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Articles indexed in March 2012

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  • Need help again altering output of script

    - by Aaron
    wget --output-document=- http://runescape.com/title.ws 2>/dev/null \ | grep PlayerCount \ | head -1l \ | sed 's/^[^>]*>//' \ | sed "s/currently.*$/$(date '+%m\/%d\/%Y %H:%m:%S')/" \ | cut -d">" -f 3,4 \ | sed 's/<\/span>//' \ | awk '{print $3, $4, $1, $2}' Will output: 03/19/2012 18:03:58 123,822 people Would anyone be able to help me rewrite this so the output looks like: 03/19/2012 18:03:58,123822,people I need it this way because when I import it into googledocs, everything with a comma gets separated. Thanks if you help!

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  • How I can get information about the scrollbars of an Webbrowser control instance or the IE Webrowser?

    - by Salvador
    I need to get information about the scrollbars (position, size, visibility) of a Webbrowser control of an external application, I tried using the GetScrollBarInfo function from my previous question, but the function always return false, I checked this function with another applications and works fine , but not with the IE or the Webbrowser control. So how I can get information about the scrollbars of an Webbrowser control instance or the IE Webbrowser?

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  • wpf get access to other classes

    - by Calvin
    I am currently working on a wpf application. There are some methods in other classes in which I want to trigger to do some work instead of trying to figure out how to rewrite them in. How is it that I can get to those classes? Would I have to for example instantiate the class? If so, once I instantiate it, how would I be able access them. Keep in mind that these classes have abstract classes on top of abstract classes.

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  • How do I return an array from a method?

    - by dwwilson66
    I'm trying to create a deck of cards for my homework. Code is posted below. I need to create four sets of cards (the four suits) and am create a multidimensional array. When I print the results instead of trying to pass the array, I can see that the data in the array is as expected. However, when I try to pass the array card, I get an error cannot find symbol. I've got this modeled after texbook and Java tutorial examples, and I need some help figuring out what I'm missing. I've over-documented to give an idea of how I'm thinking this SHOULD work...please let me know where I've gone horribly wrong in my understanding. import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; // public class CardGame { public static int[][] main(String[] args) { int[][] startDeck = deckOfCards(); /* cast new deck as int[][], calling method deckOfCards System.out.println(" /// from array: " + Arrays.deepToString(startDeck)); } public static int[][] deckOfCards() /* method to return a multi-dimensional array */ { int rank; int suit; for(rank=1;rank<14;rank++) /* cards 1 - 13 .... */ { for(suit=1;suit<5;suit++) /* suits 1 - 4 .... */ { int[][] card = new int[][] /* define a new card... */ { {rank,suit} /* with rank/suit from for... loops */ }; System.out.println(" /// from array: " + Arrays.deepToString(card)); } } return card; /* Error: cannot find symbol } }

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  • jQuery .val Enigma between two input boxes

    - by Matt
    I'm trying to get it so that if I move a red div-square around the screen using jQuery UI and jQuery, then an input field updates with the position of the div. I got that working with a simple .val. But, it's hard to explain why, but I need to make it so that when I move the square, it updates my input box, and when the input box value is changed, another input box reflects the new value of the old input box. Do I make any sense, coz I'm confusing myself :). I made a jsfiddle, so perhaps it'll make more sense there. If you move the red square, then the input box directly above it updates, but the input box above that does not, even though it is programmed to reflect the value of the input box below itself. P.S. Is this specific to only jQuery, or is this problem present in all of JavaScript. Thanks! http://jsfiddle.net/xmCsq/27/

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  • "Volkswagen Passat" Navigation

    - by joe_midi
    http://web.vw.com/all-new-passat-experience/ The navigation on this .swf is very impressive, and I was wondering how I would go about replicating it. The way each of the sections Design / Technology / Safety / Performance I want to know how each section can expand and still fit together. I've started with MOUSE_OVER events, but I'm not entirely sure how to order them so each section is the right size for every mouse over Event. This is the code I have for each "Section", I have created a movie clip with a Mask that expands on mouse over and brings the selected clip to the highest depth. this.firstButton01.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER, firstButton01OVER) function firstButton01OVER(e:Event):void { this.firstButton01.gotoAndPlay(2); this.setChildIndex(firstButton01,this.numChildren-1); }

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  • Downloading Large JSON File to local file using Java

    - by user1279675
    I'm attempting to download a JSON from the following URL - http://api.crunchbase.com/v/1/companies.js - to a local file. I'm using Java 1.7 and the following JSON Libraries - http://www.json.org/java/ - to attempt to make it work. Here's my code: public static void download(String address, String localFileName) { OutputStream out = null; URLConnection conn = null; InputStream in = null; try { URL url = new URL(address); out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(localFileName)); conn = url.openConnection(); in = conn.getInputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int numRead; long numWritten = 0; while ((numRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) { out.write(buffer, 0, numRead); numWritten += numRead; System.out.println(buffer.length); System.out.println(" " + buffer.hashCode()); } System.out.println(localFileName + "\t" + numWritten); } catch (Exception exception) { exception.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (in != null) { in.close(); } if (out != null) { out.close(); } } catch (IOException ioe) { } } } When I run the code everything seems to work until midway through the loop the program seems to stop and not continue reading the JSON Object. Does anyone know why this would stop reading? How could I fix the issue?

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  • TFS: cannot build my app, CS0042: Unexpected error creating debug information file. Access is denied.

    - by zeta
    I am trying to deploy my MVC app, but in the TFS build I get this error message; CSC : fatal error CS0042: Unexpected error creating debug information file 'c:\Builds\2\STAS\STAS\Sources\Documents and Settings\jyothisrinivasa\My Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\STAS\STAS\obj\Debug\STAS.PDB' -- 'c:\Builds\2\STAS\STAS\Sources\Documents and Settings\jyothisrinivasa\My Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\STAS\STAS\obj\Debug\STAS.pdb: Access is denied. I have excluded the Debug directory from my application, so why am I getting this?

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  • Debug Symbols not loading

    - by FunkyFresh84
    I am trying to enable visual studio to step through the .net framework source code when I am debugging. I have tried with both Visual Web-Developer-Express-2010 and Visual-Studio-2011-Express-For-Web and I am getting the same problem with each. When I get to the break point at the .net method I wish to step into I do right-clickstep-into-specificclick-method-to-step-into. Then VS opens a new tab. saying it couldn't find or load the symbols. It gives a list of the assembly symbols it looked for. There is also a 'Load Symbols hyperlink which doesn't work. And another hyperlink that takes me to the debug settings dialog. I have read tutorials on how to set it up and have believe I have the correct settings. In the debugging general settings I have - enable address-level debugging - checked enable source server support - checked enable .net framework source stepping - checked enable just my code - not checked In the debugging symbol settings I have - symbol file (.pdb) locations - Microsoft Symbol Servers - checked Caching Directory - C:\Users\MyAccount\AppData\Local\Temp\SymbolCache Automatically load symbols for: all modules unless excluded - checked Why is it not working? Thank you for your help. edit: here is a screenshot of the error VS is giving me.

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  • Choosing between Facebook iframe scrollbar or page cut off halfway

    - by pg.
    I have an iframe tab in facebook. I used "overflow:hidden" in the body tag and this code at the bottom of my page: <div id="fb-root"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : 'MY_APP_ID', status : true, // check login status cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access the session xfbml : true // parse XFBML }); FB.Canvas.setAutoResize(100); }; (function() { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.async = true; e.src = document.location.protocol + '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js'; document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e); }()); </script> This removes the scrollbars and resizes the iframe. The problem is that my page is cut off after about 800px (that leaves about 400px). I've set the height in facebook to "fluid". It works absolutely fine in every other browser but not in IE8. As a side question, why does IE still exist? It's the absolute worst thing. Anyways, I added this to the head: <!--[if IE]> <style> body{overflow-y:scroll;} </style> <![endif]--> But that just gets me back to having the scrollbars again.

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  • Using Nokogiri to scrape groupon deal

    - by hyngyn
    I'm following the Nokogiri railscast to write a scraper for Groupon. I keep on getting the following error when I run my rb file. traveldeal_scrape.rb:10: warning: regular expression has ']' without escape: /\[0-9 \.]+/ Flamingo Conference Resort and Spa Deal of the Day | Groupon Napa / Sonoma traveldeal_scrape.rb:9:in `block in <main>': undefined local variable or method `item' for main:Object (NameError) Here is my scrape file. require 'rubygems' require 'nokogiri' require 'open-uri' url = "http://www.groupon.com/deals/ga-flamingo-conferences-resort-spa?c=all&p=0" doc = Nokogiri::HTML(open(url)) puts doc.at_css("title").text doc.css(".deal").each do |deal| title = deal.at_css("#content//a").text price = deal.at_css("#amount").text[/\[0-9\.]+/] puts "#{title} - #{price}" puts deal.at_css(".deal")[:href] end I used the exact same rubular expression as the tutorial. I am also unsure of whether or not my CSS tags are correct. Thanks!

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  • How should flushing be handled in a doctrine EntityManager instance shared across different services in symfony2?

    - by Jbm
    I have defined several services in symfony 2 which persist changes to the database. These services have the doctrine instance as one of their dependencies: a.given.service: class: Acme\TestBundle\Service\AGivenService arguments: [@doctrine] If I have two different services and both of them persist objects through the EntityManager, which is obtained like this from the doctrine instance: $em = $doctrine->getEntityManager(); Would all services always share the same EntityManager? If so, how should I handle flushing if I wanted to handle all the changes in a single transaction? I have checked this: http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.0.x/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html and it explains how to handle different transactions in a request, but I want to achieve the opposite, which is having different changes in different services handled as a single transaction. Is there a better approach to handle multiple changes in different services? For now my best bet is having a front-end service in charge of calling the other services and doing the flushing afterwards. Backend services would persist objects but would not do any flushing.

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  • Is it possible to programmatically switch error log providers with ELMAH?

    - by Ralph Lavelle
    Is it possible to switch from using the XML provider to SQL Server using ELMAH? I need to investigate this option because of the fallibility of our SQL Server where our ELMAH errors are stored. I want to be able to fail gracefully and continue logging to XML if the server fails. I can see that programmatic connection string switching is possible, and I see that ELMAH Issue 149 announces the programmatic configuration of default error log, but I can't actually see any code examples anywhere, so I'm not too sure if this is possible. I'm guessing it is, in which case does anyone know for sure? My question is similar to this one, except that I want to try and log errors to SQL Server, and if that fails switch to XML, not log to all stores all the time.

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  • mvc partial views loses track of the images folder when using jquery

    - by jvelez
    This is what I have and it works: $(function(){ $('.slide-out-div').tabSlideOut({ tabHandle: '.handle', //class of the element that will become your tab pathToTabImage: 'http://mhmiisdev2/images/contact_tab.gif', //path to the image for the tab //Optionally can be set using css imageHeight: '122px', //height of tab image //Optionally can be set using css imageWidth: '40px', //width of tab image //Optionally can be set using css tabLocation: 'right', //side of screen where tab lives, top, right, bottom, or left speed: 300, //speed of animation action: 'click', //options: 'click' or 'hover', action to trigger animation topPos: '200px', //position from the top/ use if tabLocation is left or right leftPos: '20px', //position from left/ use if tabLocation is bottom or top fixedPosition: true //options: true makes it stick(fixed position) on scroll }); }); This is what I want and it doesnt work when I change from one controller to another controller. NOTICE THE IMAGE PATH IS NOT ABSOLUTE $(function(){ $('.slide-out-div').tabSlideOut({ tabHandle: '.handle', //class of the element that will become your tab pathToTabImage: '/images/contact_tab.gif', //path to the image for the tab //Optionally can be set using css imageHeight: '122px', //height of tab image //Optionally can be set using css imageWidth: '40px', //width of tab image //Optionally can be set using css tabLocation: 'right', //side of screen where tab lives, top, right, bottom, or left speed: 300, //speed of animation action: 'click', //options: 'click' or 'hover', action to trigger animation topPos: '200px', //position from the top/ use if tabLocation is left or right leftPos: '20px', //position from left/ use if tabLocation is bottom or top fixedPosition: true //options: true makes it stick(fixed position) on scroll }); }); the html for completeness.... <div class="slide-out-div"> <a class="handle" href="http://link-for-non-js-users.html">Content</a> <h3>Medical Variance Reports</h3> <div> <ul> <li><a href="http://mhmssrs2/Reports/Pages/Report.aspx?" target="_blank">Individual Medicines</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> I suspect somehow pathToTabImage: /images/contact_tab.gif' loses its context when browsing throught controllers. Help me understand...

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  • A compiler for automata theory

    - by saadtaame
    I'm designing a programming language for automata theory. My goal is to allow programmers to use machines (DFA, NFA, etc...) as units in expressions. I'm confused whether the language should be compiled, interpreted, or jit-compiled! My intuition is that compilation is a good choice, for some operations might take too much time (converting NFA's to equivalent DFA's can be expensive). Translating to x86 seems good. There is one issue however: I want the user to be able to plot machines. Any ideas?

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  • Faster way to convert from 24 bit wav pcm format to float?

    - by LMO
    I need to read data in from a wav file in 24 bit pcm format, and convert to float. I'm using Python 2.7.2. The wave package reads the data in as a string, so what I've tried is: # read in entire wav file wdata = f.readframes(nFrames) # unpack into signed integers and convert to float data = array.array('f') for i in range(0,nFrames*3,3): data.append(float(struct.unpack('<i', '\x00'+ wdata[i:i+3])[0])) # normalize sample values data = data / 0x800000 This is quite a bit faster than my earlier approaches, but still quite slow. Can anyone suggest a more efficient method?

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  • How to get pixel information inside a fragment shader?

    - by user697111
    In my fragment shader I can load a texture, then do this: uniform sampler2D tex; void main(void) { vec4 color = texture2D(tex, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = color; } That sets the current pixel to color value of texture. I can modify these, etc and it works well. But a few questions. How do I tell "which" pixel I am? For example, say I want to set pixel 100,100 (x,y) to red. Everything else to black. How do I do a : "if currentSelf.Position() == (100,100); then color=red; else color=black?" ? I know how to set colors, but how do I get "my" location? Secondly, how do I get values from a neighbor pixel? I tried this: vec4 nextColor = texture2D(tex, gl_TexCoord[1].st); But not clear what it is returning? if I'm pixel 100,100; how do I get the values from 101,100 or 100,101?

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  • Tableview not updating correctly after adding person

    - by tazboy
    I have to be missing something simple here but it escapes me. After the user enters a new person to a mutable array I want to update the table. The mutable array is the datasource. I believe my issue lies within cellForRowAtIndexPath. - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { TextFieldCell *customCell = (TextFieldCell *)[tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"TextCellID"]; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"cell"]; if (indexPath.row == 0) { if (customCell == nil) { NSArray *nibObjects = [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"TextFieldCell" owner:nil options:nil]; for (id currentObject in nibObjects) { if ([currentObject isKindOfClass:[TextFieldCell class]]) customCell = (TextFieldCell *)currentObject; } } customCell.nameTextField.delegate = self; cell = customCell; } else { if (cell == nil) { cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:@"cell"]; cell.textLabel.text = [[self.peopleArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row-1] name]; NSLog(@"PERSON AT ROW %d = %@", indexPath.row-1, [[self.peopleArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row-1] name]); NSLog(@"peopleArray's Size = %d", [self.peopleArray count]); } } return cell; } When I first load the view everything is great. This is what prints: PERSON AT ROW 0 = Melissa peopleArray's Size = 2 PERSON AT ROW 1 = Dave peopleArray's Size = 2 After I add someone to that array I get this: PERSON AT ROW 1 = Dave peopleArray's Size = 3 PERSON AT ROW 2 = Tom peopleArray's Size = 3 When I add a second person I get: PERSON AT ROW 2 = Tom peopleArray's Size = 4 PERSON AT ROW 3 = Ralph peopleArray's Size = 4 Why is not printing everyone in the array? This pattern continues and it only ever prints two people, and it's always the last two people. What the heck am I missing?

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  • text in textbox shows up as circles instead of regular characters?

    - by BlueMonster
    When i type in either of the textboxes i get little circles appearing instead of text. Why is this happening and how do i stop it? Code is as follows: HTML: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="MainPage.aspx.cs" Inherits="Foods.MainPage" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title></title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link id="Link1" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Styles/mainStyle.css"/> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div class = "userIDTboxDiv"> <div class = "userIDTboxText"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Enter User ID: </div> <asp:TextBox id="userIDBox" TextMode="password" runat="server" Height="52px" Width="200px" /> </div> <div class = "passwordTboxDiv"> <div class = "passwordTboxText"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Enter User Password: </div> <asp:TextBox id="TextBox1" TextMode="password" runat="server" Height="52px" Width="200px" /> </div> </form> </body> CSS: body { text-decoration:none; background: white; } input { margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; } .userIDTboxDiv { padding-top: 20%; padding-left: 45%; width: 15%; height: 30%; } .userIDTboxText { padding-left: 17%; height: auto; width:203px; } .passwordTboxDiv { padding-top: 2%; padding-left: 45%; width: 15%; height: 111px; } .passwordTboxText { padding-left: 10%; height: auto; width:203px; }

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  • How to select table column names in a view and pass to controller in rails?

    - by zachd1_618
    So I am new to Rails, and OO programming in general. I have some grasp of the MVC architecture. My goal is to make a (nearly) completely dynamic plug-and-play plotting web server. I am fairly confused with params, forms, and select helpers. What I want to do is use Rails drop downs to basically pass parameters as strings to my controller, which will use the params to select certain column data from my database and plot it dynamically. I have the latter part of the task working, but I can't seem to pass values from my view to controller. For simplicity's sake, say my database schema looks like this: --------------Plot--------------- |____x____|____y1____|____y2____| | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 4 | 16 | | 5 | 5 | 25 | ... and in my Model, I have dynamic selector scopes that will let me select just certain columns of data: in Plot.rb class Plot < ActiveRecord::Base scope :select_var, lambda {|varname| select(varname)} scope :between_x, lambda {|x1,x2| where("x BETWEEN ? and ?","#{x1}","#{x2}")} So this way, I can call: irb>>@p1 = Plot.select_var(['x','y1']).between_x(1,3) and get in return a class where @p1.x and @p1.y1 are my only attributes, only for values between x=1 to x=4, which I dynamically plot. I want to start off in a view (plot/index), where I can dynamically select which variable names (table column names), and which rows from the database to fetch and plot. The problem is, most select helpers don't seem to work with columns in the database, only rows. So to select columns, I first get an array of column names that exist in my database with a function I wrote. Plots Controller def index d=Plot.first @tags = d.list_vars end So @tags = ['x','y1','y2'] Then in my plot/index.html.erb I try to use a drop down to select wich variables I send back to the controller. index.html.erb <%= select_tag( :variable, options_for_select(@plots.first.list_vars,:name,:multiple=>:true) )%> <%= button_to 'Plot now!', :controller =>"plots/plot_vars", :variable => params[:variable]%> Finally, in the controller again Plots controller ... def plot_vars @plot_data=Plot.select_vars([params[:variable]]) end The problem is everytime I try this (or one of a hundred variations thereof), the params[:variable] is nill. How can I use a drop down to pass a parameter with string variable names to the controller? Sorry its so long, I have been struggling with this for about a month now. :-( I think my biggest problem is that this setup doesn't really match the Rails architecture. I don't have "users" and "articles" as individual entities. I really have a data structure, not a data object. Trying to work with the structure in terms of data object speak is not necessarily the easiest thing to do I think. For background: My actual database has about 250 columns and a couple million rows, and they get changed and modified from time to time. I know I can make the database smarter, but its not worth it on my end. I work at a scientific institute where there are a ton of projects with databases just like this. Each one has a web developer that spends months setting up a web interface and their own janky plotting setups. I want to make this completely dynamic, as a plug-and-play solution so all you have to do is specify your database connection, and this rails setup will automatically show and plot which data you want in it. I am more of a sequential programmer and number cruncher, as are many people here. I think this project could be very helpful in the end, but its difficult to figure out for me right now.

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  • Trigger a form submit from within an AJAX callback using jQuery

    - by Yarin
    I want to perform an ajax request right before my form is submitted. I want to trigger the form submit from my ajax callback, but when I try to trigger the submit, I get the following error: Uncaught TypeError: Property 'submit' of object # is not a function Here is the entire code: <form method="post" action="http://www.google.com" > <input type="text" name="email" id="test" size="20" /> <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <script> function do_ajax() { var jqxhr = $.get("#", function(){ $('form').submit(); }); } $(function() { $('#submit').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); do_ajax(); }); }); </script> Stumped.

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  • which loop is faster?

    - by Mansuro
    I have this loop for (it= someCollection.iterator; it.hasNext(); ) { //some code here } I changed it to: for (it= someCollection.iterator;; ) { if (!it.hasNext()) break; //some code here } The second code ran a little bit faster in unit tests in junit on eclipse. Is the second loop faster? I'm asking because the times given by Junit are not too exact, but they give an approximate value

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Of LINQ and Lambdas - A Presentation

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Today I’m giving a brief beginner’s guide to LINQ and Lambdas at the St. Louis .NET User’s Group so I thought I’d post the presentation here as well.  I updated the presentation a bit as well as added some notes on the query syntax.  Enjoy! The C#/.NET Fundaments: Of Lambdas and LINQ Presentation Of Lambdas and LINQ View more presentations from BlackRabbitCoder   Technorati Tags: C#, CSharp, .NET, Little Wonders, LINQ, Lambdas

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  • Why do we (really) program to interfaces?

    - by Kyle Burns
    One of the earliest lessons I was taught in Enterprise development was "always program against an interface".  This was back in the VB6 days and I quickly learned that no code would be allowed to move to the QA server unless my business objects and data access objects each are defined as an interface and have a matching implementation class.  Why?  "It's more reusable" was one answer.  "It doesn't tie you to a specific implementation" a slightly more knowing answer.  And let's not forget the discussion ending "it's a standard".  The problem with these responses was that senior people didn't really understand the reason we were doing the things we were doing and because of that, we were entirely unable to realize the intent behind the practice - we simply used interfaces and had a bunch of extra code to maintain to show for it. It wasn't until a few years later that I finally heard the term "Inversion of Control".  Simply put, "Inversion of Control" takes the creation of objects that used to be within the control (and therefore a responsibility of) of your component and moves it to some outside force.  For example, consider the following code which follows the old "always program against an interface" rule in the manner of many corporate development shops: 1: ICatalog catalog = new Catalog(); 2: Category[] categories = catalog.GetCategories(); In this example, I met the requirement of the rule by declaring the variable as ICatalog, but I didn't hit "it doesn't tie you to a specific implementation" because I explicitly created an instance of the concrete Catalog object.  If I want to test the functionality of the code I just wrote I have to have an environment in which Catalog can be created along with any of the resources upon which it depends (e.g. configuration files, database connections, etc) in order to test my functionality.  That's a lot of setup work and one of the things that I think ultimately discourages real buy-in of unit testing in many development shops. So how do I test my code without needing Catalog to work?  A very primitive approach I've seen is to change the line the instantiates catalog to read: 1: ICatalog catalog = new FakeCatalog();   once the test is run and passes, the code is switched back to the real thing.  This obviously poses a huge risk for introducing test code into production and in my opinion is worse than just keeping the dependency and its associated setup work.  Another popular approach is to make use of Factory methods which use an object whose "job" is to know how to obtain a valid instance of the object.  Using this approach, the code may look something like this: 1: ICatalog catalog = CatalogFactory.GetCatalog();   The code inside the factory is responsible for deciding "what kind" of catalog is needed.  This is a far better approach than the previous one, but it does make projects grow considerably because now in addition to the interface, the real implementation, and the fake implementation(s) for testing you have added a minimum of one factory (or at least a factory method) for each of your interfaces.  Once again, developers say "that's too complicated and has me writing a bunch of useless code" and quietly slip back into just creating a new Catalog and chalking any test failures up to "it will probably work on the server". This is where software intended specifically to facilitate Inversion of Control comes into play.  There are many libraries that take on the Inversion of Control responsibilities in .Net and most of them have many pros and cons.  From this point forward I'll discuss concepts from the standpoint of the Unity framework produced by Microsoft's Patterns and Practices team.  I'm primarily focusing on this library because it questions about it inspired this posting. At Unity's core and that of most any IoC framework is a catalog or registry of components.  This registry can be configured either through code or using the application's configuration file and in the most simple terms says "interface X maps to concrete implementation Y".  It can get much more complicated, but I want to keep things at the "what does it do" level instead of "how does it do it".  The object that exposes most of the Unity functionality is the UnityContainer.  This object exposes methods to configure the catalog as well as the Resolve<T> method which is used to obtain an instance of the type represented by T.  When using the Resolve<T> method, Unity does not necessarily have to just "new up" the requested object, but also can track dependencies of that object and ensure that the entire dependency chain is satisfied. There are three basic ways that I have seen Unity used within projects.  Those are through classes directly using the Unity container, classes requiring injection of dependencies, and classes making use of the Service Locator pattern. The first usage of Unity is when classes are aware of the Unity container and directly call its Resolve method whenever they need the services advertised by an interface.  The up side of this approach is that IoC is utilized, but the down side is that every class has to be aware that Unity is being used and tied directly to that implementation. Many developers don't like the idea of as close a tie to specific IoC implementation as is represented by using Unity within all of your classes and for the most part I agree that this isn't a good idea.  As an alternative, classes can be designed for Dependency Injection.  Dependency Injection is where a force outside the class itself manipulates the object to provide implementations of the interfaces that the class needs to interact with the outside world.  This is typically done either through constructor injection where the object has a constructor that accepts an instance of each interface it requires or through property setters accepting the service providers.  When using dependency, I lean toward the use of constructor injection because I view the constructor as being a much better way to "discover" what is required for the instance to be ready for use.  During resolution, Unity looks for an injection constructor and will attempt to resolve instances of each interface required by the constructor, throwing an exception of unable to meet the advertised needs of the class.  The up side of this approach is that the needs of the class are very clearly advertised and the class is unaware of which IoC container (if any) is being used.  The down side of this approach is that you're required to maintain the objects passed to the constructor as instance variables throughout the life of your object and that objects which coordinate with many external services require a lot of additional constructor arguments (this gets ugly and may indicate a need for refactoring). The final way that I've seen and used Unity is to make use of the ServiceLocator pattern, of which the Patterns and Practices team has also provided a Unity-compatible implementation.  When using the ServiceLocator, your class calls ServiceLocator.Retrieve in places where it would have called Resolve on the Unity container.  Like using Unity directly, it does tie you directly to the ServiceLocator implementation and makes your code aware that dependency injection is taking place, but it does have the up side of giving you the freedom to swap out the underlying IoC container if necessary.  I'm not hugely concerned with hiding IoC entirely from the class (I view this as a "nice to have"), so the single biggest problem that I see with the ServiceLocator approach is that it provides no way to proactively advertise needs in the way that constructor injection does, allowing more opportunity for difficult to track runtime errors. This blog entry has not been intended in any way to be a definitive work on IoC, but rather as something to spur thought about why we program to interfaces and some ways to reach the intended value of the practice instead of having it just complicate your code.  I hope that it helps somebody begin or continue a journey away from being a "Cargo Cult Programmer".

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  • Connecting a LAN to an OpenVPN server via a windows 7 client gateway

    - by user705142
    I've got OpenVPN set up between my windows 7 client and linux server. The goal is that I'll get secure access to a webapp running on the server from any computer on the client LAN. I'm using ccd to assign static ip addresses to each client connection, with key authentication. It's working on my client machine (10.83.41.9), and when you go to the gateway IP address (10.83.41.1), it loads up the webapp. Now I really need the other computers on the client LAN to be able to connect to the webapp as well, via the windows machine. The client has a static IP address of 192.168.2.100 on the LAN, and I've enabled IP forwarding in windows (confirmed by ipconfig /all). In my router I've forwarded 10.83.41.1 / 255.255.255.255 to 192.168.2.100. In server.conf I have.. route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 And in the office ccd.. ifconfig-push 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10 iroute 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 The client log is as follows: Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.2 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL] [LZO2] [PKCS11] built on Dec 15 2011 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 LZO compression initialized Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[8192->8192] S=[64512->64512] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:1450 EF:58 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '9e7066d2' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '162b04de' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link remote: 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 TLS: Initial packet from 111.65.224.202:1194, sid=ceb04c22 8cc6d151 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Replay-window backtrack occurred [1] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:58 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.83.41.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10' Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=192.168.2.1 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-WIN32 device [OpenVPN] opened: \\.\Global\{B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F}.tap Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 Driver Version 9.9 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 MTU=1500 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of 10.83.41.9/255.255.255.252 on interface {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} [DHCP-serv: 10.83.41.10, lease-time: 31536000] Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Successful ARP Flush on interface [45] {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 TEST ROUTES: 1/1 succeeded len=1 ret=1 a=0 u/d=up Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 C:\WINDOWS\system32\route.exe ADD 10.83.41.1 MASK 255.255.255.255 10.83.41.10 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed From the other machines I can ping 192.169.2.100, but not 10.83.41.1. In the how-to, it mentions "Make sure your network interface is in promiscuous mode." as well. I can't find in the windows network config, so this may or may not be part of it. Ideally this would be achieved without any special configuration the other LAN computers. Not sure how far I'm going to get on my own at this point, any ideas? Is there something I'm missing, or anything I should need to know?

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