Yesterday I had discussed two analytical functions FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE. After reading the blog post I received very interesting question.

“Don’t you think there is bug in your first example where FIRST_VALUE is remain same but the LAST_VALUE is changing every line. I think the LAST_VALUE should be the highest value in the windows or set of result.”

I find this question very interesting because this is very commonly made mistake. No there is no bug in the code. I think what we need is a bit more explanation. Let me attempt that first. Before you do that I suggest you read yesterday’s blog post as this question is related to that blog post.

Now let’s have fun following query:

USE AdventureWorks
GO
SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID) FstValue,
LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID) LstValue
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s
WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty
GO


The above query will give us the following result:

As per the reader’s question the value of the LAST_VALUE function should be always 114 and not increasing as the rows are increased. Let me re-write the above code once again with bit extra T-SQL Syntax. Please pay special attention to the ROW clause which I have added in the above syntax.

USE AdventureWorks
GO
SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) FstValue,
LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) LstValue
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s
WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty
GO


Now once again check the result of the above query.

The result of both the query is same because in OVER clause the default ROWS selection is always UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW.

If you want the maximum value of the windows with OVER clause you need to change the syntax to UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING for ROW clause. Now run following query and pay special attention to ROW clause again.

USE AdventureWorks
GO
SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue,
LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s
WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty
GO

Here is the resultset of the above query which is what questioner was asking. So in simple word, there is no bug but there is additional syntax needed to add to get your desired answer.

The same logic also applies to PARTITION BY clause when used. Here is quick example of how we can further partition the query by SalesOrderDetailID with this new functions.

USE AdventureWorks
GO
SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue,
LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s
WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty
GO

Above query will give us windowed resultset on SalesOrderDetailsID as well give us FIRST and LAST value for the windowed resultset.

There are lots to discuss for this two functions and we have just explored tip of the iceberg. In future post I will discover it further deep.

Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)

Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology