Digital Storage for Airline Entertainment

Posted by Bill Evjen on Geeks with Blogs See other posts from Geeks with Blogs or by Bill Evjen
Published on Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:36:43 GMT Indexed on 2011/02/23 7:26 UTC
Read the original article Hit count: 481

Filed under:

by Thomas Coughlin

  • Common flash memory cards
    • The most common flash memory products currently in use are SD cards and derivative products (e.g. mini and micro-SD cards)
    • Some compact flash used for professional applications (such as DSLR cameras)
  • Evolution of leading flash formats
    • Standardization –> market expansion
    • Market expansion –> volume
    • iNAND –> focus is on enabling embedded X3
    • iSSD –> ideal for thin form factor devices
  • Flash memory applications
    • Phones are the #1 user of flash memory
    • Flash memory is used as embedded and removable storage in many mobile applications
    • Flash memory is being used in computers as USB sticks and SSDs
    • Possible use of flash memory in computer combined with HDDs (hybrid HDDs and paired or dual storage computers)
  • It can be a removable card or an embedded card
  • These devices can only handle a specific number of writes
  • Flash memory reads considerably quicker than hard drives
  • Hybrid and dual storage in computers
    • SSDs can provide fast performance but they are expensive
    • HDDs can provide cheap storage but they are relatively slow
    • Combining some flash memory with a HDD can provide costs close to those of HDDs and performance close to flash memory
      • Seagate Momentus XT hybrid HDD
      • Various dual storage offerings putting flash memory with HDDs
  • Other common flash memory devices
    • USB sticks
      • All forms and colors
      • Used for moving files around
      • Some sold with content on them (Sony Movies on USB sticks)
    • Solid State Drives (SSDs)
  • Floating Gate Flash Memory Cell
    • When a bit is programmed, electrons are stored upon the floating gate
    • This has the effect of offsetting the charge on the control gate of the transistor
    • If there is no charge upon the floating gate, then the control gate’s charge determines whether or not a current flows through the channel
    • A strong charge on the control gate assumes that no current flows. A weak charge will allow a strong current to flow through.
  • Similar to HDDs, flash memory must provide:
    • Bit error correction
    • Bad block management
  • NAND and NOR memories are treated differently when it comes to managing wear
  • In many NOR-based systems no management is used at all, since the NOR is simply used to store code, and data is stored in other devices. In this case, it would take a near-infinite amount of time for wear to become an issue since the only time the chip would see an erase/write cycle is when the code in the system is being upgraded, which rarely if ever happens over the life of a typical system.
  • NAND is usually found in very different application than is NOR
  • Flash memory wears out
    • This is expected to get worse over time
  • Retention: Disappearing data
    • Bits fade away
      • Retention decreases with increasing read/writes
      • Bits may change when adjacent bits are read
      • Time and traffic are concerns
    • Controllers typically groom read disturb errors
      • Like DRAM refresh
      • Increases erase/write frequency
  • Application characteristics
    • Music – reads high / writes very low
    • Video – r high / writes very low
    • Internet Cache – r high / writes low
  • On airplanes
    • Many consumers now have their own content viewing devices – do they need the airlines?
    • Is there a way to offer more to consumers, especially with their own viewers
      • Additional special content
      • tie into airplane network
      • access to electrical power, internet
    • Should there be fixed embedded or removable storage for on-board airline entertainment?
    • Is there a way to leverage personal and airline viewers and content in new and entertaining ways?

© Geeks with Blogs or respective owner