requires that the user have one of the web-app/security-role/role-name + authOnly = Allow any authenticated user + strictAuthOnly = Allow any authenticated user only if there are no web-app/security-roles --> <Realm className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JBossSecurityMgrRealm" certificatePrincipal="org.jboss.security.auth.certs.SubjectDNMapping" allRolesMode="authOnly" /> <!-- A subclass of JBossSecurityMgrRealm that uses the authentication behavior of JBossSecurityMgrRealm, but overrides the authorization checks to use JACC permissions with the current java.security.Policy to determine authorized access. - allRolesMode : how to handle an auth-constraint with a role-name=*, one of strict, authOnly, strictAuthOnly + strict = Use the strict servlet spec interpretation which requires that the user have one of the web-app/security-role/role-name + authOnly = Allow any authenticated user + strictAuthOnly = Allow any authenticated user only if there are no web-app/security-roles <Realm className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JaccAuthorizationRealm" certificatePrincipal="org.jboss.security.auth.certs.SubjectDNMapping" allRolesMode="authOnly" /> --> <Host name="localhost" autoDeploy="false" deployOnStartup="false" deployXML="false" configClass="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.config.JBossContextConfig" > <!-- Uncomment to enable request dumper. This Valve "logs interesting contents from the specified Request (before processing) and the corresponding Response (after processing). It is especially useful in debugging problems related to headers and cookies." --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve" /> --> <!-- Access logger --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".log" pattern="common" directory="${jboss.server.log.dir}" resolveHosts="false" /> --> <!-- Uncomment to enable single sign-on across web apps deployed to this host. Does not provide SSO across a cluster. If this valve is used, do not use the JBoss ClusteredSingleSignOn valve shown below. A new configuration attribute is available beginning with release 4.0.4: cookieDomain configures the domain to which the SSO cookie will be scoped (i.e. the set of hosts to which the cookie will be presented). By default the cookie is scoped to "/", meaning the host that presented it. Set cookieDomain to a wider domain (e.g. "xyz.com") to allow an SSO to span more than one hostname. --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Uncomment to enable single sign-on across web apps deployed to this host AND to all other hosts in the cluster. If this valve is used, do not use the standard Tomcat SingleSignOn valve shown above. Valve uses a JBossCache instance to support SSO credential caching and replication across the cluster. The JBossCache instance must be configured separately. By default, the valve shares a JBossCache with the service that supports HttpSession replication. See the "jboss-web-cluster-service.xml" file in the server/all/deploy directory for cache configuration details. Besides the attributes supported by the standard Tomcat SingleSignOn valve (see the Tomcat docs), this version also supports the following attributes: cookieDomain see above treeCacheName JMX ObjectName of the JBossCache MBean used to support credential caching and replication across the cluster. If not set, the default value is "jboss.cache:service=TomcatClusteringCache", the standard ObjectName of the JBossCache MBean used to support session replication. --> <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.sso.ClusteredSingleSignOn" /> <!-- Check for unclosed connections and transaction terminated checks in servlets/jsps. Important: The dependency on the CachedConnectionManager in META-INF/jboss-service.xml must be uncommented, too --> <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.jca.CachedConnectionValve" cachedConnectionManagerObjectName="jboss.jca:service=CachedConnectionManager" transactionManagerObjectName="jboss:service=TransactionManager" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>

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  • Are there any viable DNS or LDAP alternatives for distributed key/value storage and retrieval?

    - by makerofthings7
    I'm working on a software app that needs distributed decentralized name resolution, and isn't bound to TCP/IP. Or more precisely, I need to store a "key" and look up it's value, and the key may be a string, a number, or any other realistic data type. Examples: With a phone number, look up a name. (or with an area code, redirect to the server that handles that exchange) With an IP Address get a DNS name, or a Whois contact (string value) With a string, get an IP, ( like a DNS TXT or SRV record). I'm thinking out of the box here and looking for any software that allows for this. (more info below) Are there any secure, scalable DNS alternatives that have gained notoriety? I could ask on StackOverflow, but think the infrastructure groups would have better insight on this. Edit More info: I'm looking at "Namecoin" the DNS version of Bitcoin, and since that project is faltering, I'm looking at alternative ways to store name-value pairs, with an optional qualifier. I think a name value pair is of global interest is useful, but on a limited scale. Namecoin tried to be too much, and ended up becoming nothing. I'm trying to solve that problem in researching alternatives and applying distributed technologies where applicable. Bitcoin/Namecoin offers a Distributed Hash Table, which has some positive aspects, but not useful for DNS, except for root servers.

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  • Writing xml with powershell

    - by alex
    i have a script that get all the info i need about my SharePoint farm : [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SharePoint") > $null $farm = [Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPFarm]::Local $websvcs = $farm.Services | where -FilterScript {$_.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPWebService]} $webapps = @() foreach ($websvc in $websvcs) { write-output "Web Applications" write-output "" foreach ($webapp in $websvc.WebApplications) { write-output "Webapp Name -->"$webapp.Name write-output "" write-output "Site Collections" write-output "" foreach ($site in $webapp.Sites) { write-output "Site URL --> -->" $site.URL write-output "" write-output "Websites" write-output "" foreach ($web in $site.AllWebs) { write-output "Web URL --> --> -->" $web.URL write-output "" write-output "Lists" write-output "" foreach ($list in $web.Lists) { write-output "List Title --> --> --> -->" $list.Title write-output "" } foreach ($group in $web.Groups) { write-output "Group Name --> --> --> -->" $group.Name write-output "" foreach ($user in $group.Users) { write-output "User Name --> --> --> -->" $user.Name write-output "" } } } } } } i want to make the output to an XML file and then connect the xml file to HTML and make a site of it for manager use how can i do it ? thanks for the help !

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  • Slow browsing through IE on Windows Server 2012

    - by Volodymyr
    We've run into strange issue on the freshly installed servers. H/W: IBM server X3550 M4 7914; OS: Windows Server 2012 Std. Then we try to browse on the servers thru IE, not all sites are opened or it takes too long time to open the page, i.e. very few of them can be opened. Local FW are disabled. Servers are in a new subnet and traffic is allowed for it. VLAN is configured properly Another Windows Server 2012 host is running OK and Internet access works fine, but it is VM running on Hyper-V 2012. No proxy is used on the network. At the same time, if one tries to establish telnet session to any site on 80/443 ports - it does work. Google works as well. I've tried to configure single Qlogic adapter to check if the issue remains - it does. Teaming is configured with the means of QLogic, not by built-in functionality. IE Enhanced Security is disabled. IE settings were reset, more than once. Why would certain sites work while others not - Idk. I also tried to disable ecncapability and restart server - no luck netsh int tcp set global ecncapability=disabled Any thoughts? UPD1 VMQ is disabled. Servers are not running Hyper-V. UPD2 Servers were rebuilt from scratch, got a mail a few mins ago. Issue still remains. Teaming is now configured with the means of Windows Server 2012.

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  • Amazon EC2: Instances, IPs and a wordpress blog (LAMP)

    - by JustinXXVII
    I had a link to my blog posted on Reddit yesterday and MySQL crashed on my EC2 Micro instance. I know I didn't have that many visitors because I used a marketing link that tracks hits. The link got 167 hits over the course of the last 18 hours, and MySQL crashed twice. So anyway, 167 visits is not a lot, so I've done some short term optimizations like restricting the number of Apache threads to limit the MySQL calls. I also set up WP Super Cache to serve static content. Soon I'm going to offload all of my images to S3 or CloudFront. So this leads me to my question. If this doesn't seem to help, and if i have another traffic "spike", how do AMIs work when you have a MySQL database? I think I understand that if you have more than one instance and assign the same Elastic IP to both of them, the incoming traffic gets distributed among both. But what happens when the MySQL database gets updated on one of the instances? I just need to wrap my mind around what happens when I create an AMI and then launch a new instance to help with traffic. Thanks for your suggestions.

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  • Glassfish v3 failure when startup. "Cannot allocate memory "

    - by Shisoft
    It is clear in this Question Fail to start Glassfish 3.1: java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory But in my case,I have a 512M memory Ubuntu 10.04 vps.It seems that I don't need to change any configure.But when start the server,I got this exception VM failed to start: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/bin/java" (in directory "/home/glassfish/glassfish/domains/domain1/config"): java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory So,I set <jvm-options>-Xmx512</jvm-options> to <jvm-options>-Xmx400</jvm-options> The exception remains.What did I do something wrong? result of free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 512 43 468 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 43 468 Swap: 0 0 0 result of cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 146049: kmemsize 2670652 5385253 51200000 51200000 0 lockedpages 0 8 2048 2048 0 privvmpages 11134 134522 131200 262200 4 shmpages 648 1352 128000 128000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numproc 12 73 500 500 0 physpages 6519 28162 0 200000000 0 vmguarpages 0 0 512000 512000 0 oomguarpages 6527 28169 512000 512000 0 numtcpsock 4 14 4096 4096 0 numflock 0 5 2048 2048 0 numpty 1 2 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 3 1024 1024 0 tcpsndbuf 159600 265744 20480000 20480000 0 tcprcvbuf 65536 3590352 20480000 20480000 0 othersockbuf 44232 90640 20480000 20480000 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 12848 10240000 10240000 0 numothersock 22 31 2048 2048 0 dcachesize 0 0 10240000 10240000 0 numfile 1002 1474 50000 50000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 24 24 2048 2048 0 Thanks

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  • High memory utilization with firebird + windows server 2008 r2

    - by chesterman
    i have a Windows Server 2008 R2 (64bit) running a 64bit installation of Firebird 2.1.4.18393_0 in a 4GB phisical server. After a while, the task manager show that all memory is used, but the sum of the memory of all process does not stack to the half of the memory. Unfortunally, it's start swapping. Using RAMMAP, i can see that my entire database file is mapped into the memory. This only occours in windows server 2008 r2 and windows 7 64 bit. i can use firebird 32 or 64bit installations, doesn't matter. How can i prevent this? Why this only occours in w2k8r2 and w7? tks in advance ** UPDATE Aparently, this occours by the use of all memory by the file system cache. The microsoft documentations explain that this WAS a issue in windows xp, 2k3, vista and 2k8, but it was solved in 7 and 2k8r2. also adds that this issue is more common in 64bit hosts. (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/976618) there are some tools (DynCache, setcache and the Get/SetSystemFileCacheSize system calls from windows API) that allows me to fix a upper limit to the memory usage by the fscache, but the documentation argues that i should not do this in w2k8r2 because it will severely impact on the overall system performance. anyway, i tried, the performance remained the same shit and the use of the page file remained, although there is now more the 1gb of free memory.

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  • Distributed storage and computing

    - by Tim van Elteren
    Dear Serverfault community, After researching a number of distributed file systems for deployment in a production environment with the main purpose of performing both batch and real-time distributed computing I've identified the following list as potential candidates, mainly on maturity, license and support: Ceph Lustre GlusterFS HDFS FhGFS MooseFS XtreemFS The key properties that our system should exhibit: an open source, liberally licensed, yet production ready, e.g. a mature, reliable, community and commercially supported solution; ability to run on commodity hardware, preferably be designed for it; provide high availability of the data with the most focus on reads; high scalability, so operation over multiple data centres, possibly on a global scale; removal of single points of failure with the use of replication and distribution of (meta-)data, e.g. provide fault-tolerance. The sensitivity points that were identified, and resulted in the following questions, are: transparency to the processing layer / application with respect to data locality, e.g. know where data is physically located on a server level, mainly for resource allocation and fast processing, high performance, how can this be accomplished? Do you from experience know what solutions provide this transparency and to what extent? posix compliance, or conformance, is mentioned on the wiki pages of most of the above listed solutions. The question here mainly is, how relevant is support for the posix standard? Hadoop for example isn't posix compliant by design, what are the pro's and con's? what about the difference between synchronous and asynchronous opeartion of a distributed file system. Though a synchronous distributed file system has the preference because of reliability it also imposes certain limitations with respect to scalability. What would be, from your expertise, the way to go on this? I'm looking forward to your replies. Thanks in advance! :) With kind regards, Tim van Elteren

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  • 3 simple questions about file permissions

    - by Camran
    1- Wonder, is this a good setup of permissions in the /var directory? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-05-30 03:34 backups drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 cache drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 lib drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 local drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 60 2010-06-02 03:34 lock drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 2010-06-02 03:34 log drwxrwsr-x 2 root man 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 mail drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 opt drwxrwxrwt 12 root root 420 2010-06-02 12:12 run drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:37 spool drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 tmp drwxr-xr-x 14 user root 4096 2010-05-30 22:21 www 2- Could you give me a brief explanation of the columns above? First one is which permissions they have. Second is a nr. Third and fourth says "root root" for example. fifth is another nr (4096 for example). and the others are obvious. 3- Could you give me a brief explanation of the folders above? Especially the "lock" and "tmp" folders. Lock contains an apache2 folder which seems empty. Thanks

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  • IBM BladeCenter S: Disk Configuration

    - by gravyface
    Have just the one storage bay right now (SAS 15K 600GB x 6) and have configured one storage pool in RAID 10 with 4 disks (and two global spares). For each blade, I've created a volume and mapped accordingly: Blade #1 400 GB Blade #2 200 GB Blade #3 100 GB Blade #4 100 GB When I boot up Blade 1 and enter into the UEFI Setup (F1) followed by the Adapters and UEFI Drivers LSI Logic Fusion MPT SAS Driver Utility, I see 4 disks: two are the on-board 73GB drives, the other two are 200GB each and assume I'm being presented with two logical disks from the volume I created and mapped to this blade. I was a bit surprised by this: I figured I would've been presented with one logical drive per volume, not two. I'm assuming I can just configure whatever RAID level I wish that supports two disks, but not really sure what the benefits/trade-offs here. Should I go with RAID 10 on top of RAID 10? RAID 0? Software RAID 0/1/10? Does it even matter? If this is "normal" to see two disks, then I'm going to likely just do some benchmarking and see if it makes a difference changing the RAID levels (my guess is no); if this is not normal, well, please let me know. :)

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  • What is the reason for this DNSSEC validation failure of dnsviz.net?

    - by grifferz
    On trying to resolve dnsviz.net from a host using an Unbound resolver that is configured to use DNSSEC validation, the result is "no servers could be reached": $ dig -t soa dnsviz.net ; <<>> DiG 9.6-ESV-R4 <<>> -t soa dnsviz.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached Nothing is logged by Unbound to suggest why this is the case. Here is the /etc/unbound/unbound.conf: server: verbosity: 1 interface: 192.168.0.8 interface: 127.0.0.1 interface: ::0 access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 refuse access-control: ::0/0 refuse access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow_snoop access-control: 192.168.0.0/16 allow_snoop chroot: "" auto-trust-anchor-file: "/etc/unbound/root.key" val-log-level: 2 python: remote-control: control-enable: yes If I add: module-config: "iterator" (thus disabling DNSSEC validation) then I am able to resolve this host normally. The domain and its DNSSEC check out fine according to http://dnscheck.iis.se/ so there must be something wrong with my resolver configuration. What is it and how do I go about debugging that?

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  • How to have PHP and mod_wsgi python app on the same domain?

    - by Lazik
    I am using apache with mod_wsgi (python3) on ubuntu 12.04. I have a python app (bottle) which is at www.mysite.com/ In my python app I have routes like www.mysite.com/abbb?q=blab I would like a path www.mysite.com/forum to resolve to a php app (simple machine forums) Ideally I would like to use apache to handle the forum part and pass it to php (instead of coding it in the python app). Don't know if it's possible. I'm new to this, I have read https://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/ConfigurationGuidelines#The_Apache_Alias_Directive but I don't understand how to use it. Here is my apache conf for the mod_wsgi app, I don't know how to specify the PHP portion. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.ex.com ServerAlias ex.com *.ex.com RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [R=301,L] WSGIDaemonProcess ex user=www-data group=www-data processes=1 threads=5 WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/vhosts/ex/app.wsgi <Directory /var/www/vhosts/ex> WSGIProcessGroup ex WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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  • Computing Number of Bits in Public Key

    - by eb80
    I am working with DKIM and trying to compute the public key size of some DKIM signatures. I know from tools that Gmail's is now 2048, but how could I have figured this out myself (i.e., what exact Linux commands and why)? user@host$ dig txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52228 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. IN TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. 300 IN TXT "k=rsa\; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1Kd87/UeJjenpabgbFwh+eBCsSTrqmwIYYvywlbhbqoo2DymndFkbjOVIPIldNs/m40KF+yzMn1skyoxcTUGCQs8g3FgD2Ap3ZB5DekAo5wMmk4wimDO+U8QzI3SD0" "7y2+07wlNWwIt8svnxgdxGkVbbhzY8i+RQ9DpSVpPbF7ykQxtKXkv/ahW3KjViiAH+ghvvIhkx4xYSIc9oSwVmAl5OctMEeWUwg8Istjqz8BZeTWbf41fbNhte7Y+YqZOwq1Sd0DbvYAD9NOZK9vlfuac0598HY+vtSBczUiKERHv1yRbcaQtZFh5wtiRrN04BLUTD21MycBX5jYchHjPY/wIDAQAB" ;; Query time: 262 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Nov 19 10:52:06 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 462

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  • Samba share will not connect (was working yesterday)

    - by David Gard
    I have a CentOS websver with a Samba share set up (\\webserver\websites). I was connected to this share just yesterday without issue, but today my Windows 8 PC will not connect to it. I've also tried making a connection from Windows 7 and Windows XP, all without success. I initially tried restarting my computer, but that did not work. I then tried restarting the Samba service on the webserver (service smb restart), and when that failed I restarted the webserver. All of that was to no avail, and I still cannot connect to the share. The webserver is contactable from my PC (and the others I tried), as the websites it hosts work fine and I'm able to Putty to the server. When connected to the webserver, I can see that Samba is running by using service smb status - service smb status smbd (pid 4685) is running... nmbd (pid 4688) is running... Can anyone please help me to get this share working? Here is my full Samba config (/etc/samba/smb.conf) - [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server %v log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 local master = no [websites] comment = Websites browseable = yes writable = yes path=/var/www/html/ valid users = dgard

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  • bind9 - forwarders are not working

    - by Sarp Kaya
    I am experiencing an issue with bind. If i want to resolve any domain name that is on the zone file. It works fine. However, when I try to resolve anything that does not belong to the zone file. I know that actual DNS servers that are being forwarded are working fine. But somehow bind9 fails to use them. The content of /etc/bind/named.conf.options is: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; forwarders { 131.181.127.32; 131.181.59.48; }; dnssec-validation auto; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; I have also tried to use only one ip address and it still did not work. also the content of /etc/bind/named.conf is: include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; So there is no problem with including options file. Any recommendations for fixing this problem?

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  • SSD suddenly full

    - by Daniel
    Today the hard drive of our server was suddenly full. The disk usage always stayed around 50 % in the weeks and months before (old data is regularly expunged from the server). I deleted 10 GB of files in /tmp, which strangely freed 51 GB. Here is what I did: root@***:~# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 137G 0 100% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot root@***:/var# du -hs * 3,3M backups 438M cache 9,4G lib 4,0K local 12K lock 76M log 24K mail 4,0K opt 88K run 184K spool 10G tmp 12K www root@***:/var/tmp# find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm root@***:/var/tmp# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 81G 51G 62% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot Any explanation as to why deleting 10 GB in /tmp gave me back 51 GB on the disk? Could this point to an SSD failure? Are there any tools for Debian to test SSD health? I already have checked syslog. The first entry relating to this incidient is a mysql message: 1:22:02 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Disk is full writing... So I have absolutely no idea what caused this.

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