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• How can I use Ruby to check if a domain exists?

  - by macek

  Something along the lines of: def domain_exists?(domain) # perform check # return true|false end puts "valid!" if domain_exists?("example.com")

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• Searching for range overlaps in Ruby hashes

  - by mbm

  Say you have the following Ruby hash, hash = {:a => [[1, 100..300], [2, 200..300]], :b => [[1, 100..300], [2, 301..400]] } and the following functions, def overlaps?(range, range2) range.include?(range2.begin) || range2.include?(range.begin) end def any_overlaps?(ranges) # This calls to_proc on the symbol object; it's syntactically equivalent to # ranges.sort_by {|r| r.begin} ranges.sort_by(&:begin).each_cons(2).any? do |r1, r2| overlaps?(r1, r2) end end and it's your desire to, for each key in hash, test whether any range overlaps with any other. In hash above, I would expect hash[:a] to make me mad and hash[:b] to not. How is this best implemented syntactically?

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• Binding multiple objects in Grails

  - by WaZ

  I have there domain classes: :: Person. (Person.ID, Name,Address) :: Designation.(Designation.ID, Title, Band) :: SalarySlip (Person.ID, Designation.ID, totalIncome, Tax etc etc.) In the update method the person controller when I assign a person a designation from a list of designation values I want to insert a new record inside SalarySlip. Something like: def update = { def SalarySlipInstance = new SalarySlip() SalarySlipInstance.Person.ID = Params.ID //is this correct? SalarySlipInstance.Designation.ID = ?? //since the value is coming from a list. How can I bind this field? } Much Appreciated, Thanks, WB

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• dependent: :destroy is not deleting dependencies from views

  - by jxdx

  Projects have many rooms. When I delete a project from the view, the associated rooms are not deleted. Rooms also have many products which should also be deleted when a project is deleted. Project class class Project < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user has_many :rooms, dependent: :destroy has_many :products, through: :rooms end Projects Controller class ProjectsController < ApplicationController def destroy @project = current_user.projects.find(params[:id]) if @project.delete redirect_to user_projects_path(@project.user) end end end Rooms Controller class RoomsController < ApplicationController def destroy @room = Room.find(params[:id]) if @room.delete redirect_to root_path end end The delete link in the projects show view. = link_to "Delete", project_room_path(room.project, room), method: :delete, data: { confirm: "Are you sure?" }, title: room.title, class: "btn btn-danger"

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• TypeError: init_animals() takes 1 positional arguments but 2 were given

  - by libra

  I know this title look familiar to some old questions, but i've looked at every single one of them, none of them solves. And here is my codes: class Island (object):E,W,R,P def __init__(self, x, y): self.init_animals(y) def init_animals(y): pass isle = Island(x,y) However, i got the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 3, in __init__ TypeError: init_animals() takes 1 positional arguments but 2 were given Please tell me if i got any mistakes, im so confused by this. Best regards

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• Why is this Python class copying another class contents?

  - by fjfnaranjo

  Hello guys. I'm trying to understand an estrange behavior in Python. I have the next python code: class IntContainer: listOfInts = [] def __init__(self, initListOfInts): for i in initListOfInts: self.listOfInts.append(i) def printInts(self): print self.listOfInts if __name__ == "__main__": intsGroup1 = [1,2,3,4] intsGroup2 = [4,5,6,7] intsGroups = [intsGroup1,intsGroup2] intsContainers = [] for ig in intsGroups: newIntContainer = IntContainer(ig) intsContainers.append(newIntContainer) for ic in intsContainers: print ic.listOfInts I expect to get something like: [1, 2, 3, 4] [4, 5, 6, 7] But i get: [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] I have check the next question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1876905/why-is-python-reusing-a-class-instance-inside-in-function And a lot of Python reference, but I can not understand what is happening. I think is related with the newIntContainer identifier reutilization, but I do not understand it deeply. Why Python appears to reused the last reference for the new object, even if I have added it to a permanent list? What can I do to resolve this behavior? Thanks ;)

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• GAE JCache NumberFormatException, will I need to write Java to avoid?

  - by Jasper

  This code below produces a NumberFormatException in this line: val cache = cf.createCache(Collections.emptyMap()) Do you see any errors? Will I need to write a Java version to avoid this, or is there a Scala way? ... import java.util.Collections import net.sf.jsr107cache._ object QueryGenerator extends ServerResource { private val log = Logger.getLogger(classOf[QueryGenerator].getName) } class QueryGenerator extends ServerResource { def getCounter(cache:Cache):long = { if (cache.containsKey("counter")) { cache.get("counter").asInstanceOf[long] } else { 0l } } @Get("html") def getHtml(): Representation = { val cf = CacheManager.getInstance().getCacheFactory() val cache = cf.createCache(Collections.emptyMap()) val counter = getCounter(cache) cache.put("counter", counter + 1) val q = QueueFactory.getQueue("query-generator") q.add(TaskOptions.Builder.url("/tasks/query-generator").method(Method.GET).countdownMillis(1000L)) QueryGenerator.log.warning(counter.toString) new StringRepresentation("QueryGenerator started!", MediaType.TEXT_HTML) } } Thanks!

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• Compiler error when using abstract types

  - by Dylan

  I'm trying to implement a "protocol helper" trait that is responsible for matching up Prompts and Responses. The eventual goal is to have an object that defines the various Prompt and Response classes as subclasses of a sealed trait, then have a class that mixes in the ProtocolSupport trait for that Protocol object. The problem is that my current approach won't compile, even though I'm fairly sure it should. Here's a distilled version of what I've got: trait Protocol { type Response type Prompt <: BasePrompt trait BasePrompt { type Data def validate(response: Response): Validated[Data] } } trait ProtocolSupport[P <: Protocol] { def foo(prompt: P#Prompt, response: P#Response) = { // compiler error prompt.validate(response) } } The compiler doesn't like the response as an argument to prompt.validate: [error] found : response.type (with underlying type P#Response) [error] required: _4.Response where val _4: P [error] prompt.validate(response) [error] ^ This isn't very helpful.. it seems to say that it wants a P.Response but that's exactly what I'm giving it, so what's the problem?

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• comma in regex in String.replaceAll() method?

  - by kknight

  My code tries to replace "," with "/" in a string. Should I escape "," in the regex string? Both of the two code snippets generated the same results, so I am confused. Code snippet 1: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll("\\,", "/")); Code snippet 2: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll(",", "/")); Should I use "," or "\,"? Which is safer? Thanks.

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• How do I pass object values with render :action => 'new'

  - by PlanetMaster

  Hi, In an app I have the following: def new @property = Property.new(:country_id => 1, :user_id => current_user.id, :status_id => 'draft') end def create @property = Property.new(params[:property]) if @property.save flash[:success] = t('The_property_is_successfully_created') redirect_to myimmonatie_url else flash.now[:error]=t("The_property_could_not_be_created") render :action => 'new' end end When an error accors, the line render :action = 'new' gets executed, but the my form gives an error: user blank country blank These cannot be blank (defined in model), meaning this code: @property = Property.new(:country_id => 1, :user_id => current_user.id, :status_id => 'draft') is not executed anymore. What is the reason and solution? Thanks!

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• Loop function works first time, not second time

  - by user1483101

  I'm creating a parsing program to look for certain strings in a a text file and count them. However, I'm having some trouble with one spot. def callbrowse(): filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(filetypes = (("Text files", "*.txt"),("HTML files", ".html;*.htm"),("All files", "*.*"))) print filename try: global filex global writefile filex = open(filename, 'r') print "Success!!" print filename except: print "Failed to open file" ######This returns the correct count only the first time it is run. The next time it ######returns 0. If the browse button is clicked again, then this function returns the ######correct count again. def count_errors(error_name): count = 0 for line in filex: if error_name == "CPU > 79%": stringparse = "Utilization is above" elif error_name == "Stuck touchscreen": stringparse = "Stuck touchscreen" if re.match("(.*)" + "Utilization is above" + "(.*)",line): count = count + 1 return count Thanks for any help. I can't seem to get this to work right.

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• How to assure applying order of function decorators in Python?

  - by Satoru.Logic

  Some decorators should only be used in the outermost layer. A decorator that augments the original function and add a configure parameter is one example. from functools import wraps def special_case(f): @wraps(f) def _(a, b, config_x=False): if config_x: print "Special case here" return return f(a, b) How can I avoid decorators like this getting decorated by another decorator? EDIT It is really disgusting to let everyone trying to apply a new decorator worry about the application order. So, is it possible to avoid this kind of situation? Is it possible to add a config option without introducing a new parameter?

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• Are python list comprehensions always a good programming practice?

  - by dln385

  To make the question clear, I'll use a specific example. I have a list of college courses, and each course has a few fields (all of which are strings). The user gives me a string of search terms, and I return a list of courses that match all of the search terms. This can be done in a single list comprehension or a few nested for loops. Here's the implementation. First, the Course class: class Course: def __init__(self, date, title, instructor, ID, description, instructorDescription, *args): self.date = date self.title = title self.instructor = instructor self.ID = ID self.description = description self.instructorDescription = instructorDescription self.misc = args Every field is a string, except misc, which is a list of strings. Here's the search as a single list comprehension. courses is the list of courses, and query is the string of search terms, for example "history project". def searchCourses(courses, query): terms = query.lower().strip().split() return tuple(course for course in courses if all( term in course.date.lower() or term in course.title.lower() or term in course.instructor.lower() or term in course.ID.lower() or term in course.description.lower() or term in course.instructorDescription.lower() or any(term in item.lower() for item in course.misc) for term in terms)) You'll notice that a complex list comprehension is difficult to read. I implemented the same logic as nested for loops, and created this alternative: def searchCourses2(courses, query): terms = query.lower().strip().split() results = [] for course in courses: for term in terms: if (term in course.date.lower() or term in course.title.lower() or term in course.instructor.lower() or term in course.ID.lower() or term in course.description.lower() or term in course.instructorDescription.lower()): break for item in course.misc: if term in item.lower(): break else: continue break else: continue results.append(course) return tuple(results) That logic can be hard to follow too. I have verified that both methods return the correct results. Both methods are nearly equivalent in speed, except in some cases. I ran some tests with timeit, and found that the former is three times faster when the user searches for multiple uncommon terms, while the latter is three times faster when the user searches for multiple common terms. Still, this is not a big enough difference to make me worry. So my question is this: which is better? Are list comprehensions always the way to go, or should complicated statements be handled with nested for loops? Or is there a better solution altogether?

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• Scala puts precedence on implicit conversion over "natural" operations... Why? Is this a bug? Or am

  - by Alex R

  This simple test, of course, works as expected: scala var b = 2 b: Int = 2 scala b += 1 scala b res3: Int = 3 Now I bring this into scope: class A(var x: Int) { def +=(y:Int) { this.x += y } } implicit def int2A(i:Int) : A = new A(i) I'm defining a new class and a += operation on it. I never expected this would affect the way my regular Ints behave. But it does: scala var b:Int = 0 b: Int = 0 scala b += 1 scala b res29: Int = 0 scala b += 2 scala b res31: Int = 0 Scala seems to prefer the implicit conversion over the natural += that is already defined to Ints. That leads to several questions... Why? Is this a bug? Is it by design? Is there a work-around (other than not using "+=")? Thanks

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• how to use OR in jquery

  - by user1493339

  1st i would like to thanks all who view this and special thanks for those who answer this. today, i tested this out but it not working, so just want to know how should this code. multiple "OR" in one line $("input[name='ABC']or[name='DEF']or[name='GHI']or[name='JKL']").click(function (){ //do something }); or even put else for it like... $("input[name='ABC'][name='DEF'][name='GHI'][name='JKL']").click(function (){ //do something }else{ //do something else }); i know both code is invalid, so is that possible to code in that way? so far i code it all one by one, so my coding is very long.

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• TypeError while using django Form in editing an Entry

  - by damon

  I have an Entry model which can belong to a Category.I am providing a CategoryChoicesForm sothat the user can choose from various Categorys (from a dropdown list)when an Entry is created or edited. I am having trouble with the CategoryChoicesForm while editing the Entry.It throws a TypeError.. If somebody can make out what is happening..please advise me how to correct this. int() argument must be a string or a number, not 'QueryDict' /home/Django-1.4/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py in get_prep_value, line 537 ...views.py in edit_entry category_choices_form = CategoryChoicesForm(form_data) ... ...forms.py in __init__ self.fields['categoryoption'].queryset = Category.objects.filter(creator=self.creator) Here is the form class CategoryChoicesForm(forms.Form): categoryoption = forms.ModelChoiceField( queryset = Category.objects.none(), required=False,label='Category') def __init__(self, categorycreator,*args, **kwargs): super(CategoryChoicesForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.creator=categorycreator self.fields['categoryoption'].queryset = Category.objects.filter(creator=self.creator) The edit_entry view is as follows @login_required @transaction.commit_on_success def edit_entry(request,id,template_name,page_title): form_data = get_form_data(request) entry = get_object_or_404(Entry,pk=id,author=request.user) ... category_choices_form = CategoryChoicesForm(form_data) ...

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• python-wordmatching

  - by challarao

  Write two functions, called countSubStringMatch and countSubStringMatchRecursive that take two arguments, a key string and a target string. These functions iteratively and recursively count the number of instances of the key in the target string. You should complete definitions for def countSubStringMatch(target,key): and def countSubStringMatchRecursive (target, key): For the remaining problems, we are going to explore other substring matching ideas. These problems can be solved with either an iterative function or a recursive one. You are welcome to use either approach, though you may find iterative approaches more intuitive in these cases of matching linear structures.

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• How to select random image of specific size using Django / Python?

  - by Jonathan

  I've been using this little snippet to select random images. However I would like to change it to select only images of a certain size. I'm running into trouble checking against image size. If I use get_image_dimensions() I need to use a conditional statement, which then requires that I allow exceptions. So, I guess I need some pointers on just limiting by image dimensions. Thanks. import os import random import posixpath from django import template from django.conf import settings register = template.Library() def is_image_file(filename): """Does `filename` appear to be an image file?""" img_types = [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif"] ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1] return ext in img_types @register.simple_tag def random_image(path): """ Select a random image file from the provided directory and return its href. `path` should be relative to MEDIA_ROOT. Usage: <img src='{% random_image "images/whatever/" %}'> """ fullpath = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, path) filenames = [f for f in os.listdir(fullpath) if is_image_file(f)] pick = random.choice(filenames) return posixpath.join(settings.MEDIA_URL, path, pick)

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• How to pass multiple params to function in python?

  - by user1322731

  I am implementing 8bit adder in python. Here is the adder function definition: def add8(a0,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,b0,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,c0): All function parameters are boolean. I have implemented function that converts int into binary: def intTObin8(num): bits = [False]*8 i = 7 while num >= 1: if num % 2 == 1: bits[i] = True else: bits[i] = False i = i - 1 num /= 2 print bits return [bits[x] for x in range(0,8)] I want this function to return 8 bits. And to use this two functions as follows: add8(intTObin8(1),intTObin8(1),0) So the question is: How to pass 8 parameters using one function?

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• Best way to make an attribute always an array?

  - by Shadowfirebird

  I'm using my MOO project to teach myself Test Driven Design, and it's taking me interesting places. For example, I wrote a test that said an attribute on a particular object should always return an array, so -- t = Thing.new("test") p t.names #-> ["test"] t.names = nil p t.names #-> [] The code I have for this is okay, but it doesn't seem terribly ruby to me: class Thing def initialize(names) self.names = names end def names=(n) n = [] if n.nil? n = [n] unless n.instance_of?(Array) @names = n end attr_reader :names end Is there a more elegant, Ruby-ish way of doing this? (NB: if anyone wants to tell me why this is a dumb test to write, that would be interesting too...)

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• How to run a module

  - by Jimmy

  I have a module file containing the following functions: def replace(filename): match = re.sub(r'[^\s^\w]risk', 'risk', filename) return match def count_words(newstring): from collections import defaultdict word_dict=defaultdict(int) for line in newstring: words=line.lower().split() for word in words: word_dict[word]+=1 for word in word_dict: if'risk'==word: return word, word_dict[word] when I do this in IDLE: >>> mylist = open('C:\\Users\\ahn_133\\Desktop\\Python Project\\test10.txt').read() >>> newstrings=replace(mylist) ### This works fine. >>> newone=count_words(newstrings) ### This leads to the following error. I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#134>", line 1, in <module> newPH = replace(newPassage) File "C:\Users\ahn_133\Desktop\Python Project\text_modules.py", line 56, in replace match = re.sub(r'[^\s^\w]risk', 'risk', filename) File "C:\Python27\lib\re.py", line 151, in sub return _compile(pattern, flags).sub(repl, string, count) TypeError: expected string or buffer Is there anyway to run both functions without saving newstrings into a file, opening it using readlines(), and then running count_words function?

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• How to store and retrieve file in mongoengine?

  - by Seiverence

  I am attempting to store and retrieve file within mongodb, but am having issues with the retrieval. class Animal(Document): genus = StringField() family = StringField() photo = FileField() def get_file(): marmot = Animal.objects(genus='Marmota').first() photo = marmot.photo.read() content_type = marmot.photo.content_type print marmot.family # Prints out "Sciuridae" print content_type # Gives me an error, as content_type is "None" def save_file(): marmot = Animal( genus='Marmota', family='Sciuridae') marmot_photo = open('marmot.jpg', 'r') marmot.photo = marmot_photo marmot.photo.content_type = 'image/jpeg' marmot.save() When I check mongodb, it appears the document does save after the save_file, but when I call get_file, it appears the content_type is "None"? Am I saving and retrieving the file correctly? If not, whats wrong with the code? NOTE: The issue appears only to occur in the Windows environment. When run on linux, it works fine... very confused.

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• Google App Engine: Difficulty with Users API (or maybe just a Python syntax problem)

  - by Rosarch

  I have a simple GAE app that includes a login/logout link. This app is running on the dev server at the moment. The base page handler gets the current user, and creates a login/logout url appropriately. It then puts this information into a _template_data dictionary, for convenience of subclasses. class BasePage(webapp.RequestHandler): _user = users.get_current_user() _login_logout_link = None if _user: _login_logout_link = users.create_logout_url('/') else: _login_logout_link = users.create_login_url('/') _template_data = {} _template_data['login_logout_link'] = _login_logout_link _template_data['user'] = _user def render(self, templateName, templateData): path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'Static/Templates/%s.html' % templateName) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, templateData)) Here is one such subclass: class MainPage(BasePage): def get(self): self.render('start', self._template_data) The login/logout link is displayed fine, and going to the correct devserver login/logout page. However, it seems to have no effect - the server still seems to think the user is logged out. What am I doing wrong here?

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• How to define a ternary operator in Scala which preserves leading tokens?

  - by Alex R

  I'm writing a code generator which produces Scala output. I need to emulate a ternary operator in such a way that the tokens leading up to '?' remain intact. e.g. convert the expression c ? p : q to c something. The simple if(c) p else q fails my criteria, as it requires putting if( before c. My first attempt (still using c/p/q as above) is c match { case(true) = p; case _ = q } another option I found was: class ternary(val g: Boolean = Any) { def |: (b:Boolean) = g(b) } implicit def autoTernary (g: Boolean = Any): ternary = new ternary(g) which allows me to write: c |: { b: Boolean = if(b) p else q } I like the overall look of the second option, but is there a way to make it less verbose? Thanks

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• Can EventMachine recognize all threads are completed?

  - by philipjkim

  I'm an EM newbie and writing two codes to compare synchronous and asynchronous IO. I'm using Ruby 1.8.7. The example for sync IO is: def pause_then_print(str) sleep 2 puts str end 5.times { |i| pause_then_print(i) } puts "Done" This works as expected, taking 10+ seconds until termination. On the other hand, the example for async IO is: require 'rubygems' require 'eventmachine' def pause_then_print(str) Thread.new do EM.run do sleep 2 puts str end end end EventMachine.run do EM.add_timer(2.5) do puts "Done" EM.stop_event_loop end EM.defer(proc do 5.times { |i| pause_then_print(i) } end) end 5 numbers are shown in 2.x seconds. Now I explicitly wrote code that EM event loop to be stopped after 2.5 seconds. But what I want is that the program terminates right after printing out 5 numbers. For doing that, I think EventMachine should recognize all 5 threads are done, and then stop the event loop. How can I do that? Also, please correct the async IO example if it can be more natural and expressive. Thanks in advance.

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