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  • Segfault on copy constructor for string

    - by user2756569
    I'm getting a segfault on a line where I'm creating a c++ string with the copy constructor. I've looked at some of the similar issues, but they're all due to passing in a bad c++ string object. I'm just passing in a raw string, so I'm not sure what my issue is. I'll paste the relevant snippets of code (it's taken from several different files, so it might look a bit jumbled). The segfault occurs in the 4th line of the default constructor for the Species class. Species::Species(string _type) { program_length = 0; cout << _type << " 1\n"; cout << type << " 2\n"; type = string(_type); } Grid::Grid(int _width, int _height) { *wall = Species("wall"); *empty = Species("empty"); turn_number = 0; width = _width; height = _height; for(int a= 0; a < 100; a++) for(int b = 0; b< 100; b++) { Creature empty_creature = Creature(*empty,a,b,NORTH,this); (Grid::map)[a][b] = empty_creature; } } int main() { Grid world = Grid(8,8); } class Grid { protected: Creature map[100][100]; int width,height; int turn_number; Species *empty; Species *wall; public: Grid(); Grid(int _width, int _height); void addCreature(Species &_species, int x, int y, Direction orientation); void addWall(int x, int y); void takeTurn(); void infect(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species); void hop(int x, int y, Direction orientation); bool ifWall(int x, int y, Direction orientation); bool ifEnemy(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species); bool ifEmpty(int x, int y, Direction orientation); void print(); }; class Species { protected: int program_length; string program[100]; string type; public: species(string _type); void addInstruction(string instruction); bool isWall(); bool isEmpty(); bool isEnemy(Species _enemy); string instructionAt(int index); string getType(); };

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  • Android: Having trouble creating a subclass of application to share data with multiple Activities

    - by Mike
    Hello, I just finished a couple of activities in my game and now I was going to start to wire them both up to use real game data, instead of the test data I was using just to make sure each piece worked. Since multiple Activities will need access to this game data, I started researching the best way to pass this data to my Activities. I know about using putExtra with intents, but my GameData class has quite a bit of data and not just simple key value pairs. Besides quite a few basic data types, it also has large arrays. I didn't really want to try and pass all that, unless I can pass the entire object, instead of just key/data pairs. I read the following post and thought it would be the way to go, but so far, I haven't got it to work. Android: How to declare global variables? I created a simple test app to try this method out, but it keeps crashing and my code seems to look the same as in the post above - except I changed the names. Here is the error I am getting. Can someone help me understand what I am doing wrong? 12-23 00:50:49.762: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(608): Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: android.app.Application It crashes on the following statement: GameData newGameData = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); Here is my code: package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Application; public class GameData extends Application { private int intTest; GameData () { intTest = 0; } public int getIntTest(){ return intTest; } public void setIntTest(int value){ intTest = value; } } // My main activity package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; public class StaticGameData extends Activity { int intStaticTest; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); GameData newGameData = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); newGameData.setIntTest(0); intStaticTest = newGameData.getIntTest(); Log.d("StaticGameData", "Well: IntStaticTest = " + intStaticTest); newGameData.setIntTest(1); Log.d("StaticGameData", "Well: IntStaticTest = " + intStaticTest + " newGameData: " + newGameData.getIntTest()); Intent intentNew = new Intent(this, PassData2Activity.class); startActivity (intentNew); } } // My test Activity to see if it can access the data and its previous state from the last activity package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; public class PassData2Activity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); GameData gamedataPass = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); Log.d("PassData2Activity", "IntTest = " + gamedataPass.getIntTest()); } } Below is the relevant portion of my manifest: <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".StaticGameData" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".PassData2Activity"></activity> </application> <application android:name=".GameData" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> </application> Thanks in advance for helping me understand why this code is crashing. Also, if you think this is just the wrong approach to let multiple activities have access to the same data, please give your suggestion. Please keep in mind that I am talking about quite a few variables and some large arrays.

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  • "C variable type sizes are machine dependent." Is it really true? signed & unsigned numbers ;

    - by claws
    Hello, I've been told that C types are machine dependent. Today I wanted to verify it. void legacyTypes() { /* character types */ char k_char = 'a'; //Signedness --> signed & unsigned signed char k_char_s = 'a'; unsigned char k_char_u = 'a'; /* integer types */ int k_int = 1; /* Same as "signed int" */ //Signedness --> signed & unsigned signed int k_int_s = -2; unsigned int k_int_u = 3; //Size --> short, _____, long, long long short int k_s_int = 4; long int k_l_int = 5; long long int k_ll_int = 6; /* real number types */ float k_float = 7; double k_double = 8; } I compiled it on a 32-Bit machine using minGW C compiler _legacyTypes: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $48, %esp movb $97, -1(%ebp) # char movb $97, -2(%ebp) # signed char movb $97, -3(%ebp) # unsigned char movl $1, -8(%ebp) # int movl $-2, -12(%ebp)# signed int movl $3, -16(%ebp) # unsigned int movw $4, -18(%ebp) # short int movl $5, -24(%ebp) # long int movl $6, -32(%ebp) # long long int movl $0, -28(%ebp) movl $0x40e00000, %eax movl %eax, -36(%ebp) fldl LC2 fstpl -48(%ebp) leave ret I compiled the same code on 64-Bit processor (Intel Core 2 Duo) on GCC (linux) legacyTypes: .LFB2: .cfi_startproc pushq %rbp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16 movq %rsp, %rbp .cfi_offset 6, -16 .cfi_def_cfa_register 6 movb $97, -1(%rbp) # char movb $97, -2(%rbp) # signed char movb $97, -3(%rbp) # unsigned char movl $1, -12(%rbp) # int movl $-2, -16(%rbp)# signed int movl $3, -20(%rbp) # unsigned int movw $4, -6(%rbp) # short int movq $5, -32(%rbp) # long int movq $6, -40(%rbp) # long long int movl $0x40e00000, %eax movl %eax, -24(%rbp) movabsq $4620693217682128896, %rax movq %rax, -48(%rbp) leave ret Observations char, signed char, unsigned char, int, unsigned int, signed int, short int, unsigned short int, signed short int all occupy same no. of bytes on both 32-Bit & 64-Bit Processor. The only change is in long int & long long int both of these occupy 32-bit on 32-bit machine & 64-bit on 64-bit machine. And also the pointers, which take 32-bit on 32-bit CPU & 64-bit on 64-bit CPU. Questions: I cannot say, what the books say is wrong. But I'm missing something here. What exactly does "Variable types are machine dependent mean?" As you can see, There is no difference between instructions for unsigned & signed numbers. Then how come the range of numbers that can be addressed using both is different? I was reading http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2511246/how-to-maintain-fixed-size-of-c-variable-types-over-different-machines I didn't get the purpose of the question or their answers. What maintaining fixed size? They all are the same. I didn't understand how those answers are going to ensure the same size.

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  • Are there supposed to be more restrictions on operator->* overloads?

    - by Potatoswatter
    I was perusing section 13.5 after refuting the notion that built-in operators do not participate in overload resolution, and noticed that there is no section on operator->*. It is just a generic binary operator. Its brethren, operator->, operator*, and operator[], are all required to be non-static member functions. This precludes definition of a free function overload to an operator commonly used to obtain a reference from an object. But the uncommon operator->* is left out. In particular, operator[] has many similarities. It is binary (they missed a golden opportunity to make it n-ary), and it accepts some kind of container on the left and some kind of locator on the right. Its special-rules section, 13.5.5, doesn't seem to have any actual effect except to outlaw free functions. (And that restriction even precludes support for commutativity!) So, for example, this is perfectly legal (in C++0x, remove obvious stuff to translate to C++03): #include <utility> #include <iostream> #include <type_traits> using namespace std; template< class F, class S > typename common_type< F,S >::type operator->*( pair<F,S> const &l, bool r ) { return r? l.second : l.first; } template< class T > T & operator->*( pair<T,T> &l, bool r ) { return r? l.second : l.first; } template< class T > T & operator->*( bool l, pair<T,T> &r ) { return l? r.second : r.first; } int main() { auto x = make_pair( 1, 2.3 ); cerr << x->*false << " " << x->*4 << endl; auto y = make_pair( 5, 6 ); y->*(0) = 7; y->*0->*y = 8; // evaluates to 7->*y = y.second cerr << y.first << " " << y.second << endl; } I can certainly imagine myself giving into temp[la]tation. For example, scaled indexes for vector: v->*matrix_width[5] = x; Did the standards committee forget to prevent this, was it considered too ugly to bother, or are there real-world use cases?

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  • android program crashing (new to platform)

    - by mutio
    So it is my first real Android program (!hello world), but i do have java experience.The program compiles fine, but on running it crashes as soon as it opens (tried debugging, but it crashes before it hits my breakpoint). Was looking for any advice from anyone who is more experienced with android. package org.me.tipcalculator; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.TextView; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import java.text.NumberFormat; import android.util.Log; public class TipCalculator extends Activity { public static final String tag = "TipCalculator"; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); setContentView(R.layout.main); final EditText mealpricefield = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.mealprice); final TextView answerfield = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.answer); final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.calculate); button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { try { Log.i(tag, "onClick invoked."); String mealprice = mealpricefield.getText().toString(); Log.i(tag, "mealprice is [" + mealprice + "]"); String answer = ""; if (mealprice.indexOf("$") == -1) { mealprice = "$" + mealprice; } float fmp = 0.0F; NumberFormat nf = java.text.NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(); fmp = nf.parse(mealprice).floatValue(); fmp *= 1.2; Log.i(tag, "Total Meal Price (unformatted) is [" + fmp + "]"); answer = "Full Price, including 20% Tip: " + nf.format(fmp); answerfield.setText(answer); Log.i(tag, "onClick Complete"); } catch(java.text.ParseException pe){ Log.i (tag ,"Parse exception caught"); answerfield.setText("Failed to parse amount?"); } catch(Exception e){ Log.e (tag ,"Failed to Calculate Tip:" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); answerfield.setText(e.getMessage()); } } } ); } Just in case it helps heres the xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Android Tip Calculator"/> <EditText android:id="@+id/mealprice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:autoText="true"/> <Button android:id="@+id/calculate" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Calculate Tip"/> <TextView android:id= "@+id/answer" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=""/> </LinearLayout>

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  • Please recommend me intermediate-to-advanced Python books to buy.

    - by anonnoir
    I'm in the final year, final semester of my law degree, and will be graduating very soon. (April, to be specific.) But before I begin practice, I plan to take 2 two months off, purely for serious programming study. So I'm currently looking for some Python-related books, gauged intermediate to advanced, which are interesting (because of the subject matter itself) and possibly useful to my future line of work. I've identified 2 possible purchases at the moment: Natural Language Processing with Python. The law deals mostly with words, and I've quite a number of ideas as to where I might go with NLP. Data extraction, summaries, client management systems linked with document templates, etc. Programming Collective Intelligence. This book fascinates me, because I've always liked the idea of machine learning (and I'm currently studying it by the side too, for fun). I'd like to build/play around with Web 2.0 applications; and who knows if I can apply some of the things I learn to my legal work. (E.g. Playground experiments to determine how and under what circumstances judges might be biased, by forcing algorithms to pore through judgments and calculate similarities, etc.) Please feel free to criticize my current choices, but do at least offer or recommend other books that I should read in their place. My budget can deal with 4 books, max. These books will be used heavily throughout the 2 months; I will be reading them back to back, absorbing the explanations given, and hacking away at their code. Also, the books themselves should satisfy 2 main criteria: Application. The book must teach how to solve problems. I like reading theory, but I want to build things and solve problems first. Even playful applications are fine, because games and experiments always have real-world applications sooner or later. Readability. I like reading technical books, no matter how difficult they are. I enjoy the effort and the feeling that you're learning something. But the book shouldn't contain code or explanations that are too cryptic or erratic. Even if it's difficult, the book's content should be accessible with focused reading. Note: I realize that I am somewhat of a beginner to the whole programming thing, so please don't put me down. But from experience, I think it's better to aim up and leave my comfort zone when learning new things, rather than to just remain stagnant the way I am. (At least the difficulty gives me focus: i.e. if a programmer can be that good, perhaps if I sustain my own efforts I too can be as good as him someday.) If anything, I'm also a very determined person, so two months of day-to-night intensive programming study with nothing else on my mind should, I think, give me a bit of a fighting chance to push my programming skills to a much higher level.

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  • Termite colony simulator using java

    - by ashii
    hi everyone, i hve to design a simulator that will maintain an environment, which consists of a collection of patches arranged in a rectangular grid of arbitrary size. Each patch contains zero or more wood chips. A patch may be occupied by one or more termites or predators, which are mobile entities that live within the world and behave according to simple rules. A TERMITE can pick up a wood chip from the patch that it is currently on, or drop a wood chip that it is carrying. Termites travel around the grid by moving randomly from their current patch to a neighbouring patch, in one of four possible directions. New termites may hatch from eggs, and this is simulated by the appearance of a new termite at a random patch within the environment. A PREDATOR moves in a similar way to termites, and if a predator moves onto a patch that is occupied by a termite, then the predator eats the termite. At initialization, the termites, predators, and wood chips are distributed randomly in the environment. Simulation then proceeds in a loop, and the new state of the environment is obtained at each iteration. i have designed the arena using jpanel but im not able to randomnly place wood,termite and predator in that arena. can any one help me out?? my code for the arena is as following: 01 import java.awt.*; 02 import javax.swing.*; 03 04 public class Arena extends JPanel 05 { 06 private static final int Rows = 8; 07 private static final int Cols = 8; 08 public void paint(Graphics g) 09 { 10 Dimension d = this.getSize(); 11 // don't draw both sets of squares, when you can draw one 12 // fill in the entire thing with one color 13 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); 14 // make the background 15 g.fillRect(0,0,d.width,d.height); 16 // draw only black 17 g.setColor(Color.BLACK); 18 // pick a square size based on the smallest dimension 19 int sqsize = ((d.width<d.height) ? d.width/Cols : d.height/Rows); 20 // loop for rows 21 for (int row=0; row<Rows; row++) 22 { 23 int y = row*sqsize; // y stays same for entire row, set here 24 int x = (row%2)*sqsize; // x starts at 0 or one square in 25 for (int i=0; i<Cols/2; i++) 26 { 27 // you will only be drawing half the squares per row 28 // draw square 29 g.fillRect(x,y,sqsize,sqsize); 30 // move two square sizes over 31 x += sqsize*2; 32 } 33 } 34 35 } 36 37 38 39 public void update(Graphics g) { paint(g); } 40 41 42 43 public static void main (String[] args) 44 { 45 46 JFrame frame = new JFrame("Arena"); 47 frame.setSize(600,400); 48 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 49 frame.setContentPane(new Arena()); 50 frame.setVisible(true); 51 } 52 53 }

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  • mySQL to .XSL help

    - by kielie
    hi guys, I have to create a script that takes a mySQL table, and exports it into .XSL format, and then saves that file into a specified folder on the web host. I got it working, but now I can't seem to get it to automatically save the file to the location without prompting the user. It needs to run every day at a specified time, so it can save the previous days leads into a .XSL file on the web host. Here is the code: <?php // DB TABLE Exporter // // How to use: // // Place this file in a safe place, edit the info just below here // browse to the file, enjoy! // CHANGE THIS STUFF FOR WHAT YOU NEED TO DO $dbhost = "-"; $dbuser = "-"; $dbpass = "-"; $dbname = "-"; $dbtable = "-"; // END CHANGING STUFF $cdate = date("Y-m-d"); // get current date // first thing that we are going to do is make some functions for writing out // and excel file. These functions do some hex writing and to be honest I got // them from some where else but hey it works so I am not going to question it // just reuse // This one makes the beginning of the xls file function xlsBOF() { echo pack("ssssss", 0x809, 0x8, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0); return; } // This one makes the end of the xls file function xlsEOF() { echo pack("ss", 0x0A, 0x00); return; } // this will write text in the cell you specify function xlsWriteLabel($Row, $Col, $Value ) { $L = strlen($Value); echo pack("ssssss", 0x204, 8 + $L, $Row, $Col, 0x0, $L); echo $Value; return; } // make the connection an DB query $dbc = mysql_connect( $dbhost , $dbuser , $dbpass ) or die( mysql_error() ); mysql_select_db( $dbname ); $q = "SELECT * FROM ".$dbtable." WHERE date ='$cdate'"; $qr = mysql_query( $q ) or die( mysql_error() ); // Ok now we are going to send some headers so that this // thing that we are going make comes out of browser // as an xls file. // header("Pragma: public"); header("Expires: 0"); header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0"); header("Content-Type: application/force-download"); header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream"); header("Content-Type: application/download"); //this line is important its makes the file name header("Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=export_".$dbtable.".xls "); header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary "); // start the file xlsBOF(); // these will be used for keeping things in order. $col = 0; $row = 0; // This tells us that we are on the first row $first = true; while( $qrow = mysql_fetch_assoc( $qr ) ) { // Ok we are on the first row // lets make some headers of sorts if( $first ) { foreach( $qrow as $k => $v ) { // take the key and make label // make it uppper case and replace _ with ' ' xlsWriteLabel( $row, $col, strtoupper( ereg_replace( "_" , " " , $k ) ) ); $col++; } // prepare for the first real data row $col = 0; $row++; $first = false; } // go through the data foreach( $qrow as $k => $v ) { // write it out xlsWriteLabel( $row, $col, $v ); $col++; } // reset col and goto next row $col = 0; $row++; } xlsEOF(); exit(); ?> I tried using, fwrite to accomplish this, but it didn't seem to go very well, I removed the header information too, but nothing worked. Here is the original code, as I found it, any help would be greatly appreciated. :-) Thanx in advance. :-)

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  • extensible database design: automatic ALTER TABLE or serialize() field BLOB ?

    - by mario
    I want an adaptable database scheme. But still use a simple table data gateway in my application, where I just pass an $data[] array for storing. The basic columns are settled in the initial table scheme. There will however arise a couple of meta fields later (ca 10-20). I want some flexibility there and not adapt the database manually each time, or -worse- change the application logic just because of new fields. So now there are two options which seem workable yet not overkill. But I'm not sure about the scalability or database drawbacks. (1) Automatic ALTER TABLE. Whenever the $data array is to be saved, the keys are compared against the current database columns. New columns get defined before the $data is INSERTed into the table. Actually seems simple enough in test code: function save($data, $table="forum") { // columns if ($new_fields = array_diff(array_keys($data), known_fields($table))) { extend_schema($table, $new_fields, $data); } // save $columns = implode("`, `", array_keys($data)); $qm = str_repeat(",?", count(array_keys($data)) - 1); echo ("INSERT INTO `$table` (`$columns`) VALUES (?$qm);"); function known_fields($table) { return unserialize(@file_get_contents("db:$table")) ?: array("id"); function extend_schema($table, $new_fields, $data) { foreach ($new_fields as $field) { echo("ALTER TABLE `$table` ADD COLUMN `$field` VARCHAR;"); Since it is mostly meta information fields, adding them just as VARCHAR seems sufficient. Nobody will query by them anyway. So the database is really just used as storage here. However, while I might want to add a lot of new $data fields on the go, they will not always be populated. (2) serialize() fields into BLOB. Any new/extraneous meta fields could be opaque to the database. Simply sorting out the virtual fields from the real database columns is simple. And the meta fields can just be serialize()d into a blob/text field then: function ext_save($data, $table="forum") { $db_fields = array("id", "content", "flags", "ext"); // disjoin foreach (array_diff(array_keys($data),$db_fields) as $key) { $data["ext"][$key] = $data[$key]; unset($data[$key]); } $data["ext"] = serialize($data["ext"]); Unserializing and unpacking this 'ext' column on read queries is a minor overhead. The advantage is that there won't be any sparsely filled columns in the database, so I guess it's compacter and faster than the AUTO ALTER TABLE approach. Of course, this method prevents ever using one of the new fields in a WHERE or GROUP BY clause. But I think none of the possible meta fields (user_agent, author_ip, author_img, votes, hits, last_modified, ..) would/should ever be used there anyway. So I currently prefer the 'ext' blob approach, even if it's a one-way ticket. How are such columns called usually? (looking for examples/doc) Would you use XML serialization for (very theoretical) in-database queries? The adapting table scheme seems a "cleaner" interface, even if most columns might remain empty then. How does that impact speed? How many such sparse VARCHAR fields can MySQL/innodb stomach? But most importantly: Is there any standard implementation for this? A pseudo ORM with automatic ALTER TABLE tricks? Storing a simple column list seems workable, but something like pdo::getColumnMeta would be more robust.

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  • java ioexception error=24 too many files open

    - by MattS
    I'm writing a genetic algorithm that needs to read/write lots of files. The fitness test for the GA is invoking a program called gradif, which takes a file as input and produces a file as output. Everything is working except when I make the population size and/or the total number of generations of the genetic algorithm too large. Then, after so many generations, I start getting this: java.io.FileNotFoundException: testfiles/GradifOut29 (Too many open files). (I get it repeatedly for many different files, the index 29 was just the one that came up first last time I ran it). It's strange because I'm not getting the error after the first or second generation, but after a significant amount of generations, which would suggest that each generation opens up more files that it doesn't close. But as far as I can tell I'm closing all of the files. The way the code is set up is the main() function is in the Population class, and the Population class contains an array of Individuals. Here's my code: Initial creation of input files (they're random access so that I could reuse the same file across multiple generations) files = new RandomAccessFile[popSize]; for(int i=0; i<popSize; i++){ files[i] = new RandomAccessFile("testfiles/GradifIn"+i, "rw"); } At the end of the entire program: for(int i=0; i<individuals.length; i++){ files[i].close(); } Inside the Individual's fitness test: FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("testfiles/GradifIn"+index); FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("testfiles/GradifOut"+index); Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec ("./gradif"); OutputStream stdin = process.getOutputStream(); InputStream stdout = process.getInputStream(); Then, later.... try{ fin.close(); fout.close(); stdin.close(); stdout.close(); process.getErrorStream().close(); }catch (IOException ioe){ ioe.printStackTrace(); } Then, afterwards, I append an 'END' to the files to make parsing them easier. FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("testfiles/GradifOut"+index, true); writer.write("END"); try{ writer.close(); }catch(IOException ioe){ ioe.printStackTrace(); } My redirection of stdin and stdout for gradif are from this answer. I tried using the try{close()}catch{} syntax to see if there was a problem with closing any of the files (there wasn't), and I got that from this answer. It should also be noted that the Individuals' fitness tests run concurrently. UPDATE: I've actually been able to narrow it down to the exec() call. In my most recent run, I first ran in to trouble at generation 733 (with a population size of 100). Why are the earlier generations fine? I don't understand why, if there's no leaking, the algorithm should be able to pass earlier generations but fail on later generations. And if there is leaking, then where is it coming from? UPDATE2: In trying to figure out what's going on here, I would like to be able to see (preferably in real-time) how many files the JVM has open at any given point. Is there an easy way to do that?

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  • Game logic dynamically extendable architecture implementation patterns

    - by Vlad
    When coding games there are a lot of cases when you need to inject your logic into existing class dynamically and without making unnecessary dependencies. For an example I have a Rabbit which can be affected by freeze ability so it can't jump. It could be implemented like this: class Rabbit { public bool CanJump { get; set; } void Jump() { if (!CanJump) return; ... } } But If I have more than one ability that can prevent it from jumping? I can't just set one property because some circumstances can be activated simultanously. Another solution? class Rabbit { public bool Frozen { get; set; } public bool InWater { get; set; } bool CanJump { get { return !Frozen && !InWater; } } } Bad. The Rabbit class can't know all the circumstances it can run into. Who knows what else will game designer want to add: may be an ability that changes gravity on an area? May be make a stack of bool values for CanJump property? No, because abilities can be deactivated not in that order in which they were activated. I need a way to seperate ability logic that prevent the Rabbit from jumping from the Rabbit itself. One possible solution for this is making special checking event: class Rabbit { class CheckJumpEventArgs : EventArgs { public bool Veto { get; set; } } public event EventHandler<CheckJumpEvent> OnCheckJump; void Jump() { var args = new CheckJumpEventArgs(); if (OnCheckJump != null) OnCheckJump(this, args); if (!args.Veto) return; ... } } But it's a lot of code! A real Rabbit class would have a lot of properties like this (health and speed attributes, etc). I'm thinking of borrowing something from MVVM pattern where you have all the properties and methods of an object implemented in a way where they can be easily extended from outside. Then I want to use it like this: class FreezeAbility { void ActivateAbility() { _rabbit.CanJump.Push(ReturnFalse); } void DeactivateAbility() { _rabbit.CanJump.Remove(ReturnFalse); } // should be implemented as instance member // so it can be "unsubscribed" bool ReturnFalse(bool previousValue) { return false; } } Is this approach good? What also should I consider? What are other suitable options and patterns? Any ready to use solutions? UPDATE The question is not about how to add different behaviors to an object dynamically but how its (or its behavior) implementation can be extended with external logic. I don't need to add a different behavior but I need a way to modify an exitsing one and I also need a possibiliity to undo changes.

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  • How do I learn algorithms?

    - by Panthe
    Brief History: Just graduated high school, learned a bit of python and C++, have no friends with any helpful computer knowledge at all. Out of anyone i met in my school years I was probably the biggest nerd, but no one really knew. I consider my self to have a vast amount of knowledge on computers and tech then the average person. built/fixed tons of computers, and ability to troubleshoot pretty much any problem I came across. Now that high school is over, Ive really been thinking about my career. Loving, living computers for the past 15 years of my life I decided to take my ability's and try to learn computer programming, why I didn't start earlier I don't know, seems to be big mistake on my part... Doing some research I concluded that Python was the first programming language I should learn, since it was high level and easier to understand then C++ and Java. I also knew that to become good at what I did I needed to know more then just 2 or 3 languages, which didn't seem like a big problem considering once I learned the way Python worked, mainly syntax changed, and the rest would come naturally. I watched a couple of youtube videos, downloaded some book pdf's and snooped around from some tutorials here and there to get the hang of what to do. A two solid weeks had passed of trying to understand the syntax, create small programs that used the basic functions and understanding how it worked, I think i have got the hang of it. It breaks down into what ive been dealing with all this time (although i kinda knew) is that, input,output, loops, functions and other things derived from 0's and 1's storing data and recalling it, ect. (A VERY BASIC IDEA). Ive been able to create small programs, Hangman, file storing, temperature conversion, Caeser Cipher decode/encoding, Fibonacci Sequence and more, which i can create and understand how each work. Being 2 weeks into this, I have learned alot. Nothing at all compared to what i should be lear ning in the years to come if i get a grip on what I'm doing. While doing these programs I wont stop untill I've done doing a practice problem on a book, which embarresing enough will take me a couple hour depending on the complexity of it. I absolutly will not put aside the challenge until its complete, WHICH CAN BE EXTREMELY DRAINING, ive tried most problems without cheating and reached success, which makes me feel extremely proud of my self after completing something after much trial and error. After all this I have met the demon, alogrithm's which seem to be key to effiecent code. I cant seem to rap my head around some of the computer codes people put out there using numbers, and sometimes even basic functions, I have been able to understand them after a while but i know there are alot more complex things to come, considering my self smart, functions that require complex codes, actually hurt my brain. NOTHING EVER IN LIFE HURT MY BRAIN....... not even math classes in highschool, trying to understand some of the stuff people put out there makes me feel like i have a mental disadvantage lol... i still walk forward though, crossing my fingers that the understanding will come with time. Sorry if is this is long i just wish someone takes all these things into consideration when answering my question. even through all these downsides im still pushing through and continuing to try and get good at this, i know reading these tutorials wont make me any good unless i can become creative and make my own, understand other peoples programs, so this leads me to the simple question i could have asked in the beginning..... WHERE IN THE WORLD DO I START ? Ive been trying to find out how to understand some of the open source projects, how i can work with experianced coders to learn from them and help them, but i dont think thats even possible by the way how far people's knowledge is compared to me, i have no freinds who i can learn from, can someone help me and guide me into the right direction.. i have a huge motivation to get good at coding, anything information would be extremely helpful

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  • Agile: User Stories for Machine Learning Project?

    - by benjismith
    I've just finished up with a prototype implementation of a supervised learning algorithm, automatically assigning categorical tags to all the items in our company database (roughly 5 million items). The results look good, and I've been given the go-ahead to plan the production implementation project. I've done this kind of work before, so I know how the functional components of the software. I need a collection of web crawlers to fetch data. I need to extract features from the crawled documents. Those documents need to be segregated into a "training set" and a "classification set", and feature-vectors need to be extracted from each document. Those feature vectors are self-organized into clusters, and the clusters are passed through a series of rebalancing operations. Etc etc etc etc. So I put together a plan, with about 30 unique development/deployment tasks, each with time estimates. The first stage of development -- ignoring some advanced features that we'd like to have in the long-term, but aren't high enough priority to make it into the development schedule yet -- is slated for about two months worth of work. (Keep in mind that I already have a working prototype, so the final implementation is significantly simpler than if the project was starting from scratch.) My manager said the plan looked good to him, but he asked if I could reorganize the tasks into user stories, for a few reasons: (1) our project management software is totally organized around user stories; (2) all of our scheduling is based on fitting entire user stories into sprints, rather than individually scheduling tasks; (3) other teams -- like the web developers -- have made great use of agile methodologies, and they've benefited from modelling all the software features as user stories. So I created a user story at the top level of the project: As a user of the system, I want to search for items by category, so that I can easily find the most relevant items within a huge, complex database. Or maybe a better top-level story for this feature would be: As a content editor, I want to automatically create categorical designations for the items in our database, so that customers can easily find high-value data within our huge, complex database. But that's not the real problem. The tricky part, for me, is figuring out how to create subordinate user stories for the rest of the machine learning architecture. Case in point... I know that the algorithm requires two major architectural subdivisions: (A) training, and (B) classification. And I know that the training portion of the architecture requires construction of a cluster-space. All the Agile Development literature I've read seems to indicate that a user story should be the "smallest possible implementation that provides any business value". And that makes a lot of sense when designing a piece of end-user software. Start small, and then incrementally add value when users demand additional functionality. But a cluster-space, in and of itself, provides zero business value. Nor does a crawler, or a feature-extractor. There's no business value (not for the end-user, or for any of the roles internal to the company) in a partial system. A trained cluster-space is only possible with the crawler and feature extractor, and only relevant if we also develop an accompanying classifier. I suppose it would be possible to create user stories where the subordinate components of the system act as the users in the stories: As a supervised-learning cluster-space construction routine, I want to consume data from a feature extractor, so that I can exist. But that seems really weird. What benefit does it provide me as the developer (or our users, or any other stakeholders, for that matter) to model my user stories like that? Although the main story can be easily divided along architectural-component boundaries (crawler, trainer, classifier, etc), I can't think of any useful decomposition from a user's perspective. What do you guys think? How do you plan Agile user stories for sophisticated, indivisible, non-user-facing components?

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  • Why is SQLite3 using covering indices instead of the indices I created?

    - by Geoff
    I have an extremely large database (contacts has ~3 billion entries, people has ~280 million entries, and the other tables have a negligible number of entries). Most other queries I've run are really fast. However, I've encountered a more complicated query that's really slow. I'm wondering if there's any way to speed this up. First of all, here is my schema: CREATE TABLE activities (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL); CREATE TABLE contacts ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, person1_id INTEGER NOT NULL, person2_id INTEGER NOT NULL, duration REAL NOT NULL, -- hours activity_id INTEGER NOT NULL -- FOREIGN_KEY(person1_id) REFERENCES people(id), -- FOREIGN_KEY(person2_id) REFERENCES people(id) ); CREATE TABLE people ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, state_id INTEGER NOT NULL, county_id INTEGER NOT NULL, age INTEGER NOT NULL, gender TEXT NOT NULL, -- M or F income INTEGER NOT NULL -- FOREIGN_KEY(state_id) REFERENCES states(id) ); CREATE TABLE states ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, abbreviation TEXT NOT NULL ); CREATE INDEX activities_name_index on activities(name); CREATE INDEX contacts_activity_id_index on contacts(activity_id); CREATE INDEX contacts_duration_index on contacts(duration); CREATE INDEX contacts_person1_id_index on contacts(person1_id); CREATE INDEX contacts_person2_id_index on contacts(person2_id); CREATE INDEX people_age_index on people(age); CREATE INDEX people_county_id_index on people(county_id); CREATE INDEX people_gender_index on people(gender); CREATE INDEX people_income_index on people(income); CREATE INDEX people_state_id_index on people(state_id); CREATE INDEX states_abbreviation_index on states(abbreviation); CREATE INDEX states_name_index on states(name); Note that I've created an index on every column in the database. I don't care about the size of the database; speed is all I care about. Here's an example of a query that, as expected, runs almost instantly: SELECT count(*) FROM people, states WHERE people.state_id=states.id and states.abbreviation='IA'; Here's the troublesome query: SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE rowid IN (SELECT contacts.rowid FROM contacts, people, states WHERE contacts.person1_id=people.id AND people.state_id=states.id AND states.name='Kansas' INTERSECT SELECT contacts.rowid FROM contacts, people, states WHERE contacts.person2_id=people.id AND people.state_id=states.id AND states.name='Missouri'); Now, what I think would happen is that each subquery would use each relevant index I've created to speed this up. However, when I show the query plan, I see this: sqlite> EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE rowid IN (SELECT contacts.rowid FROM contacts, people, states WHERE contacts.person1_id=people.id AND people.state_id=states.id AND states.name='Kansas' INTERSECT SELECT contacts.rowid FROM contacts, people, states WHERE contacts.person2_id=people.id AND people.state_id=states.id AND states.name='Missouri'); 0|0|0|SEARCH TABLE contacts USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) (~25 rows) 0|0|0|EXECUTE LIST SUBQUERY 1 2|0|2|SEARCH TABLE states USING COVERING INDEX states_name_index (name=?) (~1 rows) 2|1|1|SEARCH TABLE people USING COVERING INDEX people_state_id_index (state_id=?) (~5569556 rows) 2|2|0|SEARCH TABLE contacts USING COVERING INDEX contacts_person1_id_index (person1_id=?) (~12 rows) 3|0|2|SEARCH TABLE states USING COVERING INDEX states_name_index (name=?) (~1 rows) 3|1|1|SEARCH TABLE people USING COVERING INDEX people_state_id_index (state_id=?) (~5569556 rows) 3|2|0|SEARCH TABLE contacts USING COVERING INDEX contacts_person2_id_index (person2_id=?) (~12 rows) 1|0|0|COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 2 AND 3 USING TEMP B-TREE (INTERSECT) In fact, if I show the query plan for the first query I posted, I get this: sqlite> EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT count(*) FROM people, states WHERE people.state_id=states.id and states.abbreviation='IA'; 0|0|1|SEARCH TABLE states USING COVERING INDEX states_abbreviation_index (abbreviation=?) (~1 rows) 0|1|0|SEARCH TABLE people USING COVERING INDEX people_state_id_index (state_id=?) (~5569556 rows) Why is SQLite using covering indices instead of the indices I created? Shouldn't the search in the people table be able to happen in log(n) time given state_id which in turn is found in log(n) time?

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  • Problems with createImage(int width, int height)

    - by Jonathan
    I have the following code, which is run every 10ms as part of a game: private void gameRender() { if(dbImage == null) { //createImage() returns null if GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() //returns true. (java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment) dbImage = createImage(PWIDTH, PHEIGHT); if(dbImage == null) { System.out.println("dbImage is null"); //Error recieved return; } else dbg = dbImage.getGraphics(); } //clear the background dbg.setColor(Color.white); dbg.fillRect(0, 0, PWIDTH, PHEIGHT); //draw game elements... if(gameOver) { gameOverMessage(dbg); } } The problem is that it enters the if statement which checks for the Image being null, even after I attempt to define the image. I looked around, and it seems that createImage() will return null if GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true. I don't understand exactly what the isHeadless() method's purpose is, but I thought it might have something to do with the compiler or IDE, so I tried on two, both of which get the same error (Eclipse, and BlueJ). Anyone have any idea what the source of the error is, and how I might fix it? Thanks in advance Jonathan ................................................................... EDIT: I am using java.awt.Component.createImage(int width, int height). The purpose of this method is to ensure the creation of, and edit an Image that will contain the view of the player of the game, that will later be drawn to the screen by means of a JPanel. Here is some more code if this helps at all: public class Sim2D extends JPanel implements Runnable { private static final int PWIDTH = 500; private static final int PHEIGHT = 400; private volatile boolean running = true; private volatile boolean gameOver = false; private Thread animator; //gameRender() private Graphics dbg; private Image dbImage = null; public Sim2D() { setBackground(Color.white); setPreferredSize(new Dimension(PWIDTH, PHEIGHT)); setFocusable(true); requestFocus(); //Sim2D now recieves key events readyForTermination(); addMouseListener( new MouseAdapter() { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { testPress(e.getX(), e.getY()); } }); } //end of constructor private void testPress(int x, int y) { if(!gameOver) { gameOver = true; //end game at mousepress } } //end of testPress() private void readyForTermination() { addKeyListener( new KeyAdapter() { public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); if((keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) || (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_Q) || (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_END) || ((keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_C) && e.isControlDown()) ) { running = false; //end process on above list of keypresses } } }); } //end of readyForTermination() public void addNotify() { super.addNotify(); //creates the peer startGame(); //start the thread } //end of addNotify() public void startGame() { if(animator == null || !running) { animator = new Thread(this); animator.start(); } } //end of startGame() //run method for world public void run() { while(running) { long beforeTime, timeDiff, sleepTime; beforeTime = System.nanoTime(); gameUpdate(); //updates objects in game (step event in game) gameRender(); //renders image paintScreen(); //paints rendered image to screen timeDiff = (System.nanoTime() - beforeTime) / 1000000; sleepTime = 10 - timeDiff; if(sleepTime <= 0) //if took longer than 10ms { sleepTime = 5; //sleep a bit anyways } try{ Thread.sleep(sleepTime); //sleep by allotted time (attempts to keep this loop to about 10ms) } catch(InterruptedException ex){} beforeTime = System.nanoTime(); } System.exit(0); } //end of run() private void gameRender() { if(dbImage == null) { dbImage = createImage(PWIDTH, PHEIGHT); if(dbImage == null) { System.out.println("dbImage is null"); return; } else dbg = dbImage.getGraphics(); } //clear the background dbg.setColor(Color.white); dbg.fillRect(0, 0, PWIDTH, PHEIGHT); //draw game elements... if(gameOver) { gameOverMessage(dbg); } } //end of gameRender() } //end of class Sim2D Hope this helps clear things up a bit, Jonathan

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  • How to concatenate the contents of all children of a node in XPath?

    - by Brian
    Is it possible with XPath to get a concatenated view of all of the children of a node? I am looking for something like the JQuery .html() method. For example, if I have the following XML: <h3 class="title"> <span class="content">this</span> <span class="content"> is</span> <span class="content"> some</span> <span class="content"> text</span> </h3> I would like an XPath query on "h3[@class='title']" that would give me "this is some text". That is the real question, but if more context/background is helpful, here it is: I am using XPath and I used this post to help me write some complex XSL. My source XML looks like this. <h3 class="title">Title</h3> <p> <span class="content">Some</span> <span class="content"> text</span> <span class="content"> for</span> <span class="content"> this</span> <span class="content"> section</span> </p> <p> <span class="content">Another</span> <span class="content"> paragraph</span> </p> <h3 class="title"> <span class="content">Title</span> <span class="content"> 2</span> <span class="content"> is</span> <span class="content"> complex</span> </h3> <p> <span class="content">Here</span> <span class="content"> is</span> <span class="content"> some</span> <span class="content"> text</span> </p> My output XML considers each <h3> as well as all <p> tags until the next <h3>. I wrote the XSL as follows: <xsl:template match="h3[@class='title']"> ... <xsl:apply-templates select="following-sibling::p[ generate-id(preceding-sibling::h3[1][@class='title'][text()=current()/text()]) = generate-id(current()) ]"/> ... </xsl:template> The problem is that I use the text() method to identify h3s that are the same. In the example above, the "Title 2 is complex" title's text() method returns whitespace. My thought was to use a method like JQuery's .html that would return me "Title 2 is complex"

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  • How do I get around this lambda expression outer variable issue?

    - by panamack
    I'm playing with PropertyDescriptor and ICustomTypeDescriptor (still) trying to bind a WPF DataGrid to an object, for which the data is stored in a Dictionary. Since if you pass WPF DataGrid a list of Dictionary objects it will auto generate columns based on the public properties of a dictionary (Comparer, Count, Keys and Values) my Person subclasses Dictionary and implements ICustomTypeDescriptor. ICustomTypeDescriptor defines a GetProperties method which returns a PropertyDescriptorCollection. PropertyDescriptor is abstract so you have to subclass it, I figured I'd have a constructor that took Func and an Action parameters that delegate the getting and setting of the values in the dictionary. I then create a PersonPropertyDescriptor for each Key in the dictionary like this: foreach (string s in this.Keys) { var descriptor = new PersonPropertyDescriptor( s, new Func<object>(() => { return this[s]; }), new Action<object>(o => { this[s] = o; })); propList.Add(descriptor); } The problem is that each property get's its own Func and Action but they all share the outer variable s so although the DataGrid autogenerates columns for "ID","FirstName","LastName", "Age", "Gender" they all get and set against "Gender" which is the final resting value of s in the foreach loop. How can I ensure that each delegate uses the desired dictionary Key, i.e. the value of s at the time the Func/Action is instantiated? Much obliged. Here's the rest of my idea, I'm just experimenting here these are not 'real' classes... // DataGrid binds to a People instance public class People : List<Person> { public People() { this.Add(new Person()); } } public class Person : Dictionary<string, object>, ICustomTypeDescriptor { private static PropertyDescriptorCollection descriptors; public Person() { this["ID"] = "201203"; this["FirstName"] = "Bud"; this["LastName"] = "Tree"; this["Age"] = 99; this["Gender"] = "M"; } //... other ICustomTypeDescriptor members... public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties() { if (descriptors == null) { var propList = new List<PropertyDescriptor>(); foreach (string s in this.Keys) { var descriptor = new PersonPropertyDescriptor( s, new Func<object>(() => { return this[s]; }), new Action<object>(o => { this[s] = o; })); propList.Add(descriptor); } descriptors = new PropertyDescriptorCollection(propList.ToArray()); } return descriptors; } //... other other ICustomTypeDescriptor members... } public class PersonPropertyDescriptor : PropertyDescriptor { private Func<object> getFunc; private Action<object> setAction; public PersonPropertyDescriptor(string name, Func<object> getFunc, Action<object> setAction) : base(name, null) { this.getFunc = getFunc; this.setAction = setAction; } // other ... PropertyDescriptor members... public override object GetValue(object component) { return getFunc(); } public override void SetValue(object component, object value) { setAction(value); } }

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  • Strange thing on IPv6 multicast program on Windows

    - by zhanglistar
    I have written an ipv6 multicast program on windows xp sp3. But a problem bothers me a lot. The sendto function implies no error, but I can't capture the packet using wireshark. I am sure the filter is right. Thanks in advance. And the code is as follows: #include "stdafx.h" #include <stdio.h> /* for printf() and fprintf() */ #include <winsock2.h> /* for socket(), connect(), sendto(), and recvfrom() */ #include <ws2tcpip.h> /* for ip_mreq */ #include <stdlib.h> /* for atoi() and exit() */ #include <string.h> /* for memset() */ #include <time.h> /* for timestamps */ #include <pcap.h> #include <Iphlpapi.h> #pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "wpcap.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "Iphlpapi.lib") int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { int sfd; int on, length, iResult; WSADATA wsaData; struct addrinfo Hints; struct addrinfo *multicastAddr, *localAddr; char buf[46]; // Initialize Winsock iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData); if (iResult != 0) { printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult); return 1; } /* Resolve destination address for multicast datagrams */ memset(&Hints, 0, sizeof (Hints)); Hints.ai_family = AF_INET6; Hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; Hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP; Hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; iResult = getaddrinfo("FF02::1:2", "547", &Hints, &multicastAddr); if (iResult != 0) { /* error handling */ printf("socket error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return -1; } /* Get a local address with the same family (IPv4 or IPv6) as our multicast group */ Hints.ai_family = multicastAddr->ai_family; Hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; Hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; /* Return an address we can bind to */ if ( getaddrinfo(NULL, "546", &Hints, &localAddr) != 0 ) { printf("getaddrinfo() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); exit(-1); } // Create sending socket //sfd = socket (multicastAddr->ai_family, multicastAddr->ai_socktype, multicastAddr->ai_protocol); sfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); if (sfd == -1) { printf("socket error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } /* Bind to the multicast port */ if ( bind(sfd, localAddr->ai_addr, localAddr->ai_addrlen) != 0 ) { printf("bind() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); exit(-1); } if (multicastAddr->ai_family == AF_INET6 && multicastAddr->ai_addrlen == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) /* IPv6 */ { on = 1; if (setsockopt (sfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, (char *)&on, sizeof (on) /*(char *)&interface_addr, sizeof(interface_addr)*/) == -1) { printf("setsockopt error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return -1; } if (setsockopt (sfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP, (char *)&on, sizeof (on) /*(char *)&interface_addr, sizeof(interface_addr)*/) == -1) { printf("setsockopt error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return -1; } struct ipv6_mreq multicastRequest; /* Multicast address join structure */ /* Specify the multicast group */ memcpy(&multicastRequest.ipv6mr_multiaddr, &((struct sockaddr_in6*)(multicastAddr->ai_addr))->sin6_addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr)); /* Accept multicast from any interface */ multicastRequest.ipv6mr_interface = 0; /* Join the multicast address */ if ( setsockopt(sfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, (char*) &multicastRequest, sizeof(multicastRequest)) != 0 ) { printf("setsockopt() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return -1; } on = 1; if (setsockopt (sfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, (char *)&on, sizeof (on)) == -1) { printf("setsockopt error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } } memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); strcpy(buf, "hello world"); iResult = sendto(sfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (LPSOCKADDR) multicastAddr->ai_addr, multicastAddr->ai_addrlen); if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("setsockopt error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError()); return -1; /* Error handling */ } return 0; }

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  • REST WCF service locks thread when called using AJAX in an ASP.Net site

    - by Jupaol
    I have a WCF REST service consumed in an ASP.Net site, from a page, using AJAX. I want to be able to call methods from my service async, which means I will have callback handlers in my javascript code and when the methods finish, the output will be updated. The methods should run in different threads, because each method will take different time to complete their task I have the code semi-working, but something strange is happening because the first time I execute the code after compiling, it works, running each call in a different threads but subsequent calls blocs the service, in such a way that each method call has to wait until the last call ends in order to execute the next one. And they are running on the same thread. I have had the same problem before when I was using Page Methods, and I solved it by disabling the session in the page but I have not figured it out how to do the same when consuming WCF REST services Note: Methods complete time (running them async should take only 7 sec and the result should be: Execute1 - Execute3 - Execute2) Execute1 -- 2 sec Execute2 -- 7 sec Execute3 -- 4 sec Output After compiling Output subsequent calls (this is the problem) I will post the code...I'll try to simplify it as much as I can Service Contract [ServiceContract( SessionMode = SessionMode.NotAllowed )] public interface IMyService { // I have other 3 methods like these: Execute2 and Execute3 [OperationContract] [WebInvoke( RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, UriTemplate = "/Execute1", Method = "POST")] string Execute1(string param); } [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)] [ServiceBehavior( InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall )] public class MyService : IMyService { // I have other 3 methods like these: Execute2 (7 sec) and Execute3(4 sec) public string Execute1(string param) { var t = Observable.Start(() => Thread.Sleep(2000), Scheduler.NewThread); t.First(); return string.Format("Execute1 on: {0} count: {1} at: {2} thread: {3}", param, "0", DateTime.Now.ToString(), Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString()); } } ASPX page <%@ Page EnableSessionState="False" Title="Home Page" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="RestService._Default" %> <asp:Content ID="HeaderContent" runat="server" ContentPlaceHolderID="HeadContent"> <script type="text/javascript"> function callMethodAsync(url, data) { $("#message").append("<br/>" + new Date()); $.ajax({ cache: false, type: "POST", async: true, url: url, data: '"de"', contentType: "application/json", dataType: "json", success: function (msg) { $("#message").append("<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" + msg); }, error: function (xhr) { alert(xhr.responseText); } }); } $(function () { $("#callMany").click(function () { $("#message").html(""); callMethodAsync("/Execute1", "hello"); callMethodAsync("/Execute2", "crazy"); callMethodAsync("/Execute3", "world"); }); }); </script> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="BodyContent" runat="server" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"> <input type="button" id="callMany" value="Post Many" /> <div id="message"> </div> </asp:Content> Web.config (relevant) <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true" /> </system.webServer> <system.serviceModel> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> <standardEndpoints> <webHttpEndpoint> <standardEndpoint name="" helpEnabled="true" automaticFormatSelectionEnabled="true" /> </webHttpEndpoint> </standardEndpoints> </system.serviceModel> Global.asax void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { RouteTable.Routes.Ignore("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); RouteTable.Routes.Add(new ServiceRoute("", new WebServiceHostFactory(), typeof(MyService))); }

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  • Mbean registered but not found in mbean Server

    - by Prisco
    I have a problem about the mbeans. I have created a simple mbean and I have registered it on the default mBeanServer that is run (Via eclipse or java -jar mbean.jar) and in the same process if I try to fouund the mbean registered with a simple query: for (ObjectInstance instance : mbs.queryMBeans(ObjectNameMbean, null)) { System.out.println(instance.toString()); } the query retuerns my mbean, but if I start another process and try to search this mbean registered the mbeas is not found! why? The approch is : (Process that is running) public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { MBeanServer mbeanServer =ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer(); ObjectName objectName = new ObjectName(ObjectNameMbean); Simple simple = new Simple (1, 0); mbeanServer.registerMBean(simple, objectName); while (true) { wait (Is this necessary?) } } So this is the first process that is running (that has the only pourpose to registry the mbean, because there is another process that want to read these informations. So I start another process to search this mbean but nothing. I 'm not using jboss but the local Java virtual Machine but my scope is to deploy this simple application in one ejb (autostart) and another ejb will read all informations. All suggestions are really apprecciated. This example should be more useful : Object Hello: public class Hello implements HelloMBean { public void sayHello() { System.out.println("hello, world"); } public int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public int getCacheSize() { return this.cacheSize; } public synchronized void setCacheSize(int size) { this.cacheSize = size; System.out.println("Cache size now " + this.cacheSize); } private final String name = "Reginald"; private int cacheSize = DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE; private static final int DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE = 200; } Interface HelloBean (implemented by Hello) public interface HelloMBean { public void sayHello(); public int add(int x, int y); public String getName(); public int getCacheSize(); public void setCacheSize(int size); } Simple Main import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.management.MBeanServer; import javax.management.ObjectName; public class Main { static Logger aLog = Logger.getLogger("MBeanTest"); public static void main(String[] args) { try{ MBeanServer mbs = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer(); ObjectName name = new ObjectName("ApplicationDomain:type=Hello"); Hello mbean = new Hello(); mbs.registerMBean(mbean, name); // System.out.println(mbs.getAttribute(name, "Name")); aLog.info("Waiting forever..."); Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE); } catch(Exception x){ x.printStackTrace(); aLog.info("exception"); } } } So now I have exported this project as jar file and run it as "java -jar helloBean.jar" and by eclipse I have modified the main class to read informations of this read (Example "Name" attribute) by using the same objectname used to registry it . Main to read : public static void main(String[] args) { try{ MBeanServer mbs = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer(); ObjectName name = new ObjectName("ApplicationDomain:type=Hello"); System.out.println(mbs.getAttribute(name, "Name")); } catch(Exception x){ x.printStackTrace(); aLog.info("exception"); } } But nothing, the bean is not found.

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  • Separation of presentation and business logic in PHP

    - by Markus Ossi
    I am programming my first real PHP website and am wondering how to make my code more readable to myself. The reference book I am using is PHP and MySQL Web Development 4th ed. The aforementioned book gives three approaches to separating logic and content: include files function or class API template system I haven't chosen any of these yet, as wrapping my brains around these concepts is taking some time. However, my code has become some hybrid of the first two as I am just copy-pasting away here and modifying as I go. On presentation side, all of my pages have these common elements: header, top navigation, sidebar navigation, content, right sidebar and footer. The function-based examples in the book suggest that I could have these display functions that handle all the presentation example. So, my page code will be like this: display_header(); display_navigation(); display_content(); display_footer(); However, I don't like this because the examples in the book have these print statements with HTML and PHP mixed up like this: echo "<tr bgcolor=\"".$color."\"><td><a href=\"".$url."\">" ... I would rather like to have HTML with some PHP in the middle, not the other way round. I am thinking of making my pages so that at the beginning of my page, I will fetch all the data from database and put it in arrays. I will also get the data for variables. If there are any errors in any of these processes, I will put them into error strings. Then, at the HTML code, I will loop through these arrays using foreach and display the content. In some cases, there will be some variables that will be shown. If there is an error variable that is set, I will display that at the proper position. (As a side note: The thing I do not understand is that in most example code, if some database query or whatnot gives an error, there is always: else echo 'Error'; This baffles me, because when the example code gives an error, it is sometimes echoed out even before the HTML has started...) For people who have used ASP.NET, I have gotten somewhat used to the code-behind files and lblError and I am trying to do something similar here. The thing I haven't figured out is how could I do this "do logic first, then presentation" thing so that I would not have to replicate for example the navigation logic and navigation presentation in all of the pages. Should I do some include files or could I use functions here but a little bit differently? Are there any good articles where these "styles" of separating presentation and logic are explained a little bit more thoroughly. The book I have only has one paragraph about this stuff. What I am thinking is that I am talking about some concepts or ways of doing PHP programming here, but I just don't know the terms for them yet. I know this isn't a straight forward question, I just need some help in organizing my thoughts.

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  • How do I get more separation between the end of the 1st div and the start of the 2nd div?

    - by user3075987
    I'm trying to get the 2nd div (the picture of the orange and copy) to go below the 1st div (the picture of the pear and copy), but see how the Orange copy is going up into the Pear copy. How can I have the Orange copy start below the Pear picture? Here's my jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/huskydawgs/g8mbgr1e/4/ Here's my code: <div class="alignleft"> <p><img alt="Pear" src="http://eofdreams.com/data_images/dreams/pear/pear-01.jpg" width="144" height="150" /></p> The pear is native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of the Old World, from western Europe and north Africa east right across Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, reaching 10–17 metres (33–56 ft) tall, often with a tall, narrow crown; a few species are shrubby. The fruit is composed of the receptacle or upper end of the flower-stalk (the so-called calyx tube) greatly dilated. Enclosed within its cellular flesh is the true fruit: five cartilaginous carpels, known colloquially as the "core". From the upper rim of the receptacle are given off the five sepals[vague], the five petals, and the very numerous stamens. In ancient Egypt, artists used an orange mineral pigment called realgar for tomb paintings, as well as other uses. It was also used later by Medieval artists for the colouring of manuscripts. Pigments were also made in ancient times from a mineral known as orpiment. Orpiment was an important item of trade in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China although it contains arsenic and is highly toxic. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Because of its yellow-orange colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and the West. The pineapple is a herbaceous perennial which grows to 1.0 to 1.5 meters (3.3 to 4.9 ft) tall, although sometimes it can be taller. In appearance, the plant itself has a short, stocky stem with tough, waxy leaves. When creating its fruit, it usually produces up to 200 flowers, although some large-fruited cultivars can exceed this. Once it flowers, the individual fruits of the flowers join together to create what is commonly referred to as a pineapple. After the first fruit is produced, side shoots (called 'suckers' by commercial growers) are produced in the leaf axils of the main stem. These may be removed for propagation, or left to produce additional fruits on the original plant.[4] Commercially, suckers that appear around the base are cultivated. It has 30 or more long, narrow, fleshy, trough-shaped leaves with sharp spines along the margins that are 30 to 100 centimeters (1.0 to 3.3 ft) long, surrounding a thick stem. In the first year of growth, the axis lengthens and thickens, bearing numerous leaves in close spirals. After 12 to 20 months, the stem grows into a spike-like inflorescence up to 15 cm (6 in) long with over 100 spirally arranged, trimerous flowers, each subtended by a bract. Flower colors vary, depending on variety, from lavender, through light purple to red. Here's my CSS: .alignleft { float: left; margin: 0px 30px 20px 0px; } .alignright { float: right; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; }

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  • hosting simple python scripts in a container to handle concurrency, configuration, caching, etc.

    - by Justin Grant
    My first real-world Python project is to write a simple framework (or re-use/adapt an existing one) which can wrap small python scripts (which are used to gather custom data for a monitoring tool) with a "container" to handle boilerplate tasks like: fetching a script's configuration from a file (and keeping that info up to date if the file changes and handle decryption of sensitive config data) running multiple instances of the same script in different threads instead of spinning up a new process for each one expose an API for caching expensive data and storing persistent state from one script invocation to the next Today, script authors must handle the issues above, which usually means that most script authors don't handle them correctly, causing bugs and performance problems. In addition to avoiding bugs, we want a solution which lowers the bar to create and maintain scripts, especially given that many script authors may not be trained programmers. Below are examples of the API I've been thinking of, and which I'm looking to get your feedback about. A scripter would need to build a single method which takes (as input) the configuration that the script needs to do its job, and either returns a python object or calls a method to stream back data in chunks. Optionally, a scripter could supply methods to handle startup and/or shutdown tasks. HTTP-fetching script example (in pseudocode, omitting the actual data-fetching details to focus on the container's API): def run (config, context, cache) : results = http_library_call (config.url, config.http_method, config.username, config.password, ...) return { html : results.html, status_code : results.status, headers : results.response_headers } def init(config, context, cache) : config.max_threads = 20 # up to 20 URLs at one time (per process) config.max_processes = 3 # launch up to 3 concurrent processes config.keepalive = 1200 # keep process alive for 10 mins without another call config.process_recycle.requests = 1000 # restart the process every 1000 requests (to avoid leaks) config.kill_timeout = 600 # kill the process if any call lasts longer than 10 minutes Database-data fetching script example might look like this (in pseudocode): def run (config, context, cache) : expensive = context.cache["something_expensive"] for record in db_library_call (expensive, context.checkpoint, config.connection_string) : context.log (record, "logDate") # log all properties, optionally specify name of timestamp property last_date = record["logDate"] context.checkpoint = last_date # persistent checkpoint, used next time through def init(config, context, cache) : cache["something_expensive"] = get_expensive_thing() def shutdown(config, context, cache) : expensive = cache["something_expensive"] expensive.release_me() Is this API appropriately "pythonic", or are there things I should do to make this more natural to the Python scripter? (I'm more familiar with building C++/C#/Java APIs so I suspect I'm missing useful Python idioms.) Specific questions: is it natural to pass a "config" object into a method and ask the callee to set various configuration options? Or is there another preferred way to do this? when a callee needs to stream data back to its caller, is a method like context.log() (see above) appropriate, or should I be using yield instead? (yeild seems natural, but I worry it'd be over the head of most scripters) My approach requires scripts to define functions with predefined names (e.g. "run", "init", "shutdown"). Is this a good way to do it? If not, what other mechanism would be more natural? I'm passing the same config, context, cache parameters into every method. Would it be better to use a single "context" parameter instead? Would it be better to use global variables instead? Finally, are there existing libraries you'd recommend to make this kind of simple "script-running container" easier to write?

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  • How can I determine/use $(this) in js callback script

    - by Rabbott
    I am using Rails and jQuery, making an ajax call initiated by clicking a link. I setup my application.js file to look like the one proposed here and it works great. The problem I'm having is how can I use $(this) in my say.. update.js.erb file to represent the link I clicked? I don't want to have to assign an ID to every one, then recompile that id in the callback script.. EDIT To give a simple example of something similar to what I'm trying to do (and much easier to explain): If a user clicks on a link, that deletes that element from a list, the controller would handle the callback, and the callback (which is in question here) would delete the element I clicked on, so in the callback delete.js.erb would just say $(this).fadeOut(); This is why I want to use $(this) so that I dont have to assign an ID to every element (which would be the end of the world, just more verbose markup) application.js jQuery.ajaxSetup({ 'beforeSend': function(xhr) {xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/javascript,application/javascript,text/html")} }) function _ajax_request(url, data, callback, type, method) { if (jQuery.isFunction(data)) { callback = data; data = {}; } return jQuery.ajax({ type: method, url: url, data: data, success: callback, dataType: type }); } jQuery.extend({ put: function(url, data, callback, type) { return _ajax_request(url, data, callback, type, 'PUT'); }, delete_: function(url, data, callback, type) { return _ajax_request(url, data, callback, type, 'DELETE'); } }); jQuery.fn.submitWithAjax = function() { this.unbind('submit', false); this.submit(function() { $.post(this.action, $(this).serialize(), null, "script"); return false; }) return this; }; // Send data via get if <acronym title="JavaScript">JS</acronym> enabled jQuery.fn.getWithAjax = function() { this.unbind('click', false); this.click(function() { $.get($(this).attr("href"), $(this).serialize(), null, "script"); return false; }) return this; }; // Send data via Post if <acronym title="JavaScript">JS</acronym> enabled jQuery.fn.postWithAjax = function() { this.unbind('click', false); this.click(function() { $.post($(this).attr("href"), $(this).serialize(), null, "script"); return false; }) return this; }; jQuery.fn.putWithAjax = function() { this.unbind('click', false); this.click(function() { $.put($(this).attr("href"), $(this).serialize(), null, "script"); return false; }) return this; }; jQuery.fn.deleteWithAjax = function() { this.removeAttr('onclick'); this.unbind('click', false); this.click(function() { $.delete_($(this).attr("href"), $(this).serialize(), null, "script"); return false; }) return this; }; // This will "ajaxify" the links function ajaxLinks(){ $('.ajaxForm').submitWithAjax(); $('a.get').getWithAjax(); $('a.post').postWithAjax(); $('a.put').putWithAjax(); $('a.delete').deleteWithAjax(); } show.html.erb <%= link_to 'Link Title', article_path(a, :sentiment => Article::Sentiment['Neutral']), :class => 'put' %> The combination of the two things will call update.js.erb in rails, the code in that file is used as the callback of the ajax ($.put in this case) update.js.erb // user feedback $("#notice").html('<%= flash[:notice] %>'); // update the background color $(this OR e.target).attr("color", "red");

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  • Right-aligning button in a grid with possibly no content - stretch grid to always fill the page

    - by Peter Perhác
    Hello people, I am losing my patience with this. I am working on a Windows Phone 7 application and I can't figure out what layout manager to use to achieve the following: Basically, when I use a Grid as the layout root, I can't make the grid to stretch to the size of the phone application page. When the main content area is full, all is well and the button sits where I want it to sit. However, in case the page content is very short, the grid is only as wide as to accommodate its content and then the button (which I am desperate to keep near the right edge of the screen) moves away from the right edge. If I replace the grid and use a vertically oriented stack panel for the layout root, the button sits where I want it but then the content area is capable of growing beyond the bottom edge. So, when I place a listbox full of items into the main content area, it doesn't adjust its height to be completely in view, but the majority of items in that listbox are just rendered below the bottom edge of the display area. I have tried using a third-party DockPanel layout manager and then docked the button in it's top section and set the button's HorizontalAlignment="Right" but the result was the same as with the grid, it also shrinks in size when there isn't enough content in the content area (or when title is short). How do I do this then? ==EDIT== I tried WPCoder's XAML, only I replaced the dummy text box with what I would have in a real page (stackpanel) and placed a listbox into the ContentPanel grid. I noticed that what I had before and what WPCoder is suggesting is very similar. Here's my current XAML and the page still doesn't grow to fit the width of the page and I get identical results to what I had before: <phone:PhoneApplicationPage x:Name="categoriesPage" x:Class="CatalogueBrowser.CategoriesPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone" xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}" Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}" SupportedOrientations="PortraitOrLandscape" Orientation="Portrait" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="480" d:DesignHeight="768" xmlns:ctrls="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone.Controls.Toolkit" shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center" > <TextBlock Text="Browsing:" Margin="10,10" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle3Style}" /> <TextBlock x:Name="ListTitle" Text="{Binding DisplayName}" Margin="0,10" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle3Style}" /> </StackPanel> <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="btnRefineSearch" Content="Refine Search" Style="{StaticResource buttonBarStyle}" FontSize="14" /> </Grid> <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1"> <ListBox x:Name="CategoryList" ItemsSource="{Binding Categories}" Style="{StaticResource CatalogueList}" SelectionChanged="CategoryList_SelectionChanged"/> </Grid> </Grid> </phone:PhoneApplicationPage> This is what the page with the above XAML markup looks like in the emulator:

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