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  • Script to Copy User according to UID

    - by bradlis7
    I'm looking for a way to copy all non-system users from one PC to another. I can get the group and passwd files copied over using this awk -F":" ' $3 > 499 ' etc/passwd >> /etc/passwd awk -F":" ' $3 > 499 ' etc/group >> /etc/group But, how would I go about getting the shadow file copied over since it does not store the UID? Assume that there are over 1000 users, so doing a grep with the usernames, such as egrep '(bob|bill|sarah|sal):' etc/shadow >> /etc/shadow generating the usernames from the awk code above, would be a bit inefficient, but a possible option.

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  • write system call to file desciptor ZERO

    - by shadyabhi
    int main ( ) { char C[] = "Hello World"; write(0,C,sizeof(C)); return 0; } In the above program, I am writing to File descriptor ZERO which I suppose by default is STDIN.. Then why I am I getting output at STDOUT? shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ ./a.out Hello Worldshadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$

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  • Dynamic loading of shared objects using dlopen()

    - by Andy
    Hi, I'm working on a plain X11 app. By default, my app only requires libX11.so and the standard gcc C and math libs. My app has also support for extensions like Xfixes and Xrender and the ALSA sound system. But this feature shall be made optional, i.e. if Xfixes/Xrender/ALSA is installed on the host system, my app will offer extended functionality. If Xfixes or Xrender or ALSA is not there, my app will still run but some functionality will not be available. To achieve this behaviour, I'm not linking dynamically against -lXfixes, -lXrender and -lasound. Instead, I'm opening these libraries manually using dlopen(). By doing it this way, I can be sure that my app won't fail in case one of these optional components is not present. Now to my question: What library names should I use when calling dlopen()? I've seen that these differ from distro to distro. For example, on openSUSE 11, they're named the following: libXfixes.so libXrender.so libasound.so On Ubuntu, however, the names have a version number attached, like this: libXfixes.so.3 libXrender.so.1 libasound.so.2 So trying to open "libXfixes.so" would fail on Ubuntu, although the lib is obviously there. It just has a version number attached. So how should my app handle this? Should I let my app scan /usr/lib/ first manually to see which libs we have and then choose an appropriate one? Or does anyone have a better idea? Thanks guys, Andy

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  • Formatting with echo command

    - by johannix
    The actual situation is a bit complicated, but the issue I'm running into is that I have an echo command within an eval command. Like so: $ eval echo 'keep my spacing' keep my spacing $ echo 'keep my spacing' keep my spacing I was wondering how I could keep eval from stripping my spacing so that the first command prints out the same message as the second...

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  • Shell script to copy files

    - by Hulk
    If there exist a directory, /backup/ And the files in it are a.gz b.gz c.gz And another directory /backup-directorybackup And the files in it are a.gz I need a shells script to compare two directories if the files are present then ignore it and if the filesare not present copy it to the destination directory Thanks..

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  • Implementing Communication Protocols on CC2420 motes powered by TinyOS

    - by stanigator
    I would like to load TinyOS on CC2420 radio motes to operate on certain communication protocols (e.g. epidemic routing, probabilistic routing, etc.). However, I have no prior experience in programming motes to perform the protocols I want. I'm just wondering about the most applicable resources for reference and how difficult (if not impossible) was implementing such mentioned protocols. It would be great to hear from you. Thanks in advance!

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  • GTK+ Compile Error

    - by Alon
    When trying to compile GTK+ with target for DirectFB, it throws: configure: error: conditional "XINPUT_NONE" was never defined. Usually this means the macro was only invoked conditionally. Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • How should I protect against hard link attacks?

    - by Thomas
    I want to append data to a file in /tmp. If the file doesn't exist I want to create it I don't care if someone else owns the file. The data is not secret. I do not want someone to be able to race-condition this into writing somewhere else, or to another file. What is the best way to do this? Here's my thought: fd = open("/tmp/some-benchmark-data.txt", O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_WRONLY, 0644); fstat(fd, &st); if (st.st_nlink != 1) { HARD LINK ATTACK! } What's the right way? Besides not using a world-writable directory.

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  • MySQL Locking Up

    - by Ian
    I've got a innodb table that gets a lot of reads and almost no writes (like, 1 write for every 400,000 reads approx). I'm running into a pretty big problem though when I do INSERT into the table. MySQL completely locks up. It uses 100% cpu, and every single other table (in other databases even) have their statuses set to "Locked" until the INSERT is done. This is a big problem because MySQL stays locked up for up to 4 minutes. I'm using version 5.1.47 (rpm from mysql.com). Any ideas?

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  • log4bash: Cannot find a way to add MaxBackupIndex to this logger implementation

    - by Syffys
    I have been trying to modify this log4bash implementation but I cannot manage to make it work. Here's a sample: #!/bin/bash TRUE=1 FALSE=0 ############### Added for testing log4bash_LOG_ENABLED=$TRUE log4bash_rootLogger=$TRACE,f,s log4bash_appender_f=file log4bash_appender_f_dir=$(pwd) log4bash_appender_f_file=test.log log4bash_appender_f_roll_format=%Y%m log4bash_appender_f_roll=$TRUE log4bash_appender_f_maxBackupIndex=10 #################################### log4bash_abs(){ if [ "${1:0:1}" == "." ]; then builtin echo ${rootDir}/${1} else builtin echo ${1} fi } log4bash_check_app_dir(){ if [ "$log4bash_LOG_ENABLED" -eq $TRUE ]; then dir=$(log4bash_abs $1) if [ ! -d ${dir} ]; then #log a seperation line mkdir $dir fi fi } # Delete old log files # $1 Log directory # $2 Log filename # $3 Log filename suffix # $4 Max backup index log4bash_delete_old_files(){ ##### Added for testing builtin echo "Running log4bash_delete_old_files $@" &2 ##### if [ "$log4bash_LOG_ENABLED" -eq $TRUE ] && [ -n "$3" ] && [ "$4" -gt 0 ]; then local directory=$(log4bash_abs $1) local filename=$2 local maxBackupIndex=$4 local suffix=$(echo "${3}" | sed -re 's/[^.]/?/g') local logFileList=$(find "${directory}" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -name "${filename}${suffix}" -type f | xargs ls -1rt) local fileCnt=$(builtin echo -e "${logFileList}" | wc -l) local fileToDeleteCnt=$(($fileCnt-$maxBackupIndex)) local fileToDelete=($(builtin echo -e "${logFileList}" | head -n "${fileToDeleteCnt}" | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g')) ##### Added for testing builtin echo "log4bash_delete_old_files About to start deletion ${fileToDelete[@]}" &2 ##### if [ ${fileToDeleteCnt} -gt 0 ]; then for f in "${fileToDelete[@]}"; do #### Added for testing builtin echo "Removing file ${f}" &2 #### builtin eval rm -f ${f} done fi fi } #Appender # $1 Log directory # $2 Log file # $3 Log file roll ? # $4 Appender Name log4bash_filename(){ builtin echo "Running log4bash_filename $@" &2 local format local filename log4bash_check_app_dir "${1}" if [ ${3} -eq 1 ];then local formatProp=${4}_roll_format format=${!formatProp} if [ -z ${format} ]; then format=$log4bash_appender_file_format fi local suffix=.`date "+${format}"` filename=${1}/${2}${suffix} # Old log files deletion local previousFilenameVar=int_${4}_file_previous local maxBackupIndexVar=${4}_maxBackupIndex if [ -n "${!maxBackupIndexVar}" ] && [ "${!previousFilenameVar}" != "${filename}" ]; then builtin eval export $previousFilenameVar=$filename log4bash_delete_old_files "${1}" "${2}" "${suffix}" "${!maxBackupIndexVar}" else builtin echo "log4bash_filename $previousFilenameVar = ${!previousFilenameVar}" fi else filename=${1}/${2} fi builtin echo $filename } ######################## Added for testing filename_caller(){ builtin echo "filename_caller Call $1" output=$(log4bash_abs $(log4bash_filename "${log4bash_appender_f_dir}" "${log4bash_appender_f_file}" "1" "log4bash_appender_f" )) builtin echo ${output} } #### Previous logs generation for i in {1101..1120}; do file="${log4bash_appender_f_file}.2012${i:2:3}" builtin echo "${file} $i" touch -m -t "2012${i}0000" ${log4bash_appender_f_dir}/$file done for i in {1..4}; do filename_caller $i done I expect log4bash_filename function to step into the following if only when the calculated log filename is different from the previous one: if [ -n "${!maxBackupIndexVar}" ] && [ "${!previousFilenameVar}" != "${filename}" ]; then For this scenario to apply, I'd need ${!previousFilenameVar} to be correctly set, but it's not the case, so log4bash_filename steps into this if all the time which is really not necessary... It looks like the issue is due to the following line not working properly: builtin eval export $previousFilenameVar=$filename I have a some theories to explain why: in the original code, functions are declared and exported as readonly which makes them unable to modify global variable. I removed readonly declarations in the above sample, but probleme persists. Function calls are performed in $() which should make them run into seperated shell instances so variable modified are not exported to the main shell But I cannot manage to find a workaround to this issue... Any help is appreciated, thanks in advance!

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  • Custom script in .screenrc

    - by benoror
    Hi. I made a script that spawns a remote shell or runs a local shell whether it's on the current machine or not: #!/bin/bash # By: benoror <[email protected]> # # spawns a remote shell or runs a local shell whether it's on the current machine or not # $1 = hostname if [ "$(hostname)" == "$1" ]; then bash else ssh "$1.local" fi For example, if I'm on server1: ./spawnshell.sh server1 -> runs bash ./spawnshell.sh server2 -> ssh to server2.local I want that script to run automatically in separate tabs in GNU Screen, but I can't make it run, my .screenrc: ... screen -t "@server1" 1 exec /home/benoror/scripts/spawnshell.sh server1 screen -t "@server2" 2 exec /home/benoror/scripts/spawnshell.sh server2 ... But it doesn't works, I've tried without 'exec', with -X option and a lot more. Any ideas ?

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  • link .a and .o files in GCC

    - by David
    hi! I have two precompiled library: X.a and Y.a and a test.cpp (without main function) source code use these two libraries. I compiled the C++ using: g++ -c test.cpp and I got 'test.o'. Now how can I link these three together to generate a .a file because test.cpp use some function in X.a and Y.a and other GCC libraries? BTW, I am doing these under Windows using MinGW. Can I rename this .a file to .lib and use this .lib in VC? Thanks!

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  • Accidentally deleted /opt/local/bin without backup. Any help?

    - by Aaron
    Hi all, I'm on a Mac OS X 10.5.8 I was recently uninstalling mysql5 from /opt/local/bin. I typed: rm -rf /opt/local/bin mysql* instead of rm -rf /opt/local/bin/mysql* This deleted my entire /opt/local/bin directory which puts me in a bit of a bind. Is there any way to recover these files? If not, I have a friend that is using a similar set of programs, would it be possible to use the contents of his folder? If I end up needing to re-install everything in this folder, what is the best way to go about doing this? Thanks in advance!

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  • Array in Bash Not Found

    - by Waffle
    I am trying to declare an array in bash, but when the code is run it says it cannot find the array. I have tried to write out the declaration of the array in several different ways, but it seems no matter how I try to declare it I cannot get it to work. I originally tried to declare it as such: candidate[1]= 0 candidate[2]= 0 candidate[3]= 0 The error messages that are returned are: votecalculation.sh: 13: candidate[1]=: not found votecalculation.sh: 14: candidate[2]=: not found votecalculation.sh: 15: candidate[3]=: not found After this I tried another solution I found online: ARRAY=( 'can1' 'can2' 'can3' ) When that is used it returns this error: votecalculation.sh: 12: Syntax error: "(" unexpected I am new to Bash and am getting really confused about arrays. Is there some specific way I need to declare an array or am I just going about it completely wrong?

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  • Tabcompletion and docview while editing rc.lua

    - by Berxue
    I saw that there is a lua plugin for eclipse and there is a docpage on the awesome main page api_doc and all the .lua files in /usr/share/awesome/lib. So I thought it must be possible to create a Library or Execution Environment so that one has tabcompletion and docview. So I tried making my own Execution Environment: wrote the standard .rockspec file downloaded the documentation made an ofline version of it and put it in docs/ folder ziped the files and folders in /usr/share/awesome/lib ziped all up tried it out ... and it failed. When I try to view a documentaion for a .lua file I get "Note: This element has no attached documentation." Questions: Am I totaly wrong in my doing (because I have the feeling I am)? Is there any way to edit the rc.lua with tabcompletion and docview?

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  • comparing two files and merge the data

    - by Ganz Ricanz
    I have the below files, total.txt order1,5,item1 order2,6,item2 order3,7,item3 order4,6,item4 order8,9,item8 changed.txt order3,8,item3 order8,12,item8 total.txt is total order data and changed.txt is recently changed data. I want to merge the recent change with total, i want the output as , Output.txt order1,5,item1 order2,6,item2 order3,8,item3 order4,6,item4 order8,12,item8 Note : 2nd column of (3rd & 5th) row of the total.txt is updated with changed.txt file i have used the below nawk to compare the first coulmn, but not able to print it to the output file. Please help on complete the below command nawk -F"," 'NR==FNR {a[$1]=$2;next} ($1 in a) "print??"' total.txt changed.txt

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  • Creating a tar file with checksums included

    - by wazoox
    Here's my problem : I need to archive to tar files a lot ( up to 60 TB) of big files (usually 30 to 40 GB each). I would like to make checksums ( md5, sha1, whatever) of these files before archiving; however not reading every file twice (once for checksumming, twice for tar'ing) is more or less a necessity to achieve a very high archiving performance (LTO-4 wants 120 MB/s sustained, and the backup window is limited). So I'd need some way to read a file, feeding a checksumming tool on one side, and building a tar to tape on the other side, something along : tar cf - files | tee tarfile.tar | md5sum - Except that I don't want the checksum of the whole archive (this sample shell code does just this) but a checksum for each individual file in the archive. I've studied GNU tar, Pax, Star options. I've looked at the source from Archive::Tar. I see no obvious way to achieve this. It looks like I'll have to hand-build something in C or similar to achieve what I need. Perl/Python/etc simply won't cut it performance-wise, and the various tar programs miss the necessary "plugin architecture". Does anyone know of any existing solution to this before I start code-churning ?

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  • How to compare two floating-point values in shell script

    - by Reem
    I had to do a division in shell script and the best way was: result1=`echo "scale=3; ($var1 / $total) * 100"| bc -l` result2=`echo "scale=3; ($var2 / $total) * 100"| bc -l` but I want to compare the values of $result1 and $result2 Using if test $result1 -lt $result2 or if [ $result1 -gt $result2 ] didn't work :( Any idea how to do that?

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  • jruby and Matz Ruby on the same maschine ?

    - by erhard
    Is it possible to run Jruby and native ruby on the same maschine ? For example installing rake or gem under both it find's Matz Ruby extensions /usr/bin/gem or /usr/bin/rake The MRI gems and jruby gems are mixed up. Is there any experience in that constellation ? Thanks erhard

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  • start-stop-daemon quoted arguments misinterpreted

    - by Martin Westin
    Hi, I have been trying to make an init script using start-stop-daemon. I am stuck on the arguments to the daemon. I want to keep these in a variable at the top of the script but I can't get the quotations to filter down correctly. I'll use ls here so we don't have to look at binaries and arguments that most people wont know or care about. The end result I am looking for is for start-stop... to run ls -la "/folder with space/" DAEMON=/usr/bin/ls DAEMON_OPTS='-la "/folder with space/"' start-stop-daemon --start --make-pidfile --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS Double escaping the options and trying innumerable variations of quotations do not help... Then they end up at the daemon they are always messed up. Enclosing $DAEMON_OPTS in quotes changes things... then they are seen as one since quote... never the right number though :) Echoing the command-line (start-stop...) prints exactly the right stuff to screen. But the daemon (the real one, not ls) complains about the wrong number of arguments. How do I specify a variable so that quotes inside it are brought along to the daemon correctly? Thanks, Martin

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  • Drawing on top of every windows on X11

    - by Vítor Baptista
    Hi, I am trying to make an arcade machine. The user will purchase credits, which will allow him to play for X minutes. I want to write "9:42 minutes left" at the left corner of the screen, even if he's playing a full screen game (UrbanTerror, for example). I would really like if I could do this with Ruby, but any other language is OK. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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