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  • new items on GRUB screen in ubuntu/linux

    - by artsince
    I regularly update my ubuntu (10.04), and new minor versions keep accumulating on the GRUB screen. Right now I have 5 different versions listed on the GRUB, even though I always select the latest version to work with. Am I supposed to do anything to get rid of the old version references? Do these old versions affect disk space/performance?

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  • Move files on windows7 ntfs dead slow?

    - by slabo
    Just installed Win7, and i noticed when i move a file/folder, it actually copies, then deletes. I noticed because if i want to move 40 GB, I must have 40 GB free space. On XP, if I am moving folders and files within the same partition, no matter size, are moved instantly. Only the number of files matters. Any way to get around this? Thanks.

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  • Unecrypted Image of Truecrypt-Encrypted System Partition

    - by Dexter
    The general tenor around the internet seems to be that you can't create images of system partitions that have been encrypted (with truecrypt) other than with dd or similar sector-by-sector copy tools. These files however are very impractical given their size (and are obviously incompressible) which makes keeping multiple states/backups of your system partition rather expensive (..especially considering current hdd prices). The problem is that backup tools (like Acronis True Image, Clonezilla, etc.) won't give you the option to create an image of (mounted/opened) Truecrypt partitions, or that there is no recovery environment for restoring the backup, that would allow to run truecrypt before doing any actual restoring. After some trial and error however, I believe I have found a very simple way. Since Truecrypt (running in Linux) creates a virtual block device, that it uses for mounting the unencrypted partitions into the file system, partclone can be used for creating/restoring images. What I did: boot up a linux live disk mount/open the drive/device/partition in truecrypt unmount the filesystem mount point again, like so: umount /media/truecryptX ("X" being the partition number assigend by truecrypt) use partclone (this is what clonezilla would do too, except that clonezilla only offers you to back up real drive partitions, not virtual block devices): partclone.ntfs -c -s /dev/mapper/truecryptX -o nameOfBackupFile for restoring steps 1-3 remain the same, and step 4 is partclone.ntfs -r -s nameOfBackupFile -o /dev/mapper/truecryptX A backup and test-restore of the system (with this method) seems to have worked fine (and the changed settings were reverted to the backup-state). The backup file is ~40 GB (and compressible down to <8GB with 7zip/LZMA2 on the "fast" setting). I can't quite believe that I'm the only one that wants to create images of encrypted drives, but doesn't want to waste 100GB on the backup of one single system state. So my question now is, given how simple this was, and that no one seems to mention anywhere that this is possible - did I miss something? or did I do something wrong? Is there any situation that I didn't think of where this method will fail? Obviously, the backup file needs to be stored in some other encrypted place in order to still remain confidential, since it is unencrypted. Also, in order to do a full "bare metal" restore, one would have to actually first (re-)install Windows, encrypt it, and only then restore the backup file. The funny thing however is that you won't need to backup any partition tables, etc. since the reinstall will effectively take care of that. Is there anything else? This is imho still a lot better than having sector-by-sector images..

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  • Our VPS is being used as a Warez mule

    - by Mikuso
    The company I work for runs a series of ecommerce stores on a VPS. It's a WAMP stack, 50gb storage. We use an archaic piece of ecommerce software which operates almost entirely client-side. When an order is taken, it writes it to disk and then we schedule a task to download the orders once every 10 minutes. A few days ago, we ran out of disk space, which caused orders to fail to be written. I quickly hopped on to delete some old logs from the mailserver and freed up a couple of GB pretty quickly, but I wondered how we could fill up 50gb will nothing much more than logs. Turns out, we didn't. Hidden deep within the c:\System Volume Information directory, we have a stack of pirated videos, which seem to have appeared (looking at the timestamps) over the past three weeks. Porn, American Sports, Australian cooking shows. A very odd collection. Doesn't look like an individual's personal tastes - more like the VPS is being used as a mule. We have a 5-attempts and you're blocked policy on our FTP server (plus, there is no FTP account with access to that directory), and the windows user account has had it's password changed recently. The main avenues are sealed - and logs can verify that. I thought I'd watch and see if it happened again, and yes, another cooking show has appeared this morning. I am the only one to know of this problem at my company, and only one of two with access to the VPS (the other being my boss, but no - it's not him). So how is this happening? Is there a vulnerability in some of the software on the VPS? Are the VPS owners peddling warez across our rented space? (can they do this?) I don't want to delete the warez in case it is seen as a hostile action against this outside force, and they choose to retaliate. What should I do? How do I troubleshoot this? Has this happened to anyone else before?

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  • How to replace the domain name in a Wordpress database?

    - by Cristian
    I have a Wordpress database which was installed in a development environment... thus, all references to the site itself have a fixed IP address (say 192.168.16.2). Now, I have to migrate that database to a new Wordpress installation on a hosting. The problem is that the SQL dump contains a lot of references to the IP address, and I have to replace it with: my_domain.com. I could use sed or some other command to change the that from the command line, the problem is that there are a lot of configuration data which uses JSON. So what? Well, as you know, JSON arrays uses things like: s:4: to know how many chars an element has, and thus, if I just replace the IP with the domain name, the configuration files will get corrupted. I used an app for Windows some years ago that allows to change values in a database and takes care of the JSON arrays. Unfortunately, I forgot the name of the app... so the question is: do you know any app that allows me to do what I want?

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  • How to tell statd to use portmap on a non-localhost ipadress?

    - by jneves
    How can I make statd connect to other IP address other than 127.0.0.1? I have a server that is connected to 2 different networks (one is public, another a private). I want it to provide a NFS share for only the private network. The host in an ubuntu 8.04. The private ip address is 192.168.1.202 I changed /etc/default/portmap to add: OPTIONS="-i 192.168.1.202" The command lsof -n | grep portmap returns: portmap 10252 daemon cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon txt REG 202,0 15248 13461 /sbin/portmap portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 83708 32823 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 1364388 32817 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 31304 16588 /lib/libwrap.so.0.7.6 portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 109152 16955 /lib/ld-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon 0u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 1u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 2u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 3u unix 0xecc8c3c0 4332992 socket portmap 10252 daemon 4u IPv4 4332993 UDP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc portmap 10252 daemon 5u IPv4 4332994 TCP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc (LISTEN) portmap 10252 daemon 6u REG 0,12 289 3821511 /var/run/portmap_mapping I defined in /etc/hosts the following: 192.168.1.202 server.local In /etc/default/nfs-common I changed STATDOPTS to: STATDOPTS="--name server.local" Yet when I run /etc/init.d/nfs-common start if fails to start. The log shows: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Version 1.1.2 Starting Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Flags: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: unable to register (statd, 1, udp). An strace -f rpc.statd -n server.local results in a lot of lines, including this one: sendto(9, "\200]3\362\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\1\206\240\0\0\0\2\0\0\0\1"..., 56, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(111), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 56

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  • Hyper-V VM Lab + RRAS + RDP

    - by Dennis Evans
    My background is primarily .NET Development with some System Administration skills. I'm trying to set up a VM Lab for me to test System Applications I'm developing but I've only ever done System Administration in already set up environments; I've never set up my own. My current setup: Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Host on physical machine (only role enabled) with two NICs. First NIC dedicated for Management w/ DHCP address from company's network. Second NIC dedicated to RRAS VM w/ DHCP address from company's network. RRAS VM has two NICS, one is virtual private internal only NIC w/ static entry. The other is the physical NIC mentioned above. I've joined it to my VMLab.net internal domain. My Active Directory Domain Controller server (ADCT) also runs DNS, DHCP, and Certificate Services which I'm familiar with but don't understand completely. RRAS is already set up with NAT to provide the private internal network with Internet access. What I would like to do is be able to RDP into the servers/computers on the VMLab.net domain from my computer. Do I need to add the Remote Desktop Services role and enable the Remote Desktop Gateway service on RRAS in order to do this or is there a way to set up port forwarding on RRAS to just allow a direct connection to the internal servers...or both? What would the best practices be here? Network Diagram http://i.stack.imgur.com/4qfnk.png

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  • perf tuning for vmfs3 on RAID

    - by maruti
    recommendations for ESX4 OS - VMFS version3: matching: RAID-5 stripe size with VMFS block size? (64K, 128K etc) enabled "adaptive read ahead, write-back" on PERC 6i 90% VMs on server are Windows (2008, 2003, Vista etc, SQL 2005 etc) i have read that smaller stipes are good for writes and larger for reads. Since this is virtual env, not sure whats good.

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  • What causes Windows 8 Consumer Preview to lock-up / freeze / hang in Oracle VM VirtualBox?

    - by Zack Peterson
    I've installed Windows 8 Consumer Preview to a virtual machine using Oracle VM VirtualBox (4.1.14). It works well except for occasional temporary lock-up / freeze / hang interruptions. It will freeze for about a minute and then resume like normal for several more minutes before freezing again. Host Windows 7 Professional 64-bit 16 GB RAM Intel Core i7 (quad core, hyper threading, virtualization) CPU Guest Windows 8 Consumer Preview 64-bit 2 GB RAM 2 CPUs How should I configure VirtualBox to run Windows 8 well?

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  • How can I clear *old* browsing data from Google Chrome Linux, while keeping more recent data?

    - by Norman Ramsey
    I can find plenty of information on how to clear Google Chrome's recent browsing data, in various periods, as well as clearing all browsing data. But I want to clear old browsing data—say for a start, anything over two months old. (I'm trying to save space on a crowded laptop.) Does anyone know any principled way to do this, or shall I just dive into ~/.config/google, start removing likely-looking files, and hope for the best. I run Google Chrome on Debian Linux.

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  • Best Free ISO Mounting Software for Windows

    - by Brett Veenstra
    What do you find as the best ISO / disk image mounting software out there? You can give a nod to $$$ alternatives, but I'm looking for the best freeware and support for DVD-size images as well. EDIT I actually use Virtual Clone Drive regularly, and would recommend that over anything else.

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  • Spaces and Parenthesis in windows PATH variable screws up batch files.

    - by NoName
    So, my path variable (System-Adv Settings-Env Vars-System-PATH) is set to: C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4\bin; %SystemRoot%\system32; %SystemRoot%; %SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem; %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\; C:\Python26\; C:\Python26\Scripts\; C:\cygwin\bin; "C:\PathWithSpaces\What_is_this_bullshit"; "C:\PathWithSpaces 1.5\What_is_this_bullshit_1.5"; "C:\PathWithSpaces (2.0)\What_is_this_bullshit_2.0"; "C:\Program Files (x86)\IronPython 2.6"; "C:\Program Files (x86)\Subversion\bin"; "C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\cmd"; "C:\Program Files (x86)\PuTTY"; "C:\Program Files (x86)\Mercurial"; Z:\droid\android-sdk-windows\tools; Although, obviously, without the newlines. Notice the lines containing PathWithSpaces - the first has no spaces, the second has a space, and the third has a space followed by a parenthesis. Now, notice the output of this batch file: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\>vcvars32.bat C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin>"C:\Program Files (x86 )\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\Tools\vsvars32.bat" Setting environment for using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 x86 tools. \What_is_this_bullshit_2.0";"C:\Program was unexpected at this time. C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin> set "PATH=C:\Pro gram Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0A\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4\ bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\ WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Python26\;C:\Python26\Scripts\;C:\cygwin\bin;"C:\Path WithSpaces\What_is_this_bullshit";"C:\PathWithSpaces 1.5\What_is_this_bullshit_1 .5";"C:\PathWithSpaces (2.0)\What_is_this_bullshit_2.0";"C:\Program Files (x86)\ IronPython 2.6";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Subversion\bin";"C:\Program Files (x86)\ Git\cmd";"C:\Program Files (x86)\PuTTY";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Mercurial";Z:\dr oid\android-sdk-windows\tools;" or specifically the line: \What_is_this_bullshit_2.0";"C:\Program was unexpected at this time. So, what is this bullshit? Specifically: Directory in path that is properly escaped with quotes, but with no spaces = fine Directory in path that is properly escaped with quotes, and has spaces but no parenthesis = fine Directory in path that is properly escaped with quotes, and has spaces and has a parenthesis = ERROR Whats going on here? How can I fix this? I'll probably resort to a junction point to let my tools still work as workaround, but if you have any insight into this, please let me know :)

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  • Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

    - by caleban
    A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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  • ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

    - by rick
    Firstly, I know that this question has been asked a million times, and I have read everything I can find and still cannot fix the problem. i am encountering this issue when ssh'ing in from my mac to my Ubuntu server on a fresh install of Ubuntu (I reinstalled because of this issue). I have SSH portmapped to 7070 because my ISP is blocking 22. On the client: bash: ssh -p 7070 -v [email protected] debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to address.org port 7070. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host Here's what I have done to try to resolve the issue: Made sure my maxstartups is ok: bash: grep MaxStartups /etc/ssh/sshd_config #MaxStartups 10:30:60 Made sure hosts.deny is clear of denials. Made sure hosts.allow has my client IP. Clear out known_hosts on client Changed ownership of /var/run to root Made sure etc/run/ssh is Made sure /var/empty exists Reinstall openssh-server Reinstall ubuntu When I run telnet localhost, I get this: telnet localhost Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused When I run /usr/sbin/sshd -t Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key When I regenerate the keys with ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key I get the same error. I am pretty sure this is the issue. Can anyone help?

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  • Private IP getting routed over Internet

    - by WernerCD
    We are setting up an internal program, on an internal server that uses the private 172.30.x.x subnet... when we ping the address 172.30.138.2, it routes across the internet: C:\>tracert 172.30.138.2 Tracing route to 172.30.138.2 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 6 ms 1 ms 1 ms xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.org [192.168.28.1] 2 * * * Request timed out. 3 12 ms 13 ms 9 ms xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xx.xxx.xxxxxxx.net [68.85.xx.xx] 4 15 ms 11 ms 55 ms te-7-3-ar01.salisbury.md.bad.comcast.net [68.87.xx.xx] 5 13 ms 14 ms 18 ms xe-11-0-3-0-ar04.capitolhghts.md.bad.comcast.net [68.85.xx.xx] 6 19 ms 18 ms 14 ms te-1-0-0-4-cr01.denver.co.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 7 28 ms 30 ms 30 ms pos-4-12-0-0-cr01.atlanta.ga.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 8 30 ms 43 ms 30 ms 68.86.xx.xx 9 30 ms 29 ms 31 ms 172.30.138.2 Trace complete. This has a number of us confused. If we had a VPN setup, it wouldn't show up as being routed across the internet. If it hit an internet server, Private IP's (such as 192.168) shouldn't get routed. What would let a private IP address get routed across servers? would the fact that it's all comcast mean that they have their routers setup wrong?

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  • BIND returns serverfail when querying for its authoriative domain

    - by estol
    Hi there Serverfault folks! First of all: sorry about the title, I had some problem coming up with the proper title. I have a little home server set up, for internet sharing, samba, basic http, dlna mediaserver and what not, and I happend to have a domain at hand, so I thought why not direct it to this computer? I have a BIND 9.8.0 installed, and - afaik - configured it properly. For a few days, the public view did not worked, and I really did not cared, since the local view worked. But now suddenly, even the local view fails. If I try to query the nameserver for anything in my domain, it returns the following error: $ nslookup andromeda.dafaces.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server Server: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 ** server can't find andromeda.dafaces.com.dafaces.com: SERVFAIL Also, the public view points to the old ip address of the domain, probably because of the same error. Some information about the system: $ uname -a Linux tressis 2.6.37-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Mar 15 09:21:17 CET 2011 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5000+ AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux $ named -v BIND 9.8.0 And the named.conf file: # cat /etc/named.conf // // /etc/named.conf // include "/etc/rndc.key"; #controls { # inet 127.0.0.1 allow {localhost; } keys { "dnskulcs"; }; #}; options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; auth-nxdomain yes; datasize default; // Uncomment these to enable IPv6 connections support // IPv4 will still work: listen-on-v6 { any; }; listen-on { any; }; // Add this for no IPv4: // listen-on { none; }; // Default security settings. // allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 192.168.1.0/24; }; // allow-recursion { any; }; allow-query { any; }; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 92.243.14.172; 87.98.164.164; 88.191.64.64; }; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; version none; hostname none; server-id none; zone-statistics yes; forwarders { 213.46.246.53; 213.26.246.54; 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; 192.188.242.65; 193.227.196.3; 2001:470:20::2; }; }; view "local" { match-clients { 192.168.1.0/24; 127.0.0.1; ::1; fec0:0:0:ffff::/64; }; recursion yes; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.rev"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; }; view "public" { match-clients { any;}; recursion no; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "external/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-transfer { 87.98.164.164; 195.234.42.1; 88.191.64.64; }; }; }; //zone "example.org" IN { // type slave; // file "example.zone"; // masters { // 192.168.1.100; // }; // allow-query { any; }; // allow-transfer { any; }; //}; logging { channel xfer-log { file "/var/log/named.log"; print-category yes; print-severity yes; print-time yes; severity info; }; category xfer-in { xfer-log; }; category xfer-out { xfer-log; }; category notify { xfer-log; }; }; All help would be highly appreciated! EDIT: Zone files: # cat /var/named/internal/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; 1 hour dafaces.com IN SOA tressis.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032201 ; serial 28800 ; refresh (8 hours) 7200 ; retry (2 hours) 2419200 ; expire (4 weeks) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) ) NS tressis.dafaces.com. A 192.168.1.1 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN _tcp.dafaces.com. _http SRV 0 5 80 www.dafaces.com. _ssh SRV 0 5 22 tressis.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. acrisius A 192.168.1.230 andromeda A 192.168.1.7 andromeda-win7 CNAME andromeda aspasia A 192.168.1.233 athena A 192.168.1.232 callisto A 192.168.1.102 db A 192.168.1.1 management A 192.168.1.1 ; web management for the router functions haley A 192.168.1.5 hoth A 192.168.1.101 mail A 192.168.1.1 satelite A 192.168.1.20 sony-player A 192.168.1.103 TXT "310f16de2d2712dfc4ae6e5c54f60f828e" torrent A 192.168.1.1 tracker A 192.168.1.1 tressis A 192.168.1.1 www A 192.168.1.1 zeus A 192.168.1.231 and # cat /var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 dafaces.com IN SOA ns.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032405; serial 28800; refresh 7200; retry 2419200; expire 3600; minimum ) NS ns.dafaces.com. NS ns0.xname.org. NS ns1.xname.org. NS ns2.xname.org. A 89.135.129.37 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. ;Szolgaltatasok _ssh._tcp SRV 0 5 22 tressis _http._tcp SRV 0 5 80 www ns A 89.135.129.37 hoth A 89.135.129.37 www A 89.135.129.37 mail A 89.135.129.37 db A 89.135.129.37 torrent A 89.135.129.37 tracker A 89.135.129.37 Edit: Ohh, hell I almost forgot. Since the node is connected to the internet via a residential connection, there is a possibility, that the public ipv4 address will change(but thank god, it is a very rare case), so I daily update the external IP address in the zone file with a shellscript: # cat /etc/cron.daily/dnsupdate #!/bin/sh FILE="/var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw" SERIAL=$(date +%Y%m%d05) PUBLIC_IP=$(ifconfig internet |sed -n "/inet addr:.*255.255.255.255/{s/.*inet addr://; s/ .*//; p}") cat $FILE | sed --posix 's/^.* serial$/\t\t\t\t\t'$SERIAL'; serial/' | sed --posix 's/[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*/'$PUBLIC_IP'/' > /tmp/ujzona mv /tmp/ujzona $FILE /etc/rc.d/named reload

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  • What's the Minimum System Spec Recommended For Developer Laptop

    - by DaveDev
    I'll be regularly running Visual Studio 2010 Professional, SQLServer Express, Office and at least 1 virtual environment running a Linux Distro. I want the machine to be snappy and responsive even when doing a reasonable amount of Development work. I want to spend what it takes for this, but I don't want to go overboard spending more than I need to. I won't be playing many games or graphics processing so i won't need a monster of a machine. Any recommendations?

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  • TCP Handshake and port numbers

    - by Guido
    (I have a question about the TCP handshake and how port numbers are assigned, if this does not belong here, let me know.) Hi, I'm studying TCP/IP from the book "Internetworking with TCP/IP" by Douglas Comer. In the TCP chapter it mentions that TCP defines an "endpoint" as a pair (IP address, port number), and a connection is defined by two endpoints. This has a few implications, such as, a local TCP port could be in several connections at once, as long as there are no two from the same IP and the same remote port. This also means that the amount of established connections is almost limitless (2^16 for every IPv4 address. 2^48 in total). Now, in class, I was told that when one connects to a listening port, both sides agree on a different port to use, so the communication can happen and the listener socket remains free. This was also my belief before reading the book. Now I feel like I should obviously trust the book (It's Comer!), but is there any truth to the other explanation? Thanks

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  • DNS propagation delay or bad configuration?

    - by Javier Martinez
    I have been waiting the DNS propagation for almost 24 hours. I'am no impatient, but I want to know if I configured my zone good or I have any error in it. I think that is good, because if I use my server dns like my DNS secondary I can resolve and lookup host well. ; ; BIND data file for mydomain.net ; $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA mydomain.net. mydomain.net. ( 20120629 ; Serial 10800 ; Refresh 3 hours 3600 ; Retry 1 hour 604800 ; Expire 1 week 86400 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1 @ IN NS ns2 IN MX 10 mail ns1 IN A 5.39.X.Y ns2 IN A 5.39.X.Z There is not any errors in /var/syslog about bind daemon. Is everything correct? Do I only need to wait up to 48 hours for the right DNS propagation? My nslookup from a remote machine with the nameserver of the bind host: $ nslookup mydomain.net Server: bind-host-ip Address: bind-host-ip#53 Name: mydomain.net Address: domain-ip

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  • Network Load Balancing and AnyCast Routing

    - by user126917
    Hi All can anyone advise on problems with the following? I am planning on installing the following setup on my estate: I have 2 sites that both have a large amount of users. Goals are to keep things simple for the users and to have automatic failover above the database level. Our Database will exist at the primary site and be async mirrored to the secondary site with manual failover procedures.The database generate sequential ID's so distributing it is not an option. I plan to site IIS boxes at both sites with all of the business logic on them and heavy operations. The connections to SQL will be lightweight and DB reads will be cached on IIS. On this layer I plan to use Windows network load balancing and have the same IP or IPs across all IIS boxes at both sites. This way there will be automatic failover and no single point of failure. Also users can have one web address regardless of which site they are in automatically be network load balanced to their local IIS. This is great but obviously our two sites are on different subnets and as this will be one IP address with most of our traffic we can't go broadcasting everything across the link between the sites. To solve this problem we plan to use AnyCast routing over our network layer to route the traffic to the most local box that is listening which will be defined by the network load balancing. Has anyone used this setup before? Can anyone think of any issues with this? Also some specifics I can't find anywhere at the moment. If my Windows box is assigned an IP and listening on that IP but network load balancing is not accepting specific traffic then will AnyCast route away from that? Also can I AnyCast on a socket level?

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  • Can't seem to stop Postfix backscatter

    - by Ian
    I've just migrated to a Postfix system and can't seem to stop the backscatter messages to unknown addresses on the site. I have a file, validrcpt, that lists all the valid emails on the site - about eight of them. Yet when a message is sent to a non-existent address, instead of just dropping it, postfix is replying with a "Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table" email. Do I have something set wrong? I've read http://www.postfix.org/BACKSCATTER_README.html but unless I'm caffeine deficient, I don't see what's happening and perhaps I'm just to used to my old qmail setup. Here's postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 local_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/validrcpt mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = localhost myhostname = localhost mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s readme_directory = no recipient_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_bcc recipient_delimiter = + relay_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org,check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023 smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = digitalhit.com virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:5000

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  • Kickstart: Serve dynamic kickstart images via a CGI or PHP script?

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    I'd like to kickstart a couple dozen RHEL6/SL6 servers. However, some of these servers are different and I don't want to create a new ks.cfg file for each class of server. Are there any products which can generate a Kickstart file dynamically on the fly, from a template? For example, if I append a line like this to the KERNEL: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi Then the script ks.cgi can determine what host this is (Via the MAC address), and print out Kickstart options which are appropriate for that host. I could optionally override some options by passing parameters to the script, like this: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi?NODETYPE=production&IP=192.168.2.80 After we kickstart the server, we activate Cfengine/Puppet on this system and manage the system using our favorite Configuration Management product. We're experimenting with xCAT but it is proving too cumbersome. I've looked into Cobbler, but I'm not sure it does this. Update: A roll-your-own solution is discussed in the O'Reilly book: Managing RPM-Based Systems with Kickstart and Yum, Chapter 3. Customizing Your Kickstart Install Dynamic ks.cfg, which echos some of the comments in this thread: To implement such a tool is beyond the scope of this Short Cut, but I can walk through the high-level design. Any such solution would mix a data store (the things that change) with a templating solution (the things that don’t change). The data store would hold the per-machine data, such as the IP address and hostname. You would also need a unique identifier, perhaps the hostname, such that you could pick up a given machine’s data. The data store could be a flat file, XML data, or a relational database such as PostgreSQL or MySQL. In turn, to invoke the system, you pass a machine’s unique identifier as a URL parameter. For example: boot: linux ks=http://your.kickstart.server/gen_config?host-server25 In this example, the CGI (or servlet, or whatever) generates a ks.cfg for the machine server25. But where, oh where, is the code for ks.cgi?

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