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  • Country selection, when country is not listed

    - by David Balažic
    While this might not 100% match the intent of this site, it was the closest match from Stackexchange sites. So, if a web site (the "entrance" page) offers a choice (a list) of countries, with the text "Chose your country", but the users country is not listed, what should he do? One example is http://www.samsung.com/countryselection.do Addition: I ask this standing in the users position. I encounter a web site and it gives me the above page. What to do? Another issue: What is "my" country? My current location? My permanent residence? The country of my citizenship? Something else?

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  • Multiple country-specific domains or one global domain [closed]

    - by CJM
    Possible Duplicate: How should I structure my urls for both SEO and localization? My company currently has its main (English) site on a .com domain with a .co.uk alias. In addition, we have separate sites for certain other countries - these are also hosted in the UK but are distinct sites with a country-specific domain names (.de, .fr, .se, .es), and the sites have differing amounts of distinct but overlapping content, For example, the .es site is entirely in Spanish and has a page for every section of the UK site but little else. Whereas the .de site has much more content (but still less than the UK site), in German, and geared towards our business focus in that country. The main point is that the content in the additional sites is a subset of the UK, is translated into the local language, and although sometimes is simply only a translated version of UK content, it is usually 'tweaked' for the local market, and in certain areas, contains unique content. The other sites get a fraction of the traffic of the UK site. This is perfectly understandable since the biggest chunk of work comes from the UK, and we've been established here for over 30 years. However, we are wanting to build up our overseas business and part of that is building up our websites to support this. The Question: I posed a suggestion to the business that we might consider consolidating all our websites onto the .com domain but with /en/de/fr/se/etc sections, as plenty of other companies seem to do. The theory was that the non-english sites would benefit from the greater reputation of the parent .com domain, and that all the content would be mutually supporting - my fear is that the child domains on their own are too small to compete on their own compared to competitors who are established in these countries. Speaking to an SEO consultant from my hosting company, he feels that this move would have some benefit (for the reasons mentioned), but they would likely be significantly outweighed by the loss of the benefits of localised domains. Specifically, he said that since the Panda update, and particularly the two sets of changes this year, that we would lose more than we would gain. Having done some Panda research since, I've had my eyes opened on many issues, but curiously I haven't come across much that mentions localised domain names, though I do question whether Google would see it as duplicated content. It's not that I disagree with the consultant, I just want to know more before I make recommendations to my company. What is the prevailing opinion in this case? Would I gain anything from consolidating country-specific content onto one domain? Would Google see this as duplicate content? Would there be an even greater penalty from the loss of country-specific domains? And is there anything else I can do to help support the smaller, country-specific domains?

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  • Country specific content vs global content

    - by Ando
    I have a global product presentation website myproduct.com For certain countries I also own the country domain: myproduct.co.uk, myproduct.com.au, myproduct.es, myproduct.de, etc. The presentation website is translated in multiple languages and I set up redirects: myproduct.es will redirect to myproduct.com/es/, myproduct.de will redirect to myproduct.com/de/, etc. . The content so far is the same, just translated in different languages. The advantages are that it's easy to keep the content aligned - everything is managed from one centralized dashboard (I'm using Wordpress with qtranslate). Now I'm running into trouble as for different countries I want localized content - for UK I want to run different promotions and use a different reseller than for .com.au so I would like that users coming from myproduct.co.uk see something different than those coming from myproduct.com.au (and not be redirected to myproduct.com as they are right now). How can I achieve this? I could duplicate the whole main website and modify only certain parts but then I would have a lot of duplicate content (e.g. info about how the product works) and I would have pages that are likely to change (FAQ page) that I would have to keep updated over all websites. I can duplicate only partially the main website: on the localized website I would have only the pages that are different and then all other links would point to the .com site. This would solve the duplication problem but would cause confusion for the user as you would navigate from .co.uk to .com without noticing and then wonder how to get back. Other, better option?

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  • Divide pivot table data by an arbitrary column in another table

    - by rsavu
    Hello all, I have this data from a pivot table: Countries P1 P2 Total Country 1 10 69 Country 2 36 2 92 Country 3 21 24 100 Country 4 22 77 Country 5 13 79 Country 6 12 1 48 Country 7 14 29 Country 8 22 1 46 Country 9 4 1 31 Country 10 16 7 120 Country 11 25 2 114 Country 12 8 11 68 Country 13 5 27 Country 14 11 3 23 Country 15 6 19 Country 16 33 79 Where: 1st column is the country name 2nd and 3rd column are the tickets introduced in the system 4th column is the total (disregard the data - total is not accurate) Additionally, I have another table that looks like this: Country P1 P2 Country 1 2 3 Country 2 2 2 Country 3 0 2 Country 4 0 3 Country 5 1 1 Country 6 2 2 Country 7 1 2 Country 8 3 3 Country 9 1 4 Country 10 2 1 Country 11 4 2 Country 12 2 1 Country 13 3 2 Country 14 3 3 Country 15 1 2 Country 16 2 2 Where the data represents the number of users of the application in each country. I want to be able to show the number of tickets submitted divided by the number of users in each country. Any ideeas how to do that? Thank you very much, Razvan

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  • Economical DNS hosting separate from local registrar for country specific TLDs - email or web hosting not required

    - by Eric Nguyen
    Our company owns many country specific top level domains (TLDs; .sg, .my). We will purchase more for other countries in all South East Asia. These domains are associated with our websites hosted on Amazon EC2. The DNS records are currently hosted on a dedicated server that will shut down tomorrow. (The name servers are set to the ones of a web hosting company) Therefore, I will need to host the DNS records somewhere else. Hosting the DNS records with the local registrar costs SGD18 a year per domain in addition to the domain price (which is already very expensive but we have no choice). It would be convenience to host DNS recors for all the country specific TLDs we have using a single service, separate from the local registrars from which we bought the domains. A few searches prompted examples like Amazon Route 53 and dnsmadeeasy.com and the likes. However, since I'm only concern about the country specific TLDs, not .com 1) Is it really economical to host DNS records of all domains in 1 single place as described above? (Have the relevant countries and/or the local registrars done something to keep their monopoly and always charges ridiculous prices for their country specific TLDs?) 2) I would imagine I will need to tell the local registrars to update the name servers to those of the DNS hosting service provider e.g. dnsmadeeasy.com here. Am I correct about how it works here? 3) Will I be able point the TLDs themselves to IP addresses I desire (the EC2 instances where my websites are) or will I only able to do so with the subdomains? 4) Are there any drawbacks that I should know here? Background about our needs: We need the websites associated with the country TLDs to be up and running all the times Also, we'll need to be able to add/edit A and CNAME records We use Google Apps for Business for internal email so I will need to be able to add/edit MX records and TXT records

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  • Getting visitors country from their IP

    - by Ali Abdulkarim Salem
    i want to get visitors country via their IP.. right now I'm using this ( http://api.hostip.info/country.php?ip=...... ) here's my code <?php if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) { $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']; } if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) { $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']; } else { $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } $cip = $real_ip_adress; $iptolocation = 'http://api.hostip.info/country.php?ip=' . $cip; $creatorlocation = file_get_contents($iptolocation); ?> Well, it's working properly, but the thing is, this returns the country code like US or CA., and not the whole country name like United States or Canada So, is there any good alternative to hostip.info offers this? I know that I can just write some code that will eventually turn this two letters to whole country name, but I'm just too lazy to write a code that contains all countries... P.S: For some reason I don't want to use any ready made CSV file or any code that will grab this information for me, something like ip2country ready made code and CSV.

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  • How do you detect a website visitor's country (Specifically, US or not)?

    - by BigDave
    I need to show different links for US and non-US visitors to my site. This is for convenience only, so I am not looking for a super-high degree of accuracy, and security or spoofing are not a concern. I know there are geotargeting services and lists, but this seems like overkill since I only need to determine (roughly) if the person is in the US or not. I was thinking about using JavaScript to get the user's timezone, but this appears to only give the offset, so users in Canada, Mexico, and South America would have the same value as people in the US. Are there any other bits of information available either in JavaScript, or PHP, short of grabbing the IP address and doing a lookup, to determine this?

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  • Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

    - by Claudiu
    Hi all, I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option> <!-- and so on --> </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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  • Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

    - by Claudiu
    I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option> <!-- and so on --> </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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  • List of phone number country codes

    - by jesperlind
    On this Wikipedia entry I found out that ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is providing such list of country calling codes. Here is a pdf: http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-2009-PDF-E.pdf I wonder where to find this in a xml file or similar? I need to do find out which country a phone number is from, both in javascript and c#.

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  • SEO + international sites? country.domain.com or domain.country?

    - by Pure.Krome
    Hi folks, is it better to have seperate country specific domains (which costs more money) or subdomains which define the country, for better SEO? eg. stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com.au stackoverflow.co.uk vs stackoverflow.com au.stackoverflow.com uk.stackoverflow.com Assumption: int the search engine web master tools, each subdomain are associated to a country. eg. au.stackoverflow.com is associated to the country Australia. cheers! Update I understand that both methods do work, especially when i utilize the assumption, listed above. The question is about: Which method is better? Is there such a small SEO difference between them? Is the first method way way way better than the second with getting better SEO results? Update #2 A number of folks have suggested that the following is a good/better approach: stackoverflow.com/ stackoverflow.com/au stackoverflow.com/uk By adding a country specific iso code to the end of the url/the first folder of the domain can be recognised as the country. But a number of SEO mates have suggested that this is a valuable waste of folder level space. Er.. how can i explain. Ok, it's been suggested by some SEO experts that if the number of levels or folders in the domain exceeds 5 then the page drops dramatically in importance. Basically, you don't want to make it deep. As such, adding the country as the first level can be considered a waste, especially when it can be handled by the domain OR subdomain - hence the question :) So, any more thoughts on this? (Maybe SO is the wrong place to ask this question?)

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  • How LINQ to Object statements work

    - by rajbk
    This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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  • Is it possible to block traffic originating from a specific country?

    - by mickburkejnr
    Hi guys, My personal website is currently getting a lot of spam comments at the moment, and most of them originate from Russia (I've used Google Analytics to identify the traffic, and a lot of the links link to Russian sites). As it's a pain to keep deleting this comments, I would like to ban people from there commenting or visiting the website. Is this possible? Also, the website is using WordPress. Many thanks!

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  • Django: Country drop down list?

    - by User
    I have a form for address information. One of the fields is for the address country. Currently this is just a textbox. I would like a drop down list (of ISO 3166 countries) for this. I'm a django newbie so I haven't even used a Django Select widget yet. What is a good way to do this? Hard-code the choices in a file somewhere? Put them in the database? In the template?

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  • SEO for Country & Language Specific content.

    - by kecebongsoft
    Currently I am creating a website which has a common topic for an article, but it's going to be different content for each country, and also, each of that content will be provided in several languages. And this mechanism exists in most of the parts in the website. For example, I have an article about tax. This article has to be different for each country, for example china. And tax content for china should be written in china AND english language (for non china-speaker). What is the best URL pattern to handle this? What I've been thinking is, using a sub folder (/country-code/language-code/) such as: www.example.com/cn/cn/tax www.example.com/cn/en/tax Or using top level domain such as: www.example.cn/cn/tax www.example.cn/en/tax Or subdomain such as cn.example.com/cn/tax cn.example.com/en/tax I think I will not prefer the last option since I might need to use subdomain for other purpose. Which left only subfolder and TLDN. I've read some articles saying that TLDN is good for localized content (language-specific content), but in my case, my TLDN will also has english contents (for non local speaker) which is specific only to that particular country (also the purpose of this is to let people from other country easily search it through google). What is the best pattern to pick and why?.

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  • sell ccv good and fresh sell cvv all country fullz info

    - by underworld
    ICQ: 640240418 YH: underworld_cvv Mail: [email protected] WELCOME TO MY UNDERWORLD ! I'm is Professional seller,more than 5 years experience,i started work in 2008,i have sold cvv credit card to many customers all over the world. Selling cvv, fullz many country as: Canada,USA,Australia,UK...all And many country in Europe: Fr,Ger,Spain,Ita... I hope we will work together for a long time. Always sell cvv quality with high balance. I have a website but if you want buy cvv good price please contact me. Have Cvv with Bin or Cvv with DOB,VBV if customer claim. List Price Some Cvv (good price for good buyer) -Us: 5$ /1 -Us VBV-DOB : 8$ /1 -Us fullz : 40$ /1 -Us (amex,discover) : 8$ /1 -Ca : 10$ /1 -Ca DOB : 20$ /1 -Ca fullz : 50$ /1 -Ca with bin : 15$ /1 -Au : 10$ /1 -Au DOB : 20$ /1 -Uk : 10$ /1 -Uk DOB-VBV : 20$ /1 -Fr : 15$ /1 -Fr DOB-VBV : 25$ /1 -Ger : 18$ /1 -Ger with DOB : 25$ /1 -Spain : 15$ /1 -Spain Fullz : 40$ /1 -Ita : 15$ /1 -Ita with DOB : 25$ /1 -Japan : 15$ /1 -Japan with DOB : 25$ /1 Cvv random country -Denmark : 25$ /1 -Sweden : 20$ /1 -Switzerland : 20$ /1 -Slovakia : 20$ /1 -Netherlands : 18$ /1 -Mexico : 15 /1 -Middle East : 18$ /1 -New zeland : 18$ /1 -Asia : 15$ /1 -Ireland : 18$ /1 -Belgium : 15$ /1 -Taiwan : 15$ /1 -UAE : 20$ /1 And many country... Some Bins -Us bins: 517805,488893,492536,408181,542432,482880,374355,374372... -Ca bins: 450003,450008,451242,450060,549198,533833,519123,544612... -Uk bins: 4547,5506,5569,5404,5031,4921,5505,5506,4921,4550... -Ger bins: 492942,490762,530127... -Au bins: 543568,450605,494053,450606,456475,521893,519163... -Fr bins: 497847,497831,497841,497849,497820,497825,497833... -And others bins for others country... Format France fullz Nom : di murro Prenom : mariano Adresse : rue des caillettes Ville : Corbeil Essonnes Code Postale : 91100 Telephone : 33672492372 ========== (2eme Tape) ========== Nom de Bank : crédit agricole Nom de Carte Bancaire : di murro mariano Date de naissance : 12 / 02 / 1969 Type de carte : MasterCard Numero de carte : 5131018223855xxx Numero de compte : Date d'expiration : 10 / 2014 CVN : 336 -WARRANTY time is 12 HOURS. Any cvv purchase over 12 hours can not warranty. -If you buy over 30 cvvs, i will sell for you best price. -I will discount for you if you are reseller or you order everyday many on the next day. -I only accept payment money by PerfectMoney (PM) Western Union (WU) and MoneyGram. -I will prove to you that I am the best sellers. And make sure you will enjoy doing business with me. Contact: ICQ: 640240418 YH: underworld_cvv Mail: [email protected]

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  • Safety of purchasing country-specific domains from registrars?

    - by Marc Bollinger
    None of the previous questions tackle some of the one-off (or further) countries' registries, beyond .co.uk, .it, et al. or else I'd have found an answer myself. Is it safe to buy a domain from a foreign country TLD from a registrar? http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ I'm just looking for information for a vanity domain, so obviously I'm alright without an answer, but it's an unasked question (or at least, unanswered), and I'm not exactly in a hurry to give my credit card information over country lines, sight unseen.

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