It is said that when we have a class Point and knows how to perform point * 3 like the following:

class Point

  def initialize(x,y)
    @x, @y = x, y
  end

  def *(c)
    Point.new(@x * c, @y * c)
  end

end

point = Point.new(1,2)
p point
p point * 3

Output:

#<Point:0x336094 @x=1, @y=2>
#<Point:0x335fa4 @x=3, @y=6>

but then,

3 * point

is not understood:

Point can't be coerced into Fixnum (TypeError)

So we need to further define an instance method coerce:

class Point
  def coerce(something)
    [self, something]
  end
end

p 3 * point

Output:

#<Point:0x3c45a88 @x=3, @y=6>

So it is said that

3 * point

is the same as

3.*(point)

that is, the instance method * takes an argument point and invoke on the object 3.

Now, since this method * doesn't know how to multiply a point, so

point.coerce(3)

will be called, and get back an array:

[point, 3]

and then * is once again applied to it, is that true?

point * 3

which is the same as

point.*(3)

and now, this is understood and we now have a new Point object, as performed by the instance method * of the Point class.

The question is:

1) who invokes point.coerce(3) ? Is it Ruby automatically, or is it some code inside of * method of Fixnum by catching an exception? Or is it by case statement that when it doesn't know one of the known types, then call coerce?

2) Does coerce always need to return an array of 2 elements? Can it be no array? Or can it be an array of 3 elements?

3) And is the rule that, the original operator (or method) * will then be invoked on element 0, with the argument of element 1? (element 0 and element 1 are the two elements in that array returned by coerce) Who does it? Is it done by Ruby or is it done by code in Fixnum? If it is done by code in Fixnum, then it is a "convention" that everybody follows when doing a coerce?

So could it be the code in * of Fixnum do something like this:

if (something.typeof? ...)
else if ...  # other type
else if ...  # other type
else
# if it is not a type I know
  array = something.coerce(self)
  return array[0].*(array[1])
end