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  • Tiny linux box with 2xGbLAN, WLAN and 10MB/s AES throughput?

    - by Nakedible
    I'd like to find a small linux box with the following specifications: Small (mini-ITX size is OK) Fanless Runs Debian At least two gigabit network interfaces WLAN that supports "host ap" with hostapd + mac80211 in AP mode Can encrypt AES at least 10 megabytes per second Total cost $300 or less Solutions from multiple parts also accepted - I can buy an external network card etc. and build the box myself if the components are available. If you don't know about the "host ap" thing, just suggest your solution, I'll find out if I can get that resolved. If I can't get all that, I can possibly skip the "runs Debian" part, and I can definitely skip the hostapd part if the box can be a wireless access point with multiple ESSIDs out of the box. Something like Asus RT-N16 is close - doesn't run Debian easily, and probably doesn't encrypt AES fast enough. Something like Zotac ZBOX HD-ID11 is also close - no idea which WLAN card it has and it lacks second gigabit interface, but otherwise nice.

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  • perfmon reporting higher IOPs than possible?

    - by BlueToast
    We created a monitoring report for IOPs on performance counters using Disk reads/sec and Disk writes/sec on four servers (physical boxes, no virtualization) that have 4x 15k 146GB SAS drives in RAID10 per server, set to check and record data every 1 second, and logged for 24 hours before stopping reports. These are the results we got: Server1 Maximum disk reads/sec: 4249.437 Maximum disk writes/sec: 4178.946 Server2 Maximum disk reads/sec: 2550.140 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5177.821 Server3 Maximum disk reads/sec: 1903.300 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5299.036 Server4 Maximum disk reads/sec: 8453.572 Maximum disk writes/sec: 11584.653 The average disk reads and writes per second were generally low. I.e. for one particular server it was like average 33 writes/sec, but when monitoring in real-time it would often spike up to several hundreds and also sometimes into the thousands. Could someone explain to me why these numbers are significantly higher than theoretical calculations assuming each drive can do 180 IOPs? Additional details (RAID card): HP Smart Array P410i, Total cache size of 1GB, Write cache is disabled, Array accelerator cache ratio is 25% read and 75% write

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  • How do I recover files from my Windows 7 VirtualBox partition?

    - by Kool Caveen Gmail
    I have Windows Vista Installed on my laptop. I ran and created a virtual OS from VMware. Inside that OS, I created 2 partitions and stored the files on the second drive. Now my Windows 7 installed in VirtualBox has been corrupted and needs to be repaired. VirtualBox itself is not corrupted, but the Windows 7 that runs in VirtualBox is. Instead of repairing, I only want to get my data from this second partition. Is it possible?

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  • How to install Windows7 on Hitachi HTS545050a7e380 harddrive?

    - by wurlog
    I have a Samsung NP530U3B with a Hitachi HTS545050a7e380 Harddrive. In the Bios it shows as one drive Hitachi hts545050a7e380 When I try to install Windows 7 it show 2 drives in the setup Drive 0 with 15 GB Drive 1 with 460 GB Guess it is a hybrid of SSD and normal harddrive, right? I tried to install it on the second drive, but after restarting it goes back into the beginning of the Windows 7 installation. The installation routine automatically activated a 100 MB partition on Drive 0. I guess for the bootmanager. Second try: Installation on the 15GB drive. The same. After reboot it wants to install win7 all over again. If I remove the USB Stick I get the message "Missing operation system" Any ideas?

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  • Recursive Batch File

    - by MCZ
    I have a file that looks this: head1,head2,head3,head4,head5,head6 a11,a12,keyA,a14,a15,a16 a21,a22,keyB,a24,a25 a31,a32,keyC,a34 a41,a42,keyB,a44,a44 a51,a52,keyA,a54,a55,a56 a61,a62,keyA,a64,a65,a66 a71,a72,keyC,a74 some message Objective: Write list of unique keys to a text file. For example, the result for the file described above should be: keyA, keyB, keyC Here's the pseudocode I would like to implement in batch file recur.bat Read second line of inputfile If no key exist on second line, return else continue Append keyX to list FINDSTR /v keyX inputfile Pipe results to recur.bat I don't know if this is the most efficient way to do this without using actual programming language. Any suggestions for actual batch file code?

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  • why is iometer performance slower after first run?

    - by Dan
    I'm doing some benchmarking with IOMeter, and I'm seeing a consistent and susbtantial drop-off in performance after running the first test. These drop-offs are about the same on the three systems I've tested on, which makes me think it's a configuration setting, or just a fact of life about using IOMeter. For example, one system (local RAID 10) went from 388 I/Os per second the first run, to about 211 I/Os per second on every run after that. Everything else about the test was identical, and I also bounced the machine in between runs. So, is this expected behavior, or am I missing something?

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  • Problems with Ubuntu and AMD A10-4655M APU

    - by Robert Hanks
    I have a new HP Sleekbook 6z with AMD A10-4655M APU. I tried installing Ubuntu with wubi--the first attempt ended up with a 'AMD unsupported hardware' watermark that I wasn't able to remove (the appeared when I tried to update the drivers as Ubuntu suggested) On the second attempted install Ubuntu installed (I stayed away from the suggested drivers) but the performance was extremely poor----as in Windows Vista poor. I am not sure what the solution is--if I need to wait until there is a kernel update with Ubuntu or if there are other solutions--I realise this is a new APU for the market. I would love to have Ubuntu 12.04 up and running--Windows 7 does very well with this new processor so Ubuntu should, well, be lightening speed. The trial on the Sleekbook with Ubuntu 12.10 Alpha 2 release was a complete failure. I created a bootable USB. By using either the 'Try Ubuntu' or 'Install Ubuntu' options resulted in the usual purple Ubuntu splash screen, followed by nothing...as in a black screen without any hint of life. Interestingly one can hear the Ubuntu intro sound. In case you are wondering, this same USB was trialed subsequently on another computer with and Intel Atom Processor. Worked flawlessly. Lastly the second trial on the Sleekbook resulted in the same results as the first paragraph. Perhaps 12.10 Beta will overcome this issue, or the finalised 12.10 release in October. I don't have the expertise to know what the cause of the behaviour is-the issue could be something else entirely. Sadly, the Windows 7 performance is very good with this processor-very similar and in some instances better to the 2nd generation Intel i5 based computer I use at my workplace. Whatever the cause is for the performance with Ubuntu 12.04 or 12.10 Alpha 2, the situation doesn't bode well for Ubuntu. Ubuntu aside, the HP Sleekbook is a good performer for the price. I am certain once the Ubuntu issue is worked on and solutions arise, the Ubuntu performance will probably be better than ever.

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  • Setting up dual wireless routers

    - by JasCav
    I have two wireless routers (one is the router supplied by Verizon - MI424-WR ActionTek and the other is DD-WRT Buffalo router). I want to set them up so that I have the second router (Buffalo) on its own subnet and two SSIDs so I can put different devices on different routers and so I can put my web server on the first router and put most of my other computers behind the second router for a little extra protection in case of a compromise. From my understanding, I have to hook the two routers together so that the LAN from the Verizon router plugs into the WAN port of the Buffalo router. This is where I get stuck. What settings do I need to look for to setup the Buffalo on its own subnet? Do I need to do anything with the Verizon router, or are the configuration changes done to the Buffalo?

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  • Creating floppy drive special devices under Quantal

    - by JCCyC
    First, I'd like for the various special devices for different floppy capacities (like /dev/fd0u720 etc.) to be available. I tried to adapt some udev rules I found online. I tried this, which I saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="create_floppy_devices -c -t $attr{cmos} -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k" But to no avail. It seems the create_floppy_devices script isn't provided with 12.10. How do I obtain it? Second: I'm using MATE, and whenever I log in I get a message box saying it tried to mount the drive but failed. How do I disable this? Third (which is probably related to the second): Whenever there's a disk in the drive, the motor won't stop spinning. If I do a mdir of it, after it returns, the motor stops, and then starts again. I suspect there's some process in MATE doing this. UPDATE: For CentOS 6 (who does have a create_floppy_devices program) the following rules file worked. Saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/98-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) # drive A: is type 4 (1.44MB) - add other lines for other drives KERNEL=="fd0*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/lib/udev/create_floppy_devices -c -t 4 -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k"

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  • Battery is drained too quickly

    - by LucaB
    I'm getting really low battery life under ubuntu, not even close to windows. I tried powertop, and I saw that my laptop is consuming in idle nearly 20 watts (a bit more). I tried to install laptop-mode-tools, change "good" into "bad" in powertop, but nothing changes. I see that I have the the HD audio output device which is running at 100% every time. Could this be the problem? This is a report from powertop. The battery reports a discharge rate of 22.8 W The estimated remaining time is 33 minutes Summary: 381.8 wakeups/second, 0.0 GPU ops/second and 0.0 VFS ops/sec Usage Events/s Category Description 3.2 ms/s 182.7 Timer tick_sched_timer 100.0% Device Audio codec hwC0D3: Intel 7.9 ms/s 25.1 Process /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch -background no 1.9 ms/s 24.2 Interrupt [6] tasklet(softirq) 2.9 ms/s 23.2 Process /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromium-browser --type=zygote 8.1 ms/s 20.3 Process /usr/lib/unity/unity-panel-service 0.7 ms/s 17.4 Timer hrtimer_wakeup 4.2 ms/s 12.6 Process unity-2d-panel 604.4 µs/s 9.7 Process syndaemon -i 2.0 -K -R -t 149.7 µs/s 9.7 kWork ieee80211_iface_work 0.8 ms/s 8.7 Process metacity 19.5 ms/s 1.0 Process powertop 3.0 ms/s 6.8 Process //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session 699.0 µs/s 6.8 Process /usr/lib/thunderbird/thunderbird 4.3 ms/s 4.8 Process gnome-terminal 658.9 µs/s 2.9 Interrupt [1] timer(softirq) 75.1 µs/s 2.9 kWork iwl_bg_run_time_calib_work 163.8 µs/s 1.9 Process /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon 70.6 µs/s 1.9 Process [ksoftirqd/2] 25.8 µs/s 1.9 Process [ksoftirqd/0] 1.0 ms/s 1.0 Process /usr/bin/python /usr/sbin/powernapd 408.2 µs/s 1.0 Process unity-2d-shell 189.8 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromium-browser 124.4 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/unity-lens-applications/unity-applications-daemon 113.3 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon 112.0 µs/s 1.0 Process nautilus -n 104.9 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash --spawner :1.2 /org/gtk/gvfs/exec_spaw/0 77.5 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/colord/colord 75.6 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gdu-volume-monitor 75.0 µs/s 1.0 Interrupt [53] i915 74.9 µs/s 1.0 Process /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volume-monitor What should I do to make the battery consumption lower?

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  • High Power Consumption and Wakeups on my Asus X54H with 12.04

    - by Marogian
    So I've been using powertop to try and reduce the power consumption on my laptop as I only seem to get about 3 hours of battery. From reading other threads on here it seems my power consumption and wakeups are strangely high, here's a summary: The battery reports a discharge rate of 10.2 W Summary: 651.8 wakeups/second, 0.0 GPU ops/second and 0.0 VFS ops/sec The things which stand out as odd: 1.31 W 4.0 ms/s 166.7 Interrupt PS/2 Touchpad / Keyboard / Mouse So more than 10% of my battery is being consumed by my touchpad/keyboard? That doesn't seem right. 548 mW 34.3 ms/s 45.9 Process compiz 5% from Compiz. Is this correct? 376 mW 1.8 ms/s 47.5 Interrupt [51] i915 298 mW 1.4 ms/s 37.7 Timer tick_sched_timer Another few percent from these things- not quite sure what they are. For reference I've installed Laptop Mode Tools, Jupiter (on power save), the CPU governor is definitely on powersave and brightness is on minimum. What else can I do/Any ideas? I've seen other posts on here reporting laptop battery lives of ~8 hours and power consumption of 4W rather than my 10W... Thanks!

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  • opening and closing connection with port happening fastly

    - by michale
    We have a Main application named "Trevor" installed in 2008R2 machine named "TEAMER12" which is slow now. One more application named "TVS" also running in and found there were many connections per second occurring to port 5009. netstat tool mentions that some fast connection open/close seen for port 5009 So first it will be listening mode like shown below TCP 0.0.0.0:5009 TEAMER12:0 LISTENING then establishes connection like TCP 127.0.0.1:5009 TEAMER12:49519 ESTABLISHED TCP 127.0.0.1:5009 TEAMER12:60903 ESTABLISHED After that iwill become TIME_WAIT and i could see several entries like shown below TCP 127.0.0.1:49156 TEAMER12:5009 TIME_WAIT after that it will establish connection like TCP 127.0.0.1:60903 TEAMER12:5009 ESTABLISHED TCP 127.0.0.1:64181 TEAMER12:microsoft-ds ESTABLISHED again it will go several entries like TIME_WAIT TCP 127.0.0.1:49156 TEAMER12:5009 TIME_WAIT Finally it will establish like this TCP 172.26.127.40:139 TEAMER12:0 LISTENING TCP 172.26.127.42:139 TEAMER12:0 LISTENING TCP 172.26.127.42:5009 TEAMER12:64445 ESTABLISHED TCP 172.26.127.42:64445 TEAMER12:5009 ESTABLISHED Can any body tell me whats the reason behind why many connections per second occurring to port 5009 and why application slow?

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  • How to diagnose Ubuntu CPU spikes / IO wait?

    - by Jeff Welling
    I'm using Ubuntu and every couple minutes it goes unresponsive for a half second to a full second, which isn't normally a problem but makes trying to code extremely frustrating when your trying to hit backspace or navigate the code and nothing is happening. The problem is, the freezes are so brief that top doesn't have time to show me what is spiking the CPU (assuming something is, but I don't know what else could cause this). Does anyone know how to troubleshoot this performance issue? Edit: I've tried login in with Gnome Classic (No Effects) instead of Unity but it still freezes up every once in awhile. Edit: The CPU graph doesn't seem to be showing any actual spikes so it seems you were right and my original diagnosis of CPU spikes being the problem was incorrect, I now suspect IO wait. I don't recall this happening for the brief few weeks I had Windows 7 Starter running on it though, which leads me to believe it isn't (just?) the hardware.. is there anything I can tweak to improve this? I'm using an Acer Aspire One D257, with Ubuntu 11.10. Edit: Output of dmesg is at http://paste.ubuntu.com/1060054/ and kern.log is at http://paste.ubuntu.com/1060055/

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  • Excel sum from column based on another column

    - by jsmars
    I have two columns. The values in the first one are either blank or have a 1. The values in the second one is a number. I also have a variable field. At the bottom of each column, I'd like to have a "total" field, which checks if there is a value (of 1) in the first column, and if there is, adds this up from the value of the second column (on the same row) and multiplies it by the variable. for example: variable 10 name1 name2 counter 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 4 totals 100 50 since name1 has 3 1's in it's column, it takes each value from the counter column, and multiplies it by the variable, and outputs the total I'm sorry if this has been asked, I've tried searching but I have a hard time understanding the excel syntaxes. Thanks!

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  • How can I use my laptop's monitor as my PC's ONLY monitor? [closed]

    - by Randell
    Possible Duplicate: Can I use my laptop as a second monitor for my desk computer? My PC's monitor just died and I'm not looking at buying a new monitor anytime soon. So I'm thinking of using my laptop's monitor for it. Both machines are running on Fedora linux. Edit: Both machines are connected to the same wireless network. PC needs to log in before it can connect to the network if I'm not mistaken. Update: This is different from Can I use my laptop as a second monitor for my desk computer? , because that question is asking how to use the laptop screen as the secondary display, not as the only display.

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  • two samba servers and one ldap backend

    - by user2346281
    I had setup a Samba 3 server as PDC with a passdb LDAP backend. Server SID: S-1-5-21-3270... Domain: A Every user has a SambaSID beginning with this Server SID. But now I try to setup a second server for some shares. This server should use the same LDAP backend because I don't want to have two LDAP backends. Otherwise I have to do modifcations (e.g. add users) twice. Second Server SID: S-1-5-21-3797... Domain: B But now when a user try to mount this new share I see this error in samba log: The primary group domain sid(S-1-5-21-3797....) does not match the domain sid(S-1-5-21-3270...) for xxx(S-1-5-21-3270...). I understand the problem but what can I do to avoid to maintain two LDAP backends? Regards, Simon

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  • GNOME changes to KDE on Maverick

    - by Pit
    Hi, I recently made a clean/fresh install of Ubuntu 10.10 an experienced the problem that the theme changes from Gnome to KDE and back randomly and partly. Sometimes after starting my computer I will have a KDE theme. If I then open the Appearance Preferences ( System - Preferences - Appearance ) some applications and the main-menu as well as menu of applications (only upper two centimetres of a application window) will change back to Gnome only by opening it, not changing anything nor saving. I did not choose KDE at any time, nor did I do any changes to the appearance prior to the first occurrence of this bug. On a second computer I updated from 10.04 to 10.10 and experienced the same bug. On this computer I did however change the layout of the minimize;maximise;close buttons by following How do I move the Window buttons from left to right?. But I don't see how this could provoke the bug, especially as it occurs on a second computer. Will doing updates I saw that there a quite a lot of KDE packages being downloaded. Do I even need those if I don't want to use KDE?

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  • High Performance SQL Views Using WITH(NOLOCK)

    - by gt0084e1
    Every now and then you find a simple way to make everything much faster. We often find customers creating data warehouses or OLAP cubes even though they have a relatively small amount of data (a few gigs) compared to their server memory. If you have more server memory than the size of your database or working set, nearly any aggregate query should run in a second or less. In some situations there may be high traffic on from the transactional application and SQL server may wait for several other queries to run before giving you your results. The purpose of this is make sure you don’t get two versions of the truth. In an ATM system, you want to give the bank balance after the withdrawal, not before or you may get a very unhappy customer. So by default databases are rightly very conservative about this kind of thing. Unfortunately this split-second precision comes at a cost. The performance of the query may not be acceptable by today’s standards because the database has to maintain locks on the server. Fortunately, SQL Server gives you a simple way to ask for the current version of the data without the pending transactions. To better facilitate reporting, you can create a view that includes these directives. CREATE VIEW CategoriesAndProducts AS SELECT * FROM dbo.Categories WITH(NOLOCK) INNER JOIN dbo.Products WITH(NOLOCK) ON dbo.Categories.CategoryID = dbo.Products.CategoryID In some cases quires that are taking minutes end up taking seconds. Much easier than moving the data to a separate database and it’s still pretty much real time give or take a few milliseconds. You’ve been warned not to use this for bank balances though. More from Data Stream

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  • Windows 7 freezing unexpectedly

    - by Thomas Deutsch
    I have a Windows 7 computer here, which is freezing between 2 times a day and 1 time every second day. I see no problem, no special drivers, no special Apps are open, no encryption or something like that. Apps usually open then are Firefox, Thunderbird, Eclipse and maybe Office. Computer is just freezing. No Reboot, no shutdown, no bluescreen and no error. User has to hardreset it. Eventlog shows me an kernel error saying it has been unexpected rebooted due to an fatal error, but no statement about what kind of error happended. Anyone an idea what it can be? Chkdisk should be ok (currently, I run it a second time).

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  • Why does 301 redirect work for http but not for https?

    - by Tom G
    Through my domain registrar I have set up a domain, essayme.co.uk, to automatically forward to https://google.com. If I go to http://essayme.co.uk it works as expected and redirects me to https://google.com. $curl -i http://essayme.co.uk HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Cache-Control: max-age=900 Content-Type: text/html Location: https://google.com Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Sat, 07 Jun 2014 11:14:16 GMT Content-Length: 0 Age: 0 Connection: keep-alive However, if I go to https://essayme.co.uk it just freezes and times out. $curl -i https://essayme.co.uk curl: (7) Failed connect to essayme.co.uk:443; Operation timed out What is happening in the second case? (and, if possible, how can I get the redirect to work for https?) Problem background/clarification: I don't have an SSL certificate for the essayme.co.uk domain above, but I do for my live domain (let's call it mywebsite.com), and I was seeing the exact same problem on this domain (hence why I'm trying to debug the problem). Unfortunately I can't experiment with the live domain (as it's live) and I would like to avoid having to buy a second certificate for essayme.co.uk just for debugging (unless absolutely necessary). The problem I was seeing: my live domain, mywebsite.com (not its real name), has a valid SSL certificate. Visiting https://www.mywebsite.com displayed the webpage as expected. I had set up forwarding (like in the question above) from the naked domain (mywebsite.com) to https://www.mywebsite.com) Visiting http://mywebsite.com redirected to https://www.mywebsite.com as expected. However, visiting https://mywebsite.com would freeze and time out (as in the question above). I also tried forwarding it to http://www.otherwebsite.com as an experiment (i.e. forwarding to another site that does not use SSL), but the result was the same: Visiting http://mywebsite.com redirected to http://www.otherwebsite.com as expected. Visiting https://mywebsite.com would freeze and time out again. So I set up essayme.co.uk as an experiment to try and understand why it doesn't work.

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  • Is it necessary to add an HP printer to CUPS using the hplip URI?

    - by JPbuntu
    I recently setup a CUPS print server (Ubuntu server 12.04) and I having trouble with performance of a HP Color LaserJet Printer CP3505n. The printer pauses for about a second between printing each page, which is annoying when there is a lot of printing to be done. This doesn't happen when the printer is installed directly to a Windows client. In an attempt to fix this I have setup the printer a couple different ways. I decided not to do a Samba share since this wiki said IPP is preferred. First Method Added to HP LaserJet to CUPS as a Discovered Network Printer, and selected HP Color LaserJet cp3505 hpijs pcl3, 3.12.2 (en) driver. I did not use a hplip URI. Second Method (hplip URI) I thought adding hplip to the mix might improve the performance, so I added the printer like this: Ran hp-setup -m 192.168.2.60, prompted to select driver Selected HP Color LaserJet cp3505 hpijs pcl3, 3.12.2 (en) Used hplip to generate a URI: hp-makeuri 192.168.2.60 Then added the printer to CUPS as a Local Printer: HP Printer (HPLIP), and entered: hp:/net/HP_Color_LaserJet_CP3505?ip=192.168.2.60. Either method I use I am able to share the printer on the network by adding a printer as http://192.168.2.2:631/printers/HP_LASER-TERRAC. Does it make a difference which way the printer is added cups? If so, and I install the printer with the hp URI, can I still change the driver using the CUPS web interface? I have been trying out different drivers to try and improve performance, and the cups interface is the easiest way to change them. Thanks in advance.

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  • Stacks in C++

    - by MarkPearl
    So some more basics… One of the things you will be taught at any college after conquering arrays is different derivatives of collections. Stack is one of the simplest of those and very useful… A stack is a LIFO (last in first out) data structure and has at least two basic method calls – push & pop. Push, “pushes” an item on the top of the stack. Pop, removes the top most item off the stack. Because all elements on a stack are of the same type, one can use an array to implement a stack or a linked list. With the array based approach, the first element in a stack would be the first element in the array, the second on the stack would be the second on the array, etc. One limitation with an array implementation of a stack is that unless the array is dynamic, one would have to have a preset max stack size (based on the bounds of the array). Linked lists is another approach that gets past this boundary by allowing you to dynamically grow or shrink a collection of data. Stacks have many applications… a typical computer science example would be Postfix Expression Calculator, where the LIFO principle is maintained.

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  • Multi Gateway and Backup Routing on a cisco router

    - by user64880
    Hi all, I have a 2611 Cisco Router with only one Fastethernet port Now I have two internet gateways. I want to config my router as when primary routing fails second routing automatically start to route all my packets. When I set 2 IP route command in my router then I check I see it work well but when peer IP on primary routing is down it can not change to second routing until I remove first route command.In the following I write my setting. How can I set it? interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 81.12.21.100 255.255.255.248 secondary ip address 62.220.97.14 255.255.255.252 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 62.220.97.13 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 81.12.21.97 100 Cheer, Kamal

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  • Thunderbird Reply2All mistake when having two addresses

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    I have a Gmail account and a second email address. The mail from this second address is forwarded to the Gmail address. I use Thunderbird to read my email, but there's a little problem with the Reply2All feature. See, I have one of the addresses registered as my email address in Thunderbird. If somebody sends me an email on the other address, and I click reply 2 all, it doesn't recognize that address as mine, so it adds it to the recipient list - I am mailing myself. Anything I can do to fix this? Some way to let TB recognize both addresses?

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  • Architecture a for a central renderer rather than self-rendering

    - by The Communist Duck
    For the architectural side of rendering, there's two main ways: having each object render itself, and having a single renderer which renders everything. I'm currently aiming for the second idea, for the following reasons: The list can be sorted to only use shaders once. Else each object would have to bind the shader, because it's not sure if it's active. The objects could be sorted and grouped. Easier to swap APIs. With a few macro lines, it can be easy to swap between a DirectX renderer and an OpenGL renderer (not a reason for my project, but still a good point) Easier to manage rendering code Of course, if anyone has strong recommendations for the first method, I will listen to them. But I was wondering how make this work. First idea The renderer has a list of pointers to the renderable components of each entity, which register themselves on RenderCompoent creation. However, I'm worrying that this may end up as a lot of extra pointer weight. But I can sort the list of pointers every so often. Second idea The entire list of entities is passed to the renderer each render call. The renderer then sorts the list (each call, or maybe once?) and gets what it wants. That's a lot of passing and/or sorting, however. Other ideas ??? PROFIT Anyone got ideas? Thank you.

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