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  • What is a safe ulimit ceiling?

    - by Kaustubh P
    This is the output of ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 16382 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) unlimited virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited This is a 64bit install, and I would like to increase the max-open files from 1024 to a more heady limit such as 5000. Will that be any problem? Will it cause instability? Thanks.

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  • Fast ceiling of an integer division in C / C++

    - by andand
    Given integer values x and y, C and C++ returns as the quotient q = x/y the floor of the floating point valued equivalent. I'm interestd in a method of returning the ceiling instead? For example, ceil(10/5) = 2 and ceil(11/5) = 3. The obvious approach involves something like: q = x / y; if (q * y < x) ++q; This requires an extra comparison and multiplication; and other methods I've seen (used in fact) involve casting as a float or double. Is there a more direct method that avoids the additional multiplication (or a second division) and branch, and that also avoids casting as a floating point number?

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  • How do I find the largest factor of an integer in mysql

    - by Bill H
    I am trying to write a select query that will dynamically determine the minimum number of items that can be packaged together. I am having trouble with one part of the query. ... CASE WHEN (pid.product_id) THEN 1 WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 11 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 11) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 7 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 7) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 6 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 6) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 5 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 5) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 4 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 4) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 3 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 3) WHEN ((p.case_pack = p.inner_pack) AND (p.inner_pack % 2 = 0)) THEN CEILING(p.inner_pack / 2) ELSE p.inner_pack END AS min_pack ... What I want to do is find the largest factorial of an integer (p.inner_pack) that is under 12. Is there a better way to do this in mysql?

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  • XSL Template outputting massive chunk of text, rather than HTML. But only on one section

    - by Throlkim
    I'm having a slightly odd situation with an XSL template. Most of it outputs fine, but a certain for-each loop is causing me problems. Here's the XML: <area> <feature type="Hall"> <Heading><![CDATA[Hall]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[Communal gardens, pathway leading to PVCu double glazed communal front door to]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Entrance Hall"> <Heading><![CDATA[Communal Entrance Hall]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[Plain ceiling, centre light fitting, fire door through to inner hallway, wood and glazed panelled front door to]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Inner Hall"> <Heading><![CDATA[Inner Hall]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[Plain ceiling with pendant light fitting and covings, security telephone, airing cupboard housing gas boiler serving domestic hot water and central heating, telephone point, storage cupboard housing gas and electric meters, wooden panelled doors off to all rooms.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Lounge (Reception)" width="3.05" length="4.57" units="metre"> <Heading><![CDATA[Lounge (Reception)]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[15' 6" x 10' 7" (4.72m x 3.23m) Window to the side and rear elevation, papered ceiling with pendant light fitting and covings, two double panelled radiators, power points, wall mounted security entry phone, TV aerial point.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Kitchen" width="3.05" length="3.66" units="metre"> <Heading><![CDATA[Kitchen]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[12' x 10' (3.66m x 3.05m) Double glazed window to the rear elevation, textured ceiling with strip lighting, range of base and wall units in Beech with brushed aluminium handles, co-ordinated working surfaces with inset stainless steel sink with mixer taps over, co-ordinated tiled splashbacks, gas and electric cooker points, large storage cupboard with shelving, power points.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Entrance Porch"> <Heading><![CDATA[Balcony]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[Views across the communal South facing garden, wrought iron balustrade.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Bedroom" width="3.35" length="3.96" units="metre"> <Heading><![CDATA[Bedroom One]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[13' 6" x 11' 5" (4.11m x 3.48m) Double glazed windows to the front and side elevations, papered ceiling with pendant light fittings and covings, single panelled radiator, power points, telephone point, security entry phone.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="Bedroom" width="3.05" length="3.35" units="metre"> <Heading><![CDATA[Bedroom Two]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[11' 4" x 10' 1" (3.45m x 3.07m) Double glazed window to the front elevation, plain ceiling with centre light fitting and covings, power points.]]></Para> </feature> <feature type="bathroom"> <Heading><![CDATA[Bathroom]]></Heading> <Para><![CDATA[Obscure double glazed window to the rear elevation, textured ceiling with centre light fitting and extractor fan, suite in white comprising of low level WC, wall mounted wash hand basin and walk in shower housing 'Triton T80' electric shower, co-ordinated tiled splashbacks.]]></Para> </feature> </area> And here's the section of my template that processes it: <xsl:for-each select="area"> <li> <xsl:for-each select="feature"> <li> <h5> <xsl:value-of select="Heading"/> </h5> <xsl:value-of select="Para"/> </li> </xsl:for-each> </li> </xsl:for-each> And here's the output: Hall Communal gardens, pathway leading to PVCu double glazed communal front door to Communal Entrance Hall Plain ceiling, centre light fitting, fire door through to inner hallway, wood and glazed panelled front door to Inner Hall Plain ceiling with pendant light fitting and covings, security telephone, airing cupboard housing gas boiler serving domestic hot water and central heating, telephone point, storage cupboard housing gas and electric meters, wooden panelled doors off to all rooms. Lounge (Reception) 15' 6" x 10' 7" (4.72m x 3.23m) Window to the side and rear elevation, papered ceiling with pendant light fitting and covings, two double panelled radiators, power points, wall mounted security entry phone, TV aerial point. Kitchen 12' x 10' (3.66m x 3.05m) Double glazed window to the rear elevation, textured ceiling with strip lighting, range of base and wall units in Beech with brushed aluminium handles, co-ordinated working surfaces with inset stainless steel sink with mixer taps over, co-ordinated tiled splashbacks, gas and electric cooker points, large storage cupboard with shelving, power points. Balcony Views across the communal South facing garden, wrought iron balustrade. Bedroom One 13' 6" x 11' 5" (4.11m x 3.48m) Double glazed windows to the front and side elevations, papered ceiling with pendant light fittings and covings, single panelled radiator, power points, telephone point, security entry phone. Bedroom Two 11' 4" x 10' 1" (3.45m x 3.07m) Double glazed window to the front elevation, plain ceiling with centre light fitting and covings, power points. Bathroom Obscure double glazed window to the rear elevation, textured ceiling with centre light fitting and extractor fan, suite in white comprising of low level WC, wall mounted wash hand basin and walk in shower housing 'Triton T80' electric shower, co-ordinated tiled splashbacks. For reference, here's the entire XSLT: http://pastie.org/private/eq4gjvqoc1amg9ynyf6wzg The rest of it all outputs fine - what am I missing from the above section?

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  • SharpDx: using maximized RenderForm

    - by ceiling cat
    I'm trying to learn DirectX via SharpDX, very new to this. What I want to do is be able to draw 2D shapes for a game I'm trying to make. So I started with the demo "MiniRect" that came with SharpDX. Since I want my game to be full-screen, I changed the RenderForm to be maximized (using WindowState) and set the FromBorderStyle to None. I noticed that even if the form is set to maximized, it's size is always 800 by 600. In my renderloop, if I specify the location for the rectangle has 400 by 300, it is drawn in the middle of the screen. If I try to set the location via mouse-click (using the RenderForm's MouseClick event, there is always an offset present between where the mouse was clicked and where the drawing shows up. My system DPI is set to the standard (96) so there shouldn't be any scaling. But it looks like there is a scaling factor of about 2.4 If it's not the DPI settings, does anyone have any idea what this be related to? The problem doesnt happen if the RenderForm is not maximized. Is there another way to be drawing full-screen using SharpDX? Thanks

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  • Can decoupling hurt maintainability in certain situations?

    - by Ceiling Gecko
    Can the fact that the business logic is mapped to interfaces instead of implementations actually hinder the maintenance of the application in certain situations? A naive example with the Java's Hibernate framework would be, that for example (provided I don't have the whole code-base in my head, the project structure is a mess and classes are named with arbitrary names) if I wish to see what's going on in a certain DAO, to see if it actually is doing what it's supposed to do, then instead of traversing backwards up the tree from the point where the data service is invoked (where the tree will end in an interface with no implementation details whatsoever apart from the signature) I have to for example go and look for a configuration XML file to see which class is mapped to said interface as the implementation before being able to access the actual implementation details. Are there any situations where having loose coupling can actually hurt maintainability?

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  • Cooling for a small server room

    - by John Zwinck
    I have a server room about 12 feet square with an unfinished ceiling (exposed ducts and wiring). It houses a few servers (about ten, 1U and 2U) and some networking gear (four 1U switches, three routers, three modems, two cable boxes). With the door closed, it runs around 80 degrees Fahrenheit with half the servers turned on. When I turned on all the servers it reached 86 before I chickened out and propped the door open. The room is adjacent to air-conditioned office space, but does not itself have dedicated air conditioning. The ventilation for this room seems to be limited to one duct coming in at ceiling level, with a powered fan to draw air in, and one duct at ceiling level to allow air to flow out (it seems like it may just go into the drop ceiling cavity in the adjacent room). The adjacent office space stays fairly cool, but I'd prefer not to leave the door propped open all the time. There is both 110v and 208v service in the room, and plenty of power available. But there are no windows, and no floor drains (in a pinch we might be able to run a condensation hose through a small hole we'd drill in the wall to a nearby sink area, but only if absolutely necessary). I've considered portable A/C units, but I'm not sure on sizing and a lot less sure how we would run the exhaust hose(s). I suppose we could point one at the existing room exhaust duct (air return), but substantially modifying the duct is probably a no-no. I've also considered installing a fan box in the door of the room, but I'm concerned that this will only drop the temperature a little. Even right now, with all the equipment on, the room is at 83 degrees with the door open. And the main building A/C turns off daily at 6 PM to conserve energy, so the adjacent room temperature rises at night. How would you cool this room? Let's say the goal is to bring the temperature with everything running from a steady state of around 90 degrees down to 75 (equivalently, to offset the heat produced by ten 1U servers).

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  • How do I display the full title bar in Firefox 29?

    - by ceiling cat
    With Firefox 29, it no longer displays the full title. For example, in this screen shot here, it only display the beginning of "The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia". How can I make it display the whole thing? EDIT (for clarification): I'd like to see the full title of the web page of the tab I am on at all times (hovering the cursor would not work for me). Making the tab full width only works if I have 1 or 2 tabs, but most of the time I have many more tabs so this wouldn't work for me.

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  • How to make room reflection using Cubemap

    - by MaT
    I am trying to use a cube map of the inside of a room to create some reflections on walls, ceiling and floor. But when I use the cube map, the reflected image is not correct. The point of view seems to be false. To be correct I use a different cube map for each walls, floor or ceiling. The cube map is calculated from the center of the plane looking at the room. Are there specialized techniques to achieve such effect ? Thanks a lot !

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  • Simple collision detection for pong

    - by Dave Voyles
    I'm making a simple pong game, and things are great so far, but I have an odd bug which causes my ball (well, it's a box really) to get stuck on occasion when detecting collision against the ceiling or floor. It looks as though it is trying to update too frequently to get out of the collision check. Basically the box slides against the top or bottom of the screen from one paddle to the other, and quickly bounces on and off the wall while doing so, but only bounces a few pixels from the wall. What can I do to avoid this problem? It seems to occur at random. Below is my collision detection for the wall, as well as my update method for the ball. public void UpdatePosition() { size.X = (int)position.X; size.Y = (int)position.Y; position.X += speed * (float)Math.Cos(direction); position.Y += speed * (float)Math.Sin(direction); CheckWallHit(); } // Checks for collision with the ceiling or floor. // 2*Math.pi = 360 degrees // TODO: Change collision so that ball bounces from wall after getting caught private void CheckWallHit() { while (direction > 2 * Math.PI) { direction -= 2 * Math.PI; } while (direction < 0) { direction += 2 * Math.PI; } if (position.Y <= 0 || (position.Y > resetPos.Y * 2 - size.Height)) { direction = 2 * Math.PI - direction; } }

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  • How do I prevent my platformer's character from clipping on wall tiles?

    - by Jonathan Hobbs
    Currently, I have a platformer with tiles for terrain (graphics borrowed from Cave Story). The game is written from scratch using XNA, so I'm not using an existing engine or physics engine. The tile collisions are described pretty much exactly as described in this answer (with simple SAT for rectangles and circles), and everything works fine. Except when the player runs into a wall whilst falling/jumping. In that case, they'll catch on a tile and begin thinking they've hit a floor or ceiling that isn't actually there. The player is moving right and falling downwards. So after movement, collisions are checked - and first, it turns out the player character is colliding with the tile 3rd from the floor, and pushed upwards. Second, he's found to be colliding with the tile beside him, and pushed sideways - the end result being the player character thinks he's on the ground and isn't falling, and 'catches' on the tile for as long as he's running into it. I could solve this by defining the tiles from top to bottom instead, which makes him fall smoothly, but then the inverse case happens and he'll hit a ceiling that isn't there when jumping upwards against the wall. How should I approach resolving this, so that the player character can just fall along the wall as it should?

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  • Collision Detection Problems

    - by MrPlosion
    So I'm making a 2D tile based game but I can't quite get the collisions working properly. I've taken the code from the Platformer Sample and implemented it into my game as seen below. One problem I'm having is when I'm on the ground for some strange reason I can't move to the left. Now I'm pretty sure this problem is from the HandleCollisions() method because when I stop running it I can smoothly move around with no problems. Another problem I'm having is when I'm close to a tile the character jitters very strangely. I will try to post a video if necessary. Here is the HandleCollisions() method: Thanks. void HandleCollisions() { Rectangle bounds = BoundingRectangle; int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Top / World.PixelTileSize); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)bounds.Bottom / World.PixelTileSize) - 1; int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Left / World.PixelTileSize); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)bounds.Right / World.PixelTileSize) - 1; isOnGround = false; for(int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; x++) { for(int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; y++) { if(world.Map[y, x].Collidable == true) { Rectangle tileBounds = new Rectangle(x * World.PixelTileSize, y * World.PixelTileSize, World.PixelTileSize, World.PixelTileSize); Vector2 depth = RectangleExtensions.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds, tileBounds); if(depth != Vector2.Zero) { if(Math.Abs(depth.Y) < Math.Abs(depth.X)) { isOnGround = true; position = new Vector2(position.X, position.Y + depth.Y); } else { position = new Vector2(position.X + depth.X, position.Y); } bounds = BoundingRectangle; } } } }

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  • Collision Detection problems in Voxel Engine (XNA)

    - by Darestium
    I am creating a minecraft like terrain engine in XNA and have had some collision problems for quite some time. I have checked and changed my code based on other peoples collision code and I still have the same problem. It always seems to be off by about a block. for instance, if I walk across a bridge which is one block high I fall through it. Also, if you walk towards a "row" of blocks like this: You are able to stand "inside" the left most one, and you collide with nothing in the right most side (where there is no block and is not visible on this image). Here is all my collision code: private void Move(GameTime gameTime, Vector3 direction) { float speed = playermovespeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(player.Camera.LeftRightRotation); Vector3 rotatedVector = Vector3.Transform(direction, rotationMatrix); rotatedVector.Normalize(); Vector3 testVector = rotatedVector; testVector.Normalize(); Vector3 movePosition = player.position + testVector * speed; Vector3 midBodyPoint = movePosition + new Vector3(0, -0.7f, 0); Vector3 headPosition = movePosition + new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0); if (!world.GetBlock(movePosition).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(midBodyPoint).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } //player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } ... public void UpdatePosition(GameTime gameTime) { player.velocity.Y += playergravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Vector3 footPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, -1.5f, 0f); Vector3 headPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, 0.1f, 0f); // If the block below the player is solid the Y velocity should be zero if (world.GetBlock(footPosition).IsSolid || world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.velocity.Y = 0; } UpdateJump(gameTime); UpdateCounter(gameTime); ProcessInput(gameTime); player.Position = player.Position + player.velocity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; velocity = Vector3.Zero; } and the one and only function in the camera class: protected void CalculateView() { Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(upDownRotation) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(leftRightRotation); lookVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Forward, rotationMatrix); cameraFinalTarget = Position + lookVector; Vector3 cameraRotatedUpVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Up, rotationMatrix); viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, cameraFinalTarget, cameraRotatedUpVector); } which is called when the rotation variables are changed: public float LeftRightRotation { get { return leftRightRotation; } set { leftRightRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } public float UpDownRotation { get { return upDownRotation; } set { upDownRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } World class: public Block GetBlock(int x, int y, int z) { if (InBounds(x, y, z)) { Vector3i regionalPosition = GetRegionalPosition(x, y, z); Vector3i region = GetRegionPosition(x, y, z); return regions[region.X, region.Y, region.Z].Blocks[regionalPosition.X, regionalPosition.Y, regionalPosition.Z]; } return new Block(BlockType.none); } public Vector3i GetRegionPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(regionx, regiony, regionz); } public Vector3i GetRegionalPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int X = x % Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int Y = y % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; int Z = z % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(X, Y, Z); } Any ideas how to fix this problem? EDIT 1: Graphic of the problem: EDIT 2 GetBlock, Vector3 version: public Block GetBlock(Vector3 position) { int x = (int)Math.Floor(position.X); int y = (int)Math.Floor(position.Y); int z = (int)Math.Ceiling(position.Z); Block block = GetBlock(x, y, z); return block; } Now, the thing is I tested the theroy that the Z is always "off by one" and by ceiling the value it actually works as intended. Altough it still could be greatly more accurate (when you go down holes you can see through the sides, and I doubt it will work with negitive positions). I also does not feel clean Flooring the X and Y values and just Ceiling the Z. I am surely not doing something correctly still.

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  • How do I find the next multiple of 10 of any integer?

    - by Tommy
    Dynamic integer will be any number from 0 to 150. i.e. - number returns 41, need to return 50. If number is 10 need to return 10. Number is 1 need to return 10. Was thinking I could use the ceiling function if I modify the integer as a decimal...? then use ceiling function, and put back to decimal? Only thing is would also have to know if the number is 1, 2 or 3 digits (i.e. - 7 vs 94 vs 136) Is there a better way to achieve this? Thank You,

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  • x axis detection issues platformer starter kit

    - by dbomb101
    I've come across a problem with the collision detection code in the platformer starter kit for xna.It will send up the impassible flag on the x axis despite being nowhere near a wall in either direction on the x axis, could someone could tell me why this happens ? Here is the collision method. /// <summary> /// Detects and resolves all collisions between the player and his neighboring /// tiles. When a collision is detected, the player is pushed away along one /// axis to prevent overlapping. There is some special logic for the Y axis to /// handle platforms which behave differently depending on direction of movement. /// </summary> private void HandleCollisions() { // Get the player's bounding rectangle and find neighboring tiles. Rectangle bounds = BoundingRectangle; int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Left / Tile.Width); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Right / Tile.Width)) - 1; int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Top / Tile.Height); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Bottom / Tile.Height)) - 1; // Reset flag to search for ground collision. isOnGround = false; // For each potentially colliding tile, for (int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; ++y) { for (int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; ++x) { // If this tile is collidable, TileCollision collision = Level.GetCollision(x, y); if (collision != TileCollision.Passable) { // Determine collision depth (with direction) and magnitude. Rectangle tileBounds = Level.GetBounds(x, y); Vector2 depth = RectangleExtensions.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds, tileBounds); if (depth != Vector2.Zero) { float absDepthX = Math.Abs(depth.X); float absDepthY = Math.Abs(depth.Y); // Resolve the collision along the shallow axis. if (absDepthY < absDepthX || collision == TileCollision.Platform) { // If we crossed the top of a tile, we are on the ground. if (previousBottom <= tileBounds.Top) isOnGround = true; // Ignore platforms, unless we are on the ground. if (collision == TileCollision.Impassable || IsOnGround) { // Resolve the collision along the Y axis. Position = new Vector2(Position.X, Position.Y + depth.Y); // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. bounds = BoundingRectangle; } } //This is the section which deals with collision on the x-axis else if (collision == TileCollision.Impassable) // Ignore platforms. { // Resolve the collision along the X axis. Position = new Vector2(Position.X + depth.X, Position.Y); // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. bounds = BoundingRectangle; } } } } } // Save the new bounds bottom. previousBottom = bounds.Bottom; }

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  • The Safest Work Area Ever! [Humorous Image]

    - by Asian Angel
    No worries about being strangled by cords, being smacked in the head by a stray hanging hard-drive, or having stuff fall from the ceiling and hitting you, right? View the Full-Size Version for a Good Close-Up Ran out of cable ties. [via Reddit - Tech Support Gore] 6 Ways Windows 8 Is More Secure Than Windows 7 HTG Explains: Why It’s Good That Your Computer’s RAM Is Full 10 Awesome Improvements For Desktop Users in Windows 8

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  • Random Position between ranges.

    - by blakey87
    Does anyone have a good algorithm for generating a random y position for spawning a block, which takes into account a minimum and maximum height, allowing player to to jump on the block. Blocks will continually be spawned, so the player must always be able to jump onto the next block, bearing in mind the minimum position which would be the ground, and the maximum which would the players jump height bearing in mind the ceiling

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  • How do I randomly generate a top-down 2D level with separate sections and is infinite?

    - by Bagofsheep
    I've read many other questions/answers about random level generation but most of them deal with either randomly/proceduraly generating 2D levels viewed from the side or 3D levels. What I'm trying to achieve is sort of like you were looking straight down on a Minecraft map. There is no height, but the borders of each "biome" or "section" of the map are random and varied. I already have basic code that can generate a perfectly square level with the same tileset (randomly picking segments from the tileset image), but I've encountered a major issue for wanting the level to be infinite: Beyond a certain point, the tiles' positions become negative on one or both of the axis. The code I use to only draw tiles the player can see relies on taking the tiles position and converting it to the index number that represents it in the array. As you well know, arrays cannot have a negative index. Here is some of my code: This generates the square (or rectangle) of tiles: //Scale is in tiles public void Generate(int sX, int sY) { scaleX = sX; scaleY = sY; for (int y = 0; y <= scaleY; y++) { tiles.Add(new List<Tile>()); for (int x = 0; x <= scaleX; x++) { tiles[tiles.Count - 1].Add(tileset.randomTile(x * tileset.TileSize, y * tileset.TileSize)); } } } Before I changed the code after realizing an array index couldn't be negative my for loops looked something like this to center the map around (0, 0): for (int y = -scaleY / 2; y <= scaleY / 2; y++) for (int x = -scaleX / 2; x <= scaleX / 2; x++) Here is the code that draws the tiles: int startX = (int)Math.Floor((player.Position.X - (graphics.Viewport.Width) - tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int endX = (int)Math.Ceiling((player.Position.X + (graphics.Viewport.Width) + tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int startY = (int)Math.Floor((player.Position.Y - (graphics.Viewport.Height) - tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int endY = (int)Math.Ceiling((player.Position.Y + (graphics.Viewport.Height) + tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); for (int y = startY; y < endY; y++) { for (int x = startX; x < endX; x++) { if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x <= scaleX && y <= scaleY) tiles[y][x].Draw(spriteBatch); } } So to summarize what I'm asking: First, how do I randomly generate a top-down 2D map with different sections (not chunks per se, but areas with different tile sets) and second, how do I get past this negative array index issue?

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  • 2D Tile Based Collision Detection

    - by MrPlosion1243
    There are a lot of topics about this and it seems each one addresses a different problem, this topic does the same. I was looking into tile collision detection and found this where David Gouveia explains a great way to get around the person's problem by separating the two axis. So I implemented the solution and it all worked perfectly from all the testes I through at it. Then I implemented more advanced platforming physics and the collision detection broke down. Unfortunately I have not been able to get it to work again which is where you guys come in :)! I will present the code first: public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.A)) { velocity.X -= moveAcceleration; } else if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.D)) { velocity.X += moveAcceleration; } if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { if((onGround && isPressable) || (!onGround && airTime <= maxAirTime && isPressable)) { onGround = false; airTime += (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; velocity.Y = initialJumpVelocity * (1.0f - (float)Math.Pow(airTime / maxAirTime, Math.PI)); } } else if(Input.GetKeyReleased(Keys.Space)) { isPressable = false; } if(onGround) { velocity.X *= groundDrag; velocity.Y = 0.0f; } else { velocity.X *= airDrag; velocity.Y += gravityAcceleration; } velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.Y, -maxFallSpeed, maxFallSpeed); velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.X, -maxMoveSpeed, maxMoveSpeed); position += velocity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; position = new Vector2((float)Math.Round(position.X), (float)Math.Round(position.Y)); if(Math.Round(velocity.X) != 0.0f) { HandleCollisions2(Direction.Horizontal); } if(Math.Round(velocity.Y) != 0.0f) { HandleCollisions2(Direction.Vertical); } } private void HandleCollisions2(Direction direction) { int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)Bounds.Top / Tile.PixelTileSize); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)Bounds.Bottom / Tile.PixelTileSize) - 1; int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)Bounds.Left / Tile.PixelTileSize); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)Bounds.Right / Tile.PixelTileSize) - 1; for(int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; x++) { for(int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; y++) { Rectangle tileBounds = new Rectangle(x * Tile.PixelTileSize, y * Tile.PixelTileSize, Tile.PixelTileSize, Tile.PixelTileSize); Vector2 depth; if(Tile.IsSolid(x, y) && Intersects(tileBounds, direction, out depth)) { if(direction == Direction.Horizontal) { position.X += depth.X; } else { onGround = true; isPressable = true; airTime = 0.0f; position.Y += depth.Y; } } } } } From the code you can see when velocity.X is not equal to zero the HandleCollisions() Method is called along the horizontal axis and likewise for the vertical axis. When velocity.X is not equal to zero and velocity.Y is equal to zero it works fine. When velocity.Y is not equal to zero and velocity.X is equal to zero everything also works fine. However when both axis are not equal to zero that's when it doesn't work and I don't know why. I basically teleport to the left side of a tile when both axis are not equal to zero and there is a air block next to me. Hopefully someone can see the problem with this because I sure don't as far as I'm aware nothing has even changed from what I'm doing to what the linked post's solution is doing. Thanks.

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  • How'd they do it: Millions of tiles in Terraria

    - by William 'MindWorX' Mariager
    I've been working up a game engine similar to Terraria, mostly as a challenge, and while I've figured out most of it, I can't really seem to wrap my head around how they handle the millions of interactable/harvestable tiles the game has at one time. Creating around 500.000 tiles, that is 1/20th of what's possible in Terraria, in my engine causes the frame-rate to drop from 60 to around 20, even tho I'm still only rendering the tiles in view. Mind you, I'm not doing anything with the tiles, only keeping them in memory. Update: Code added to show how I do things. This is part of a class, which handles the tiles and draws them. I'm guessing the culprit is the "foreach" part, which iterates everything, even empty indexes. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { foreach (Tile tile in this.Tiles) { if (tile != null) { if (tile.Position.X < -this.Offset.X + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.X > -this.Offset.X + 1024 - 48) continue; if (tile.Position.Y < -this.Offset.Y + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.Y > -this.Offset.Y + 768 - 48) continue; tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ... Also here is the Tile.Draw method, which could also do with an update, as each Tile uses four calls to the SpriteBatch.Draw method. This is part of my autotiling system, which means drawing each corner depending on neighboring tiles. texture_* are Rectangles, are set once at level creation, not each update. ... public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { if (this.type == TileType.TileSet) { spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position, texture_tl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 0), texture_tr, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(0, 8), texture_bl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 8), texture_br, this.BlendColor); } } ... Any critique or suggestions to my code is welcome. Update: Solution added. Here's the final Level.Draw method. The Level.TileAt method simply checks the inputted values, to avoid OutOfRange exceptions. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { Int32 startx = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.X - 32) / 16); Int32 endx = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.X + 1024 + 32) / 16); Int32 starty = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.Y - 32) / 16); Int32 endy = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.Y + 768 + 32) / 16); for (Int32 x = startx; x < endx; x += 1) { for (Int32 y = starty; y < endy; y += 1) { Tile tile = this.TileAt(x, y); if (tile != null) tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ...

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  • Procedual level generation for a platformer game (tilebased) using player physics

    - by Notbad
    I have been searching for information about how to build a 2d world generator (tilebased) for a platformer game I am developing. The levels should look like dungeons with a ceiling and a floor and they will have a high probability of being just made of horizontal rooms but sometimes they can have exits to a top/down room. Here is an example of what I would like to achieve. I'm refering only to the caves part. I know level design won't be that great when generated but I think it is possible to have something good enough for people to enjoy the procedural maps (Note: Supermetrod Spoiler!): http://www.snesmaps.com/maps/SuperMetroid/SuperMetroidMapNorfair.html Well, after spending some time thinking about this I have some ideas to create the maps that I would like to share with you: 1) I have read about celular automatas and I would like to use them to carve the rooms but instead of carving just a tile at once I would like to carve full columns of tiles. Of course this carving system will have some restrictions like how many tiles must be left for the roof and the ceiling, etc... This way I could get much cleaner rooms than using the ussual automata. 2) I want some branching into the rooms. It will have little probability to happen but I definitely want it. Thinking about carving I came to the conclusion that I could be using some sort of path creation algorithm that the carving system would follow to create a path in the rooms. This could be more noticiable if we make the carving system to carve columns with the height of a corridor or with the height of a wide room (this will be added to the system as a param). This way at some point I could spawn a new automa beside the main one to create braches. This new automata should play side by side with the first one to create dead ends, islands (both paths created by the automatas meet at some point or lead to the same room. It would be too long to explain here all the tests I have done, etc... just will try to summarize the problems to see if anyone could bring some light to solve them (I don't mind sharing my successes but I think they aren't too relevant): 1) Zone reachability: How can I make sure that the player will be able to reach all zones I created (mainly when branches happen or vertical rooms are created). When branches are created I have to make sure that there will be a way to get onto the new created branch. I mean a bifurcation that the player could follow. Player will follow the main path or jump to a platform to get onto the other way). On the other hand if an island is created by the meeting of both branches I need to make sure the player will be able to get onto the island too. 2) When a branch is created and corridors are generated for each branch how can I make then both merge or repel to create an island or just make them separated corridors. 3) When I create a branch and an island is created becasue both corridors merge at somepoint or they lead to the same room, is there any way to detect this and randomize where to create the needed platforms to get onto the created isle? This platforms could be created at the start of the island or at the end. I guess part of the problem could be solved using some sort of graph following the created paths but I'm a bit lost in this sea of precedural content creation :). On the other hand I don't expect a solution to the problem but some information to get me moving forward again. Thanks in advance.

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  • Word characteristics tags

    - by theBlinker
    I want to do a riddle AI chatbot for my AI class. So i figgured the input to the chatbot would be : Something like : "It is blue, and it is up, but it is not the ceiling" Translation : <Object X> <blue> <up> <!ceiling> </Object X> (Answer : sky?) So Input is a set of characteristics (existing \ not existing in the object), output is a matched, most likely object. The domain will be limited to a number of objects, i could input all attributes myself, but i was thinking : How could I programatically build a database of characteristics for a word? Is there such a database available? How could i tag a word, how could i programatically find all it's attributes? I was thinking on crawling wikipedia, or some forum, but i can't see it build any reliable word tag database. Any ideas on how i could achieve such a thing? Any ideas on some literature on the subject? Thank you

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  • Fragment shader seems to floor() imprecisely

    - by Peter K.
    I'm trying to interpolate coordinates in my fragment shader. Unfortunately if close to the upper edge the interpolated value of fVertexInteger seems to be rounded up instead of beeing floored. This happens above approximately fVertexInteger >= x.97. Example: floor(64.7) returns 64.0 -- correct floor(64.98) returns 65.0 -- incorrect The same happens on ceiling close above x.0, where ceil(65.02) returns 65.0 instead of 66.0. Q: Any ideas how to solve this? Note: GL ES 2.0 with GLSL 1.0 highp floats are not supported in fragment shaders on my hardware flat varying hasn't been a solution, because I'm drawing TRIANGLE_STRIP and can't redeclare the provoking vertex (only OpenGL 3.2+) Fragment Shader: varying float fVertexInteger; varying float fVertexFraction; void main() { // Fix vertex integer fixedVertexInteger = floor(fVertexInteger); // Fragment color gl_FragColor = vec4( fixedVertexInteger / 65025.0, fract(fixedVertexInteger / 255.0), fVertexFraction, 1.0 ); }

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