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Articles indexed in September 2012

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• Portable Class Library even better in .NET 4.5

  - by nmarun

  Visual Studio 2012 makes Cross-Platform development even easier. It comes with a feature called Portable Class Library (PCL). This feature was available in Visual Studio 2010 as well, but it required an additional install as against being out-of-the-box for 2012. It’s also worth noting that PCL is available only for Pro and above versions of 2012. So it’s not available with the Express edition of Visual Studio 2012. Let’s get started. In Visual Studio 2012 you can see a template called Portable Class...(read more)

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• Cloud Computing Forces Better Design Practices

  - by Herve Roggero

  Is cloud computing simply different than on premise development, or is cloud computing actually forcing you to create better applications than you normally would? In other words, is cloud computing merely imposing different design principles, or forcing better design principles?  A little while back I got into a discussion with a developer in which I was arguing that cloud computing, and specifically Windows Azure in his case, was forcing developers to adopt better design principles. His opinion was that cloud computing was not yielding better systems; just different systems. In this blog, I will argue that cloud computing does force developers to use better design practices, and hence better applications. So the first thing to define, of course, is the word “better”, in the context of application development. Looking at a few definitions online, better means “superior quality”. As it relates to this discussion then, I stipulate that cloud computing can yield higher quality applications in terms of scalability, everything else being equal. Before going further I need to also outline the difference between performance and scalability. Performance and scalability are two related concepts, but they don’t mean the same thing. Scalability is the measure of system performance given various loads. So when developers design for performance, they usually give higher priority to a given load and tend to optimize for the given load. When developers design for scalability, the actual performance at a given load is not as important; the ability to ensure reasonable performance regardless of the load becomes the objective. This can lead to very different design choices. For example, if your objective is to obtains the fastest response time possible for a service you are building, you may choose the implement a TCP connection that never closes until the client chooses to close the connection (in other words, a tightly coupled service from a connectivity standpoint), and on which a connection session is established for faster processing on the next request (like SQL Server or other database systems for example). If you objective is to scale, you may implement a service that answers to requests without keeping session state, so that server resources are released as quickly as possible, like a REST service for example. This alternate design would likely have a slower response time than the TCP service for any given load, but would continue to function at very large loads because of its inherently loosely coupled design. An example of a REST service is the NO-SQL implementation in the Microsoft cloud called Azure Tables. Now, back to cloud computing… Cloud computing is designed to help you scale your applications, specifically when you use Platform as a Service (PaaS) offerings. However it’s not automatic. You can design a tightly-coupled TCP service as discussed above, and as you can imagine, it probably won’t scale even if you place the service in the cloud because it isn’t using a connection pattern that will allow it to scale [note: I am not implying that all TCP systems do not scale; I am just illustrating the scalability concepts with an imaginary TCP service that isn’t designed to scale for the purpose of this discussion]. The other service, using REST, will have a better chance to scale because, by design, it minimizes resource consumption for individual requests and doesn’t tie a client connection to a specific endpoint (which means you can easily deploy this service to hundreds of machines without much trouble, as long as your pockets are deep enough). The TCP and REST services discussed above are both valid designs; the TCP service is faster and the REST service scales better. So is it fair to say that one service is fundamentally better than the other? No; not unless you need to scale. And if you don’t need to scale, then you don’t need the cloud in the first place. However, it is interesting to note that if you do need to scale, then a loosely coupled system becomes a better design because it can almost always scale better than a tightly-coupled system. And because most applications grow overtime, with an increasing user base, new functional requirements, increased data and so forth, most applications eventually do need to scale. So in my humble opinion, I conclude that a loosely coupled system is not just different than a tightly coupled system; it is a better design, because it will stand the test of time. And in my book, if a system stands the test of time better than another, it is of superior quality. Because cloud computing demands loosely coupled systems so that its underlying service architecture can be leveraged, developers ultimately have no choice but to design loosely coupled systems for the cloud. And because loosely coupled systems are better… … the cloud forces better design practices. My 2 cents.

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• Open Source Highlight: namebench

  - by eddraper

  DNS is a big deal.  Even small incremental changes to improve its performance can yield significant value due to the vast quantity of look-ups required when using the internet.  Until now, It’s always been one of those things I had to kinda take on faith… was my ISP doing a good job?  Are those public DNS server really that much faster?  What about security and privacy concerns? Let me introduce you to namebench.  This is the kinda tool I really love – one that immediately delivers value and is almost over-the-top OCD in its attention to detail. Trust me, this tool is utterly ruthless in it’s quest for getting it right – you’re not left with a big question mark after it presents its data.  The results are conclusive and actionable.  Here’s what is does: It hunts down the fastest DNS servers from your desktop that it can find using thousands of requests.  No, it doesn’t pop up this little dialog in 10 seconds to give you some “off the cuff” answer from a handful of providers.  It takes the better part of 10-15 minutes to run.  When it finishes, it presents you with a veritable horn-o-plenty of data.  Mean response duration, response distribution, bad data,  no stone is left un-turned. Check it out.  You’ll dig it.

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• Stackify Gives Devs a Crack at the Production Server

  - by Matt Watson

  Originally published on SDTimes.com on 7/9/2012 by David Rubinstein.It was one of those interviews where you get finished talking about a company’s product, and you wonder aloud, “Well, THAT makes sense! Why hasn’t anyone thought of that before?” Matt Watson, CEO of Kansas City, Mo.-based startup Stackify, was telling me that the 10-person company is getting ready to launch its product in August (it’s in beta now) that will give developers an app-centric look into production servers so they can support and troubleshoot apps and fix bugs. Of course, this hasn’t happened in the past because of the security concerns of IT administrators, and a decided lack of expertise on the part of developers. Stackify installs on a server and acts like a proxy for developers, collecting data about the environment, discovering all the applications, scanning for config file changes, and doing server monitoring. “We become the central point that developers can see everything they need to know about their applications,” he said. “Developers can look at the files that are deployed, and query databases in a safe way.”  In his words:“The big thing we’re hoping is just giving them (developers) visibility. Most companies want to hire the junior developers that they pay $50,000 a year right out of college to do application support and troubleshooting and fix bugs, but those people don’t have access to production servers to troubleshoot. It becomes very difficult for them to do their job, so they end up spending all of their day bugging the senior developers, the managers or the system administrators to track down this stuff, which creates a huge bottleneck. And so what we can do is give that visibility to those lower-level people so that they can do this work and free up the higher-level people so they can be working on the next big thing.”Stackify itself might just prove to be the next big thing.

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• Stackify Aims to Put More ‘Dev’ in ‘DevOps’

  - by Matt Watson

  Originally published on VisualStudioMagazine.com on 8/22/2012 by Keith Ward.The Kansas City-based startup wants to make it easier for developers to examine the network stack and find problems in code.The first part of “DevOps” is “Dev”. But according to Matt Watson, Devs aren’t connected enough with Ops, and it’s time that changed.He founded the startup company Stackify earlier this year to do something about it. Stackify gives developers unprecedented access to the IT side of the equation, Watson says, without putting additional burden on the system and network administrators who ultimately ensure the health of the environment.“We need a product designed for developers, with the goal of getting them more involved in operations and app support. Now, there’s next to nothing designed for developers,” Watson says. Stackify allows developers to search the network stack to troubleshoot problems in their software that might otherwise take days of coordination between development and IT teams to solve.Stackify allows developers to search log files, configuration files, databases and other infrastructure to locate errors. A key to this is that the developers are normally granted read-only access, soothing admin fears that developers will upload bad code to their servers.Implementation starts with data collection on the servers. Among the information gleaned is application discovery, server monitoring, file access, and other data collection, according to Stackify’s Web site. Watson confirmed that Stackify works seamlessly with virtualized environments as well.Although the data collection software must be installed on Windows servers, it can monitor both Windows and Linux servers. Once collection’s finished, developers have the kind of information they need, without causing heartburn for the IT staff.Stackify is a 100 percent cloud-based service. The company uses Windows Azure for hosting, a decision Watson’s happy with. With Azure, he says, “It’s nice to have all the dev tools like cache and table storage.” Although there have been a few glitches here and there with the service, it’s run very smoothly for the most part, he adds.Stackify is currently in a closed beta, with a public release scheduled for October. Watson says that pricing is expected to be $25 per month, per server, with volume discounts available. He adds that the target audience is companies with at least five developers.Watson founded Stackify after selling his last company, VinSolutions, to AutoTrader.com for “close to $150 million”, according to press accounts. Watson has since  founded the Watson Technology Group, which focuses on angel investing.About the Author: Keith Ward is the editor in chief of Visual Studio Magazine.

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• Launch script on login to RDS - server side

  - by Jonathan

  I have a logon script that I want to be run when users login to remote desktop on my WinServer2008r2 box. I know I can do this client-side (in the RemoteDesktopClient "Run Program" options) but would rather it be enforced server-side. If I assign the logon script to a GPO, the script will be run whenever the user logs into their local PC. I would like to assign the logon script to the Remote Desktop Users group, but only when they're logging into remote desktop, not when they're logging into their own system. Thoughts?

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• Amazon EC2 root defaults on EBS

  - by CodeShining

  I'm trying to understand why when launching a new instance Amazon defaults to EBS (8gb root) instead of instance storage. Why do they sell instance storage then if it's not used also to boot the base system? Is it safe to uncheck delete on termination, make it bigger (~50GiB) and keep all files on that EBS instead of creating a new one to make sure data will persist and it will also be usable by another instance?

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• How to change the Nginx default folder?

  - by Ido Bukin

  I setup a server with Nginx and i set my Public_HTML in - /home/user/public_html/website.com/public And its always redirect to - /usr/local/nginx/html/ How can i change this ? Nginx.conf - user www-data www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/default - server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/website.com - server { listen 80; server_name website.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.website.com/$1 permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name www.website.com; access_log /home/user/public_html/website.com/log/access.log; error_log /home/user/public_html/website.com/log/error.log; location / { root /home/user/public_html/website.com/public/; index index.php index.html; } # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on # 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/user/public_html/website.com/public/$fastcgi_script_name; } } The error message I get is Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required '/usr/local/nginx/html/202-config/functions.php' the server try to find the file in the Nginx folder and not in my Public_Html

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• Install Intel USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller Driver for Windows Server 2008 R2 x64

  - by ffrugone

  According to Intel and Dell, by board is technically a 'desktop' board and they therefore do not support Intel USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller drivers for Windows Server 2008 (R2 x64). I'm trying to find a workaround. I found an entry on someone who tried to tackle this, but I can't make his fix work for me. Below, I have copied both his entry, and my reply. I'm a loyal stackoverflow user, and hopefully the people here at serverfault can help me: anyforumuser Re: GA-Z77X-UD5H USB3 Drivers not installing? « Reply #6 on: July 05, 2012, 04:12:59 am » Thanks to JoeMiner , his process for the network drivers gave me the clues to figure out to get the USB3 drivers working. I have got the intel USB3 drivers working at full speed in win server 2008r2 you have to edit the following file : 1. mup.xml in change the "Windows7" to "W2K8" 2. in setup.if2 under [groups] line starting with "HSCSDRIVER " change the "IsOS( ... )" entry to "IsOS(WIN2008_R2,WIN2008_R2_MAXSP)" inf files for all copy the content of the [Intel.NTAMD64.6.1] group to the [Intel.NTAMD64.6.2] group driver folders. here i am not entirely sure which is correct so there are some double up's. in the drivers folder copy the "Win7" folder to "win2008" , "win2008_r2" and "x64" ie your drivers folder should now contain the "win2008" , "win2008_r2" and "x64" folders and they contain contents of the win7 folder (the inf files should of already been fixed) Run install , It should install properly and work now. You will have to reboot If it doesn't work remove the intel usb3 controllers from device manager and get it to "scan for hardware changes" Good luck !!! benevida Re: GA-Z77X-UD5H Intel Network Drivers not installing? « Reply #7 on: August 13, 2012, 02:21:14 pm » Thank you anyforumuser! A process for getting this driver installed was exactly what I needed. However, I've hit a snag. I believe I've followed every step exactly as written, but I'm getting an error during installation. I get the message "One or more files that are required for installation are either missing or corrupted. Setup will exit." Behind the error, the 'Setup Progress' shows the current step as "Copying File: C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller Driver\Drivers\iusb3xhc.man". I've checked the installation files, and iusb3xhc.man seems to be a viable file in all of the Windows 2008 sub-directories of the Drivers folder. Therefore I don't see how the file could be missing and I doubt that it is corrupted, (although it does NOT exist in the \Drivers\HCSwitch folder). I opened 'Setup.if2', and there are two aspects to the step of copying iusb3xhc.man that caught my eye. First, the steps immediately preceding are set to 'error=ignore'. If they hadn't completed successfully, this is the first step where we'd hear about it. Second, this is the first step where the relative path '%source%\drivers\%_os%\%_ia%\' is used. If I haven't named the Windows 2008 sub-directories correctly, I could see where things are fouling up. In any event, if someone could take a look and make suggestions I'd appreciate it. Thank you.

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• Postfix cannot deliver mail to Cyrus mailbox on Ubuntu 11.10 server

  - by user105804

  I have installed and configured Postfix and Cyrus IMAP server with webcyradm according to this document - http://www.delouw.ch/linux/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/html/index.html . I can access webcyradm interface, I can create new domains and new users, and I can login via IMAP after creating the user account. However, Postfix fails to deliver mail to cyrus mailboxes. Mail log contains errors shown below. Installing any IMAP server other than cyrus is not an option because it is needed by the web application. Please advise me how to make Postfix deliver email to cyrus mailboxes. The solution should not necessary include web-cyradm, but there should be a web interface for managing mail domains and mailboxes as user-friendly as possible. Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: accepted connection Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: lmtp connection preauth'd as postman Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/cleanup[4868]: 065D5240035: message-id=<[email protected]> Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: verify_user(user.imap0001) failed: Mailbox does not exist Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/bounce[4867]: 6C6CA24185C: sender non-delivery notification: 065D5240035 Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 065D5240035: from=<>, size=3372, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 6C6CA24185C: removed Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/lmtp[4866]: 53421240372: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp], delay=165, delays=165/0.02/0.17/0.09, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp] said: 550-Mailbox unknown. Either there is no mailbox associated with this 550-name or you do not have authorization to see it. 550 5.1.1 User unknown (in reply to RCPT TO command))

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• iLOM Boot device SUN X4170

  - by bernie

  I have configured the boot device to cdrom but whenever I reboot the server, it defaults to boot_device=default. Pressing F2/F8 during POST does not activate the BIOS setup. set boot_device=cdrom Set 'boot_device' to 'cdrom' -> show /HOST Targets: diag Properties: boot_device = cdrom generate_host_nmi = (Cannot show property) Commands: cd set show

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• SMF restarting service whenever there's output?

  - by Phillip Oldham

  I'm trying to add a custom service to SMF's configuration, which seems successful in that the service starts and there is a log file, but therein lies the problem; the service, on start-up, prints some logging messages to the stderr. It seems that SMF is seeing those messages and, believing them to be errors, restarts the service, giving up after a number of tries and leaving the service off. Here's part of the log output: [ Mar 30 14:59:54 Enabled. ] [ Mar 30 14:59:54 Executing start method ("java server.CustomServer"). ] Starting server... [ Mar 30 15:00:04 Method or service exit timed out. Killing contract 107. ] Running the server directly on the commandline is fine, and AFACS there are no errors being encountered during startup, other than the output. What would be the best way to manage this service with SMF? The logging is needed for diagnosing problems, and would be problematic to disable. Is it possible to configure this service to only restart if the service exists?

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• Finding throuput of CPU and Hardrive on Solaris

  - by Jim

  How do I find the throughput of a CPU and the hard disk on an OpenSolaris machine? Using mpstat or iostat? I'm having a hard time identifying the throughput if it is given at all in the commands output. For example, in mpstat there is very little explanation as to what the columns mean. I've been using the syscl column divided by time interval to find the throughput but to be honest I have no idea what a system call truly is. I'm trying to to analyze a hardrive and CPU while writing a file to the hardisk and when at rest.

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• Solaris TCP/IP performance tuning

  - by Andy Faibishenko

  I am trying to tune a high message traffic system running on Solaris. The architecture is a large number (600) of clients which connect via TCP to a big Solaris server and then send/receive relatively small messages (.5 to 1K payload) at high rates. The goal is to minimize the latency of each message processed. I suspect that the TCP stack of the server is getting overwhelmed by all the traffic. What are some commands/metrics that I can use to confirm this, and in case this is true, what is the best way to alleviate this bottleneck? PS I posted this on StackOverflow originally. One person suggested snoop and dtrace. dtrace seems pretty general - are there any additional pointers on how to use it to diagnose TCP issues?

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• monitoring TCP/IP performance on Solaris

  - by Andy Faibishenko

  I am trying to tune a high message traffic system running on Solaris. The architecture is a large number (600) of clients which connect via TCP to a big Solaris server and then send/receive relatively small messages (.5 to 1K payload) at high rates. The goal is to minimize the latency of each message processed. I suspect that the TCP stack of the server is getting overwhelmed by all the traffic. What are some commands/metrics that I can use to confirm this, and in case this is true, what is the best way to alleviate this bottleneck?

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• How to synchronize users, passwords, hosts, etc without NIS

  - by joshxdr

  I am administering a very small solaris 2.6 network with 4 boxes total. Is it possible to use scp or similar to replace NIS for synchronizing users, groups, hosts, etc? This network is only a small part of my job and I don't want to spend too much time on it, and I am worried the setup and maintenence of NIS will not pay off. I need it to behave like a proper multi-user system, when a user logs into any machine, the users, passwords, hosts, etc. are always the same. Is there an easy way to do this with scp? Right now I copy /etc/passwd from one box to another with scp, but sometimes I make mistakes or forget a step, and scp inside of shell scripts don't seem to works so well since they require password authentication. Any recommendations would be welcome.

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• What is the correct term for the number of bits used by an operating system

  - by benc

  Recently, some discussions came up about 32 bit vs. 64 bit implementations of operating systems. While I was composing a message about this topic, I realized that I did not know if there was a correct term for the number of bits supported by an operating system. For example, various versions of Solaris and Linux have 32bit and 64bit releases. Is the distinction "architecture"? In my experience, that has referred to chip types (Intel vs. PPC). Is it a "release"? Typically, I think of a release as a version number a consistent feature set, that might run on different architectures. Maybe it is just "architecture", after all, even though a chip family might have used several different bit sizes over time, the chips themselves are different when you jump from 32bit to 64bit.

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• Issue with multiple bridging for KVM hosts

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I'm using KVM and libvirt on my host (Debian lenny) + 2 bridges per guest (one for mgmt, one for public traffic). That setup isn't stable at all, sometimes I can do pings to a management ip, sometimes not. I don't know if my bridging paramateres are correct, could you check ? or if there is anything wrong ... Please also note that interface on guest doesn't flap and that I got not logs on my host. Of course forwarding is enabled. iface eth3 inet manual auto bond0 iface bond0 inet manual slaves eth1 eth2 pre-up ip link set bond0 up down ip link set bond0 down auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10.160.0.7 netmask 255.255.255.128 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br0:1 iface br0:1 inet static address 10.160.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br0:2 iface br0:2 inet static address 10.160.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 217.4.40.242 netmask 255.255.255.240 gateway 217.4.40.241 pre-up /etc/network/firewall start bridge_ports bond0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br1:1 iface br1:1 inet static address 217.4.40.252 netmask 255.255.255.240 auto br1:2 iface br1:2 inet static address 217.4.40.253 netmask 255.255.255.240

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• OpenSolaris won't authenticate to OpenLDAP users with md5 passwords

  - by palmer

  I have an OpenSolaris machine here; I'm using it for the first time because I want to try out ZFS. ZFS itself is working great, but I cannot get opensolaris to authenticate against our openldap directory running on Linux with md5 or sha passwords; only crypt passwords work. I'd prefer not to have to use crypt passwords; is there some magic setting I'm missing that will enable md5 passwords to authenticate?

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• What filesystem comes closest to matching NTFS for support of ACLs, and highly-granular permissioning?

  - by warren

  It seems that most other filesystems handle the basic *nix permissions (ugo±rwx), with maybe an addition here or there. Or can be "made" to handle ACLs through the use of other tools on top of the system. On the wikipedia pages about filesystems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%5Fof%5Ffile%5Fsystems & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%5Fof%5Ffile%5Fsystems), it appears that while some do support extended meta-data, none support natively the level of permissioning that NTFS does. Am I wrong in this understanding?

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• log in to v20z console using serial management

  - by conandor

  I have a Netra T1 (SPARC) which has LOM that enable to log in to the OS console locally for troubleshooting without plug in a monitor and keyboard. I also have a SunFire V20z (x86) which has a SP. However I do not find any equivalent command to reach the console. It would not be ideal for me to bring along monitor and keyboard to the data center for troubleshooting locally. For example, I accidentally messup the OS network configuration and unable to log in the OS. I have to log to the console through serial management/LOM to troubleshoot it. However it seem doesn't work in x86 machine. Is there anyway I can able to do the same thing on x86 machine?

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• Cached css/javascript files on Sun Java System Web Server

  - by Derp

  I'm doing front-end web development in a Solaris 10 / Sun Java System Web Server 7.0U2 environment. I have noticed that changes to static css or javascript files often do not take effect immediately, whereas changes to static html files always do. My best guess is that a default setting in the web server causes it to cache certain file types in order to provide reasonable performance out of the box. I don't have the admin server running--I'll need to edit the config files by hand. What change(s) can I make so that all of my css and javascript edits take effect immediately? Thanks!

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• Most efficient RAID configuration with 6 disks?

  - by Bob King

  I have a hand-me-down server that I'm setting up at home and it's got 6 72Gb hard disks (as well as 2 18Gb drives that I'm using for the OS). What is the best way to configure those 6 drives? Should I RAID 5 or 6, or go with something simpler, like mirroring? I'm planning to use it to hold a source control repository, and possibly data for a development SQL server. The machine has a hardware raid controller. It is an old IBM server.

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• How to make Windows Media Player play only audio of video files - Windows 7

  - by blasteralfred

  Usually, for any video file, Windows Media Player plays video along with audio, unless user press mute, so that only video comes out. In such a way reverse, is it possible to make media player play videos in which audio may come out, not video, and media player may show a blank screen or default animation instead of video? I use Windows 7. Is it possible to play videos without displaying video in Windows Media Player 12

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• htaccess on remote server issues - password prompt not accepting input

  - by pying saucepan

  EDIT: I will contact the university about my problem after labor day weekend, but I thought if someone knew a quick fix that I haven't tried, or if the problem has an obvious fix then I could hope to try my luck here, thanks! TLDR: Sorry its a long post, I thought I should be... thorough. I am having a common issue (found a dead thread through google with no solution to the same problem) with the prompt to enter in a username and password via htaccess rights, but this prompt will keep popping up asking for a username and password when trying to access my home directory on my university's server which has the .htaccess and .htpasswd files. It does not matter if I enter in correct or incorrect credentials, the prompt will keep asking me for input without displaying my home directory. Ever since I have included these ht files I have never once been able to get past the username/password no matter what I have tried, save for removing them from the directory I am trying to access (my top level directory that I own). This kind of served my original goal of making the top level directory inaccessible to casual users, but if I wanted to use this method on other places, I would want it to work as intended. And I also like it when computers do what I wish they would, so any help is appreciated. Some things I have tried: Changing the file/directory access rights: they told me to try these commands if people can't access my files cd ~/public_html find ./ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; find ./ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; enter in the single character name/pw at least twenty times in a row, no cheddar. so I changed directory with cd ~ in hopes that this would be my home directory, since my home directory contains the "public_html" directory, so logic tells me that the ~ tilde symbol is the top level directory that I have ownership of. Then I did those two commands to change the rights on the files inside, I am still having no luck. How I got to this point: I have been following the instructions given to me through my university's website for setting up my little directory. A link on how they describe how to password protect the home directory is given below: "Protect Web Directories" instructions I have everything in order except for one small detail that I feel probably does not matter. I am on windows and so I am using winSCP to remote control my allocated server space. The small detail is that as the instructions indicate (on step 3) that I should use the command htpasswd -c .htpasswd {username} where {username} is my folder that holds my allocated server space. But this command requires further input through the terminal, and unfortunately winSCP does not offer this kind of functionality. So I looked up some basic instructions on using htaccess and it is formatted correctly such that the .htaccess file appears as follows: AuthType Basic AuthName "Verify" AuthUserFile /correctpath/.htpasswd require valid-user and this file is in the root directory for my server space as well as the .htpasswd file which has only this data inside: username:password I know for sure that these two files must be formatted correctly, at least according to their tutorial, because before my path was incorrectly formatted via including some curly { braces } without knowing the correct way to do this at first. And the password prompt that shows up when accessing my directory responded by loading an error page indicating to contact OSU admin or something not important. But now that I have everything like it 'should' be. I know this because when I enter in my credentials "username and password" the prompt pops up for my username and password again and again whether or not I enter in correct information. The only exception is that if I click cancel it will direct me to a page saying that I need to enter in a username and password. Note that I am very inexperienced at server-related buisness, two days ago I couldn't have told you what a website actually consists of. So, if you use some technical jargon I may or may not need to look it up and get back to you before I actually understand what you mean, but I am a quick learner and it probably wont matter.

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