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• Permissions restoring from Time Machine - Finder copy vs "cp" copy

  - by Ben Challenor

  Note: this question was starting to sprawl so I rewrote it. I have a folder that I'm trying to restore from a Time Machine backup. Using cp -R works fine, but certain folders cannot be restored with either the Time Machine UI or Finder. Other users have reported similar errors and the cp -R workaround was suggested (e.g. Restoring from Time Machine - Permissions Error). But I wanted to understand: Why cp -R works when the Finder and the Time Machine UI do not. Whether I could prevent the errors by changing file permissions before the backup. There do indeed seem to be some permissions that Finder works with and some that it does not. I've narrowed the errors down to folders with the user ben (that's me) and the group wheel. Here's a simplified reproduction. I have four folders with the owner/group combinations I've seen so far: ben ~/Desktop/test $ ls -lea total 16 drwxr-xr-x 7 ben staff 238 27 Nov 14:31 . drwx------+ 17 ben staff 578 27 Nov 14:29 .. 0: group:everyone deny delete -rw-r--r--@ 1 ben staff 6148 27 Nov 14:31 .DS_Store drwxr-xr-x 3 ben staff 102 27 Nov 14:30 ben-staff drwxr-xr-x 3 ben wheel 102 27 Nov 14:30 ben-wheel drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 27 Nov 14:31 root-admin drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 27 Nov 14:31 root-wheel Each contains a single file called file with the same owner/group: ben ~/Desktop/test $ cd ben-staff ben ~/Desktop/test/ben-staff $ ls -lea total 0 drwxr-xr-x 3 ben staff 102 27 Nov 14:30 . drwxr-xr-x 7 ben staff 238 27 Nov 14:31 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 ben staff 0 27 Nov 14:30 file In the backup, they look like this: ben /Volumes/Deimos/Backups.backupdb/Ben’s MacBook Air/Latest/Macintosh HD/Users/ben/Desktop/test $ ls -leA total 16 -rw-r--r--@ 1 ben staff 6148 27 Nov 14:34 .DS_Store 0: group:everyone deny write,delete,append,writeattr,writeextattr,chown drwxr-xr-x@ 3 ben staff 102 27 Nov 14:51 ben-staff 0: group:everyone deny add_file,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,writeattr,writeextattr,chown drwxr-xr-x@ 3 ben wheel 102 27 Nov 14:51 ben-wheel 0: group:everyone deny add_file,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,writeattr,writeextattr,chown drwxr-xr-x@ 3 root admin 102 27 Nov 14:52 root-admin 0: group:everyone deny add_file,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,writeattr,writeextattr,chown drwxr-xr-x@ 3 root wheel 102 27 Nov 14:52 root-wheel 0: group:everyone deny add_file,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,writeattr,writeextattr,chown Of these, ben-staff can be restored with Finder without errors. root-wheel and root-admin ask for my password and then restore without errors. But ben-wheel does not prompt for my password and gives the error: The operation can’t be completed because you don’t have permission to access “file”. Interestingly, I can restore the file from this folder by dragging it directly to my local drive (instead of dragging its parent folder), but when I do so its permissions are changed to ben/staff. Here are the permissions after the restore for the three folders that worked correctly, and the file from ben-wheel that was changed to ben/staff. ben ~/Desktop/test-restore $ ls -leA total 16 -rw-r--r--@ 1 ben staff 6148 27 Nov 14:46 .DS_Store drwxr-xr-x 3 ben staff 102 27 Nov 14:30 ben-staff -rw-r--r-- 1 ben staff 0 27 Nov 14:30 file drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 27 Nov 14:31 root-admin drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 27 Nov 14:31 root-wheel Can anyone explain this behaviour? Why do Finder and the Time Machine UI break with the ben / wheel permissions? And why does cp -R work (even without sudo)?

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• broadcom 5722 NIC not installed on Ubuntu Server, although driver present

  - by Bastien

  Hello, I just installed Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS, running kernel 2.6.32-24-server, on a brand new Dell T110 server, supposedly fully compatible with Ubuntu Server. I have two NICs: one ONBOARD, the other additional on PCI. both of them are Broadcom netXtreme 5572. on the first boot of the system, I could see both cards as eth0 and eth1 (with ifconfig) I configured eth0 as static IP (as planned), and did not configure eth1. after rebooting, one of the two NICs "disappeared": it does not appear in ifconfig at all. the one that disappeared is the ONBOARD one. I investigated a bit and found the following things: the card is SEEN, but not "installed", it appears as "UNCLAIMED" in lshw: *-network UNCLAIMED description: Ethernet controller product: NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:df9f0000-df9fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 00 serial: 00:10:18:60:23:64 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.102 duplex=full firmware=5722-v3.09 ip=10.129.167.25 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s resources: irq:35 memory:dfaf0000-dfafffff so I checked my dmesg and found a few strange lines, showing, there actually is a problem bringing up this card: [ 3.737506] tg3: Could not obtain valid ethernet address, aborting. [ 3.737527] tg3 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 3.737535] tg3: probe of 0000:04:00.0 failed with error -22 [ 3.737553] alloc irq_desc for 17 on node -1 [ 3.737555] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1 [ 3.737560] tg3 0000:05:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 3.737566] tg3 0000:05:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.793529] eth0: Tigon3 [partno(BCM95722A2202G) rev a200] (PCI Express) MAC address 00:10:18:60:23:64 [ 3.793532] eth0: attached PHY is 5722/5756 (10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet) (WireSpeed[1]) [ 3.793534] eth0: RXcsums[1] LinkChgREG[0] MIirq[0] ASF[0] TSOcap[1] [ 3.793536] eth0: dma_rwctrl[76180000] dma_mask[64-bit] that actually shows that one NIC is recognized, the other is not. I researched a bit more, with lspci -v: 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 16 Memory at df9f0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: [48] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [50] Vital Product Data <?> Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-fe-ff-00-00-00 Kernel modules: tg3 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 35 Memory at dfaf0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Expansion ROM at <ignored> [disabled] Capabilities: [48] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [50] Vital Product Data <?> Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable+ Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 64-23-60-fe-ff-18-10-00 Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: tg3 Kernel modules: tg3 here I could see that the MAC address is 00-00-00-FE-FF-00-00-00, which, according to some forum posts on several websites, could be an issue. I've researched everything I could on the net, and found out several people having slightly comparable issues, but they usually involve different HW, and do not provide a proper explanation / solution... I would appreciate if anyone around here has some info to share ! thanks

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• Integrating HP Systems Insight Manager into an existing environment

  - by ewwhite

  I'm working with an environment that spans multiple data centers/sites and consists primarily of HP ProLiant servers (G5-G7) running Linux. The mix is 30% RHEL/CentOS, the rest are Gentoo :(. I also have a few dozen virtual machines running back-office and Windows servers on VMWare ESX hosts. I run OpenNMS to pull SNMP data from the various server nodes and networking devices. While OpenNMS works wonderfully for up/down, thresholds and notifications, it's native handling of traps is a little rough and the graphs are not particularly pretty. I use Orca/RRD graphs for performance trending and nice graphs. I'm tasked with inventorying the environment and wanted to come up with a clean way to organize server information. Since my environment is mostly HP, I've been playing with HP Systems Insight Manager as a way to extract server data and to deploy HP health/monitoring packages and firmware. The Gentoo systems eventually have to be converted to CentOS, so getting a quick assessment of what hardware is where would be great. Although I've read through a few hundred pages of HP manuals, I'm having a difficult time understanding how to get HP SIM to do what I want, though. My main problems are: I have about 40 subnets to deal with; 98% connected with private lines to facilities across the globe. I don't want to initiate an HP SIM discovery only to pull back every piece of intermediate networking hardware and equipment from all of the locations. I'd like this to focus on the servers. I have OpenNMS configured to accept traps. I don't want HP SIM to duplicate that effort. It seems like the built-in software deployment tool wants to overwrite the trapsink parameters for the systems it encounters during discovery. I have about 10 administrative username/password combinations in use across this infrastructure. Is there a more efficient way to get HP SIM to do the discovery or break discovery into manageable chunks? In terms of general workflow, do people typically install the HP Management Agents during the initial OS deployment (e.g. kickstart post script) or afterwards from HP SIM? Is HP SIM too thick/fat to be an inventory tool? I can't tell if it's meant to be used standalone or alongside other monitoring products. Since the majority of the systems I'm trying to track are those running Gentoo (in order to plan the move to CentOS), is there any way for HP SIM to extract system model information from them ( like dmidecode)? I have systems here where I may have an SSH key established, but not direct user or login access. Is there a way for me to import an SSH private/public key pair into HP SIM to reach out to the servers that can't accept standard credentials? There are a handful of sites where I have inconsistent access or have a double-NAT situation. I may be able to poke a server, but it may not be able to find its way back to the management system. Is there a workaround for this? The certificate configuration for HP SIM seems complicated. What is the preferred setup for trust between systems? I'd also appreciate any notes or recommendations to using this product. Or if there's a better way to do this, I'd like to know.

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• iptables DNS resolution

  - by Favolas

  I have a virtual machine with Fedora 19 acting as a router. This machine as an interface (p8p1) with the IP 172.16.1.254 that is connected to another machine (IP 172.16.1.1) that's simulating the external network. I've installed snort 2.9.2.2, applied the snortsam-2.9.2.2.diff.gz patch and installed snortsam 2.70 on the routermachine In snort.conf besides altering some RULE_PATH I believe I've only added the following line to the file. output alert_fwsam: 127.0.0.1:898/password After doing this two comands: ifconfig p8p1 promisc /usr/local/snort/bin/snort -v -i p8p1 If I ping from the external network to the router IP, I can see the info about the pings. One of the rules that I have is icmp-info.rules that as this single line: alert icmp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP-INFO Echo Reply"; icode:0; itype:0; classtype:misc-activity; sid:408; rev:6;fwsam: src, 5 minutes;) snortsam.conf as this data: defaultkey password accept localhost keyinterval 30 minutes dontblock 192.168.1.1 # rede local rollbackhosts 50 rollbackthreshold 20 / 30 secs rollbacksleeptime 1 minute logfile /var/log/snort/snortsam.log loglevel 3 daemon nothreads # linha importante para gerar os bloqueios via iptables iptables p8p1 LOG bindip 127.0.0.1 Now I run this command: /usr/local/snort/bin/snort -u snort -i p8p1 -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -l /var/log/snort -Dq Terminal gives this message: Spawning daemon child... My daemon child 2080 lives... Daemon parent exiting (0) and when I runsnortsam in terminal i got this: SnortSam, v 2.70. Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Frank Knobbe . All rights reserved. Plugin 'fwsam': v 2.5, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'fwexec': v 2.7, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'pix': v 2.9, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'ciscoacl': v 2.12, by Ali Basel <[email protected]> Plugin 'cisconullroute': v 2.5, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'cisconullroute2': v 2.2, by Wouter de Jong <[email protected]> Plugin 'netscreen': v 2.10, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'ipchains': v 2.8, by Hector A. Paterno <[email protected]> Plugin 'iptables': v 2.9, by Fabrizio Tivano <[email protected]>, Luis Marichal <[email protected]> Plugin 'ebtables': v 2.4, by Bruno Scatolin <[email protected]> Plugin 'watchguard': v 2.7, by Thomas Maier <[email protected]> Plugin 'email': v 2.12, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'email-blocks-only': v 2.12, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'snmpinterfacedown': v 2.3, by Ali BASEL <[email protected]> Plugin 'forward': v 2.8, by Frank Knobbe Parsing config file /etc/snortsam.conf... Linking plugin 'iptables'... Checking for existing state file "/var/db/snortsam.state". Found. Reading state file. Starting to listen for Snort alerts. and snortsam.log as an entry like this 2013/10/25, 10:15:17, -, 1, snortsam, Starting to listen for Snort alerts. Now, from the external machine I do ping 172.16.1.254 and it starts showing the info and an alert file is created in /var/log/snort/ that as the info about the PINGS. Something like: [**] [1:408:6] ICMP-INFO Echo Reply [**] [Classification: Misc activity] [Priority: 3] 10/25-10:35:16.061319 172.16.1.254 -> 172.16.1.1 ICMP TTL:64 TOS:0x0 ID:38720 IpLen:20 DgmLen:84 Type:0 Code:0 ID:1389 Seq:1 ECHO REPLY Also, if I run instead /usr/local/snort/bin/snort snort -v -i p8p1 i got this message: Running in packet dump mode --== Initializing Snort ==-- Initializing Output Plugins! Snort BPF option: snort pcap DAQ configured to passive. The DAQ version does not support reload. Acquiring network traffic from "p8p1". ERROR: Can't set DAQ BPF filter to 'snort' (pcap_daq_set_filter: pcap_compile: syntax error)! Fatal Error, Quitting.. So, this are my questions: Shouldn't snortsam block the PING? Is that DAQ error causing the problem? If so, How can I solve it?

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• Troubleshooting PHP email sending?

  - by darkAsPitch

  I created a website that occasionally emails users when they register/change their password/etc. Every other person however cannot or does not receive the emails. They are telling me that they are not even hitting their spam folders. I don't know a ton about MX records or email sending, but when I "Edit DNS Zone" for this domain in particular there is 1 MX record listed there. How do you go about troubleshooting botched PHP mail actions? UPDATE: Here is my super-simple php mailing code: $subject = "Subject Here"; $message = "Emails Message"; $to = $verified_user_data["email_address"]; $headers = "From: [email protected]\r\n" . "Reply-To: [email protected]\r\n" . "X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion(); //returns true on success, false on failure $email_result = mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); re: "are you saying that some do and some do not?" @ Jacob Yes, basically. I send the emails containing the user's login username/password using similar code above. And I sell to fairly tech-savvy people. About 50% of the time, my customers claim they cannot find their welcome emails in their inbox OR in their spam box. It's as if it never arrived. I have the largest problem with Yahoo email addresses accepting my emails or so it seems. re: "The MX record at your end doesn't factor in, although the SPF record (or lack of it) will. How much access and control do you have on the server itself?" @ John Gardeniers I rent a dedicated server from Codero. Running CentOS 5, WHM + cPanel. I have full root access to the entire thing. Don't know much about MX records and/or SPF records. I just want the PHP mail function to work. It doesn't say much about that on the php mail function's help page. re: "What are you using for the SMTP server?" @ JonLim No idea. I use the code above when I need to fire off an email to a loyal customer, and that's it. Do I need to be worrying about SMTP servers? re: "Could be many, many things. Can you describe how you're sending mail in your code? i.e. are you relaying off of another mail server somewhere, using the local sendmail or postfix? Any consistency in domains that can/cannot receive email? Do you have a PTR record setup from the IP address that you're sending mail out as? What about SPF records?" @ gravyface I just described my simple code above! I believe I have been having the most trouble with Yahoo domains, however "independent" domains (probably running spamassasin) ex. [email protected] as opposed to [email protected] seem to give a lot of trouble as well. I do not know if I have a PTR record setup from the IP address I'm sending my mail from. It's probably the same IP address that I setup my domain on, because I didn't do anything extra special. No idea about SPF records either, where can I go to create one? Side Note: It's a crying shame what havoc the spammers have brought upon our beloved email system.

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• Windows 2008 Unknown Disks

  - by Ailbe

  I have a BL460c G7 blade server with OS Windows 2008 R2 SP1. This is a brand new C7000 enclosure, with FlexFabric interconnects. I got my FC switches setup and zoned properly to our Clariion CX4, and can see all the hosts that are assigned FCoE HBAs on both paths in both Navisphere and in HP Virtual Connect Manager. So I went ahead and created a storage group for a test server, assigned the appropriate host, assigned the LUN to the server. So far so good, log onto server and I can see 4 unknown disks.... No problem, I install MS MPIO, no luck, can't initialize the disks, and the multiple disks don't go away. Still no problem, I install PowerPath version 5.5 reboot. Now I see 3 disks. One is initialized and ready to go, but I still have 2 disks that I can't initialize, can't offline, can't delete. If I right click in storage manager and go to properties I can see that the MS MPIO tab, but I can't make a path active. I want to get rid of these phantom disks, but so far nothing is working and google searches are showing up some odd results, so obviously I'm not framing my question right. I thought I'd ask here real quick. Does anyone know a quick way to get rid of these unknown disks. Another question, do I need the MPIO feature installed if I have PowerPath installed? This is my first time installing Windows 2008 R2 in this fashion and I'm not sure if that feature is needed or not right now. So some more information to add to this. It seems I'm dealing with more of a Windows issue than anything else. I removed the LUN from the server, uninstalled PowerPath completely, removed the MPIO feature from the server, and rebooted twice. Now I am back to the original 4 Unknown Disks (plus the local Disk 0 containing the OS partition of course, which is working fine) I went to diskpart, I could see all 4 Unknown disks, I selected each disk, ran clean (just in case i'd somehow brought them online previously as GPT and didn't realize it) After a few minutes I was no longer able to see the disks when I ran list disk. However, the disks are still in Disk Management. When I try and offline the disks from Disk Management I get an error: Virtual Disk Manager - The system cannot find the file specified. Accompanied by an error in System Event Logs: Log Name: System Source: Virtual Disk Service Date: 6/25/2012 4:02:01 PM Event ID: 1 Task Category: None Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: hostname.local Description: Unexpected failure. Error code: 2@02000018 Event Xml: 1 2 0 0x80000000000000 4239 System hostname.local 2@02000018 I feel sure there is a place I can go in the Registry to get rid of these, I just can't recall where and I am loathe to experiement. So to recap, there are currently no LUNS attached at all, I still have the phantom disks, and I'm getting The system cannot find the file specified from Virtual Disk Manager when I try to take them offline. Thanks!

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• Cisco ASA 5505 site to site IPSEC VPN won't route from multiple LANs

  - by franklundy

  Hi I've set up a standard site to site VPN between 2 ASA 5505s (using the wizard in ASDM) and have the VPN working fine for traffic between Site A and Site B on the directly connected LANs. But this VPN is actually to be used for data originating on LAN subnets that are one hop away from the directly connected LANs. So actually there is another router connected to each ASA (LAN side) that then route to two completely different LAN ranges, where the clients and servers reside. At the moment, any traffic that gets to the ASA that has not originated from the directly connected LAN gets sent straight to the default gateway, and not through the VPN. I've tried adding the additional subnets to the "Protected Networks" on the VPN, but that has no effect. I have also tried adding a static route to each ASA trying to point the traffic to the other side, but again this hasn't worked. Here is the config for one of the sites. This works for traffic to/from the 192.168.144.x subnets perfectly. What I need is to be able to route traffic from 10.1.0.0/24 to 10.2.0.0/24 for example. ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname Site1 enable password ** encrypted names name 192.168.144.4 Site2 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.144.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.78.254.70 255.255.255.252 (this is a private WAN circuit) ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! passwd ** encrypted ftp mode passive access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_1_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-603.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.78.254.69 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 1 match address outside_1_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 1 set pfs crypto map outside_map 1 set peer 10.78.254.66 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 no crypto isakmp nat-traversal telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-idle-timeout none username enadmin password * encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! prompt hostname context

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• Recommendations for distributed processing/distributed storage systems

  - by Eddie

  At my organization we have a processing and storage system spread across two dozen linux machines that handles over a petabyte of data. The system right now is very ad-hoc; processing automation and data management is handled by a collection of large perl programs on independent machines. I am looking at distributed processing and storage systems to make it easier to maintain, evenly distribute load and data with replication, and grow in disk space and compute power. The system needs to be able to handle millions of files, varying in size between 50 megabytes to 50 gigabytes. Once created, the files will not be appended to, only replaced completely if need be. The files need to be accessible via HTTP for customer download. Right now, processing is automated by perl scripts (that I have complete control over) which call a series of other programs (that I don't have control over because they are closed source) that essentially transforms one data set into another. No data mining happening here. Here is a quick list of things I am looking for: Reliability: These data must be accessible over HTTP about 99% of the time so I need something that does data replication across the cluster. Scalability: I want to be able to add more processing power and storage easily and rebalance the data on across the cluster. Distributed processing: Easy and automatic job scheduling and load balancing that fits with processing workflow I briefly described above. Data location awareness: Not strictly required but desirable. Since data and processing will be on the same set of nodes I would like the job scheduler to schedule jobs on or close to the node that the data is actually on to cut down on network traffic. Here is what I've looked at so far: Storage Management: GlusterFS: Looks really nice and easy to use but doesn't seem to have a way to figure out what node(s) a file actually resides on to supply as a hint to the job scheduler. GPFS: Seems like the gold standard of clustered filesystems. Meets most of my requirements except, like glusterfs, data location awareness. Ceph: Seems way to immature right now. Distributed processing: Sun Grid Engine: I have a lot of experience with this and it's relatively easy to use (once it is configured properly that is). But Oracle got its icy grip around it and it no longer seems very desirable. Both: Hadoop/HDFS: At first glance it looked like hadoop was perfect for my situation. Distributed storage and job scheduling and it was the only thing I found that would give me the data location awareness that I wanted. But I don't like the namename being a single point of failure. Also, I'm not really sure if the MapReduce paradigm fits the type of processing workflow that I have. It seems like you need to write all your software specifically for MapReduce instead of just using Hadoop as a generic job scheduler. OpenStack: I've done some reading on this but I'm having trouble deciding if it fits well with my problem or not. Does anyone have opinions or recommendations for technologies that would fit my problem well? Any suggestions or advise would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Linux bcm43224 wifi adapter slows down a couple minutes after boot

  - by Blubber

  I just installed Ubuntu on my mid 2012 MacBook Air. Everything worked out of the box, but the wifi is showing some weird behavior. When I first login it's really fast, loading google.com is near instant, and browsing in general feels at least as smooth as it did on Mac OS. However, after a couple minutes the connection slows down dramatically, sometimes it takes over 5s to load google.com, a simple reboot fixes the problem for another couple minutes. Specs: Wifi: 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) Driver: open-source brcmsmac driver Kernel: Linux wega 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distro: Ubuntu 13.04 (uptodate) I tried a number of things, none of which actually helped Use proprietary sta driver from broadcom Installed firmware into /lib/firmware/brcms (which, as far as I can tell from logs, does not get loaded at all) Switch router to only use 2.4 OR 5 GHz Set router to only use a OR g OR n Set router to use AES encryption only Turned off power management on the adapter Set regulatory region to the correct value (NL) on both router and laptop Disable ipv6 Nothing seems to help, the slowdown always occurs. I did notice that the latency (ping google.com) stays roughly the same (around 9ms). Below is some more information that might be of use. $ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4353] (rev 01) Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device [106b:00e9] Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge $ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no $ lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22820 1 arc4 12615 2 brcmsmac 550698 0 coretemp 13355 0 kvm_intel 132891 0 parport_pc 28152 0 kvm 443165 1 kvm_intel ppdev 17073 0 cordic 12574 1 brcmsmac brcmutil 14755 1 brcmsmac mac80211 606457 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 510937 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 bnep 18036 2 rfcomm 42641 12 joydev 17377 0 applesmc 19353 0 input_polldev 13896 1 applesmc snd_hda_codec_hdmi 36913 1 microcode 22881 0 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 23829 1 nls_iso8859_1 12713 1 uvcvideo 80847 0 btusb 22474 0 snd_hda_intel 39619 3 videobuf2_vmalloc 13056 1 uvcvideo snd_hda_codec 136453 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus bcm5974 17347 0 bluetooth 228619 22 bnep,btusb,rfcomm snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec lpc_ich 17061 0 videobuf2_memops 13202 1 videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_core 40513 1 uvcvideo videodev 129260 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core bcma 41051 1 brcmsmac snd_pcm 97451 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30180 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61554 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29425 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 68876 16 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_cirrus mei 41158 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd apple_bl 13673 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 46345 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc usb_storage 57204 0 hid_apple 13237 0 hid_generic 12540 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55399 399 aes_x86_64 17255 1 aesni_intel xts 12885 1 aesni_intel lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 2 lrw,xts ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20373 4 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper i915 600351 3 ahci 25731 3 libahci 31364 1 ahci video 19390 1 i915 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 49394 1 i915 usbhid 47074 0 drm 286313 4 i915,drm_kms_helper hid 101002 3 hid_generic,usbhid,hid_apple $ dmesg | egrep 'b43|bcma|brcm|[F]irm' [ 0.055025] [Firmware Bug]: ioapic 2 has no mapping iommu, interrupt remapping will be disabled [ 0.152336] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 2.187681] pci_root PNP0A08:00: [Firmware Info]: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-99] only partially covers this bridge [ 12.553600] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 12.553657] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 0xA8D8, rev 0x01 and package 0x08 [ 12.553688] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x22, class 0x0) [ 12.553715] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x17, class 0x0) [ 12.553764] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x0F, class 0x0) [ 12.605777] bcma: bus0: Bus registered [ 12.852925] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 23 class 0 irq 17 [ 13.085176] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) [ 13.085186] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) [ 20.862617] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated [ 20.862622] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement) [ 20.862625] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement) [ 20.897957] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement) $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"wlan" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.22 GHz Access Point: E0:46:9A:4E:63:9A Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=17 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=63/70 Signal level=-47 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:13 Invalid misc:56 Missed beacon:0

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• Facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iphone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server

  - by Kushagra Bhatnagar

  I am facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iPhone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server. The Strongswan server is running on Ubuntu Linux, which is connected to some wifi hotspot. This is the guide which was used. I generated CA, server and client certificate, with the only difference mentioned below. “While generating server certificate, as per link CN=vpn.strongswan.org instead of this I changed CN name to CN=192.168.43.212.” Once certificates are generated, following (clientCert.p12 and caCert.pem) are sent to mobile via mail and installed on iphone. After installation I notice that certificates are considered as trusted also. Below are the ip addresses assigned to various interfaces Linux server wlan0 interface ip where server is running: 192.168.43.212 Iphone eth0 interface ip address: 192.168.43.72. iphone is also attached with the same wifi hotspot. Below is the snapshot of client configurations. Description Strong swan Server 192.168.43.212 Account ipsecvpn Password ***** Use certificate ON Certificate client The above username and password are in sync with the ipsec.secrets file. I am using the following ipsec.conf configuration: # basic configuration config setup plutodebug=all # crlcheckinterval=600 # strictcrlpolicy=yes # cachecrls=yes nat_traversal=yes # charonstart=yes plutostart=yes # Add connections here. # Sample VPN connections conn ios1 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=xauthrsasig xauth=server left=%defaultroute leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 leftfirewall=yes leftcert=serverCert.pem right=192.168.43.72 rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 rightcert=clientCert.pem pfs=no auto=add With the above configurations when I enable VPN on iphone, it says Could not able to verify server certificate. I ran Wireshark on a Linux server and observe that initially some ISAKMP message exchanges happens between client and server, which are successful but before authorization, client is sending some informational message and soon after this client is showing error as popup Could not able to verify server certificate. Capture logs on Strongswan server and in server logs below errors are observed: From auth.log Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ISAKMP version: ISAKMP Version 1.0 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | exchange type: ISAKMP_XCHG_INFO Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | flags: ISAKMP_FLAG_ENCRYPTION Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | message ID: 9d 1a ea 4d Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | length: 76 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ICOOKIE: f6 b7 06 b2 b1 84 5b 93 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | RCOOKIE: 86 92 a0 c2 a6 2f ac be Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | peer: c0 a8 2b 48 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state hash entry 8 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state object not found Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: **packet from 192.168.43.72:500: Informational Exchange is for an unknown (expired?) SA** Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 8 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | *time to handle event Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | event after this is EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | handling event EVENT_RETRANSMIT for 192.168.43.72 "ios1" #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | sending 76 bytes for EVENT_RETRANSMIT through wlan0 to 192.168.43.72:500: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | a6 a5 86 41 4b fb ff 99 c9 18 34 61 01 7b f1 d9 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 08 10 06 01 e9 1c ea 60 00 00 00 4c ba 7d c8 08 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 13 47 95 18 19 31 45 30 2e 22 f9 4d 85 2c 27 bc Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 9e 9b e1 ae 1e 35 51 6f ab 80 f5 73 3c 15 8d 20 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 4b 46 47 86 50 24 3f 13 15 7d d5 17 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | inserting event EVENT_RETRANSMIT, timeout in 40 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds for #10 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | rejected packet: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | control: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 6f 00 00 00 02 03 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 00 00 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | name: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 01 f4 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: **ERROR: asynchronous network error report on wlan0 for message to 192.168.43.72 port 500, complainant 192.168.43.72: Connection refused [errno 111, origin ICMP type 3 code 3 (not authenticated)]** Anybody please provide some update about this error and how to solve this issue.

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• unable to sniff traffic despite network interface being in monitor or promiscuous mode

  - by user65126

  I'm trying to sniff out my network's wireless traffic but am having issues. I'm able to put the card in monitor mode, but am unable to see any traffic except broadcasts, multicasts and probe/beacon frames. I have two network interfaces on this laptop. One is connected normally to 'linksys' and the other is in monitor mode. The interface in monitor mode is on the right channel. I'm not associated with the access point because, as I understand, I don't need to if using monitor mode (vs promiscuous). When I try to ping the router ip, I'm not seeing that traffic show up in wireshark. Here's my ifconfig settings: daniel@seasonBlack:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1f:29:9e:b2:89 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8518 (8.5 KB) TX bytes:8518 (8.5 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:00:34:f7:f4 inet addr:192.168.1.116 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:ff:fe34:f7f4/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9758 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4869 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3291516 (3.2 MB) TX bytes:677386 (677.3 KB) wlan1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-02-72-7B-92-53-33-34-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS PROMISC ALLMULTI MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:112754 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:101 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:18569124 (18.5 MB) TX bytes:12874 (12.8 KB) wmaster0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-21-00-34-F7-F4-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wmaster1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-02-72-7B-92-53-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Here's my iwconfig settings: daniel@seasonBlack:~$ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wmaster0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"linksys" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:18:F8:D6:17:34 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=27 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=68/70 Signal level=-42 dBm Noise level=-69 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 wmaster1 no wireless extensions. wlan1 IEEE 802.11bg Mode:Monitor Frequency:2.437 GHz Tx-Power=27 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 Here's how I know I'm on the right channel: daniel@seasonBlack:~$ iwlist channel lo no frequency information. eth0 no frequency information. wmaster0 no frequency information. wlan0 11 channels in total; available frequencies : Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz Current Frequency=2.437 GHz (Channel 6) wmaster1 no frequency information. wlan1 11 channels in total; available frequencies : Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz Current Frequency=2.437 GHz (Channel 6)

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• Configuring Wireless on Cisco 851W

  - by Aequitarum Custos

  Either a powersurge or something caused our router's configuration to get wiped, and our last backup was before the wireless network was setup. We have not been able to reconfigure the wireless since then, so was curious if anyone here would be able to determine what configuration is needed. We are using a Cisco 851W running 12.4(15)T9 We would like to use WPA encryption, and have it on the same network as the rest of the office network. Config file is below: User Access Verification Building configuration... Current configuration : 3857 bytes ! version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption no service dhcp ! hostname BOB ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! enable secret 5 ********************* ! no aaa new-model ! ! dot11 syslog no ip source-route ! ! ip cef no ip bootp server ip domain name BOB.com ip name-server 61.11.1.1 ip name-server 61.11.1.2 ! ! ! username BOBB privilege 15 password 7 ************************* ! ! archive log config hidekeys ! ! ip tcp synwait-time 10 ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet1 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet2 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet3 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet4 description WAN Connection$ETH-WAN$ ip address 61.11.1.14 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address shutdown ! encryption mode ciphers tkip speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no cdp enable bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding ! interface Dot11Radio0.20 ip access-group Guest-ACL in no cdp enable ! interface Vlan1 description Internal Network ip address 192.168.2.60 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip nat enable ip virtual-reassembly ! ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 61.11.2.14 ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip nat inside source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ! ip access-list extended Guest-ACL deny ip any 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 permit ip any any ! access-list 1 permit 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark SDM_ACL Category=2 access-list 100 permit ip 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any no cdp run ! control-plane ! !

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• Troubleshooting sudoers via ldap

  - by dafydd

  The good news is that I got sudoers via ldap working on Red Hat Directory Server. The package is sudo-1.7.2p1. I have some LDAP/Kerberos users in an LDAP group called wheel, and I have this entry in LDAP: # %wheel, SUDOers, example.com dn: cn=%wheel,ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com cn: %wheel description: Members of group wheel have access to all privileges. objectClass: sudoRole objectClass: top sudoCommand: ALL sudoHost: ALL sudoUser: %wheel So, members of group wheel have administrative privileges via sudo. This has been tested and works fine. Now, I have this other sudo privilege set up to allow members of a group called Administrators to perform two commands as the non-root owner of those commands. # %Administrators, SUDOers, example.com dn: cn=%Administrators,ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com sudoRunAsGroup: appGroup sudoRunAsUser: appOwner cn: %Administrators description: Allow members of the group Administrators to run various commands . objectClass: sudoRole objectClass: top sudoCommand: appStop sudoCommand: appStart sudoCommand: /path/to/appStop sudoCommand: /path/to/appStart sudoUser: %Administrators Unfortunately, members of Administrators are still refused permission to run appStart or appStop: -bash-3.2$ sudo /path/to/appStop [sudo] password for Aaron: Sorry, user Aaron is not allowed to execute '/path/to/appStop' as root on host.example.com. -bash-3.2$ sudo -u appOwner /path/to/appStop [sudo] password for Aaron: Sorry, user Aaron is not allowed to execute '/path/to/appStop' as appOwner on host.example.com. /var/log/secure shows me these two sets of messages for the two attempts: Oct 31 15:02:36 host sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): authentication failure; logname=Aaron uid=0 euid=0 tty=/dev/pts/3 ruser= rhost= user=Aaron Oct 31 15:02:37 host sudo: pam_krb5[1508]: TGT verified using key for 'host/[email protected]' Oct 31 15:02:37 host sudo: pam_krb5[1508]: authentication succeeds for 'Aaron' ([email protected]) Oct 31 15:02:37 host sudo: Aaron : command not allowed ; TTY=pts/3 ; PWD=/auto/home/Aaron ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/path/to/appStop Oct 31 15:02:52 host sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): authentication failure; logname=Aaron uid=0 euid=0 tty=/dev/pts/3 ruser= rhost= user=Aaron Oct 31 15:02:52 host sudo: pam_krb5[1547]: TGT verified using key for 'host/[email protected]' Oct 31 15:02:52 host sudo: pam_krb5[1547]: authentication succeeds for 'Aaron' ([email protected]) Oct 31 15:02:52 host sudo: Aaron : command not allowed ; TTY=pts/3 ; PWD=/auto/home/Aaron ; USER=appOwner; COMMAND=/path/to/appStop The questions: Does sudo have some sort of verbose or debug mode where I can actually watch it capture the sudoers privilege list and determine whether or not Aaron should have the privilege to run this command? (This question is probably independent of where the sudoers database is kept.) Does sudo work with some background mechanism that might have a log level I could turn up? Right now, I can't fix a problem I can't identify. Is this an LDAP search failure? Is this a group member matching failure? Identifying why the command fails will help me identify the fix... Next step: Recreate the privilege in /etc/sudoers, and see if it works locally... Cheers!

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• Postfix MySql Dovecot - SMTP Authentication Failure

  - by borncamp

  Hello I have a Postfix setup with Dovecot and MySql. The server is running Debian Squeeze. The MySql server is a slave that has data pushed to it from a primary (postfix) mail server(running a different os). The emails are stored on a replicated GlusterFS volume. I am able to check email using thunderbird over IMAP. However, SMTP requests fail. After turning on query logs for the MySql server I have noticed that no query statement is executed to retrieve the user information when an SMTP client tries to authenticate. I'd like to know what I'm doing wrong or what the next troubleshooting steps are. I'm about to pull my hair out. Below is some log and configuration data that I thought would be relevant. You're help is much obliged. The file /var/log/mail.log shows Oct 11 14:54:16 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: connect from unknown[192.168.0.44] Oct 11 14:54:19 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: Oct 11 14:54:25 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:48 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:54 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:57 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: disconnect from unknown[192.168.0.44] This is my dovecot.conf file log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S " mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/virtual/%d/%n/ auth_mechanisms = plain login disable_plaintext_auth = no namespace { inbox = yes location = prefix = INBOX. separator = . type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf driver = sql } protocols = imap pop3 service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-master { mode = 0600 user = postfix } user = root } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf driver = sql } protocol lda { auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master mail_plugins = sieve postmaster_address = [email protected] } protocol pop3 { pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv } Here is my dovecot-mysql.conf file: connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=postfix user=postfix password=ffjM2MYAqQtAzRHX driver = mysql default_pass_scheme = MD5-CRYPT password_query = SELECT username AS user,password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active='1' user_query = SELECT CONCAT('/var/mail/virtual/', maildir) AS home, 1001 AS uid, 109 AS gid, CONCAT('*:messages=10000:bytes=',quota) as quota_rule, 'Trash:ignore' AS quota_rule2 FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active='1' Here is my output from 'postconf -n': append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no bounce_template_file = /etc/postfix/bounce.cf broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 0h dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps local_transport = virtual mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_queue_lifetime = 1d message_size_limit = 25600000 mydestination = mailbox2.cws.net, debian.local.cws.net, localhost.local.cws.net, localhost myhostname = mailbox2.cws.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.18.0.119 63.164.138.3 myorigin = /etc/mailname proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = relayhost = smtp_connect_timeout = 10 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 50 smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 500 smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/discard_ehlo smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, permit smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:1001 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/virtual/ virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf virtual_transport = dovecot virtual_uid_maps = static:1001

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• web.config 1.0 and 3.5

  - by kareemsaad

  I had aproblem I had two web site one of them with .net 3.5 and other with 1.0 and I want to run 1.0 in 3.5 but I couldnot and i tried to copy some section from 1.0 to 3.5 as I copied this section <add key="ConnectionString" value="data source=.;persist security info=True;user id=Sharp;Password=#Sharp;initial catalog=Sharp" /> <add key="ACProduct_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACProducts/" /> <add key="ACPDF_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACPDF/" /> <add key="ACCertifications_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACCertifications/" /> <add key="Certifications_Upload" value="SiteUploads/Certifications/" /> <add key="flash" value="flash/" /> <add key="Product_Upload" value="SiteUploads/Products/" /> <add key="PDF_Upload" value="SiteUploads/PDF/" /> <add key="HTML_Upload" value="SiteUploads/HTML_Uploads/" /> <add key="WallPaper_Upload" value="SiteUploads/WallPapers/" /> <add key="News_Upload" value="SiteUploads/News/" /> <add key="mailserver" value="111.111.1.1" /> <add key="fromEmail" value="[email protected]" /> </appSettings> to 3.5 here <add key="ACProduct_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACProducts/" /> <add key="ACPDF_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACPDF/" /> <add key="ACCertifications_Upload" value="SiteUploads/ACCertifications/" /> <add key="Certifications_Upload" value="SiteUploads/Certifications/" /> <add key="flash" value="flash/" /> <add key="Product_Upload" value="SiteUploads/Products/" /> <add key="PDF_Upload" value="SiteUploads/PDF/" /> <add key="HTML_Upload" value="SiteUploads/HTML_Uploads/" /> <add key="WallPaper_Upload" value="SiteUploads/WallPapers/" /> <add key="News_Upload" value="SiteUploads/News/" /> <add key="mailserver" value="192.168.6.3" /> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere"/> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> <add name="Sharp" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=SharpHA;User ID=SharpHA;Password=#SharpHA;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/> </connectionStrings> but this problem apear Only one element allowed per config file and if present must be the first child of the root element. please any one help me

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• fatal error occured while trying to sysprep the machine windows 8.1

  - by Mick

  I try do sysprep in Windows 8.1 I have create unattend.xml <settings pass="oobeSystem"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <InputLocale>en-US</InputLocale> <SystemLocale>en-US</SystemLocale> <UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage> <UILanguageFallback>en-US</UILanguageFallback> <UserLocale>en-US</UserLocale> </component> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <OEMInformation> <Manufacturer>XYZ</Manufacturer> <SupportURL>http://www.XYZ.com</SupportURL> </OEMInformation> <OOBE> <HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage> <NetworkLocation>Work</NetworkLocation> <ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC> </OOBE> <UserAccounts> <AdministratorPassword> <Value>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</Value> <PlainText>false</PlainText> </AdministratorPassword> <LocalAccounts> <LocalAccount wcm:action="add"> <Password> <Value>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</Value> <PlainText>false</PlainText> </Password> <Description>Admin</Description> <DisplayName>Admin</DisplayName> <Group>Administrators</Group> <Name>Admin</Name> </LocalAccount> </LocalAccounts> </UserAccounts> <WindowsFeatures> <ShowWindowsMediaPlayer>false</ShowWindowsMediaPlayer> <ShowMediaCenter>false</ShowMediaCenter> </WindowsFeatures> <RegisteredOrganization>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</RegisteredOrganization> <RegisteredOwner>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</RegisteredOwner> <TimeZone>Central European Standard Time</TimeZone> <ShowWindowsLive>false</ShowWindowsLive> </component> </settings> <settings pass="specialize"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <RegisteredOrganization>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</RegisteredOrganization> <RegisteredOwner>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</RegisteredOwner> <ProductKey>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</ProductKey> </component> </settings> And then I run sysprep.exe /oobe /generalize /shutdown I see this error: fatal error occurred while trying to sysprep the machine

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• vconfig created virtual interface and trunking - is the the interface untagged or tagged for that VLAN ID?

  - by kce

  I am trying to setup an additional VLAN on our Debian-based router/firewall (which exists as a virtual machine on Hyper-V), our core switch (an HP Procurve 5406) and a remote HP ProCurve 2610 that is connected via a WAN Transparent Lan Service (TLS) link. Let's work backwards from the network edge: The Debian server has an external connection attached to eth0. The internal interface is eth1, which is connected directly from our Hyper-V host to the 5406. The port that eth1 is attached to is setup as Trk12. The 2610 is attached to Trk9 (which trunks a whole slew of VLANs - Trk9 is our TLS head). I can successfully ping the management IP addresses for my VLAN from both switches but I cannot ping, from either switch, the virtual interface for my new VLAN on the Debian-base router and firewall. The existing VLAN works fine. What gives? The port eth1 is attached to is a trunk, the existing VLAN (ID 98) is untagged on the trunk, the new VLAN (ID 198) is tagged. VLAN 198 is tagged on Trk9 on the 5406 and on the 2610. I can ping the other switch's management IP (10.100.198.2 and 10.100.198.3) from the other respective switch. That leg of the VLAN works - however I cannot communicate with eth1.198's 10.100.198.1. I feel like I'm missing something elementary but what it is remains illusive to me. I suspect the issue is with the vconfig created eth1.198. It should pass the tagged VLAN 198 packets correct? But they cannot seem to get any further than the 5406. Communication on the existing VLAN 98 works fine. From the Debian box: eth1: eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5d:34:5e:03 inet addr:10.100.0.1 Bcast:10.100.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe34:5e03/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12179786 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20210532 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1586498028 (1.4 GiB) TX bytes:26154226278 (24.3 GiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xec00 eth1.198: eth1.198 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5d:34:5e:03 inet addr:10.100.198.1 Bcast:10.100.198.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe34:5e03/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1496 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:72 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:3528 (3.4 KiB) # cat /proc/net/vlan/eth1.198: eth1.198 VID: 198 REORDER_HDR: 0 dev->priv_flags: 1 total frames received 0 total bytes received 0 Broadcast/Multicast Rcvd 0 total frames transmitted 72 total bytes transmitted 3528 total headroom inc 0 total encap on xmit 39 Device: eth1 INGRESS priority mappings: 0:0 1:0 2:0 3:0 4:0 5:0 6:0 7:0 EGRESS priority mappings: # ip route 10.100.198.0/24 dev eth1.198 proto kernel scope link src 10.100.198.1 206.174.64.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 206.174.66.14 10.100.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.100.0.1 default via 206.174.64.1 dev eth0 # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 6875 packets, 637K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 41 4320 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 11481 1560K ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 107 8058 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth1 any 10.100.0.0/24 anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 701 317K ACCEPT udp -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere udp dpts:bootps:bootpc Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 1 packets, 40 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 156K 25M ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 215K 248M ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1 anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth1.198 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1.198 anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 13048 packets, 1640K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination From the 5406: # show vlan ports trk12 detail Status and Counters - VLAN Information - for ports Trk12 VLAN ID Name | Status Voice Jumbo Mode ------- -------------------- + ---------- ----- ----- -------- 98 WIFI | Port-based No No Untagged 198 VLAN198 | Port-based No No Tagged

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• i cant ping to my DMZ zone from the local inside PC

  - by Big Denzel

  HI everybody. Can anyone please help me on the following issue. I got a Cisco Asa 5520 configured at my network. I cant ping to my DMZ interface from a local inside network PC. so the only way a ping the DMZ is right from the Cisco ASA firewall, there i can pint to all 3 interfaces, Inside, Outside and DMZ,,,, But no PC from the Inside Network can access the DMZ. Can please any one help? I thank you all in advance Bellow is my Cisco ASA 5520 Firewall show run; ASA-FW# sh run : Saved : ASA Version 7.0(8) ! hostname ASA-FW enable password encrypted passwd encrypted names dns-guard ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 description "Link-To-GW-Router" nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 41.223.156.109 255.255.255.248 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description "Link-To-Local-LAN" nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.252.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description "Link-To-DMZ" nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/3 shutdown no nameif no security-level no ip address ! interface Management0/0 description "Local-Management-Interface" no nameif no security-level ip address 192.168.192.1 255.255.255.0 ! ftp mode passive access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.107 eq smtp access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.106 eq www access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit icmp any any log access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended deny ip any any access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq pop3 access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq telnet access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside extended permit udp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside extended permit ip any any access-list inside extended permit icmp any any access-list dmz extended permit ip any any access-list dmz extended permit icmp any any access-list cap extended permit ip 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 172.16.16.0 255.255.25 5.0 access-list cap extended permit ip 172.16.16.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.0 255.255.25 2.0 no pager logging enable logging buffer-size 5000 logging monitor warnings logging trap warnings mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu dmz 1500 no failover asdm image disk0:/asdm-508.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.106 www 172.16.16.80 www netmask 255.255.255 .255 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.107 smtp 172.16.16.25 smtp netmask 255.255.2 55.255 static (inside,dmz) 10.1.0.0 10.1.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 access-group OUT-TO-DMZ in interface outside access-group inside in interface inside access-group dmz in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 41.223.156.108 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 timeout mgcp-pat 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside ! ! match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns maximum-length 512 inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global Cryptochecksum: : end ASA-FW# Please Help. Big Denzel

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• Is it possible to write C# code as below and send email using network in different country?

  - by kedar karthik

  Is it possible to write C# code as below and send email using mnetwork in different country? MSExchangeWebServiceURL = mail.something.com/ews/exchange.asmx its a web service URL ... sorry to correct my self //....this works great when i run the same code from home network, my friends home network ... anywhere around ... but when i run it from my clients location in columbia ... it fails I have a valid user name and password on that exchange server. Is there any configuration that I can set to achieve this? BTW this code below works when I run it within office network and any network within any home network ... i have tried atleast 5 friends network in Plano, Texas. I want this code to work when run from any network in another country. My client in columbia can connect to web service using a browser .. use the same user name and password ..... but when i run the code above ... it is not able to connect to our web service .... String cMSExchangeWebServiceURL = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["MSExchangeWebServiceURL"]; String cEmail = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Cemail"]; String cPassword = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Cpassword"]; String cTo = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["CTo"]; ExchangeServiceBinding esb = new ExchangeServiceBinding(); esb.Timeout = 1800000; esb.AllowAutoRedirect = true; esb.UseDefaultCredentials = false; esb.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(cEmail, cPassword); esb.Url = cMSExchangeWebServiceURL; ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += delegate(object sender1, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) { return true; }; // Create a CreateItem request object CreateItemType request = new CreateItemType(); // Setup the request: // Indicate that we only want to send the message. No copy will be saved. request.MessageDisposition = MessageDispositionType.SendOnly; request.MessageDispositionSpecified = true; // Create a message object and set its properties MessageType message = new MessageType(); message.Subject = subject; message.Body = new TestOutgoingEmailServer.com.cogniti.mail1.BodyType(); message.Body.BodyType1 = BodyTypeType.HTML; message.Body.Value = body; message.ToRecipients = new EmailAddressType[3]; message.ToRecipients[0] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.ToRecipients[1] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.ToRecipients[2] = new EmailAddressType(); message.ToRecipients[0].EmailAddress = "[email protected]"; message.ToRecipients[0].RoutingType = "SMTP"; //message.CcRecipients = new EmailAddressType[1]; //message.CcRecipients[0] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.CcRecipients[0].EmailAddress = toEmailAddress.ElementAt(1).ToString(); //message.CcRecipients[0].RoutingType = "SMTP"; //There are some more properties in MessageType object //you can set all according to your requirement // Construct the array of items to send request.Items = new NonEmptyArrayOfAllItemsType(); request.Items.Items = new ItemType[1]; request.Items.Items[0] = message; // Call the CreateItem EWS method. CreateItemResponseType response = esb.CreateItem(request);

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• /usr/bin/sshd isn't linked against PAM on one of my systems. What is wrong and how can I fix it?

  - by marc.riera

  Hi, I'm using AD as my user account server with ldap. Most of the servers run with UsePam yes except this one, it has lack of pam support on sshd. root@linserv9:~# ldd /usr/sbin/sshd linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff621fe000) libutil.so.1 => /lib/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fd759d0b000) libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007fd759af4000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fd7598db000) libcrypto.so.0.9.8 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0x00007fd75955b000) libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007fd759323000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd758fc1000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd758dbd000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd759f0e000) I have this packages installed root@linserv9:~# dpkg -l|grep -E 'pam|ssh' ii denyhosts 2.6-2.1 an utility to help sys admins thwart ssh hac ii libpam-modules 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-runtime 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam-ssh 1.91.0-9.2 enable SSO behavior for ssh and pam ii libpam0g 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpam0g-dev 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Development files for PAM ii openssh-blacklist 0.1-1ubuntu0.8.04.1 list of blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys ii openssh-client 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell client, an rlogin/rsh/rcp repla ii openssh-server 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell server, an rshd replacement ii quest-openssh 5.2p1_q13-1 Secure shell root@linserv9:~# What I'm doing wrong? thanks. Edit: root@linserv9:~# cat /etc/pam.d/sshd # PAM configuration for the Secure Shell service # Read environment variables from /etc/environment and # /etc/security/pam_env.conf. auth required pam_env.so # [1] # In Debian 4.0 (etch), locale-related environment variables were moved to # /etc/default/locale, so read that as well. auth required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale # Standard Un*x authentication. @include common-auth # Disallow non-root logins when /etc/nologin exists. account required pam_nologin.so # Uncomment and edit /etc/security/access.conf if you need to set complex # access limits that are hard to express in sshd_config. # account required pam_access.so # Standard Un*x authorization. @include common-account # Standard Un*x session setup and teardown. @include common-session # Print the message of the day upon successful login. session optional pam_motd.so # [1] # Print the status of the user's mailbox upon successful login. session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv # [1] # Set up user limits from /etc/security/limits.conf. session required pam_limits.so # Set up SELinux capabilities (need modified pam) # session required pam_selinux.so multiple # Standard Un*x password updating. @include common-password Edit2: UsePAM yes fails With this configuration ssh fails to start : root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep -vE "^[ \t]*$|^#" Port 22 Protocol 2 ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes UsePAM yes Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/sftp-server root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# The error it gives is as follows root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# /etc/init.d/ssh start * Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config: line 75: Bad configuration option: UsePAM /etc/ssh/sshd_config: terminating, 1 bad configuration options ...fail! root@linserv9:/home/admmarc#

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• Clarification On Write-Caching Policy, Its Underlying Options And How It Applies To Hard Drives And Solid-State Drives

  - by Boris_yo

  In last week after doing more research on subject matter, I have been wondering about what I have been neglecting all those years to understand write-caching policy, always leaving it on default setting. Write-caching policy improves writing performance and consists of write-back caching and write-cache buffer flushing. This is how I understand all the above, but correct me if I erred somewhere: Write-through cache / Write-through caching itself is not a part of write caching policy per se and it's when data is written to both cache and storage device so if Windows will need that data later again, it is retrieved from cache and not from storage device which means only improved read performance as there is no need for waiting for storage device to read required data again. Since data is still written to storage device, write performance isn't improved and represents no risk of data loss or corruption in case of power failure or system crash while only data in cache gets lost. This option seems to be enabled by default and is recommended for removable devices with no need to use function of "Safely Remove Hardware" on user's part. Write-back caching is similar to above but without writing data to storage device, periodically releasing data from cache and writing to storage device when it is idle. In my opinion this option improves both read and write performance but represents risk if power failure or system crash occurs with the outcome of not only losing data eventually to be written to storage device, but causing file inconsistencies or corrupted file system. Write-back caching cannot be enabled together with write-through caching and it is not recommended to be enabled if no backup power supply is availabe. Write-cache buffer flushing I reckon is similar to write-back caching but enables immediate release and writing of data from cache to storage device right before power outage occurs but I don't know if it applies also to occasional system crash. This option seem to be complementary to write-back cache reducing or potentially eliminating risk of data loss or corruption of file system. I have questions about relevance of last 2 options to today's modern SSDs in order to get best performance and with less wear on SSDs: I know that traditional hard drives come with onboard cache (I wonder what type of cache that is), but do SSDs also come with cache? Assuming they do, is this cache faster than their NAND flash and system RAM and worth taking the risk of utilizing it by enabling write-back cache? I read somewhere that generally storage device's cache is faster than RAM, but I want to be sure. Additionally I read that write-caching should be enabled since current data that is to be written later to NAND flash is kept for a while in cache and provided there is data that gets modified a lot before finally being written, holding of this data and its periodic release reduces its write times to SSD thereby reducing its wearing. Now regarding to write-cache buffer flushing, I heard that SSD controllers are so fast by themselves that enabling this option is not required, because they manage flushing. However, once again, I don't know if SSDs have their own onboard cache and whether or not it is faster than their NAND flash and system RAM because if it is, keeping this option enabled would make sense. Recently I have posted question about issue with my Intel 330 SSD 120GB which was main reason to do deeper research having suspicion of write-caching policy being the culprit of SSD's freezing issue assuming data being released is what causes freezes. Currently I have write-cache enabled and write-cache buffer flushing disabled because I believe SSD controller's management of write-cache flushing and Windows write-cache buffer flushing are conflicting with each other: Since I want to troubleshoot in small steps to finally determine the source of issue, I have decided to start with write-caching policy and the move to drivers, switching to AHCI later on and finally disabling DIPM (device initiated power management) through registry modification thanks to @TomWijsman

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• Do hard drive enclosures fail/is it the HDD or enclosure?

  - by x0a

  I'm having a whole host of problems with an external hard drive that was working just fine a couple of hours ago. I've had this problem before once, and that was about 3 months ago, here's what I documented: So a couple of hours ago I turned off all my computers and shut off the power to all my devices in my room, then went and turned the power off at the main switch so I could change an outlet. A couple hours later, after I've already slowly turned everything back on, I go to my xbox to try and watch a movie and it can't seem to list any of the movies I've got. So I go to my desktop to find that my external hard drive isn't there.. even though it's on and connected. It's also stationary and hidden behind something so there's not a whole lot of tampering/physical wear to that external. I plug it into my laptop to try and see what's going on. It starts making this endless loud screeching noise. None of that clicking that's usually associated with hd damage. It's not listed in my computers, and it shows up in Disk Management as "uninitialized" asking me to choose between two different partition types. After carefully disconnecting it and connecting it back, it asks me to format it, which I cancel. I start googling about my issue, starting to accept the situation, torn as hell and helpless and just about ready to toss the thing. Suddenly the screeching stops, after almost 45 minutes of it going, and Disk Management lists the drive as "Online" and "Healthy". Explorer pops up with all my files! I'm still being really careful with it and weary and treating it as though it's in fragile shape. I've downloaded some S.M.A.R.T. software to read the values and everything is listed as "OK" . No reallocated sectors, no read errors, no seek errors. I also ran a quick self-test, which completed without error. Everything seems fine. It looks to be a perfectly healthy external hard drive. So what the hell was that about? Was it doing some sort of maintenance or self-test? How am I supposed to tell the difference? I would've undoubtedly killed the drive for sure if had it gone on a bit longer. I've got the same problem now, with one exception: it doesn't magically reappear after the screeching stops. Occasionally I manage to get some S.M.A.R.T. diagnostics information, which basically reads everything as fine. The only problem is that my HD isn't initializing (so I can't access anything in it). I'm able to successfully run a quick smart test but not an extended one (I've only tried it once but got conflicting indications as to whether it was actually making any progress or not (was stuck on Random read test). So, final question (if all else fails): Could the hard drive enclosure be failing rather than the HDD? Is this a likely possibility at all? How would I know?

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• How to validate referral support implemented for Active Dircetory server?

  - by user146560

  Please suggest me some utility or application, using which i want to test referral settings done. I want to test cross forest referenced reference. Among two DNS say 1 firstDNS.com user([email protected]) 2 SecondDNS.com user([email protected]) Below java code written to test active directory server setting. public void authenticateUser(String user, String password, String domain) throws AuthenticationException, NamingException { List<String> ldapServers = findLDAPServersInWindowsDomain("first.com"); if (ldapServers.isEmpty()) throw new NamingException("Can't locate an LDAP server (try nslookup type=SRV _ldap._tcp." + "first.com"+ ")"); Hashtable<String, String> props = new Hashtable<String, String>(); String principalName = "testUserFirst"+ "@" + "First.com"; props.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, principalName); props.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, password); props.put(Context.REFERRAL,"follow"); //props.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "anonymous"); Integer count = 0; for (String ldapServer : ldapServers) { try { count++; DirContext ctx = LdapCtxFactory.getLdapCtxInstance("ldap://" + ldapServer, props); SearchControls searchCtls = new SearchControls(); //Specify the attributes to return String returnedAtts[]={"sn","givenName","mail"}; searchCtls.setReturningAttributes(returnedAtts); //Specify the search scope searchCtls.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE); //specify the LDAP search filter String searchFilter = "(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=" testUserSecond)(userPassword=usertest@3))"; //Specify the Base for the search String searchBase = "DC=second,DC=com"; //initialize counter to total the results int totalResults = 0; // Search for objects using the filter NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> answer = ctx.search(searchBase, searchFilter, searchCtls); return; } catch (CommunicationException e) { // this is what'll happen if one of the domain controllers is unreachable if (count.equals(ldapServers.size())) { // we've got no more servers to try, so throw the CommunicationException to indicate that we failed to reach an LDAP server throw e; } } } } private List<String> findLDAPServersInWindowsDomain(String domain) throws NamingException { List<String> servers = new ArrayList<String>(); Hashtable<String, String> env = new Hashtable<String, String>(); env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContextFactory"); env.put("java.naming.provider.url", "dns://"); DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env); Attributes attributes = ctx.getAttributes("_ldap._tcp." + domain, new String[] { "SRV" }); // that's how Windows domain controllers are registered in DNS Attribute a = attributes.get("SRV"); for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) { String srvRecord = a.get(i).toString(); // each SRV record is in the format "0 100 389 dc1.company.com." // priority weight port server (space separated) servers.add(srvRecord.split(" ")[3]); } ctx.close(); return servers; }

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• Vista 64-bit, DISK BOOT FAILURE

  - by weka

  So I have this Acer Aspire AX3200-U3600A with Windows Vista (64-bit). Every night I turn it off and turn it back on in the morning. Around three weeks ago, I did a fresh factory reimage. Good as new. Then around two days ago, when I turned it on, I noticed it was running extremly slow. As in, it would often freeze up while I had multiple applications open when it usually never froze up. So I decided to restart my computer. Big mistake. My computer froze right after I clicked shut-down. I waited a while. Nothing. Waited some minutes. Nope. I decided to shut it down by pressing the power button. Here is where the problems begin. When I turned it back on, I saw the Windows logo and loading bar and then it loaded to black. I turned it off again forcefully by power button and then once more... then I got: AMD Data Change... Update New Data to DMI! then later the screen clears and I get: AHCI Option ROM BIOS Revision: 01.05.92 Date: 02-19-2008 Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Phoenix Technologies, LTD Port 01: Reset Port Error!! Port 02: then the screen clears again but this time, this loads from the bottom: Nvidia Boot Agent 249.0542 (copyright stuff... blah blah) PXE-E61: Media test failure, check cable. PXE-M0F: Exiting Nvidia Boot Agent DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER. So I try to go into Safe Mode. Well, first of all it doesn't load as fast. After it loads disk.sys from windows/drivers, it will wait a while (2-3 mins) THEN load. However it loads the Acer eRecovery Management Tool. I have three options: Reset computer to factory default, Restore computer from user's backup, or Exit. However, the top two options are gray and disabled where as the Exit is in blue and definitely clickable. So obviously safe mode is not there... A strong thing to note: In the beginning when all of this started, I did a Boot Windows Normal from pressing f8 and I got to my desktop! It logged me in. I could see the icons on my files. However my desktop was extremely slow as in when I clicked on the Start menu, it would wait a while, then load up the menu with JUST the gradient, no text or icons... so as you can see... it saw my HDD? Also, before anyone says, I have NO USB plugged in. My mouse and keyboard are not USB inputs, I assure you. And this came without a recovery CD AND when I went in BIOS, to change the BOOT ORDER, I did NOT see a CD-ROM option. And when I tried pressing ALT+F10 to get into Acer eRecovery Management, the top two options were disabled as well. But sometimes on start-up, I get: Windows has encountered a problem communicating with a device connected to your computer. This error can be caused by unplugging a removable storage device such as an external USB drive while the device is in use, or by faulty hardware such as a hard drive or CD-ROM drive that is failing. Make sure any removeable storage is properly connected and then restart your computer. If you continue to receive this error message, contact the hardware manufacturer. Status: 0xc00000e9 Info: An unexpected I/O error has occured. Then I tried Last Known Good Configuration Settings, that gives me a BSOD. What should I do/

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• Using PHP to connect to RADIUS works on one server but not another

  - by JDS

  I have a fleet of webservers that server a LAMP webapp broken into multiple customer apps by virtualhost/domain. The platform is Ubuntu 10.04 VM + PHP 5.3 + Apache 2.2.14, on top of VMware ESX (v4 I think). This stuff's not too important, though -- I'm just setting up the background. I have one customer that connects to a RADIUS server for authentication. We've found that the app responds as if some number of web servers are configured correctly and some are not. i.e. Apparently random authentication failures or successes, with no rhyme or reason. I did a lot of analysis of our fleet, and resolved it down to the differences between two specific web servers. I'll call them "A" and "B". "A" works. "B" does not. "Works" means "connects to and gets authentication data successfully from the RADIUS server". Ultimately, I'm looking for one thing that is different, and I've exhausted everything that I can come up with, so, looking for something else. Here are things I've looked at PHP package versions (all from Ubuntu repos). These are exactly the same across servers. PECL package. There are no PECL packages that aren't installed by apt. Other libraries or packages. Nothing that was network-related or RADIUS-related was different among servers. (There were some minor package differences, though.) Network or hosting environment. I found that some of the working servers were on the same physical environment as some not-working ones (i.e. same ESX containers). So, probably, the physical network layer is not the problem. Test case. I created a test case as follows. It works on the working servers, and fails on the not-working servers, very consistently. <?php $radius = radius_auth_open(); $username = 'theusername'; $password = 'thepassword'; $hostname = '12.34.56.78'; $radius_secret = '39wmmvxghg'; if (! radius_add_server($radius,$hostname,0,$radius_secret,5,3)) { die('Radius Error 1: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } if (! radius_create_request($radius,RADIUS_ACCESS_REQUEST)) { die('Radius Error 2: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_NAME,$username); radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_PASSWORD,$password); switch (radius_send_request($radius)) { case RADIUS_ACCESS_ACCEPT: echo 'GOOD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_REJECT: echo 'BAD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_CHALLENGE: echo 'CHALLENGE REQUESTED'; break; default: die('Radius Error 3: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } ?>

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