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  • Constraints while designing the Java generics

    - by Andrea
    Java generics look quite different from those available in Scala, although both were designed by Martin Odersky. From my point of view, the design of generics in Java is worse, for instance: there is no possibility to specify variance one can get around the previous limitation by using wildcards, but this means the burden of specifying variance goes on the caller instead of the library designer one cannot use a type constructor in generics What were the constraints in Java that forced Odersky to design this mechanism for generics instead of the more flexible one he devised for Scala? Was he just savvier a few years later or there were actual limitations due to Java?

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  • Why don’t UI frameworks use generics?

    - by romkyns
    One way of looking at type safety is that it adds automatic tests all over your code that stop some things breaking in some ways. One of the tools that helps this in .NET is generics. However, both WinForms and WPF are generics-free. There is no ListBox<T> control, for example, which could only show items of the specified type. Such controls invariably operate on object instead. Why are generics and not popular with UI framework developers?

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  • How are generics implemented?

    - by greenoldman
    This is the question from compiler internals perspective. I am interested in generics, not templates (C++), so I marked the question with C#. Not Java, because AFAIK the generics in both languages differ in implementations. When I look at languages w/o generics it is pretty straightforward, you can validate the class definition, add it to hierarchy and that's it. But what to do with generic class, and more importantly how handle references to it? How to make sure that static fields are singular per instantiations (i.e. each time generic parameters are resolved). Let's say I see a call: var x = new Foo<Bar>(); Do I add new Foo_Bar class to hierarchy? Update: So far I found only 2 relevant posts, however even they don't go into much details in sense "how to do it by yourself": http://www.jprl.com/Blog/archive/development/2007/Aug-31.html http://www.artima.com/intv/generics2.html

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  • JavaOne 2012 - Java Generics

    - by Sharon Zakhour
    At JavaOne 2012, Venkat Subramaniam of Agile Developer, Inc, presented a conference session titled "The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly of Java Generics." Dr Subramaniam discussed the use of generics, what to watch out for when using generics, and best practices. To learn more about working with generics, see the Generics trail in the Java Tutorials. The trail was recently expanded and coverage added for the following topics: Generics, Inheritance, and Subtypes Guidelines for Wildcard Use Restrictions on Generics Wildcard Capture and Helper Methods Effects of Type Erasure and Bridge Methods

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  • Instantiating generics type in java

    - by Mohd Farid
    I would like to create an object of Generics Type in java. Please suggest how can I achieve the same. suppose I have the class declaration as: public class Abc<T> { public static void main(String[] args) { // I want to create an instance of T } }

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  • Generics & Collections!

    - by RayAllen
    I had a doubt. Why,generics (in java or any other lang), works with the objects and not with primitive types ? For e.g Gen< Integer inum=new Gen< Integer(100); works fine , but Gen< int inums=new Gen< int(100); is not allowed. Thanks !

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  • using Generics in C# [closed]

    - by Uphaar Goyal
    I have started looking into using generics in C#. As an example what i have done is that I have an abstract class which implements generic methods. these generic methods take a sql query, a connection string and the Type T as parameters and then construct the data set, populate the object and return it back. This way each business object does not need to have a method to populate it with data or construct its data set. All we need to do is pass the type, the sql query and the connection string and these methods do the rest.I am providing the code sample here. I am just looking to discuss with people who might have a better solution to what i have done. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using MWTWorkUnitMgmtLib.Business; using System.Collections.ObjectModel; using System.Reflection; namespace MWTWorkUnitMgmtLib.TableGateway { public abstract class TableGateway { public TableGateway() { } protected abstract string GetConnection(); protected abstract string GetTableName(); public DataSet GetDataSetFromSql(string connectionString, string sql) { DataSet ds = null; using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) using (SqlCommand command = connection.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = sql; connection.Open(); using (ds = new DataSet()) using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command)) { adapter.Fill(ds); } } return ds; } public static bool ContainsColumnName(DataRow dr, string columnName) { return dr.Table.Columns.Contains(columnName); } public DataTable GetDataTable(string connString, string sql) { DataSet ds = GetDataSetFromSql(connString, sql); DataTable dt = null; if (ds != null) { if (ds.Tables.Count 0) { dt = ds.Tables[0]; } } return dt; } public T Construct(DataRow dr, T t) where T : class, new() { Type t1 = t.GetType(); PropertyInfo[] properties = t1.GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo property in properties) { if (ContainsColumnName(dr, property.Name) && (dr[property.Name] != null)) property.SetValue(t, dr[property.Name], null); } return t; } public T GetByID(string connString, string sql, T t) where T : class, new() { DataTable dt = GetDataTable(connString, sql); DataRow dr = dt.Rows[0]; return Construct(dr, t); } public List GetAll(string connString, string sql, T t) where T : class, new() { List collection = new List(); DataTable dt = GetDataTable(connString, sql); foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows) collection.Add(Construct(dr, t)); return collection; } } }

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  • F# Class with Generics : 'constructor deprecated' error

    - by akaphenom
    I am trying to create a a class that will store a time series of data - organized by groups, but I had some compile errors so I stripped down to the basics (just a simple instantiation) and still can't overcome the compile error. I was hoping some one may have seen this issue before. Clas is defined as: type TimeSeriesQueue<'V, 'K when 'K: comparison> = class val private m_daysInCache: int val private m_cache: Map<'K, 'V list ref > ref; val private m_getKey: ('V -> 'K) ; private new(getKey) = { m_cache = ref Map.empty m_daysInCache = 7 ; m_getKey = getKey ; } end So that looks OK to me (it may not be, but doesnt have any errors or warnings) - the instantiation gets the error: type tempRec = { someKey: string ; someVal1: int ; someVal2: int ; } let keyFunc r:tempRec = r.someKey // error occurs on the following line let q = new TimeSeriesQueue<tempRec, string> keyFunc This construct is deprecated: The use of the type syntax 'int C' and 'C ' is not permitted here. Consider adjusting this type to be written in the form 'C' NOTE This may be simple stupidity - I am just getting back from holiday and my brain is still on time zone lag...

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  • Generics and Performance question.

    - by Tarmon
    Hey Everyone, I was wondering if anyone could look over a class I wrote, I am receiving generic warnings in Eclipse and I am just wondering if it could be cleaned up at all. All of the warnings I received are surrounded in ** in my code below. The class takes a list of strings in the form of (hh:mm AM/PM) and converts them into HourMinute objects in order to find the first time in the list that comes after the current time. I am also curious about if there are more efficient ways to do this. This works fine but the student in me just wants to find out how I could do this better. public class FindTime { private String[] hourMinuteStringArray; public FindTime(String[] hourMinuteStringArray){ this.hourMinuteStringArray = hourMinuteStringArray; } public int findTime(){ HourMinuteList hourMinuteList = convertHMStringArrayToHMArray(hourMinuteStringArray); Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(); int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); HourMinute now = new HourMinute(hour,minute); int nearestTimeIndex = findNearestTimeIndex(hourMinuteList, now); return nearestTimeIndex; } private int findNearestTimeIndex(HourMinuteList hourMinuteList, HourMinute now){ HourMinute current; int position = 0; Iterator<HourMinute> iterator = **hourMinuteList.iterator()**; while(iterator.hasNext()){ current = (HourMinute) iterator.next(); if(now.compareTo(current) == -1){ return position; } position++; } return position; } private static HourMinuteList convertHMStringArrayToHMArray(String[] times){ FindTime s = new FindTime(new String[1]); HourMinuteList list = s.new HourMinuteList(); String[] splitTime = new String[3]; for(String time : times ){ String[] tempFirst = time.split(":"); String[] tempSecond = tempFirst[1].split(" "); splitTime[0] = tempFirst[0]; splitTime[1] = tempSecond[0]; splitTime[2] = tempSecond[1]; int hour = Integer.parseInt(splitTime[0]); int minute = Integer.parseInt(splitTime[1]); HourMinute hm; if(splitTime[2] == "AM"){ hm = s.new HourMinute(hour,minute); } else if((splitTime[2].equals("PM")) && (hour < 12)){ hm = s.new HourMinute(hour + 12,minute); } else{ hm = s.new HourMinute(hour,minute); } **list.add(hm);** } return list; } class **HourMinuteList** extends **ArrayList** implements RandomAccess{ } class HourMinute implements **Comparable** { int hour; int minute; public HourMinute(int hour, int minute) { setHour(hour); setMinute(minute); } int getMinute() { return this.minute; } String getMinuteString(){ if(this.minute < 10){ return "0" + this.minute; }else{ return "" + this.minute; } } int getHour() { return this.hour; } void setHour(int hour) { this.hour = hour; } void setMinute(int minute) { this.minute = minute; } @Override public int compareTo(Object aThat) { if (aThat instanceof HourMinute) { HourMinute that = (HourMinute) aThat; if (this.getHour() == that.getHour()) { if (this.getMinute() > that.getMinute()) { return 1; } else if (this.getMinute() < that.getMinute()) { return -1; } else { return 0; } } else if (this.getHour() > that.getHour()) { return 1; } else if (this.getHour() < that.getHour()) { return -1; } else { return 0; } } return 0; } } If you have any questions let me know. Thanks, Rob

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  • java generics and the addAll method

    - by neesh
    What is the correct type of argument to the addAll(..) method in Java collections? If I do something like this: Collection<HashMap<String, Object[]>> addAll = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object[]>>(); // add some hashmaps to the list.. currentList.addAll(newElements); //currentList is of type: List<? extends Map<String, Object[]>> I understand I need to initialize both variables. However, I get a compilation error (from eclipse): Multiple markers at this line - The method addAll(Collection<? extends capture#1-of ? extends Map<String,Object[]>>) in the type List<capture#1-of ? extends Map<String,Object[]>> is not applicable for the arguments (List<capture#2-of ? extends Map<String,Object[]>>) - The method addAll(Collection<? extends capture#1-of ? extends Map<String,Object[]>>) in the type List<capture#1-of ? extends Map<String,Object[]>> is not applicable for the arguments (Collection<HashMap<String,Object[]>>) what am I doing wrong?

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  • Question about casting a class in Java with generics

    - by Florian F
    In Java 6 Class<? extends ArrayList<?>> a = ArrayList.class; gives and error, but Class<? extends ArrayList<?>> b = (Class<? extends ArrayList<?>>)ArrayList.class; gives a warning. Why is (a) an error? What is it, that Java needs to do in the assignment, if not the cast shown in (b)? And why isn't ArrayList compatible with ArrayList? I know one is "raw" and the other is "generic", but what is it you can do with an ArrayList and not with an ArrayList, or the other way around?

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  • Weird use of generics

    - by Karl Trumstedt
    After a bit of programming one of my classes used generics in a way I never seen before. I would like some opinions of this, if it's bad coding or not. abstract class Base<T> : where T : Base<T> { // omitted methods and properties. virtual void CopyTo(T instance) { /*code*/ } } class Derived : Base<Derived> { override void CopyTo(Derived instance) { base.CopyTo(instance); // copy remaining stuff here } } is this an OK use of generics or not? I'm mostly thinking about the constraint to "itself". I sometimes feel like generics can "explode" to other classes where I use the Base class.

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  • Generics and Exposing .Net Types For COM Consumers?

    - by IbrarMumtaz
    I remember seeing a question on my official MS 70-536 exam that talked about a simple class that was designed to be exposed for COM calling clients and etc. of all the members defined in the classes I chose the answer D. The one that used a generic. My question to you guys is this: If you were designing a .net custom type that was to be eventually consumed by a com caller or a com type .... of all the guidelines I have read on this subject. Generics is the one .Net topic I would not include in a class for this purpose I would omit such a data member or use something else? Am I right in thinking this. As soon as I saw this question I knew it was generics but I can't seem to prove it. Surely I did not make this up ... generics is a .net feature right?

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  • Generics vs inheritance (whenh no collection classes are involved)

    - by Ram
    This is an extension of this questionand probably might even be a duplicate of some other question(If so, please forgive me). I see from MSDN that generics are usually used with collections The most common use for generic classes is with collections like linked lists, hash tables, stacks, queues, trees and so on where operations such as adding and removing items from the collection are performed in much the same way regardless of the type of data being stored. The examples I have seen also validate the above statement. Can someone give a valid use of generics in a real-life scenario which does not involve any collections ? Pedantically, I was thinking about making an example which does not involve collections public class Animal<T> { public void Speak() { Console.WriteLine("I am an Animal and my type is " + typeof(T).ToString()); } public void Eat() { //Eat food } } public class Dog { public void WhoAmI() { Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().ToString()); } } and "An Animal of type Dog" will be Animal<Dog> magic = new Animal<Dog>(); It is entirely possible to have Dog getting inherited from Animal (Assuming a non-generic version of Animal)Dog:Animal Therefore Dog is an Animal Another example I was thinking was a BankAccount. It can be BankAccount<Checking>,BankAccount<Savings>. This can very well be Checking:BankAccount and Savings:BankAccount. Are there any best practices to determine if we should go with generics or with inheritance ?

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  • Generics vs inheritance (when no collection classes are involved)

    - by Ram
    This is an extension of this questionand probably might even be a duplicate of some other question(If so, please forgive me). I see from MSDN that generics are usually used with collections The most common use for generic classes is with collections like linked lists, hash tables, stacks, queues, trees and so on where operations such as adding and removing items from the collection are performed in much the same way regardless of the type of data being stored. The examples I have seen also validate the above statement. Can someone give a valid use of generics in a real-life scenario which does not involve any collections ? Pedantically, I was thinking about making an example which does not involve collections public class Animal<T> { public void Speak() { Console.WriteLine("I am an Animal and my type is " + typeof(T).ToString()); } public void Eat() { //Eat food } } public class Dog { public void WhoAmI() { Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().ToString()); } } and "An Animal of type Dog" will be Animal<Dog> magic = new Animal<Dog>(); It is entirely possible to have Dog getting inherited from Animal (Assuming a non-generic version of Animal)Dog:Animal Therefore Dog is an Animal Another example I was thinking was a BankAccount. It can be BankAccount<Checking>,BankAccount<Savings>. This can very well be Checking:BankAccount and Savings:BankAccount. Are there any best practices to determine if we should go with generics or with inheritance ?

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  • Class Generics break completely seperate method

    - by TheLQ
    I found a strange problem when I used class Generics Today: Setting some broke a completely separate method. Here's a small example class that illustrates the problem. This code works just fine public class Sandbox { public interface ListenerManagerTest { public Set<Listener> getListeners(); } public void setListenerManager(ListenerManagerTest listenerManager) { for (Listener curListener : listenerManager.getListeners()) return; } } Now as soon as I use class Generics, the getListeners() method returns Set<Object> instead of Set<Listener> public class Sandbox { public interface ListenerManagerTest<E extends Object> { public Set<Listener> getListeners(); } public void setListenerManager(ListenerManagerTest listenerManager) { for (Listener curListener : listenerManager.getListeners()) //Expected Listener, not Object return; } } What would cause this error? The ##java channel on Freenode said it was because of compile time candy and that I was using a raw type. But how would an raw class type break all generics in the class? And how would of worked before?

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  • Using generics with XmlSerializer

    - by MainMa
    Hi, When using XML serialization in C#, I use code like this: public MyObject LoadData() { XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject)); using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(settingsFileName)) { return (MyObject)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader); } } (and similar code for deserialization). It requires casting and is not really nice. Is there a way, directly in .NET Framework, to use generics with serialization? That is to say to write something like: public MyObject LoadData() { // Generics here. XmlSerializer<MyObject> xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(); using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(settingsFileName)) { // No casts nevermore. return xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader); } }

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  • Factory Method Pattern using Generics-C#

    - by nanda
    Just I am learning Generics.When i have an Abstract Method pattern like : //Abstract Product interface IPage { string pageType(); } //Concerete Product 1 class ResumePage : IPage { public string pageType() { return "Resume Page"; } } //Concrete Product 2 class SummaryPage : IPage { public string pageType() { return "SummaryPage"; } } //Fcatory Creator class FactoryCreator { public IPage CreateOnRequirement(int i) { if (i == 1) return new ResumePage(); else { return new SummaryPage(); } } } //Client/Consumer void Main() { FactoryCreator c = new FactoryCreator(); IPage p; p = c.CreateOnRequirement(1); Console.WriteLine("Page Type is {0}", p.pageType()); p = c.CreateOnRequirement(2); Console.WriteLine("Page Type is {0}", p.pageType()); Console.ReadLine(); } how to convert the code using generics?

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  • Unexpected generics behaviour

    - by pronicles
    I found strange generics behaviour. In two words - thing I realy want is to use ComplexObject1 in most general way, and the thing I realy missed is why defined generic type(... extends BuisnessObject) is lost. The discuss thread is also awailable in my blog http://pronicles.blogspot.com/2010/03/unexpected-generics-behaviour.html. public class Test { public interface EntityObject {} public interface SomeInterface {} public class BasicEntity implements EntityObject {} public interface BuisnessObject<E extends EntityObject> { E getEntity(); } public interface ComplexObject1<V extends SomeInterface> extends BusinessObject<BasicEntity> {} public interface ComplexObject2 extends BuisnessObject<BasicEntity> {} public void test(){ ComplexObject1 complexObject1 = null; ComplexObject2 complexObject2 = null; EntityObject entityObject1 = complexObject1.getEntity(); //BasicEntity entityObject1 = complexObject1.getEntity(); wtf incompatible types!!!! BasicEntity basicEntity = complexObject2.getEntity(); } }

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  • 'Why' and 'Where' Generics is actually used?

    - by NLV
    Hi all I know that generics are used to achieve type safety and i frequently read that they are largely used in custom collections. But why actually do we need to have it generic? For example, Why cant i use string[] instead of List<string> Lets consider i declare generic class and it has a property X T x; If i provide a method for the class which does x = x + 1; what does it mean actually? I dono what T is actually going to be and i dono what x = x + 1 going to perform actually? If i'm not able to do my own manipulations in my methods how the generics are going to be help me anyway? I've already studied lot of bookish answers. It would be much appreciated if any one can provide some clear insights in this. Regards NLV

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  • GHC.Generics and Type Families

    - by jberryman
    This is a question related to my module here, and is simplified a bit. It's also related to this previous question, in which I oversimplified my problem and didn't get the answer I was looking for. I hope this isn't too specific, and please change the title if you can think if a better one. Background My module uses a concurrent chan, split into a read side and write side. I use a special class with an associated type synonym to support polymorphic channel "joins": {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-} class Sources s where type Joined s newJoinedChan :: IO (s, Messages (Joined s)) -- NOT EXPORTED --output and input sides of channel: data Messages a -- NOT EXPORTED data Mailbox a instance Sources (Mailbox a) where type Joined (Mailbox a) = a newJoinedChan = undefined instance (Sources a, Sources b)=> Sources (a,b) where type Joined (a,b) = (Joined a, Joined b) newJoinedChan = undefined -- and so on for tuples of 3,4,5... The code above allows us to do this kind of thing: example = do (mb , msgsA) <- newJoinedChan ((mb1, mb2), msgsB) <- newJoinedChan --say that: msgsA, msgsB :: Messages (Int,Int) --and: mb :: Mailbox (Int,Int) -- mb1,mb2 :: Mailbox Int We have a recursive action called a Behavior that we can run on the messages we pull out of the "read" end of the channel: newtype Behavior a = Behavior (a -> IO (Behavior a)) runBehaviorOn :: Behavior a -> Messages a -> IO () -- NOT EXPORTED This would allow us to run a Behavior (Int,Int) on either of msgsA or msgsB, where in the second case both Ints in the tuple it receives actually came through separate Mailboxes. This is all tied together for the user in the exposed spawn function spawn :: (Sources s) => Behavior (Joined s) -> IO s ...which calls newJoinedChan and runBehaviorOn, and returns the input Sources. What I'd like to do I'd like users to be able to create a Behavior of arbitrary product type (not just tuples) , so for instance we could run a Behavior (Pair Int Int) on the example Messages above. I'd like to do this with GHC.Generics while still having a polymorphic Sources, but can't manage to make it work. spawn :: (Sources s, Generic (Joined s), Rep (Joined s) ~ ??) => Behavior (Joined s) -> IO s The parts of the above example that are actually exposed in the API are the fst of the newJoinedChan action, and Behaviors, so an acceptable solution can modify one or all of runBehaviorOn or the snd of newJoinedChan. I'll also be extending the API above to support sums (not implemented yet) like Behavior (Either a b) so I hoped GHC.Generics would work for me. Questions Is there a way I can extend the API above to support arbitrary Generic a=> Behavior a? If not using GHC's Generics, are there other ways I can get the API I want with minimal end-user pain (i.e. they just have to add a deriving clause to their type)?

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  • Problem in using C# generics with method overloading

    - by Siva Chandran
    I am trying to call an overloaded method based on the generic type. I've been doing this in C++ without any pain. But I really don't understand why am not able to do this in C# with generics. Can anybody help me how can I achieve this in C# with generics? class Test<T> { public T Val; public void Do(T val) { Val = val; MainClass.Print(Val); } } class MainClass { public static void Print(UInt16 val) { Console.WriteLine("UInt16: " + val.ToString()); } public static void Print(UInt32 val) { Console.WriteLine("UInt32: " + val.ToString()); } public static void Print(UInt64 val) { Console.WriteLine("UInt64: " + val.ToString()); } public static void Main (string[] args) { Test<UInt16> test = new Test<UInt16>(); test.Do(); } }

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