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  • atol(), atof(), atoi() function behaviours, is there a stable way to convert from/to string/integer

    - by Berkay
    In these days i'm playing with the C functions of atol(), atof() and atoi(), from a blog post i find a tutorial and applied: here are my results: void main() char a[10],b[10]; puts("Enter the value of a"); gets(a); puts("Enter the value of b"); gets(b); printf("%s+%s=%ld and %s-%s=%ld",a,b,(atol(a)+atol(b)),a,b,(atol(a)-atol(b))); getch(); } there is atof() which returns the float value of the string and atoi() which returns integer value. now to see the difference between the 3 i checked this code: main() { char a[]={"2545.965"}; printf("atol=%ld\t atof=%f\t atoi=%d\t\n",atol(a),atof(a),atoi(a)); } the output will be atol=2545 atof=2545.965000 atoi=2545 char a[]={“heyyou”}; now when you run the program the following will be the output (why?, is there any solution to convert pure strings to integer?) atol=0 atof=0 atoi=0 the string should contain numeric value now modify this program as char a[]={“007hey”}; the output in this case(tested in Red hat) will be atol=7 atof=7.000000 atoi=7 so the functions has taken 007 only not the remaining part (why?) Now consider this char a[]={“hey007?}; the output of the program will be atol=0 atof=0.000000 atoi=0 So i just want to convert my strings to number and then again to same text, i played with these functions and as you see i'm getting really interesting results? why is that? any other functions to convert from/to string/integer and vice versa?

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  • Simple C: atof giving wrong value [migrated]

    - by Doc
    I have a program that reads input from a singe line(string obviously) and organizes it into arrays. The problem I have is that at one point the program reads two different values and returns the first one twice. Initially I thought the program was reading the same value twice but when I tested it turned out that it got the correct one but is inputting the wrong one. for example Input: 2 0.90 0.75 0.7 0.65 sorry to snip it (while(fgets (string[test], sizeof(string[test]),ifp)) pch = strtok_r(NULL, " ", &prog); tem3 = atoi(pch); while (loop<tem3) { pch=strtok_r(NULL," ",&prog); venseatfloat[test][loop][DISCOUNT][OCCUPIED]=(float)atof(pch); printf("%f is discount\t",venseatfloat[test][loop][DISCOUNT][OCCUPIED]); pch=strtok_r(NULL, " ", &prog); strcpy(temp, pch); venseatfloat[test][loop][REGULAR][OCCUPIED]=(float)atof(pch); printf("%s is the string but %.3f is regular\n", temp ,venseatfloat[test][loop][DISCOUNT][OCCUPIED]); loop++; } output: >0.900000 is discount 0.75 is the string but 0.900 is regular >0.700000 is discount 0.65 is the string but 0.700 is regular What is going on?

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  • Why does OSX document atoi/atof as not being threadsafe?

    - by Larry Gritz
    I understand that strtol and strtof are preferred to atoi/atof, since the former detect errors, and also strtol is much more flexible than atoi when it comes to non-base-10. But I'm still curious about something: 'man atoi' (or atof) on OS X (though not on Linux!) mentions that atoi/atof are not threadsafe. I frankly have a hard time imagining a possible implementation of atoi or atof that would not be threadsafe. Does anybody know why the man page says this? Are these functions actually unsafe on OS X or any other platform? And if they are, why on earth wouldn't the library just define atoi in terms of strtol, and therefore be safe?

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  • Scanning, Checking, Converting, Copying values ... How to ? -- C --

    - by ZaZu
    Hi there, Its been a while now and im still trying to get a certain code to work. I asked some question about different commands etc. before, but now I hope this is the final one (combining all questions in one code). I basically want to : *Scan an input (should be character ? ) *Check if its a number *If not, return error *Convert that character into a float number *Copy the value to another variable ( I called it imp here) Here is what I came up with : #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> main(){ int digits; float imp=0; int alpha; do{ printf("Enter input\n\n"); scanf("\n%c",&alpha); digits=isdigit(alpha); if(digits==0){ printf("error\n\n"); } imp=atof(alpha); }while(digits==0); } The problem is this code does not work at all ... It gives me that atof must be of a const char and whenever I try changing it around, it just keeps failing. I am frustrated and forced to ask here, because I believe I have tried alot and I keep failing, but I wont be relieved until I get it to work xD So I really need your help guys. Please tell me why isnt this code working, what am I doing wrong ? I am still learning C and really appreciate your help :)

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  • Reading ASCII numbers using "D" instead of "E" for scientific notation using C

    - by Arrieta
    Hello, I have a list of numbers which looks like this: 1.234D+1 or 1.234D-02. I want to read the file using C. The function atof will merely ignore the D and translate only the mantissa. The function fscanf will not accept the format '%10.6e' because it expects an E instead of a D in the exponent. When I ran into this problem in Python, I have up and merely used a string substitution before converting from string to float. But in C, I am sure there must be another way. So, how would you read a file with numbers using D instead of E for scientific notation? Notice that I do not mean how to read the strings themselves, but rather how to convert them to floats. Thanks.

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  • How to find an element in an array in C

    - by gkaykck
    I am trying to find the location of an element in the array. I have tried to use this code i generated for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if (strcmp(temp[0],varptr[i])==0) j=i; } varptr is a pointer which points to array var[11][10] and it is by the definition *varptr[11][10]. I have assigned strings to var[i] and i want to get the "i" number of my element NOT THE ADRESS. Thanks for any comment. EDit: temp is also a pointer which points to the string that i want to check. Also i am using the 2D array for keeping variable names and their address. So yes i want to keep it inside a 2D array. The question is this code is not working at all, it does not assigns i to j, so i wonder where is the problem with this idea? writing a "break" does not change if the code works or not, it just optimizes the code a little. Full Code: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> double atof(char*); int main(void) { char in[100], *temp[10],var[11][10],*varptr[11][10]; int i,j, n = 0,fullval=0; double val[11]; strcpy(var[11], "ans"); for(i=0;i<11;i++) { for(j=0;j<10;j++) varptr[i][j]=&var[i][j]; } START: printf("Enter the expression: "); fflush(stdout); for(i=0;i<10;i++) temp[i]=NULL; if (fgets(in, sizeof in, stdin) != NULL) { temp[0] = strtok(in, " "); if (temp[0] != NULL) { for (n = 1; n < 10 && (temp[n] = strtok(NULL," ")) != NULL; n++) ; } if (*temp[0]=="quit") { goto FINISH;} if (isdigit(*temp[0])) { if (*temp[1]=='+') val[0] = atof(temp[0])+atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='-') val[0] = atof(temp[0])-atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='*') val[0] = atof(temp[0])*atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='/') val[0] = atof(temp[0])/atof(temp[2]); printf("%s = %f\n",var[11],val[0]); goto START; } else if (temp[1]==NULL) //asking the value of a variable { for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if (strcmp(temp[0],varptr[i])==0) j=i; } printf("%s = %d\n",var[j],val[j]); goto START; } if (*temp[1]==61) { strcpy(var[fullval], temp[0]); if ((temp[3])!=NULL) { } val[fullval]=atof(temp[2]); printf("%s = %f\n",var[fullval],val[fullval]); fullval++; goto START; } if (*temp[1]!=61) { } } getch(); FINISH: return 0; }

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  • How to receive a arg from command line in C

    - by 115599yy
    Hi everyone: I want to write a program to receive a argument from command line. It's like a kind of atof(). There my program goes: 9 char s[] = "3.1415e-4"; 10 if (argc == 1) { 11 printf("%e\n",atof(s)); 12 } 13 else if (argc == 2) { 14 //strcpy(s, argv[1]); 15 printf("%e\n",atof(argv[1])); 16 } 1.should I just use argv[1] for the string to pass to my atof(), or, put it into s[]? 2.If I'd better put it in s[], is there some build-in function to do this "put" work? maybe some function like strcpy()?? thanks.

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  • Python or matplotlib limitation error

    - by Werner
    Hi, I wrote an algorithm using python and matplotlib that generates histograms from some text input data. When the number of data input is approx. greater than 15000, I get in the (append) line of my code: mydata = [] for i in range(len(data)): mydata.append(string.atof(data[i])) the error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "get_histogram_picture.py", line 25, in <module> mydata.append(string.atof(data[i])) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/string.py", line 388, in atof return _float(s) ValueError: invalid literal for float(): -a can it be an error in python ? What is the solution ? Thanks

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  • sequential mandelbrot image creation

    - by visanio_learner
    can anyone tell me what is wrong in this code? i am getting an error in the main function, when i am calling the 'file_write' method function inside the main function, it says 'y' is not declared in this scope, but actually it was an argument that i have passed it in the method function earlier. is it a serious error? #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> unsigned int width = 1500; unsigned int height = 1500; unsigned int max_iterations = 30000; unsigned int **color = NULL; double threshold = 4; double min_re = -2.0; double max_re = 1.0; double min_im = -1.2; double max_im = min_im+(max_re-min_re)*height/width; double x_factor = (max_re-min_re)/(width-1); double y_factor = (max_im-min_im)/(height-1); int file_write(int x, int y, double min_re, double max_im, double x_factor, double y_factor) { FILE *fractal = fopen("mandelbrot_imageSequential.ppm","w+"); if(fractal != NULL) { fprintf(fractal,"P6\n"); fprintf(fractal,"# %s\n", "Mandelbrot_imageSequential.ppm"); fprintf(fractal,"%d %d\n", height, width); fprintf(fractal,"255\n"); unsigned int R = 0, G = 0, B = 0; for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; ++y) { double c_im = max_im - y*y_factor; for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; ++x) { double c_re = min_re + x*x_factor; double Z_re = c_re, Z_im = c_im; bool image_inside = true; R = 0, G = 0, B = 0; for(unsigned n=0; n<max_iterations; ++n) { double Z_re2 = Z_re*Z_re, Z_im2 = Z_im*Z_im; if(Z_re2 + Z_im2 > threshold) { image_inside = false; G = n; if(G == 10) { G = 25, R = 10, B = 5; } break; } Z_im = 2 * Z_re * Z_im + c_im; Z_re = Z_re2 - Z_im2 + c_re; } if(image_inside) { putc(R, fractal); putc(G, fractal); putc(B, fractal); } else { putc(R, fractal); putc(G, fractal); putc(B, fractal); } } } fclose(fractal); return 0; } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if(argc != 9) { printf("There is an error in the input given.\n"); return 0; } else { height = atoi(argv[1]); width = atoi(argv[2]); max_iterations = atoi(argv[3]); min_re = atof(argv[4]); max_re = atof(argv[5]); min_im = atof(argv[6]); max_im = atof(argv[7]); threshold = atoi(argv[8]); } color = (unsigned int**)malloc(height*sizeof(unsigned int*)); printf("height = %d\twidth = %d\tmaximum_iterations = %d\tminimum_x-value = %.2f\tmaximum_x-value = %.2f\tminimum_y-value = %.2f\tmaximum_y-value = %.2f\tthreshold_value = %.2f\t\n",height,width,max_iterations,min_re,max_re,min_im,max_im,threshold); int x; for(x = 0; x < height; x++) { color[x] = (unsigned int*)malloc(width*sizeof(unsigned int)); } time_t ts,te; time(&ts); file_write(x,y,min_re,max_im,x_factor,y_factor); time(&te); double diff = difftime(te,ts); printf("Total Time elapsed: %f\n",diff); for(x = 0; x < height; x++) { free(color[x]); } free(color); return 0; }

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  • C : files manipulation Can't figure out how to simplify this code with files manipulation.

    - by Bon_chan
    Hey guys, I have been working on this code but I can't find out what is wrong. This program does compile and run but it ends up having a fatal error. I have a file called myFile.txt, with the following content : James------ 07.50 Anthony--- 17.00 And here is the code : int main() { int n =2, valueTest=0,count=0; FILE* file = NULL; float temp= 00.00f, average= 00.00f, flTen = 10.00f; float *totalNote = (float*)malloc(n*sizeof(float)); int position = 0; char selectionNote[5+1], nameBuffer[10+1], noteBuffer[5+1]; file = fopen("c:\\myFile.txt","r"); fseek(file,10,SEEK_SET); while(valueTest<2) { fscanf(file,"%5s",&selectionNote); temp = atof(selectionNote); totalNote[position]= temp; position++; valeurTest++; } for(int counter=0;counter<2;counter++) { average += totalNote[counter]; } printf("The total is : %f \n",average); rewind(file); printf("here is the one with less than 10.00 :\n"); while(count<2) { fscanf(file,"%10s",&nameBuffer); fseek(file,10,SEEK_SET); fscanf(file,"%5s",&noteBuffer); temp = atof(noteBuffer); if(temp<flTen) { printf("%s who has %f\n",nameBuffer,temp); } fseek(file,1,SEEK_SET); count++; } fclose(file); } I am pretty new to c and find it more difficult than c# or java. And I woud like to get some suggestions to help me to get better. I think this code could be simplier. Do you think the same ?

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  • Sending double quote character to CreateProcess?

    - by karikari
    I want to send the double quote character to my CreateProcess function. How can I do the correct way? I want to send all of this characters: "%h" CreateProcess(L"C:\\identify -format ",L"\"%h\" trustedsnapshot.png",0,0,TRUE,NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS|CREATE_NO_WINDOW,0,0,&sInfo,&pInfo); Here is the full code: int ExecuteExternalFile() { SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secattr; ZeroMemory(&secattr,sizeof(secattr)); secattr.nLength = sizeof(secattr); secattr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; HANDLE rPipe, wPipe; //Create pipes to write and read data CreatePipe(&rPipe,&wPipe,&secattr,0); STARTUPINFO sInfo; ZeroMemory(&sInfo,sizeof(sInfo)); PROCESS_INFORMATION pInfo; ZeroMemory(&pInfo,sizeof(pInfo)); sInfo.cb=sizeof(sInfo); sInfo.dwFlags=STARTF_USESTDHANDLES; sInfo.hStdInput=NULL; sInfo.hStdOutput=wPipe; sInfo.hStdError=wPipe; CreateProcess(L"C:\\identify",L" -format \"%h\" trustedsnapshot.png",0,0,TRUE,NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS|CREATE_NO_WINDOW,0,0,&sInfo,&pInfo); CloseHandle(wPipe); char buf[100]; DWORD reDword; CString m_csOutput,csTemp; BOOL res; do { res=::ReadFile(rPipe,buf,100,&reDword,0); csTemp=buf; m_csOutput+=csTemp.Left(reDword); }while(res); //return m_csOutput; float fvar; //fvar = atof((const char *)(LPCTSTR)(m_csOutput)); ori //fvar=atof((LPCTSTR)m_csOutput); fvar = _tstof(m_csOutput); const size_t len = 256; wchar_t buffer[len] = {}; _snwprintf(buffer, len - 1, L"%d", fvar); MessageBox(NULL, buffer, L"test print createprocess value", MB_OK); return fvar; } I need this function to return the integer value from the CreateProcess.

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  • Serious Memory Clash: Variables clashing in C

    - by Soham
    int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { Message* newMessage; Asset* Check; //manipulation and initialization of Check, so that it holds proper values. newMessage = parser("N,2376,01/02/2011 09:15:01.342,JPASSOCIAT FUTSTK 24FEB2011,B,84.05,2000,0,0",newMessage); // MessageProcess(newMessage,AssetMap); printf("LAST TRADE ADDRESS %p LAST TRADE TIME %s\n",Check->TradeBook,Check->Time); } Message* parser(char *message,Message* new_Message) { char a[9][256]; char* tmp =message; bool inQuote=0; int counter=0; int counter2=0; new_Message = (Message*)malloc(sizeof(Message)); while(*tmp!='\0') { switch(*tmp) { case ',': if(!inQuote) { a[counter][counter2]='\0'; counter++; counter2=0; } break; case '"': inQuote=!inQuote; break; default: a[counter][counter2]=*tmp; counter2++; break; } tmp++; } a[counter][counter2]='\0'; new_Message->type = *a[0]; new_Message->Time = &a[2][11]; new_Message->asset = a[3]; if(*a[4]=='S') new_Message->BS = 0; else new_Message->BS = 1; new_Message->price1=atof(a[5]); new_Message->shares1=atol(a[6]); new_Message->price2=atof(a[7]); new_Message->shares2=atol(a[8]); new_Message->idNum = atoi(a[1]); return(new_Message); } Here there is a serious memory clash, in two variables of different scope. I have investigated using gdb and it seems the address of new_Message->Time is equalling to the address of Check->Time. They both are structures of different types I am trying to resolve this issue, because, when parser changes the value of new_Message->Time it manipulates the contents of Check-Time Please do suggest how to solve this problem. I have lost(spent) around 10 hours and counting to resolve this issue, and tons of hair. Soham

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  • Convert string from getline into a number

    - by haskellguy
    I am trying to create a 2D array with vectors. I have a file that has for each line a set of numbers. So what I did I implemented a split function that every time I have a new number (separated by \t) it splits that and add it to the vector vector<double> &split(const string &s, char delim, vector<double> &elems) { stringstream ss(s); string item; while (getline(ss, item, delim)) { cout << item << endl; double number = atof(item.c_str()); cout << number; elems.push_back(number); } return elems; } vector<double> split(const string &s, char delim) { vector<double> elems; split(s, delim, elems); return elems; } After that I simply iterate through it. int main() { ifstream file("./data/file.txt"); string row; vector< vector<double> > matrix; int line_count = -1; while (getline(file, row)) { line_count++; if (line_count <= 4) continue; vector<double> cols = split(row, '\t'); matrix.push_back(cols); } ... } Now my issues is in this bit here: while (getline(ss, item, delim)) { cout << item << endl; double number = atof(item.c_str()); cout << number; Where item.c_str() is converted to a 0. Shouldn't that be still a string having the same value as item? It works on a separate example if I do straight from string to c_string, but when I use this getline I end up in this error situation, hints?

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  • Generating 2-dimensional vla ends in segmentation fault

    - by Framester
    Hi, further developing the code from yesterday (seg fault caused by malloc and sscanf in a function), I tried with the help of some tutorials I found on the net to generate a 2-dim vla. But I get a segmentation fault at (*data)[i][j]=atof(p);. The program is supposed to read a matrix out of a text file and load it into a 2d array (cols 1-9) and a 1D array (col 10) [Example code] #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<math.h> #include<string.h> const int LENGTH = 1024; void read_data(float ***data, int **classes, int *nrow,int *ncol, char *filename){ FILE *pfile = NULL; char line[LENGTH]; if(!( pfile=fopen(filename,"r"))){ printf("Error opening %s.", filename); exit(1); } int numlines=0; int numcols=0; char *p; fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile); p = strtok (line," "); while (p != NULL){ p = strtok (NULL, ", "); numcols++; } while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ numlines++; } rewind(pfile); int numfeats=numcols-1; *data=(float**) malloc(numlines*sizeof(float*)); *classes=(int *)malloc(numlines*sizeof(int)); if(*classes == NULL){ printf("\nOut of memory."); exit(1); } int i=0; while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ p = strtok (line," "); for(int j=0;j<numfeats;j++) { (data)[i]=malloc(numfeats*sizeof(float)); printf("%i ",i); (*data)[i][j]=atof(p); p = strtok (NULL, ", "); } (*classes)[i]=atoi(p); i++; } fclose(pfile); *nrow=numlines; *ncol=numfeats; } int main() { char *filename="somedatafile.txt"; float **data2; int *classes2; int r,c; read_data(&data2,&classes2, &r, &c,filename) ; for(int i=0;i<r;i++){ printf("\n"); for(int j=0;j<c;j++){ printf("%f",data2[i][j]); } } return 1; } [Content of somedatafile.txt] 50 21 77 0 28 0 27 48 22 2 55 0 92 0 0 26 36 92 56 4 53 0 82 0 52 -5 29 30 2 1 37 0 76 0 28 18 40 48 8 1 37 0 79 0 34 -26 43 46 2 1 85 0 88 -4 6 1 3 83 80 5 56 0 81 0 -4 11 25 86 62 4 55 -1 95 -3 54 -4 40 41 2 1 53 8 77 0 28 0 23 48 24 4 37 0 101 -7 28 0 64 73 8 1 ...

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  • How to draw flowchart for code involving opening from text file and reading them

    - by problematic
    like this code fp1=fopen("Fruit.txt","r"); if(fp1==NULL) { printf("ERROR in opening file\n"); return 1; } else { for(i=0;i<lines;i++)//reads Fruits.txt database { fgets(product,sizeof(product),fp1); id[i]=atoi(strtok(product,",")); strcpy(name[i],strtok(NULL,",")); price[i]=atof(strtok(NULL,",")); stock[i]=atoi(strtok(NULL,"\n")); } } fclose(fp1); These symbols sound too similar to differentiate their function,can anyone helps me by any method, or use names of shape according to this site http://www.breezetree.com/article-excel-flowchart-shapes.htm

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  • printing double in binary

    - by Happy Mittal
    In Thinking in C++ by Bruce eckel, there is a program given to print a double value in binary.(Chapter 3, page no. 189) int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if(argc != 2) { cout << "Must provide a number" << endl; exit(1); } double d = atof(argv[1]); unsigned char* cp = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&d); for(int i = sizeof(double); i > 0 ; i -= 2) { printBinary(cp[i-1]); printBinary(cp[i]); } } Here while printing cp[i] when i=8(assuming double is of 8 bytes), wouldn't it be undefined behaviour? I mean this code doesn't work as it doesn't print cp[0].

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  • How to hide graph on button click ?

    - by aman-gupta
    Hi, In my application I m using following codes to draw a graph but I want that graph will be displayed on button click :- import @interface frmGraphView : UIView { } @end ///////////////////// // // frmGraphView.m // UV Alarm // // Created by Aman on 4/4/10. // Copyright 2010 MyCompanyName. All rights reserved. // import "frmGraphView.h" @implementation frmGraphView struct TCo_ordinates { float x; float y; }; (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) { // Initialization code } return self; } /* // Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; } */ /* // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait); } */ -(void)drawHGrid { //struct gridForXYaxis *gridForX = (struct gridForX *) calloc(sizeof(struct gridFor)) } (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"frmGraph_drawRect_start"); endif CGContextRef ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); struct TCo_ordinates *tCoordianates; //creating the object of structure. float fltX1,fltX2,fltY1,fltY2=0; //Dividing the Y-axis ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"Start drawing Y-Axis"); endif fltX1 = 25; fltY1 = 2; fltX2 = fltX1; fltY2 = 254; //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0); CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 2.0); CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1, fltY1); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX2, fltY2); NSArray *hoursInDays = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6",@"7",@"8",@"9",@"10",@"11",@"12", nil]; NSMutableArray *yAxisCoordinates = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] init] autorelease]; for(int intIndex = 0 ; intIndex < [hoursInDays count] ; fltY2-=20, intIndex++) { ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"Start of the partition of y axis"); endif //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 2, 2, 2, 1); //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f); //to draw the black line. CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1-3 , fltY2-20); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX1+3, fltY2-20); CGContextSelectFont(ctx, "Helvetica", 12.0, kCGEncodingMacRoman); CGContextSetTextDrawingMode(ctx, kCGTextFill); //CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctx, 0, 255, 255, 1); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor blueColor].CGColor); CGAffineTransform xform = CGAffineTransformMake( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0); CGContextSetTextMatrix(ctx, xform); const char *arrayDataForYAxis = [[hoursInDays objectAtIndex:intIndex] UTF8String]; CGContextShowTextAtPoint(ctx,fltX1-20 , fltY2-15, arrayDataForYAxis, strlen(arrayDataForYAxis)); CGContextStrokePath(ctx); ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"End of the partition of graph"); endif //NSValue *yAxis = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake((tCoordianates-x = fltX1-21), (tCoordianates-y = fltY2-20))]; // [yAxisCoordinates addObject:yAxis]; ifdef _DEBUG // NSLog(@"The value of yAxisCoordintes: %@", yAxisCoordinates); endif } ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"End of drawing Y-Axis"); endif //Dividing the X-axis ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"Start drawing X-Axis"); endif fltX1 = 25; fltY1 = 255; fltX2 = 320; fltY2 = fltY1; CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1, fltY1); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX2, fltY2); //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 2, 2, 2, 1); CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 2.0); NSArray *weekDays =[[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"Sun", @"Mon", @"Tue", @"Wed", @"Thu", @"Fri", @"Sat", nil]; NSMutableArray *xAxisCoordinates = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] init] autorelease]; for(int intIndex = 0 ; intIndex < [weekDays count] ; fltX1+=40, intIndex++) { //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 2, 2, 2, 1); //CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor orangeColor].CGColor); CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1+40 , fltY2-3); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX1+40, fltY2+3); CGContextSelectFont(ctx, "Italic", 12.0, kCGEncodingMacRoman); CGContextSetTextDrawingMode(ctx, kCGTextFill); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor blueColor].CGColor); CGAffineTransform xform = CGAffineTransformMake( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0); CGContextSetTextMatrix(ctx, xform); const char *arrayDataForXAxis = [[weekDays objectAtIndex:intIndex] UTF8String]; CGContextShowTextAtPoint(ctx, fltX1+27, fltY2+20 , arrayDataForXAxis, strlen(arrayDataForXAxis)); CGContextStrokePath(ctx); ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"End of drawing X-Axis"); endif //NSValue *xAxis = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake((tCoordianates->x = fltX1+40), (tCoordianates->y = fltY2+18))]; // [xAxisCoordinates addObject:xAxis]; ifdef _DEBUG //NSLog(@"The value of xAxisCoordintes: %@", xAxisCoordinates); NSLog(@"frmGraph_drawRect_end"); endif } CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 10.0); fltX1 = 25; fltY1 = 235; fltX2 = 320; fltY2 = fltY1; NSArray *coordinate1 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"65",@"105",@"145",@"185",@"225",@"265",@"305",nil]; NSArray *coordinate2 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"214",@"174",@"154",@"134",@"114",@"74",@"34",nil]; ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"Fuction of Bar_start"); endif for(int intIndex = 0; intIndex < [coordinate1 count], intIndex < [coordinate2 count]; fltX1+=40, intIndex++) { //CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctx, 0, 0, 245, 1); CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1+40, fltY2+19); const char *arrayDataForCoordinate1 = [[coordinate1 objectAtIndex:intIndex] UTF8String]; const char *arrayDataForCoordinate2 = [[coordinate2 objectAtIndex:intIndex] UTF8String]; CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, (atof(arrayDataForCoordinate1)), atof(arrayDataForCoordinate2)); } ifdef _DEBUG NSLog(@"Fuction of Bar_end"); endif CGContextClosePath(ctx); CGContextStrokePath(ctx); [hoursInDays release]; [weekDays release]; [coordinate1 release]; [coordinate2 release]; hoursInDays = nil; weekDays = nil; coordinate1 = nil; coordinate2 = nil; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } (void)viewDidUnload { // Release any retained subviews of the main view. // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; } (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end please help me out its urgent

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  • FLEX/BISON : Why my rule is not regonized ?

    - by Natim
    Hi, I am trying to do a little exercice in FLEX and BISON. Here is the code I wrote : calc_pol.y %{ #define YYSTYPE double #include "calc_pol.tab.h" #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> %} %start line %token NOMBRE %token FIN %% line: exp '\n' { printf("\t%.2lf\n", $1); }; exp: exp exp '+' { $$ = $1 + $2 ;} | exp exp '-' { $$ = $1 - $2 ;} | exp exp '*' { $$ = $1 * $2 ;} | exp exp '/' { $$ = $1 / $2 ;} | exp exp '^' { $$ = pow($1, $2) ;} | NOMBRE; %% calc_pol.l %{ #include "calc_pol.tab.h" #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> extern YYSTYPE yylval; %} blancs [ \t]+ chiffre [0-9] entier [+-]?[1-9][0-9]* | 0 reel {entier}('.'{entier})? %% {blancs} {reel} { yylval = atof(yytext); return NOMBRE; } \n { return FIN; } . { return yytext[0]; } %% Makefile all: calc_pol.tab.c lex.yy.c gcc -o calc_pol $< -ly -lfl -lm calc_pol.tab.c: calc_pol.y bison -d calc_pol.y lex.yy.c: calc_pol.l flex calc_pol.l Do you have any idea of what's wrong ? Thanks Edited: The error message is flex calc_pol.l: calc_pol.l:18: règle non reconnue Line 18 is the line beginning with {reel}, and the error message translates to English as "unrecognized rule".

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  • Convert pre-IEEE-574 C++ floating-point numbers to/from C#

    - by Richard Kucia
    Before .Net, before math coprocessors, before IEEE-574, Microsoft defined a bit pattern for floating-point numbers. Old versions of the C++ compiler happily used that definition. I am writing a C# app that needs to read/write such floating-point numbers in a file. How can I do the conversions between the 2 bit formats? I need conversion methods in both directions. This app is going to run in a PocketPC/WinCE environment. Changing the structure of the file is out-of-scope for this project. Is there a C++ compiler option that instructs it to use the old FP format? That would be ideal. I could then exchange data between the C# code and C++ code by using a null-terminated text string, and the C++ methods would be simple wrappers around sprintf and atof functions. At the very least, I'm hoping someone can reply with the bit definitions for the old FP format, so I can put together a low-level bit manipulation algorithm if necessary. Thanks.

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  • Why does my program not react to any arguments?

    - by Electric Coffee
    I have a simple test program in C++ that prints out attributes of a circle #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include "hidden_functions.h" // contains the Circle class using namespace std; void print_circle_attributes(float r) { Circle* c = new Circle(r); cout << "radius: " << c->get_radius() << endl; cout << "diameter: " << c->get_diameter() << endl; cout << "area: " << c->get_area() << endl; cout << "circumference: " << c->get_circumference() << endl; cout << endl; delete c; } int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { float input = atof(argv[0]); print_circle_attributes(input); return 0; } when I run my program with the parameter 2.4 it outputs: radius: 0.0 diameter: 0.0 area: 0.0 circumference: 0.0 I've previously tested the program without the parameter, but simply using static values, and it ran just fine; so I know there's nothing wrong with the class I made... So what did I do wrong here? Note: the header is called hidden_functions.h because it served to test out how it would work if I had functions not declared in the header

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  • Cocos2d: Moving background on update: offsett issue

    - by mm24
    working with Objective C, iOS and Cocos2d I am developing a vertical scrolling shooter game for iPhone (retina display models with 640 width x 960 height pixel resolution). My basic algorithm works as following: I create two instances of an image that has exactly 640 width x 960 height pixel of resolution, which we will call imageA and imageB I then set the two imags with exactly 480.0f of offset from each other, as the screenSize of a CCScene is set by default to 480.0f. At each update method call I move the two images by the same value. I make sure that their offsett stays to 480.0f However when running the game I see a 1 pixel height line between the two images. This literally bugs me and would like to adjust this. What am I doing wrong? This is a zoom in on the background when the "offsett line" is visible. The white line you can see divides the two background images and is not meant to exist as both images are completely black :): If I change the yPositionOfSecondElement value to 479.0f until the first loop the two images overlap correctly, but as soon as the loop starts the two images starts having an offsett of -1.0f. Here is the initialization code: -(void) init { //... screenHeight = 480.0f; yPositionOfSecondElement= screenHeight;//I tried subtracting an offsett of -1 but eventually the image would go wrong again yPositionOfFirstElement = 0.0f; loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA = [BackgroundLoopedImage loopImageForLevel:levelName]; loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.0f); loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA.position = CGPointMake(160.0f, yPositionOfFirstElement); [node addChild:loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA z:zLevelBackground]; //loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA.color= ccRED; loopedBackgroundImageInstanceB = [BackgroundLoopedImage loopImageForLevel:levelName]; loopedBackgroundImageInstanceB.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.0f); loopedBackgroundImageInstanceB.position = CGPointMake(160.0f, yPositionOfSecondElement); [node addChild:loopedBackgroundImageInstanceB z:zLevelBackground]; //.... } And here is the move code called at each update: -(void) moveBackgroundSprites:(BackgroundLoopedImage*)imageA :(BackgroundLoopedImage*)imageB :(ccTime)delta { isEligibleToMove=false; //This is done to avoid rounding errors float yStep = delta * [GameController sharedGameController].currentBackgroundSpeed; NSString* formattedNumber = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.02f", yStep]; yStep = atof([formattedNumber UTF8String]); //First should adjust position of images [self adjustPosition:imageA :imageB]; //The can get the actual image position CGPoint posA = imageA.position; CGPoint posB = imageB.position; //Here could verify if the checksum is equal to the required difference (should be 479.0f) if (![self verifyCheckSum:posA :posB]) { CCLOG(@"does not comply A"); } //At this stage can compute the hypotetical new position CGPoint newPosA = CGPointMake(posA.x, posA.y - yStep); CGPoint newPosB = CGPointMake(posB.x, posB.y - yStep); // Reposition stripes when they're out of bounds if (newPosA.y <= -yPositionOfSecondElement) { newPosA.y = yPositionOfSecondElement; [imageA shuffle]; if (timeElapsed>=endTime && hasReachedEndLevel==FALSE) { hasReachedEndLevel=TRUE; shouldMoveImageEnd=TRUE; } } else if (newPosB.y <= -yPositionOfSecondElement) { newPosB.y = yPositionOfSecondElement; [imageB shuffle]; if (timeElapsed>=endTime && hasReachedEndLevel==FALSE) { hasReachedEndLevel=TRUE; shouldMoveImageEnd=TRUE; } } //Here should verify that the check sum is equal to 479.0f if (![self verifyCheckSum:posA :posB]) { CCLOG(@"does not comply B"); } imageA.position = newPosA; imageB.position = newPosB; //Here could verify that the check sum is equal to 479.0f if (![self verifyCheckSum:posA :posB]) { CCLOG(@"does not comply C"); } isEligibleToMove=true; } -(BOOL) verifyCheckSum:(CGPoint)posA :(CGPoint)posB { BOOL comply = false; float sum = 0.0f; if (posA.y > posB.y) { sum = posA.y - posB.y; } else if (posB.y > posA.y){ sum = posB.y - posA.y; } else{ return false; } if (sum!=yPositionOfSecondElement) { comply= false; } else{ comply=true; } return comply; } And here is what happens on the update: if(shouldMoveImageA && shouldMoveImageB) { if (isEligibleToMove) { [self moveBackgroundSprites:loopedBackgroundImageInstanceA :loopedBackgroundImageInstanceB :delta]; } Forget about shouldMoveImageA and shouldMoveImageB, this is just for when the background reaches the end of level, this works.

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  • Toon shader with Texture. Can this be optimized?

    - by Alex
    I am quite new to OpenGL, I have managed after long trial and error to integrate Nehe's Cel-Shading rendering with my Model loaders, and have them drawn using the Toon shade and outline AND their original texture at the same time. The result is actually a very nice Cel Shading effect of the model texture, but it is havling the speed of the program, it's quite very slow even with just 3 models on screen... Since the result was kind of hacked together, I am thinking that maybe I am performing some extra steps or extra rendering tasks that maybe are not needed, and are slowing down the game? Something unnecessary that maybe you guys could spot? Both MD2 and 3DS loader have an InitToon() function called upon creation to load the shader initToon(){ int i; // Looping Variable ( NEW ) char Line[255]; // Storage For 255 Characters ( NEW ) float shaderData[32][3]; // Storate For The 96 Shader Values ( NEW ) FILE *In = fopen ("Shader.txt", "r"); // Open The Shader File ( NEW ) if (In) // Check To See If The File Opened ( NEW ) { for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) // Loop Though The 32 Greyscale Values ( NEW ) { if (feof (In)) // Check For The End Of The File ( NEW ) break; fgets (Line, 255, In); // Get The Current Line ( NEW ) shaderData[i][0] = shaderData[i][1] = shaderData[i][2] = float(atof (Line)); // Copy Over The Value ( NEW ) } fclose (In); // Close The File ( NEW ) } else return false; // It Went Horribly Horribly Wrong ( NEW ) glGenTextures (1, &shaderTexture[0]); // Get A Free Texture ID ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind This Texture. From Now On It Will Be 1D ( NEW ) // For Crying Out Loud Don't Let OpenGL Use Bi/Trilinear Filtering! ( NEW ) glTexParameteri (GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri (GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage1D (GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGB, 32, 0, GL_RGB , GL_FLOAT, shaderData); // Upload ( NEW ) } This is the drawing for the animated MD2 model: void MD2Model::drawToon() { float outlineWidth = 3.0f; // Width Of The Lines ( NEW ) float outlineColor[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; // Color Of The Lines ( NEW ) // ORIGINAL PART OF THE FUNCTION //Figure out the two frames between which we are interpolating int frameIndex1 = (int)(time * (endFrame - startFrame + 1)) + startFrame; if (frameIndex1 > endFrame) { frameIndex1 = startFrame; } int frameIndex2; if (frameIndex1 < endFrame) { frameIndex2 = frameIndex1 + 1; } else { frameIndex2 = startFrame; } MD2Frame* frame1 = frames + frameIndex1; MD2Frame* frame2 = frames + frameIndex2; //Figure out the fraction that we are between the two frames float frac = (time - (float)(frameIndex1 - startFrame) / (float)(endFrame - startFrame + 1)) * (endFrame - startFrame + 1); // I ADDED THESE FROM NEHE'S TUTORIAL FOR FIRST PASS (TOON SHADE) glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Use The Good Calculations ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); // Cel-Shading Code // glEnable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Enable 1D Texturing ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind Our Texture ( NEW ) glColor3f (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Set The Color Of The Model ( NEW ) // ORIGINAL DRAWING CODE //Draw the model as an interpolation between the two frames glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd(); // ADDED THESE FROM NEHE'S FOR SECOND PASS (OUTLINE) glDisable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Disable 1D Textures ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_BLEND); // Enable Blending ( NEW ) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // Set The Blend Mode ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_LINE); // Draw Backfacing Polygons As Wireframes ( NEW ) glLineWidth (outlineWidth); // Set The Line Width ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_FRONT); // Don't Draw Any Front-Facing Polygons ( NEW ) glDepthFunc (GL_LEQUAL); // Change The Depth Mode ( NEW ) glColor3fv (&outlineColor[0]); // Set The Outline Color ( NEW ) // HERE I AM PARSING THE VERTICES AGAIN (NOT IN THE ORIGINAL FUNCTION) FOR THE OUTLINE AS PER NEHE'S TUT glBegin (GL_TRIANGLES); // Tell OpenGL What We Want To Draw for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd (); // Tell OpenGL We've Finished glDepthFunc (GL_LESS); // Reset The Depth-Testing Mode ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_BACK); // Reset The Face To Be Culled ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_FILL); // Reset Back-Facing Polygon Drawing Mode ( NEW ) glDisable (GL_BLEND); } Whereas this is the drawToon function in the 3DS loader void Model_3DS::drawToon() { float outlineWidth = 3.0f; // Width Of The Lines ( NEW ) float outlineColor[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; // Color Of The Lines ( NEW ) //ORIGINAL CODE if (visible) { glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glScalef(scale, scale, scale); // Loop through the objects for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++) { // Enable texture coordiantes, normals, and vertices arrays if (Objects[i].textured) glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); if (lit) glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); // Point them to the objects arrays if (Objects[i].textured) glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].TexCoords); if (lit) glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].Normals); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].Vertexes); // Loop through the faces as sorted by material and draw them for (int j = 0; j < Objects[i].numMatFaces; j ++) { // Use the material's texture Materials[Objects[i].MatFaces[j].MatIndex].tex.Use(); // AFTER THE TEXTURE IS APPLIED I INSERT THE TOON FUNCTIONS HERE (FIRST PASS) glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Use The Good Calculations ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); // Cel-Shading Code // glEnable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Enable 1D Texturing ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind Our Texture ( NEW ) glColor3f (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Set The Color Of The Model ( NEW ) glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(Objects[i].pos.x, Objects[i].pos.y, Objects[i].pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Draw the faces using an index to the vertex array glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].numSubFaces, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].subFaces); glPopMatrix(); } glDisable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Disable 1D Textures ( NEW ) // THIS IS AN ADDED SECOND PASS AT THE VERTICES FOR THE OUTLINE glEnable (GL_BLEND); // Enable Blending ( NEW ) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // Set The Blend Mode ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_LINE); // Draw Backfacing Polygons As Wireframes ( NEW ) glLineWidth (outlineWidth); // Set The Line Width ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_FRONT); // Don't Draw Any Front-Facing Polygons ( NEW ) glDepthFunc (GL_LEQUAL); // Change The Depth Mode ( NEW ) glColor3fv (&outlineColor[0]); // Set The Outline Color ( NEW ) for (int j = 0; j < Objects[i].numMatFaces; j ++) { glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(Objects[i].pos.x, Objects[i].pos.y, Objects[i].pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Draw the faces using an index to the vertex array glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].numSubFaces, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].subFaces); glPopMatrix(); } glDepthFunc (GL_LESS); // Reset The Depth-Testing Mode ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_BACK); // Reset The Face To Be Culled ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_FILL); // Reset Back-Facing Polygon Drawing Mode ( NEW ) glDisable (GL_BLEND); glPopMatrix(); } Finally this is the tex.Use() function that loads a BMP texture and somehow gets blended perfectly with the Toon shading void GLTexture::Use() { glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // Enable texture mapping glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Bind the texture as the current one }

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