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  • Python - Removing duplicates from a string

    - by Daniel
    def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Conditional root_url (index)

    - by vise
    I'd like my application to display different data on the frontpage depending on whether the user has been logged in or not. def index if current_user # render another controllers action else # render another controllers action end end I can achieve this by using render_component. However it has been obsolete for some time. Although I can still use it as a plugin, I'm interested if anyone has a better approach. Just take in mind that rendering another controller's view directly is not an option. Thanks.

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  • How to understand the functional programming code for converting IP string to a number?

    - by zfz
    In a python discusion, I saw a way to convert IP string to a integer in functional progamming way. Here is the Link . The function is implemented in a single line. def ipnumber(ip): return reduce(lambda sum, chunk: sum <<8 | chunk, map(int, ip.split("."))) However, I have few ideas of funcional programming. Could anybody explain the function in detail? I've some knowledg of "map" and "reduce". But I don't konw what "|" and "chunk" mean here? Thanks.

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  • Getting a random element in Django

    - by Sarah
    I just finished the Django tutorial and started work on my own project, however, I seem to have missed something completely. I wanted to get a random slogan from this model: from django.db import models class Slogan(models.Model): slogan = models.CharField(max_length=200) And return it in this view: from django.http import HttpResponse from swarm.sloganrotator.models import Slogan def index(request): return HttpResponse(Slogan.objects.order_by('?')[:1]) However, the view just returns 'Slogan object'. Then I thought, maybe I can access the slogan string itself by simply appending .slogan to the slice, but that gives me an error indicating that the object I have is actually a QuerySet and has no attribute slogan. I've obviously misunderstood something about Django here, but it just doesn't fall into place for me. Any help?

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  • Is it valid to include view code in Model?

    - by Shreekumar S
    Guys I'm new to RoR and MVC. I've a model which deals with loan beneficiary's data. To access the structured data (including small piece of HTML data) I created a method like this class Beneficiary < ActiveRecord::Base   def info   "#{name}</br>#{age},#{sex}</br><b>Address :</b>#{address}"   end end And in the view, I'm using this info something like this <%= @b.info.html_safe %> were, b is an instance of Beneficiary class It's working fine for me. I just want to know that, Am i violating the MVC rule here? Is it valid to include view code in Model?

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  • How to make sure a method returns an array, even when there is only one element in Ruby

    - by doctororange
    I have a Ruby method that searches an array of hashes and returns a subset of that array. def last_actions(type = 'all') actions = @actions if type == 'run' actions = actions.select {|a| a['type'] == "run" } end return actions end This works, except when there is only one action to return, in which case I don't think it is returning an array with one element, but just the element itself. This becomes problematic later. What's a good way to ensure it returns an array of 1 element in this case? Thanks.

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  • why can't I use "&&" in python to mean 'and'?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my code: # F. front_back # Consider dividing a string into two halves. # If the length is even, the front and back halves are the same length. # If the length is odd, we'll say that the extra char goes in the front half. # e.g. 'abcde', the front half is 'abc', the back half 'de'. # Given 2 strings, a and b, return a string of the form # a-front + b-front + a-back + b-back def front_back(a, b): # +++your code here+++ if len(a) % 2 == 0 && len(b) % 2 == 0: return a[:(len(a)/2)] + b[:(len(b)/2)] + a[(len(a)/2):] + b[(len(b)/2):] else: #todo! Not yet done. :P return I'm getting an error in the IF conditional. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Show a modal right after signup?

    - by user1494756
    When a user signup at my page I want them to be redirected to the root_path(this I have figured out how to do in the user controller). But then I want a modal to show in front of this page(and this should only happen the first time the user see this root/home page(like a flash message). Here is my create method in the user controller: def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) if @user.save sign_in @user redirect_to root_path else render 'new' end end The modal is placed in app/views/layouts/_modal.html.erb. Does anybody know how to make this happen? (Jepp, I am a newbie :)

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  • Ruby: having callbacks on 'attr' objects

    - by JP
    Essentially I'm wondering how to place callbacks on objects in ruby, so that when an object is changed in anyway I can automatically trigger other changes: class MyClass attr_reader :proxy def proxy=(string_proxy = "") begin @proxy = URI.parse("http://"+((string_proxy.empty?) ? ENV['HTTP_PROXY'] : string_proxy)) @http = Net::HTTP::Proxy.new(@proxy.host,@proxy.port) rescue @http = Net::HTTP end end end m = MyClass.new m.proxy = "myproxy.com:8080" p m.proxy # => <URI: @host="myproxy.com" @port=8080> # However changing m.proxy will not change the @http variable, as proxy= is not being called. # Desired functionality: m.proxy = nil # Now @http.class is Net::HTTP, not Net::HTTP::Proxy

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  • What is the most efficient functional version of the following imperative code?

    - by justin.r.s.
    I'm learning Scala and I want to know the best way of expressing this imperative pattern using Scala's functional programming capabilities. def f(l: List[Int]): Boolean = { for (e <- l) { if (test(e)) return true } } return false } The best I can come up with is along the lines of: l map { e => test(e) } contains true But this is less efficient since it calls test() on each element, whereas the imperative version stops on the first element that satisfies test(). Is there a more idiomatic functional programming technique I can use to the same effect? The imperative version seems awkward in Scala.

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  • Best way to parse XMPP-like XML streams?

    - by codethief
    I am working on a server application which receives data over a TCP socket in an XMPP-like XML format, i.e. every child of the <root> element essentially represents one separate request (stanza). The connection is closed as soon as </root> is received. I do know that I must use a stream parser like SAX, somehow. Though, for convenience, I'd prefer to have a tree-like interface to access each stanza's child elements. (The data sent with every request is not large so I think it makes sense to read each stanza as a whole.) What's the best way to realize that in Python (preferably v3)? This is the code I'd like to build it in. Feel free to point me in a totally different direction to solve this issue. import socketserver import settings class MyServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.TCPServer): pass class MyRequestHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler): def handle(self): pass if __name__ == '__main__': server = MyServer((settings.host, settings.port), MyRequestHandler) server.serve_forever()

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  • why is link generated in YUI javascript failing to render in rails?

    - by pmneve
    Using YAHOO.widget.treeview to generate a table with three levels of data: module, submodule, and detail. If there is an image associated with a detail row the javascript generates a link: "<td><a href=\"/screenshot/show/" + rowData.id + "\">Screenshot</a></td>" that is appended to the html for the row. The url is generated correctly and the link appears. When clicked nothing happens except the word 'Done' appears in the browser status bar. Am calling the very same url from another page that does not use javascript and the screenshot page appears as expected. Here is the controller. class ScreenshotController < ApplicationController def show if @detail.screen_path.length 1 @imagePath = "#{RAILS_ROOT}" + "/private/#{Company.find(@detail.company_id).subdir}/" + "#{Project.find(@detail.project_id).subdir}/screenshot/" + "#{@detail.screen_path}" send_file ( @imagePath, :type = 'image/jpeg', :disposition = 'inline') end end end A sample url: http://localhost:3004/screenshot/show/20854 This code from show.html.erb belonging to the detail model works: <%= link_to 'View', :controller = 'screenshot', :id = @detail.id, :action = 'show' % Any ideas???

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  • Can using Chronic impair you sense of time?

    - by Trip
    Haha.. I'm using Chronic to parse the time users add in the Calendar. Where the code works and implements the right time, the end result is that, IF a user adds a time, then it has no date, and because it has no date, it will not show in results. Any ideas? def set_dates unless self.natural_date.blank? || Chronic.parse(self.natural_date).blank? # check if we are dealing with a date or a date + time if time_provided?(self.natural_date) self.date = nil self.time = Chronic.parse(self.natural_date) else self.date = Chronic.parse(self.natural_date).to_date self.time = nil end end unless self.natural_end_date.blank? || Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date).blank? # check if we are dealing with a date or a date + time if time_provided?(self.natural_end_date) self.end_date = nil self.end_time = Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date) else self.end_date = Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date).to_date self.end_time = nil end end end

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  • Process AJAX response with long runing tasks

    - by mpz
    I have long time task in controller action. I use delayed job for it. (Also in heroku it is good practice for perfomance - dyno must work for small time in each request) But my client need result of it work and users can wait on that task. It is more clear: no any addition models or records in it, simple view and js... I think about such way: On client run AJAX with very long timeout (5 min for example) Client make request to server as usual On controller in action1 def start_work (with delay work setup) i need NO any response to client After work performs (delay job finished) i need run new action2 with response to client Client recieve response after about 1-5 min It is possible?

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  • python writing a list to a file

    - by gfar90
    I need to write a list to a file in python. I know the list should be converted to a string with the join method, but since I have a tuple I got confused. I tried a lot to change my variables to strings etc, this is one of my first attempts: def perform(text): repository = [("","")] fdist = nltk.FreqDist(some_variable) for c in some_variable: repository.append((c, fdist[c])) return ' '.join(repository) but it gives me the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in qe = perform(entfile2) File "", line 14, in perform return ' '.join(repository) TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, tuple found any ideas how to write the list 'repository' to a file? Thanks!

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  • On Google AppEngine what is the best way to merge two tables?

    - by gpjones
    If I have two tables, Company and Sales, and I want to display both sets of data in a single list, how would I do this on Google App Engine using GQL? The models are: class Company(db.Model): companyname = db.StringProperty() companyid = db.StringProperty() salesperson = db.StringProperty() class Sales(db.Model): companyid = db.StringProperty() weeklysales = db.StringProperty() monthlysales = db.StringProperty() The views are: def company(request): companys = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Company") sales = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Sales") template_values = { 'companys' : companys, 'sales' : sales } return respond(request, 'list', template_values) List html includes: {%for company in companys%} {% for sale in sales %} {% ifequal company.companyid sales.companyid %} {{sales.weeklysales}} {{sales.monthlysales}} {% endifequal %} {% endfor %} {{company.companyname}} {{company.companyid}} {{company.salesperson}} {%endfor%} Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • [app-engine-java-groovy] One-to-Many relationship. Select objects from datastore.

    - by Olexandr
    Hi. I've omitted some code(package declarations, imports, other fields) for shortness. I have here simple One-to-Many relation. It worked fine till this moment. @PersistenceCapable(identityType = IdentityType.APPLICATION, detachable="true") class Restaurant implements Serializable { @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) Key id @Persistent(mappedBy = "restaurant") List<RestaurantAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<RestaurantAddress>() } //-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= @PersistenceCapable(identityType = IdentityType.APPLICATION, detachable="true") class RestaurantAddress implements Serializable { @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) Key id @Persistent Restaurant restaurant } Now i need to get(select) all the Restaurants from DB: def getRestaurantsToExport(final String dst, final int count) { String field = restaurantExportFields[dst] return transactionExecute() { PersistenceManager pm -> Query q = pm.newQuery(Restaurant.class) q.filter = "$field == null" q.setRange(0, count) return q.execute() } } But there are on problem - query gives me 12 restaurants(as in DB) but every Restaurant has 0 Address but in Datastore every Restaurant has minimum 2 addresses. Have anyone the same problem or knows the solution ?

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  • Converting time period strings to value/unit pair

    - by randomtoor
    I need to parse the contents of a string that represents a time period. The format of the string is value/unit, e.g.: 1s, 60min, 24h. I would separate the actual value (an int) and unit (a str) to separated variables. At the moment I do it like this: def validate_time(time): binsize = time.strip() unit = re.sub('[0-9]','',binsize) if unit not in ['s','m','min','h','l']: print "Error: unit {0} is not valid".format(unit) sys.exit(2) tmp = re.sub('[^0-9]','',binsize) try: value = int(tmp) except ValueError: print "Error: {0} is not valid".format(time) sys.exit(2) return value,unit However, it is not ideal as things like 1m0 are also (wrongly) validated (value=10,unit=m). What is the best way to validate/parse this input?

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  • Simple Sinatra Ajax Not Working

    - by proteantech
    I was trying make an AJAX call from a static file on my computer to a simple sinatra service. The ajax call was returning with an error and no details. The server logged no errors either. Another strange symptom was that the Origin in the request header was null. I turns out that you can't make cross domain ajax calls without a little extra effort. You can set the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header on your sinatra response to expose your service to external domains using a snippet like this: get '/hi' do response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*' content_type 'text/plain' "Hello World" end There's also another header you can set to allow other HTTP Methods besides gets, Access-Control-Request-Method. You can find more information by searching around for CORS: Cross Origin Resource Sharing and the previously mentioned headers. Oh, and in case you want to do this in Rails as well you can do something like this in your controller: after_filter :set_access_control_headers def set_access_control_headers headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*' headers['Access-Control-Request-Method'] = '*' end

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  • What's causing "NoMethodError: undefined method `include?' for nil:NilClass"

    - by NudeCanalTroll
    I have a Book model in my Rails application, with various properties (aka columns in the book db table). One of these properties is "ranking". Recently, may app has started to throw NoMethodError: undefined method 'include?' for nil:NilClass for the following code: def some_method(book, another_arg) return book.ranking unless book.ranking.blank? ... end However, it's not consistent. The vast majority of the time, accessing book.ranking works -- the error is thrown maybe 2-4% of the time. If I change the code to book[:ranking] or book['ranking'] instead of book.ranking, it works 100% of the time. Any ideas?

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  • Get _id from MongoDB using Scala

    - by user2438383
    For a given JSON how do I get the _id to use it as an id for inserting in another JSON? Tried to get the ID as shown below but does not return correct results. private def getModelRunId(): List[String] = { val resultsCursor: List[DBObject] = modelRunResultsCollection.find(MongoDBObject.empty, MongoDBObject(FIELD_ID -> 1)).toList println("resultsCursor >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> " + resultsCursor) resultsCursor.map(x => (Json.parse(x.toString()) \ FIELD_ID).asOpt[String]).flatten } { "_id": ObjectId("5269723bd516ec3a69f3639e"), "modelRunId": ObjectId("5269723ad516ec3a69f3639d"), "results": [ { "ClaimId": "526971f5b5b8b9148404623a", "pricingResult": { "TxId": 0, "ClaimId": "Large_Batch_1", "Errors": [ ], "Disposition": [ { "GroupId": 1, "PriceAmt": 20, "Status": "Priced Successfully", "ReasonCode": 0, "Reason": "RmbModel(PAM_DC_1):ProgramNode(Validation CPG):ServiceGroupNode(Medical Services):RmbTerm(RT)", "PricingMethodologyId": 2, "Lines": [ { "Id": 1 } ] } ] } },

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  • Putting a thread to sleep until event X occurs

    - by tipu
    I'm writing to many files in a threaded app and I'm creating one handler per file. I have HandlerFactory class that manages the distribution of these handlers. What I'd like to do is that thread A requests and gets foo.txt's file handle from the HandlerFactory class thread B requests foo.txt's file handler handler class recognizes that this file handle has been checked out handler class puts thread A to sleep thread B closes file handle using a wrapper method from HandlerFactory HandlerFactory notifies sleeping threads thread B wakes and successfully gets foo.txt's file handle This is what I have so far, def get_handler(self, file_path, type): self.lock.acquire() if file_path not in self.handlers: self.handlers[file_path] = open(file_path, type) elif not self.handlers[file_path].closed: time.sleep(1) self.lock.release() return self.handlers[file_path][type] I believe this covers the sleeping and handler retrieval successfully, but I am unsure how to wake up all threads, or even better wake up a specific thread.

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  • C++ detecting end of file

    - by xbonez
    I have a C++ program that is reading in info from a file, that stores info seperated by "$$$$". An example of how the file looks is: abc bcd $$$$ def $$$$ qwe gfh $$$$ How can I detect the file has ended, without using the eof() function? I have it set like this, getline(sin,temp) if (temp=="$$$$") { } After reading the last set of four dollars, how can I check the next line to ensure another set of data isn't beginning, and that the file has ended? If the file has indeed ended, I plan on using a boolean flag to terminate the while loop.

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  • latex and bibtex problem

    - by Hellnar
    Hello, I am trying to compile an academical paper with chicago style citations. For this I am using a file named chicago.sty, Document compiles however I do not see any reference or citation.Instead I somehow get error when reading the paper.blg file: This is BibTeX, Version 0.99cThe top-level auxiliary file: paper.aux I couldn't open style file chicago.bst ---line 62 of file paper.aux : \bibstyle{chicago} What is a blg file, and how can I generate it from the .sty file so that my citations and references display properly. I do a such include: .... \usepackage{chicago} \addto\captionsenglish{\def\refname{Reference-List}} .... .... %at the bottom of the source file: \bibliographystyle{chicago} \singlespacing \bibliography{paper}%name of the bib file Regards.

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  • NoneType has no attribute Append

    - by Rosarch
    I'm new to Python. I can't understand why a variable is None at a certain point in my code: class UsersInRoom(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): room_id = self.request.get("room_id") username = self.request.get("username") UserInRoom_entities = UserInRoom.gql("WHERE room = :1", room_id).get() if UserInRoom_entities: for user_in_room in UserInRoom_entities: if user_in_room.username == username: user_in_room.put() # last_poll auto updates to now whenenever user_in_room is saved else: user_in_room = UserInRoom() user_in_room.username = username user_in_room.put() UserInRoom_entities = [] UserInRoom_entities.append(user_in_room) // error here # name is `user_at_room` intead of `user_in_room` to avoid confusion usernames = [user_at_room.username for user_at_room in UserInRoom_entities] self.response.out.write(json.dumps(usernames)) The error is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "path\to\chat.py", line 160, in get AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append' How is this possible? I'm setting UserInRoom_entities = [] immediately before that call. Or is something else the None in question?

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