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• VMware ARP/Mac Networking

  - by Ross Wilson

  Hi Guys, I am very interested in how VMware networking works. I have scoured the VMware website and read their data sheets, this has given me some basic knowledge. I now have some questions. Lets assume that we have a physical server running the VMware hypervisor. The physical server is running a Virtual Machine. The physical box has one physical NIC. The NIC is connected to a switch, as so is a desktop client. Now, this is where my first question lies. The VM has an IP address: 192.168.1.1. How do desktop clients on the network communicate with this VM? So, the client pings 192.168.1.1. The ping packet is sent to the switch. The switch checks its MAC address table and sees that 192.168.1.1 is associated with the MAC address of the physical NIC. Correct? I then assume that the ping packet is sent to the server's physical NIC, where the hypervisor routes the packet to the VM thats using 192.168.1.1? Please could you give me a run down as to how VM networking works? Many thanks, Ross

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• What's the difference between Host and HostName in SSH Config?

  - by Bill Jobs

  The man page says this: Host Host Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns given after the keyword. If more than one pattern is provided, they should be separated by whitespace. A single `*' as a pattern can be used to provide global defaults for all hosts. The host is the hostname argument given on the command line (i.e. the name is not converted to a canonicalized host name before matching). A pattern entry may be negated by prefixing it with an exclamation mark (`!'). If a negated entry is matched, then the Host entry is ignored, regardless of whether any other patterns on the line match. Negated matches are therefore useful to provide exceptions for wildcard matches. See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. HostName HostName Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts. If the hostname contains the character sequence `%h', then this will be replaced with the host name specified on the command line (this is useful for manipulating unqualified names). The default is the name given on the com- mand line. Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in HostName specifications). For example, when I want to create an SSH Config for GitHub, what should Host and HostName be respectively?

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• BGP path prepended route not listed anywhere

  - by Julien Vehent

  We have a simple multi-homed setup with two routers that advertise our AS to two ISP. The second ISP (ISP B) is only used for backup when ISP A goes down, so we prepended our AS 3 times on this route. I spend a couple of hours this morning poking at looking glass routers all over the internet, and none of them list our backup route with the prepended path. I checked the south african internet exchange, the london internet exchange, oregon internet exchange and a couple dozen ISPs. All of them have multiples routes through ISP A, often with 3 or 4 hops. The route through ISP B should, at least, appear somewhere and have 5 or 6 hops. But I couldn't find it anywhere. (I checked the full bgp tables on the looking glass routers, using show ip bgp 65000) My questions are: Is there a limit to the size of a route after which most routers will simply discard the route ? Is our backup route even going to work when ISP A goes down, if no router knows about it ? Our two routers are connected on iBGP. Would it be possible that the route through ISPB is not announced because the iBGP session prefers the route through ISPA ? This is what non-exist-map and advertise-map are supposed to do, but none of those are used in either routers.

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• SQL Server Analysis Services, DNS, AD, Kerberos, Connection Issues

  - by ScaleOvenStove

  Running into a very weird issue. Converting servers to Windows 2008/SQL 2008. Have a server, SERVER_A, brand new, setup with Win2k8,Sql2k8 - works. Have a Server SERVER_B, running Windows2003/SQL2005. I want to migrate from SERVER_B to SERVER_A. I have all db's, cubes, etc setup on SERVER_A and it is mimicking functionality. Since users are using Excel to connect to SSAS, they connection string has SERVER_B in it. What I want to do, is, change DNS on the network to point SERVER_B (by name) at the ip of SERVER_A. I have successfully done this with another server, SERVER_C, but I need to do it with SERVER_B. What I have found is that with SERVER_C, after changing DNS, had to remove SERVER_C from AD and then it worked. I could connect to SERVER_C (DB), SERVER_C (SSAS Default Instance) and SERVER_C (SSAS Named instance) and it all was actually connecting to SERVER_A I tried to do the same with with SERVER_B, and no luck. Changed DNS, removed from AD, and it wouldn't connect. Found out that there were some SPN's in AD set up, so removed those and tried again. I then could connect to SERVER_B (DB), SERVER_B (SSAS Named Instance), but not SERVER_B (SSAS Default Instance). I could connect to SERVER_B (SSAS Default Intance WITH the Port #), but I need to be able to connect without the port number. I am at a loss to as why I can't connect to the default instance without a port #. Not sure if it is SPN's in AD, or another AD issue, or something else. Pretty sure it isnt something on the server (because SERVER_C works!) Any insight or suggestions would be greatly helpful!!

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• DNS Does Not Register at Off-site Locations

  - by Russ Warren

  First of all, let me give you the specifics of our setup: Windows Small Business Server 2008 Domain w/ all applicable updates on the DC The DC does DHCP for the main site The DC does DNS for all sites 3 sites including our headquarters where the DC is located All sites are connected through OpenVPN SSL tunnels terminated by an Untangle box at each site The 2 remote sites us the Untangle box as a DHCP server for their subnet, which assigns the DC as the primary DNS server Collection of Windows XP and Windows 7 workstations connected to the domain Here's the issue: All of the workstations at the main site register with the DNS server on the domain controller fine. As they grab an IP from the DHCP server, it updates the DNS server with the new host record. I have 2 systems (each at different remote sites) that fail to register with the DNS server. I've attempted the following troubleshooting steps: Confirmed the network adapter is using the DC as a DNS server Confirmed 2-way traffic is possible between DC and workstation Verified the "Register with DNS server" setting was checked in the adapter properties Attempted ipconfig /registerdns and received no errors For the time being, I have setup a DHCP reservation for these systems and manually created a host record. This seems to work fine, but I need a solution for any new systems that go out there.

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• Is there a way to force spam-filter to change their policy or remove them as recognized spam service?

  - by Alvin Caseria

  As per mxtoolbox I got 1 blacklist still active for quite sometime now. UCEPROTECTL1's is running on 7 day policy since last spam mail. This is too strict compared to the 98 other spam filters out there as per mxtoolbox. (Or at least to the other 4 that detected the problem) I have no problem with our e-mail since it is hosted locally. But our domain is hosted outside the country and it run on a different IP. I contacted them but since it is the spam-filter's rule, there's nothing to be done but wait. I do believe services like spam-filters should at lease be bounded by guidelines and standards for this matter. Otherwise problem on delivering valid (after the fix) e-mails will be disastrous. Is there a way to force UCEPROTECT to change their policy or remove them as recognized spam service? Apart from contacting them in case they do not answer. Currently they are charging for fast removal if you pay by PayPal. I'm still looking for guideline/standard on how they should operate regarding this matter. Appreciate the help.

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• rsync over ssh backup failing after relocation of server

  - by OlduvaiHand

  I've got two FreeBSD machines set up; one serves video data and the other is the backup for the first. At this point I've got around 4TB of data. I add files to the video server a few at a time, and was planning to use rsync over ssh to keep the backup machine up to date. I did the initial, large backup with both machines hooked up to the same subnet at the lab with no problems using rsync. Then, when I moved the backup machine off-site (but still on the university network), I attempted a sync without changing anything other than the IP (as the machine is now on a different subnet) and got the following error: 2010/03/22 15:55:21 [1260] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (6340840244 bytes received so far) [receiver] 2010/03/22 15:55:21 [1260] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(601) [receiver=3.0.7] 2010/03/22 15:55:21 [1258] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (60 bytes received so far) [generator] 2010/03/22 15:55:21 [1258] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at io.c(601) [generator=3.0.7] The script that handles the backup hasn't been changed, nor has the crontab that invokes it. Does anyone have any ideas about what might be causing the hiccup? I was under the impression that it might have something to do with the ssh connection timing out or something along those lines, but am not entirely clear on how to diagnose the cause of the problem.

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• Kerberos & localhost

  - by Alex Leach

  I've got a Kerberos v5 server set up on a Linux machine, and it's working very well when connecting to other hosts (using samba, ldap or ssh), for which there are principals in my kerberos database. Can I use kerberos to authenticate against localhost though? And if I can, are there reasons why I shouldn't? I haven't made a kerberos principal for localhost. I don't think I should; instead I think the principal should resolve to the machine's full hostname. Is that possible? I'd ideally like a way to configure this on just one server (whether kerberos, DNS, or ssh), but if each machine needs some custom configuration, that'd work too. e.g $ ssh -v localhost ... debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Server host/[email protected] not found in Kerberos database ... EDIT: So I had a bad /etc/hosts file. If I remember correctly, the original version I got with Ubuntu had two 127.0. IP addresses, something like:- 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.*1*.1 hostname For no good reason, I'd changed mine a long time ago to: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.*0*.1 hostname.example.com hostname This seemed to work fine with everything until I tried out ssh with kerberos (a recent endeavour). Somehow this configuration led to sshd resolving the machine's kerberos principal to "host/localhost@\n", which I suppose makes sense if it uses /etc/hosts for forward and reverse dns lookups in preference to external dns. So I commented out the latter line, and sshd magically started authenticating with gssapi-with-mic. Awesome. (Then I investigated localhost and asked the question)

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• duplicity fail: not promping for password: "Running 'sftp user@host' failed"

  - by Thr4wn

  I have two linode VPS accounts and I want to back up one onto the other (the reasons are mainly for fun and to practice server administration.) the short version Duplicity isn't even asking for my password, but immediately says "invalid SSH password" (but I can ssh into the other server). why? the long version When I run duplicity /home/me scp://[email protected]//root/backup I get Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #1) Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #2) Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #3) And it says Invalid SSH password immediately with no opportunity for me to actually type the password. When I type duplicity full -v9 --num-retries 4 /home/me scp://[email protected]//root/backup I get Main action: full Running 'sftp [email protected]' (attempt #1) State = sftp, Before = 'Connecting to 97.107.129.67... [email protected]'s' State = sftp, Before = '' Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #1) I can ssh into [email protected] fine, and in fact have the ip in known_hosts before I tried any of this. serer 1 (from which I'm running the duplicity command) is Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup with only a handful of programs installed via apt-get. server 2 (represented by x.x.x.x) is literally only Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup I previously tried using SystemImager -- would that have changed settings in a destructive way? (I have removed and rebooted since then) Isn't Duplicity supposed to prompt for password? Am I using it wrong? are there common mistakes/dependencies I need to know about? Is there any way that x.x.x.x could be setup that could make this not work (I used Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup and barely )?

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• cPanel web server redundancy advice?

  - by crgnz

  At present I operate a (reasonably low volume) web-hosting service with a Centos 5.3 server running cPanel/WHM. I would like to implement a level of redundancy such that in the event of server failure, I can restore service with a minimum of effort in less than 60 minutes. I also want to setup a secondary DNS that cPanel will replicate with. My current idea is to kill two birds with one stone by: My current server is called "www1" Purchase an identical server (HP DL360 G4) with mirrored disks. Call this server "www2" Install Centos 5.4 (or perhaps I should install 5.3 to be identical with www1) Install cPanel/WHM on this server and fully license it Setup www1 and www2 cPanel to replicate DNS with each other Setup a nightly replication script that does the following: a) rsync's the /home directory from www1 to www2 b) dumps all MySQL databases on www1 and copies them to a temp folder (with root access only) on www2 c) triggers a script to run on www2 that restores the MySQL dumps Thus each night a fully working copy of all the websites and MySQL databases is copied to www2. I do not have enough knowledge of MySQL replication to understand if it works safely and transparently with cPanel. Thus I propose the mysql dump/copy/restore due to not knowing any better! In the event that www1 dies a horrible death, I envisage that I could login to www2, change the IP addresses to those that www1 had, and presto, the websites are available again. The advantage of this idea is that it is fairly simple and "low tech" and thus does not require an expert sysadmin to setup and monitor (I am NOT an expert sysadmin) The disadvantage of this idea is that up to a full days worth of data changes would be lost. I think this would be acceptable to the sorts of customers I host at the moment. The other disadvantage would be having to pay for a full cPanel license, but I am comfortable with that cost, so for now all I want to discuss are technical considerations. Is this a sound scheme?

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• Nexus functionality is limited after installation

  - by Dmitriy Sukharev

  I have a CentOS based server with Sonatype Nexus 2.0.4-1 installed. The issue is that there are no standard "Artifact Search", "Advanced Search", "Browse Index", "Refresh Index" Nexus features, as well as Artifact Information tab after selection of any artifact (only Maven Information tab). I tried to Google, but was amazed that there're no information about this issue. Actually it looks like all actions I've done are: wget http://www.sonatype.org/downloads/nexus-2.0.4-1-bundle.tar.gz tar -xvf nexus-2.0.4-1-bundle.tar.gz cp -r nexus-2.0.4-1 sonatype-work /opt/ ln -s /opt/nexus-2.0.4-1/* /opt/nexus ln /opt/nexus/bin/nexus /etc/init.d/ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nexus vim /etc/init.d/nexus NEXUS_HOME=“/opt/nexus” RUN_AS_USER=“nexus” useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/lib/nexus nexus chown -R nexus /opt/nexus/ chown -R nexus /opt/nexus-2.0.4-1/ sudo -u nexus cp /opt/nexus/conf/examples/proxy-https/jetty.xml /opt/nexus/conf/ To force Nexus be available through HTTPS I went to Administration - Server - Application Server Settings as admin and changed Base URL to https:// external IP/nexus and set Force Base URL to true. Any ideas how to get missed Nexus features?

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• Karmic iptables missing kernel moduyles on OpenVZ container

  - by luison

  After an unsuccessful p2v migration of my Ubuntu server to an OpenVZ container which I am stack with I thought I would give a try to a reinstall based on a clean OpenVZ template for Ubuntu 9.10 (from the OpenVZ wiki) When I try to load my iptables rules on the VM machine I've been getting errors which I believe are related to kernel modules not being loaded on the VM from the /vz/XXX.conf template model. I've been testing with a few post I've found but I was stack with the error: WARNING: Deprecated config file /etc/modprobe.conf, all config files belong into /etc/modprobe.d/. FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve/modules.dep: No such file or directory iptables-restore v1.4.4: iptables-restore: unable to initialize table 'raw' Error occurred at line: 2 Try `iptables-restore -h' or 'iptables-restore --help' for more information. I read about the template not loading all iptables modules so I added modules to the XXX.conf of the VZ virtual machine like this: IPTABLES="ip_tables iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_limit ipt_multiport ipt_tos ipt_TOS ipt_REJECT ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_LOG ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_conntrack ipt_state ipt_helper iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc" As the error remained I read that I should build dependencies again on the virtual machine: depmod -a but this returned an error: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory So I read again about creating the directory empty and redoing "depmod -a" it. I now don't get the dependancies error but get this and I don't have a clue how to proceed: WARNING: Deprecated config file /etc/modprobe.conf, all config files belong into /etc/modprobe.d/. FATAL: Module ip_tables not found. iptables-restore v1.4.4: iptables-restore: unable to initialize table 'raw' Error occurred at line: 2 Try `iptables-restore -h' or 'iptables-restore --help' for more information. I understand that iptables rules have to be different on the VM machine and perhaps some of the rules we are trying to apply (from our physical server) are not compatible but these are just source IP and destination port checks that I would like to be able to have available . I've heard that on the CentOS template there are no issues with this, so I understand is to do with VM config. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Why can't I unblock postgres with shorewall?

  - by ryeguy

  I can't seem to unblock the port needed for postgres using Shorewall. I am developing a PHP app on my windows machine here, and then I upload it on my linux box to actually use it. The linux box runs the php files as well as hosts the db server. Since I need it working from both machines, in my PHP code I am referring to the database as the full IP instead of localhost. I can easily connect to postgres from my windows machine, but ironically, my PHP app can't connect to postgres even though it's on the same box. Here's what I have in /etc/shorewall/rules: #macro/action src dest PostgreSQL/ACCEPT net $FW PostgreSQL/ACCEPT loc $FW PostgreSQL/ACCEPT loc dmz PostgreSQL/ACCEPT net dmz PostgreSQL/ACCEPT loc net PostgreSQL/ACCEPT dmz $FW PostgreSQL/ACCEPT dmz loc PostgreSQL/ACCEPT dmz net PostgreSQL/ACCEPT dmz dmz Clearly I have a ton of crap there. The first line is all I needed to make it allow a connection from my windows machine. All the lines after it are me just trying everything to get it to work. What am I missing?

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• With WebMatrix, How do I Connect to a MySQL Database on a Colleague's Machine?

  - by Ash Clarke

  I have scoured Google trying to discover how to do this, but essentially I want to connect to a colleague's MySQL database for working together on a Wordpress installation. I am having no luck and keep getting an error about the connection not being possible: Unable to connect to any of the specified MySQL hosts. MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException (0x80004005): Unable to connect to any of the specified MySQL hosts. at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.NativeDriver.Open() at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.Driver.Open() at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.Driver.Create(MySqlConnectionStringBuilder settings) at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlPool.GetPooledConnection() at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlPool.TryToGetDriver() at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlPool.GetConnection() at MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection.Open() at Microsoft.WebMatrix.DatabaseManager.MySqlDatabase.MySqlDatabaseProvider.TestConnection(String connectionString) at Microsoft.WebMatrix.DatabaseManager.IisDbManagerModuleService.TestConnection(DatabaseConnection databaseConnection, String configPathState) at Microsoft.WebMatrix.DatabaseManager.Client.ClientConnection.Test(ManagementConfigurationPath configPath) at Microsoft.WebMatrix.DatabaseManager.Client.DatabaseHierarchyInfo.EnsureLoaded() The connection details are copied from my colleague's connection string, with the exception of the server being modified to match the IP address of his machine. I'm not sure if there is a firewall port I have to open or a configuration file I have to modify, but I'm not having much luck so far. (There is a strong chance that, by default, web matrix / iis express doesn't set the mysql database it creates to accept remote connections. If anyone knows how to change this, that would be grand!) Anyone have any ideas?

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• Can't get simple Apache VHost up and running

  - by TK Kocheran

  Unfortunately, I can't seem to get a simple Apache VHost online. I used to simply have one VHost which bound to all: <VirtualHost *:80>, but this isn't appropriate for security anymore. I need to have one VHost for localhost requests (ie my dev server) and one for incoming requests via my domain name. Here's my new VHost: NameVirtualHost domain1.com <VirtualHost domain1.com:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName domain1.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost domain2.com:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName domain2.com </VirtualHost> After I restart my server, I see the following errors in my log: [Wed Feb 16 11:26:36 2011] [error] [client ####.###.###.###] File does not exist: /htdocs [Wed Feb 16 11:26:36 2011] [error] [client ####.###.###.###] File does not exist: /htdocs What am I doing wrong? EDIT As per the answer give below, I have modified my configuration. Here are my configuration files: /etc/apache2/ports.conf: Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> Here are my actual defined sites: /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-localhost: NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80 <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerAdmin ######### DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> RewriteEngine On RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/mod_rewrite.log" RewriteLogLevel 9 <Location /> <Limit GET POST PUT> order allow,deny allow from all deny from 65.34.248.110 deny from 69.122.239.3 deny from 58.218.199.147 deny from 65.34.248.110 </Limit> </Location> </VirtualHost> /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-rfkrocktk.dyndns.org: NameVirtualHost rfkrocktk.dyndns.org:80 <VirtualHost rfkrocktk.dyndns.org:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName rfkrocktk.dyndns.org </VirtualHost> And, just for kicks, my main file: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "/var/log/apache2/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "" will be interpreted by the # server as "//var/log/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # #<IfModule !mpm_winnt.c> #<IfModule !mpm_netware.c> LockFile /var/lock/apache2/accept.lock #</IfModule> #</IfModule> # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # # Define an access log for VirtualHosts that don't define their own logfile CustomLog /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log vhost_combined # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ what else do I need to do to fix it? Should I be telling apache to listen on 127.0.0.1:80, or isn't it already listening there?

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• Providing access to a Samba server for VPN clients

  - by Kamil Kisiel

  We have some Windows users that connect to our network via VPN from home. They need to be able to connect to our Samba server and access a mapped network drive just as they do as when they are on our LAN. The complication is that VPN clients are placed on a subnet other than our office LAN, and behind a firewall. What's the easiest way for me to allow them to still connect to the network share? The solutions I've currently seen involve setting up a WINS server for name resolution purposes and then tunnelling a bunch of the NetBIOS stuff through the firewall. However that means I'd have to set up the VPN DHCP server to hand out the WINS address, something I'm not even sure is possible on the Cisco hardware we have. I'm thinking there must be an easier way. Should I use an LMHOSTS file? Or just map by IP address? Also, I'm not terribly familiar with Windows networking, so which ports would I need to pass through my firewall in order to get the file sharing through?

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• Bugzilla email issue

  - by xian

  My bugzilla system keep hit the following error: There was an error sending mail from '[email protected]' to '[email protected]':Can't send data I think that is some problem with my setting and configuration. First is the urlbase I have tried setting it to bugzilla.example.com, and http://127.0.0.1:81/, and http://10.0.0.236/ (My laptop IP address, I use this laptop to set up bugzilla) but the error still persists. Actually what should I put in the urlbase field? Parameter = Email Under mail_delivery_method, i choose SMTP. Under mailfrom, I put bugzilla-daemon. smtpserver, I tried leaving it blank, or setting it to 220.181.12.12 before, but could not solve my problem For my sql, the following is the data and command I used: C:\mysql\bin>mysql --user=root -p mysql Enter password: 1234 (When I install mysql into my laptop, it ask me to key an username and password, i have key in username as 'cvuser' and password as '1234', but here never ask me to key in any username) Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON bugs.* TO 'bugs'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) In C:\Bugzilla\localconfig, I put the following info: # # How to access the SQL database: # $db_host = "localhost"; # where is the database? $db_port = 3306; # which port to use $db_name = "bugs"; # name of the MySQL database $db_user = "bugs"; # user to attach to the MySQL database # # Enter your database password here. It's normally advisable to specify # a password for your bugzilla database user. # If you use apostrophe (') or a backslash (\) in your password, you'll # need to escape it by preceding it with a \ character. (\') or (\\) # $db_pass = '123456'; Can someone tell me where my mistake is? I have googled for this issue for few days but still cannot find the solution.

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• Apache Reverse proxy for intranet and other integrated application on intranet

  - by user1433448

  I'm trying to configure a reverse proxy (ssl) with apache 2.2 in Debian Squeeze, but I have some problems, specially with some path absolute and with https I'll try to detail what I have made and what I'm trying to configure I have a server Debian Squeeze with apache2.2 + mod_proxy_html with: # apt-get install libapache2-mod-proxy-html libxml2-dev # a2enmod proxy # a2enmod proxy_http # a2enmod proxy_html # a2enmod headers After that I have configured a virtual host with: reverse_proxy_ssl.conf I'm trying to configure to allow access of our intranet from internet with a reverse proxy (apache that is located in DMZ). With this configuration domain.com/intranet works correctly and we can access to intranet, but we have one problem when from domain.com/intranet we need to use another internal application that is called from intranet with absolute path ( https://192.168.10.25/application/) and from internet appears that try to access with internal ip, and this link es incorrect from external site We only need to access from intranet to multiple internal application that are in external server and we like to restrict to minimal access from internet. All the application that are in the smae server of intranet are working. The second problem is with https and reverse proxy in our firewall appears some errors with packets (not valid packets), and with https seems to work. What can I do to solve this problems (absolute path and ssl problem) Thanks

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• 1 document pending in printer queue in System Tray that won't go away

  - by White Phoenix

  Edit: I didn't want to do it, but I restarted my computer - cleared the problem right away. Though if I were running a Windows 2003/2008 server, I would hate to have to restart the domain controller just to get rid of this irritating problem. If I run into this problem again, I'm going to try that remove printer/reinstall printer thing. Thanks for your help @Psychogeek. Points for your attempt. Running Windows 7, 32-bit Professional. My printer is an HP OfficeJet Wireless 8500. It's connected to my network wirelessly through TCP/IP as a standalone device. I was having some print problems awhile back and had to do some print spooler stuff as part of my troubleshooting (stopping the Print Spooler service, clearing the print spooler files from C:\Windows\System32\spool\PRINTERS and then restarting the service). I've finally narrowed it down to it being application specific, so that's that. However, as a leftover from all that troubleshooting, my printer icon is stuck in the tray - when I mouseover the icon, Windows says that there is 1 document(s) pending for my username. However, when I open up that printer's queue, there's nothing in there. I restarted the Printer Spooler service and also checked C:\Windows\System32\spool\PRINTERS if there's anything in there - nothing. I did a quick Google search and an answer from one of those "reps" at the Microsoft Socialnet site says for me to uninstall and reinstall the printer. The funny thing is, when I send print jobs, they print just fine - that 1 mystery document stuck in queue isn't stopping anything from happening. Short of having to do that, are there any other quick troubleshooting steps I may be missing?

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• Connect over WiFi to SQL Server from another computer

  - by Bronzato

  I tried to connect over WiFi to SQL Server with SQL Server Management Studio from another computer, but it failed. I have a computer with Windows 7 & SQL Server 2008 (lets say the server computer). Next to it I have a freshly installed computer with Windows 7 & SQL Server Management Studio (let's say the client computer). What I did on the server computer: Configure firewall by enabling port 1433 Enabled network protocols (TCP/IP) inside SQL Server Configuration Manager Checked Allow remote connections to this server in server properties in the SQL Server Management application. Started SQL Server Browser Restarted services (SQL Server Browser is stopped at this point, but I don't think it is necessary. Is it?) Next, I successfully tested a ping on the port 1433 from my client computer with a tool named tcping (ex: tcping 192.168.1.4 1433). But I still cannot connect from my client computer to SQL Server on my server computer. Ok, something new with this problem: Until now, I successfully connected to my "server computer" with Management Studio. What I did is type the computer name in the server name field in the connection window of Management Studio. My previous (failed) attempt was to type the computer name followed by the instance of SQL server (ex: COMPUTER_NAME\SQL2008). I don't know why I only have to type the computer name. Now my new challenge is to be successful in connecting my VB6 application to this remote database located on my "server computer". I have a connection string for this but it failed to connect. Here is my connection string: "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Password=mypassword;User ID=sa;Initial Catalog=TPB;Data Source=THIERRY-HP\SQL2008" Any idea what's going wrong?

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• Is there a small business router that shows bandwidth usage graphs in the admin panel?

  - by Robert Drake

  I support a large number of public libraries that are having their networks upgraded in response to a grant application. These libraries are generally home to between 6-15 computers and have little or no tech services either onsite or contracted remotely. In order to justify current and future purchases, a number of the libraries have requested routers that can provide bandwidth usage graphs that they can show to their managing boards. Is there a small business router that displays traffic graphs in the router administration web interface? The router needs to suppport DHCP and basic firewalling. No other features are required. Further, the reports just need to show overall trends. It is not necessary to show traffic by IP, by protocol/application, or by time of day. They just need an overall week to week, month to month, trend line. I'm familiar with MRTG/PRTG/tools that collect SNMP data from the router, but the libraries don't have the expertise for the configuration. I've considered installing the tomato firmware on some cheap home/home office routers, but if there's a commercial product that can be purchased that would be significantly simpler. Also the library boards would be much more likely to approve the purchase of a commercial product over a 'hacked' one. Any assistance would be appreciated.

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• Setting up 802.1X wireless connection on OSX

  - by hizki

  I am an OSX user, I have Snow Leopard 10.6.5 and an updated AirPort (version 5.5.2). I am trying to connect to my university's wireless network, but it has a 802.1x security that I am having trouble defining... Here there are instructions for connecting with Windows XP, Windows 7 and Linux. Can someone please instruct me what should I do to set up this network on my Mac? I have had previous success in setting up this network, but I have no idea what I did that made it work. Since I updated my AirPort (to version 5.5.2) it worked only seldomly and very slowly... Before the update, even when it worked it never remembered my password. Update: I have already tried to create a new "location", removed all the 802.1x user profiles and all the remembered networks, and made sure the in the TCP/IP tab 'Configure IPv4' is set to "Using DHCP". I also moved /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist to my desktop in attempt to force the system to create a new set of settings. Still I can define the connection to work.

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• How to set up QoS on ADSL router (terracom) for prioritizing browsing

  - by DBZ_A

  I want to configure the ADSL router which connects 10+ machines to the internet. I want to give maximum priority to browsing (ports 80,443) and set low priority for bittorrent etc.(port 42180) I have been experimenting with settings , but with no luck. There are three settings which confuse me, along with my understanding. 802.1 Priority - Related to LAN level, possible values 0-7 , higher numbers means higher priority. 'Mark traffic priority' - clueless about this. IPP/DS - IP Precedence - possible values 0-7 ; 6 & 7 are reserved, so set 5 for highest priority. Or when using DSCP - set 46 for highest priority. Please help me in getting this done... Similer question for another model of router here , but with less number of confusing options :) How to configure QoS on home router Update: from discussion on another thread, QoS can control only upstream traffic (from router to the internet) , while this may in turn affect downstream traffic rate, there is no direct control over data coming into the router.

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• Apache Proxy Pass and Web Sockets

  - by James

  I'm using Apache with the mod_proxy module to reverse proxy my Node.js application through to port 80, so that we can access it as an internal application. I have a file in sites-enabled which contains this: VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/internal/ ServerName internal ServerAlias internal <Directory /var/www/internal/public/> Options All AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ProxyRequests off <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ retry=0 ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/ ProxyPreserveHost on ProxyTimeout 1200 LogLevel debug AllowEncodedSlashes on </VirtualHost> As I said, our application is written in Node.js and we're using socket.io to make use of web-sockets, as our application also contains realtime elements to it. The problem is, mod_proxy doesn't seem to handle web sockets and we get errors when trying to use them: WebSocket connection to 'ws://bloot/socket.io/1/websocket/nHtTh6ZwQjSXlmI7UMua' failed: Unexpected response code: 502 How can we fix this issue and keep sockets working, as the only way we can get it working currently is to access the site via ip:port which we don't want to do. Also, as a side question, how can I get ErrorDocument to work properly? Our error files are stored in /var/www/internal/public/error/ but they seem to get put through the proxy too?

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• apache name virtual host - two domains and SSL

  - by Tom

  I'm trying to setup Apache(2.2.3) to run two websites with SSL using both different domains and IP addresses. Both websites run fine on port 80 but when I tried to enable SSL for website2 I get a ssl_error_bad_cert_domain error; website2 picks up the SSL cert for website1. Here is my setup in httpd.conf: # Website1 NameVirtualHost 192.168.10.1:80 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.1:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html ServerName www.website1.org </VirtualHost> NameVirtualHost 192.168.10.1:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.1:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/website1.cer SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/website1.key </VirtualHost> # Website2 NameVirtualHost 192.168.10.2:80 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.2:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html/chart ServerName www.website2.org </VirtualHost> NameVirtualHost 192.168.10.2:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.2:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/website2.cer SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/website2.key </VirtualHost> Update: In answer to Shane (this wouldn't fit in comment box) here is the output from apachectl -S: VirtualHost configuration: 192.168.10.2:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server www.website2.org (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1033) port 80 namevhost www.website2.org (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1033) 192.168.10.2:443 is a NameVirtualHost default server bogus_host_without_reverse_dns (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1040) port 443 namevhost bogus_host_without_reverse_dns (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1040) 192.168.10.1:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server www.website1.org (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1017) port 80 namevhost www.website1.org (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1017) 192.168.10.1:443 is a NameVirtualHost default server bogus_host_without_reverse_dns (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1024) port 443 namevhost bogus_host_without_reverse_dns (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1024) wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: _default_:443 192.168.10.1 (/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf:81) Syntax OK

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