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  • Returning a list in this recursive coi function in python.

    - by Nate
    Hello. I'm having trouble getting my list to return in my code. Instead of returning the list, it keeps returning None, but if I replace the return with print in the elif statement, it prints the list just fine. How can I repair this? def makeChange2(amount, coinDenomination, listofcoins = None): #makes a list of coins from an amount given by using a greedy algorithm coinDenomination.sort() #reverse the list to make the largest position 0 at all times coinDenomination.reverse() #assigns list if listofcoins is None: listofcoins = [] if amount >= coinDenomination[0]: listofcoins = listofcoins + [coinDenomination[0]] makeChange2((amount - coinDenomination[0]), coinDenomination, listofcoins) elif amount == 0: return listofcoins else: makeChange2(amount, coinDenomination[1:], listofcoins)

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  • python [lxml] - cleaning out html tags

    - by sadhu_
    from lxml.html.clean import clean_html, Cleaner def clean(text): try: cleaner = Cleaner(scripts=True, embedded=True, meta=True, page_structure=True, links=True, style=True, remove_tags = ['a', 'li', 'td']) print (len(cleaner.clean_html(text))- len(text)) return cleaner.clean_html(text) except: print 'Error in clean_html' print sys.exc_info() return text I put together the above (ugly) code as my initial forays into python land. I'm trying to use lxml cleaner to clean out a couple of html pages, so in the end i am just left with the text and nothing else - but try as i might, the above doesnt appear to work as such, i'm still left with a substial amount of markup (and it doesnt appear to be broken html), and particularly links, which aren't getting removed, despite the args i use in remove_tags and links=True any idea whats going on, perhaps im barking up the wrong tree with lxml ? i thought this was the way to go with html parsing in python?

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  • Select from multiple tables in Rails - Has Many "articles" through [table_1, table_2]?

    - by viatropos
    I'm in a situation where I need to get all articles that are tied to a User through 2 tables: article_access: gives users privilege to see an article article_favorites: of public articles, users have favorited these So in ActiveRecord you might have this: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :article_access_tokens has_many :article_favorites def articles unless @articles ids = article_access_tokens.all(:select => "article_id").map(&:article_id) + article_favorites.all(:select => "article_id").map(&:article_id) @articles = Article.send(:scoped, :conditions => {:id => ids.uniq}) end @articles end end That gives me basically an articles association which reads from two separate tables. Question is though, what's the right way to do this? Can I somehow make 1 SQL SELECT call to do this?

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  • rails summing column values of rows with similar attributes

    - by butterywombat
    Hi all, I have a Sites table that has columns name, and time. The name does not have to be unique. So for example I may have the entries 'hi.com, 5', 'hi.com, 10', 'bye.com, 4'. I would like to sum up all the unique sites so that i get 'hi.com, 15' and 'bye.com, 4' for plotting purposes. How can I do that? (For some reference I was looking at http://railscasts.com/episodes/223-charts but I couldn't get the following (translated to my table) to work def self.total_on(date) where("date(purchased_at) = ?", date).sum(:total_price) end nor do I really understand the syntax of the 'where("date(purchased_at) = ?", date)' part. Thanks for helping a rails newbie!

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  • smarter "reverse" of a dictionary in python (acc for some of values being the same)?

    - by mrkafk
    def revert_dict(d): rd = {} for key in d: val = d[key] if val in rd: rd[val].append(key) else: rd[val] = [key] return rd >>> revert_dict({'srvc3': '1', 'srvc2': '1', 'srvc1': '2'}) {'1': ['srvc3', 'srvc2'], '2': ['srvc1']} This obviously isn't simple exchange of keys with values: this would overwrite some values (as new keys) which is NOT what I'm after. If 2 or more values are the same for different keys, keys are supposed to be grouped in a list. The above function works, but I wonder if there is a smarter / faster way?

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  • Rails Authlogic authentication method

    - by Rabbott
    Within Authlogic, is there a way that I can add conditions to the authentication method? I know by using the find_by_login_method I can specify another method to use, but when I use this I need to pass another parameter since the find_by_login_method method only passes the parameter that is deemed the 'login_field'. What I need to do is check something that is an association of the authentic model.. Here is the method I want to use # make sure that the user has access to the subdomain that they are # attempting to login to, subdomains are company names def self.find_by_email_and_company(email, company) user = User.find_by_email(email) companies = [] user.brands.each do |b| companies << b.company.id end user && companies.include?(company) end But this fails due to the fact that only one parameter is sent to the find_by_email_and_company method. The company is actually the subdomain, so in order to get it here I am just placing it in a hidden field in the form (only way I could think to get it to the model) Is there a method I can override somehow..?

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  • Reading a series of input / output in Python

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello everyone. For my app, I need to print out a series of outputs and then accepts inputs from the user. What would be the best way of doing this? Like: print '1' x = raw_input() print '2' y = raw_input() Something like this, but it would go on for at least 10 times. My only concern with doing the above is that it would make up for poor code readability. How should I do it? Should I create a function like this: def printOut(string): print string Or is there a better way?

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  • before_save not working with Rails 3

    - by Mich Dart
    I have this Project model: class Project < ActiveRecord::Base validates :status, :inclusion => { :in => ['active', 'closed'] } validates :title, :presence => true, :length => { :in => 4..30 } before_save :set_default_status_if_not_specified private def set_default_status_if_not_specified self.status = 'active' if self.status.blank? end end If I create a new object like this: Project.create!(:title => 'Test 2', :pm_id => 1) I get these errors: Validation failed: Status is not included in the list But status field should get filled in before save.

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  • Ruby on Rails: Modules vs. Classes

    - by Jack
    I'm trying to add a function that will be accessible throughout all parts of my program. I want something like: def GlobalFunctions.my_function(x,y) puts x + y end to be accessible for all models. Specifically I am trying to use a function like this in my seeds.rb file but I am most likely going to be reusing the code and don't want any redundancy. Now I know I can make a simple class, but I could also make a module. What are some reasons to go in either direction? And once I've decided on which type to use, how do I make it accessible throughout the whole program? I have tried a module, but I keep getting " Expected app/[module file] to define [ModuleName]"

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  • Can a webflow's action state have multiple redirects on success?

    - by callie16
    Say, I have this type of webflow: def myFlow = { state1 { } on("next").to("stateAct") stateAct { action { ... DB stuff ... } } on("success").to("state2") state2 { } on("prev").to("state1") } Now, the contents of "stateAct" is common between state1 and state2. Meaning, if I press "next" from state1, I need to pass by stateAct before I can go to state2 (which is the current implementation) and if I press "prev" in state2, I need it to pass by stateAct before it goes to state1. Obviously, in the sample webflow above, it doesn't do the latter. So, my question is, is there a way to detect in stateAct who called it (state1 or state2) so that I can redirect accordingly on "success"? Or something similar to that behavior? Thanks! -Lee

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  • Putting a variable name = value format in Ruby

    - by Calm Storm
    Hi, I would like to add some debugs for my simple ruby functions and I wrote a function as below, def debug(&block) varname = block.call.to_s puts "#{varname} = #{eval(varname,block)}" end debug {:x} #prints x = 5 debug {:y} #prints y = 5 I understand that eval is evil. So I have two questions. Is there any way to write that debug method without using eval? If NO is there a preferred way to do this? Is there any way to pass a list of arguments to this method? I would ideally prefer debug {:x, :y. :anynumOfvariables}. I could not quite figure out how to factor that into the debug method (i.e, to take a list of arguments)

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  • The return value should be a list but doesn't return as expected?! - Python newbie

    - by user1432941
    Hi this must be a very simple solution that has eluded me this last hour. I've tried to build this test function where the return value of the test_cases list should match the values in the test_case_answers list but for some reason, test case 1 and test case 2 fail. When i print the return values for the test cases they return the correct answers, but for some reason test case 1 and test case 2 return False. Thanks for your help! import math test_cases = [1, 9, -3] test_case_answers = [1, 3, 0] def custom_sqrt(num): for i in range(len(test_cases)): if test_cases[i] >= 0: return math.sqrt(test_cases[i]) else: return 0 for i in range(len(test_cases)): if custom_sqrt(test_cases[i]) != test_case_answers[i]: print "Test Case #", i, "failed!" custom_sqrt(test_cases)

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  • Rails controller processing as HTML instead of XML

    - by Andy
    I've recently upgraded from Ruby 1.8.6 and Rails 2.3.4 to Ruby 1.9 and Rails 3.0.3. I have the following controller: class ChartController < ApplicationController before_filter :login_required respond_to :html, :xml def load_progress chart.add( :series, "Memorized", y_memorized ) chart.add( :series, "Learning", y_learning ) chart.add( :series, "Mins / Day", y_time ) chart.add( :user_data, :secondary_y_interval, time_axis_interval ) respond_to do |fmt| fmt.xml { render :xml => chart.to_xml } end # Also tried # respond_with chart end end However, when I call the 'load_progress method' I get the following: Started GET "/load_progress.xml" for 127.0.0. Processing by ChartController#load_progress as HTML Completed 406 Not Acceptable in 251ms I have also tried changing the respond_to block to respond_with chart But I get the same response. I've read all the new Rails documentation on the new respond_with format but I can't seem to elicit an XML response. Am desperately hoping someone has some ideas.

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  • Constructor Definition

    - by mctl87
    Ok so i have a class Vector: #include <cstdlib> class Vec { private: size_t size; int * ptab; public: Vec(size_t n); ~Vec() {delete [] ptab;} size_t size() const {return size;} int & operator[](int n) {return ptab[n];} int operator[](int n) const {return ptab[n];} void operator=(Vec const& v); }; inline Vec::Vec(size_t n) : size(n), ptab(new int[n]) { } and the problem is that in one of my homework exercises i have to extend constructor def, so all elements will be initialized with zeros. I thought i know the basics but cant get through this dynamic array -.- ps. sry for gramma and other mistakes ;)

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  • How to optimize this script

    - by marks34
    I have written the following script. It opens a file, reads each line from it splitting by new line character and deleting first character in line. If line exists it's being added to array. Next each element of array is splitted by whitespace, sorted alphabetically and joined again. Every line is printed because script is fired from console and writes everything to file using standard output. I'd like to optimize this code to be more pythonic. Any ideas ? import sys def main(): filename = sys.argv[1] file = open(filename) arr = [] for line in file: line = line[1:].replace("\n", "") if line: arr.append(line) for line in arr: lines = line.split(" ") lines.sort(key=str.lower) line = ''.join(lines) print line if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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  • app engine's back referencing is too slow. How can I make it faster?

    - by Ray Yun
    Google app engine has smart feature named back references and I usually iterate them where the traditional SQL's computed column need to be used. Just imagine that need to accumulate specific force's total hp. class Force(db.Model): hp = db.IntegerProperty() class UnitGroup(db.Model): force = db.ReferenceProperty(reference_class=Force,collection_name="groups") hp = db.IntegerProperty() class Unit(db.Model): group = db.ReferenceProperty(reference_class=UnitGroup,collection_name="units") hp = db.IntegerProperty() When I code like following, it was horribly slow (almost 3s) with 20 forces with single group - single unit. (I guess back-referencing force reload sub entities. Am I right?) def get_hp(self): hp = 0 for group in self.groups: group_hp = 0 for unit in group.units: group_hp += unit.hp hp += group_hp return hp How can I optimize this code? Please consider that there are more properties should be computed for each force/unit-groups and I don't want to save these collective properties to each entities. :)

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  • Rails 3 ActiveRecord group_by sort by count

    - by Craig
    The following view code generates a series of links with totals (as expected): <% @jobs.group_by(&:employer_name).sort.each do |employer, jobs| %> <%= link_to employer, jobs_path() %> <%= "(#{jobs.length})" %> <% end %> However, when I refactor the view's code and move the logic to a helper, the code doesn't work as expect. view: <%= employer_filter(@jobs_clone) %> helper: def employer_filter(jobs) jobs.group_by(&:employer_name).sort.each do |employer,jobs| link_to employer, jobs_path() end end The following output is generated: <Job:0x10342e628>#<Job:0x10342e588>#<Job:0x10342e2e0>Employer A#<Job:0x10342e1c8>Employer B#<Job:0x10342e0d8>Employer C#<Job:0x10342ded0>Employer D# What am I not understanding? At first blush, the code seems to be equivalent.

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  • ruby convert hundredth seconds to timestamp optimization

    - by Nik
    Hey! I want to convert "123456" to "00:20:34.56" where the two digits to the right of the decimal point is in hundredth of a second. So 00:00:00.99 + 00:00:00.01 = 00:00:01.00 What I have: def to_hmsc(cent) h = (cent/360000).floor cent -= h*360000 m = (cent/6000).floor cent -= m*6000 s = (cent/100).floor cent -= s*100 "#{h}:#{m}:#{s}.#{s}" end does this: to_hmsc("123456") #= "0:20:34.56" Question 1: I mean,this is ruby, I find the part ' cent -=... ' rather clunky. Can you see any way to shorten the entire process? Question 2: This has been asked a million times before, but please share whatever you've got: what's the shortest way to add leading zero to the digits. so that to_hmsc("123456") #= "00:20:34.56" Thanks!

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  • Ruby does not run code correctly

    - by seefour
    I run this basic code in Ruby (on Windows): def hello () puts 'test' end hello and the Interpreter throws me this error: app.ru:1: syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting $end hello puts 'test' It seems like Ruby is skipping lines? I've tried various encoding formats, other code and it still gives me an error similar to this. Why is it happening? EDIT The suggestions were to either use different editors or semi-colons to see if the lines were an issue. The version is also new - 1.9.3p327, so that shouldn't have been a problem. Parentheses aren't a problem either.

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  • Difference Between Two Lists with Many Duplicates in Python

    - by Paul
    I have several lists that contain many of the same items and many duplicate items. I want to check which items in one list are not in the other list. For example, I might have one list like this: l1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b', 'c'] and one list like this: l2 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b'] Comparing these two lists I would want to return a third list like this: l3 = ['c'] I am currently using some terrible code that I made a while ago that I'm fairly certain doesn't even work properly shown below. def list_difference(l1,l2): for i in range(0, len(l1)): for j in range(0, len(l2)): if l1[i] == l1[j]: l1[i] = 'damn' l2[j] = 'damn' l3 = [] for item in l1: if item!='damn': l3.append(item) return l3 How can I better accomplish this task?

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  • Minimizing calls to database in rails

    - by ming yeow
    Hi guys, i am familiar with memcached and eager loading, but neither seems to solve the problem i am facing. My main performance lag comes from hundreds of data retrieval calls from the database. The tricky thing is that I do not know which set of users i need to retrieve until i have several steps of computation. I can refactor my code, but i was wondering how you experts handle this situation? I think it should be a fairly common situation def newsfeed - find out which users i need - retrieve those users via DB - find out which events happened for these users - for each of those events - retrieve new set of users - find out which groups are relevant - for each of those groups - retrieve new set of users - etc, etc end

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  • How should I use try...except while defining a function?

    - by SpawnCxy
    Hi all, I find I've been confused by the problem that when I needn't to use try..except.For last few days it was used in almost every function I defined which I think maybe a bad practice.For example: class mongodb(object): def getRecords(self,tname,conditions=''): try: col = eval("self.db.%s" %tname) recs = col.find(condition) return recs except Exception,e: #here make some error log with e.message What I thought is ,exceptions may be raised everywhere and I have to use try to get them. And my question is,is it a good practice to use it everywhere when defining functions?If not are there any principles for it?Help would be appreciated! Regards

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  • How to manually close connection in BaseHTTPServer?

    - by user1657188
    I have a script that sends a request to an HTTP server. HTTP server script (snippet): ... class MyHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(sa): pdict = cgi.parse_header(sa.headers.getheader('referer')) q = pdict[0] q = urllib.unquote(q) if q == "enternetixplorer" # basically just ignore this, doesn't have to do with the question sa.wfile.write("blah blah blah") # now restart server httpd.server_close() python = sys.executable os.execl(python, python, * sys.argv) ... The "blah blah blah" is sent back, but the connection does not seem to close, and my script is waiting forever until I abort the server. (My thought is BaseHTTPServer automatically closes connection when the last part in "do_GET()" is computed, but I prevent this by restarting the script.) If I'm right, how do I close the connection? If not, what else might be the problem? Edit: The server script HAS to restart the entire program.

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  • Reason for unintuitive UnboundLocalError behaviour 2

    - by Jonathan
    Following up on Reason for unintuitive UnboundLocalError behaviour (I will assume you've read it). Consider the following Python script: def f(): # a+=1 # 1 aa=a aa+=1 # b+='b' # 2 bb=b bb+='b' c[0]+='c' # 3 c.append('c') cc=c cc.append('c') # 4 a=1 b='b' c=['c'] f() print a print b print c The result of the script is: 1 b ['cc', 'c', 'c'] The commented out lines (marked 1,2) are lines that would through an UnboundLocalError and the SO question I referenced explains why. However, the line marked 3 works! By default, lists are copied by reference in Python, therefore it's understandable that c changes when cc changes. But why should Python allow c to change in the first place, if it didn't allow changes to a and b directly from the method's scope? I don't see how the fact that by default lists are copied by reference in Python should make this design decision inconsistent. What am I missing folks?

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