I encountered ConcurrentModificationException and by looking at it I can't see the reason why it's happening; the area throwing the exception and all the places modifying the collection are surrounded by

synchronized (this.locks.get(id)) {
  ...
} // locks is a HashMap<String, Object>;

I tried to catch the the pesky thread but all I could nail (by setting a breakpoint in the exception) is that the throwing thread owns the monitor while the other thread (there are two threads in the program) sleeps.

How should I proceed? What do you usually do when you encounter similar threading issues?