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  • How do I reduce the size of mlocate database?

    - by MountainX
    I'm out of space on /var 25G 25G 0 100% /var It looks like mlocate.db is the problem: # find . -printf '%s %p\n' | sort -nr | head 13140140032 ./lib/mlocate/mlocate.db.cgLMAM 12409839616 ./lib/mlocate/mlocate.db.MqGeqe cat /etc/updatedb.conf PRUNE_BIND_MOUNTS="yes" PRUNENAMES=".git .bzr .hg .svn" PRUNEPATHS="/tmp /var/spool /media" PRUNEFS="NFS nfs nfs4 rpc_pipefs afs binfmt_misc proc smbfs autofs iso9660 ncpfs coda devpts ftpfs devfs mfs shfs sysfs cifs lustre_lite tmpfs usbfs udf" I don't see anything else to prune. So how can I fix this? Thanks

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  • First time using Java Web Start in Ubuntu - Fatal Launch Exception

    - by MountainX
    I've been using Ubuntu for a while and Java Web Start applications have never "just worked" in the current or any prior version, so I ignored them until now. However, now I have a need to get them working in Firefox. When I am on a page like this: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/demos-nojavascript-137100.html I want to be able to click on the demos as suggested and have them run. I'm running Ubuntu 11.10 with Gnome 3 and/or Linux Mint 12 (64 bit) with OpenJDK 6, OpenJDK 7 and Sun Java 6. My default is currently: /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/bin/java $ whereis javaws javaws: /usr/bin/javaws /etc/alternatives/javaws - /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/bin/javaws Here's the error I get when I try to run a Java Web Start application: net.sourceforge.jnlp.LaunchException: Fatal: Initialization Error: Could not initialize application. at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.createApplication(Launcher.java:776) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.launchApplication(Launcher.java:552) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher$TgThread.run(Launcher.java:887) Caused by: net.sourceforge.jnlp.LaunchException: Fatal: Initialization Error: A fatal error occurred while trying to verify jars. at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.initializeResources(JNLPClassLoader.java:448) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.<init>(JNLPClassLoader.java:176) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.getInstance(JNLPClassLoader.java:295) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.createApplication(Launcher.java:767) ... 2 more Caused by: net.sourceforge.jnlp.LaunchException: Fatal: Initialization Error: A fatal error occurred while trying to verify jars. at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.initializeResources(JNLPClassLoader.java:448) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.<init>(JNLPClassLoader.java:176) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.JNLPClassLoader.getInstance(JNLPClassLoader.java:295) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.createApplication(Launcher.java:767) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.launchApplication(Launcher.java:552) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher$TgThread.run(Launcher.java:887) Here's another example: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/events/keylistener.html net.sourceforge.jnlp.LaunchException: Fatal: Read Error: Could not read or parse the JNLP file. at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.fromUrl(Launcher.java:491) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:283) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.run(Boot.java:199) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.run(Boot.java:51) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.main(Boot.java:165) Caused by: java.io.IOException: port out of range:-2147483648 at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.openURL(JNLPFile.java:255) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:185) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:162) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:148) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.fromUrl(Launcher.java:477) ... 5 more Caused by: java.io.IOException: port out of range:-2147483648 at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.openURL(JNLPFile.java:255) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:185) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:162) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.JNLPFile.<init>(JNLPFile.java:148) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.fromUrl(Launcher.java:477) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:283) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.run(Boot.java:199) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.run(Boot.java:51) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at net.sourceforge.jnlp.runtime.Boot.main(Boot.java:165)

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  • Emacs column editing CUA mode - is it possible to select rectangular region with mouse?

    - by MountainX
    Rectangular or column editing is possible in emacs. And it is very easy with cua-mode enabled. Here are my references for this: Here's a video that shows how to do it: http://vimeo.com/1168225 And see section "CUA rectangle support" here: http://www.cua.dk/cua.html But I also wonder if I can do it with the mouse. I want to select the rectangular region entirely with the mouse (like Scite or Geany can do). Is that possible in emacs?

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  • How to create (via installer script) a task that will install my bash script so it runs on DE startup?

    - by MountainX
    I've been reading for the last couple hours about Upstart, .xinitrc, .xsessions, rc.local, /etc/init.d/, /etc/xdg/autostart, @reboot in crontab and so many other things that I'm totally confused! Here is my bash script. It should start/run after the desktop environment is started and it should continue to run at all times until logout/shutdown. It should start again on reboot. Any time the DE is running, it should run. #!/bin/bash while true; do if [[ -s ~/.updateNotification.txt ]]; then read MSG < ~/.updateNotification.txt kdialog --title 'The software has been updated' --msgbox "$MSG" cat /dev/null > ~/.updateNotification.txt fi sleep 3600 done exit 0 I know zero about using Upstart, but I understand that Upstart is one way to handle this. I'll consider other approaches but most of the things I've been reading about are too complex for me. Furthermore, I can't figure out which approach will meet my requirements (which I'll detail below). There are two steps in my question: How to automatically start the script above, as described above. How to "install" that Upstart task via a bash script (i.e., my "installer"). I assume (or hope) that step 2 is almost trivial once I understand step 1. I have to support all flavors of Ubuntu desktops. Therefore, the kdialog call above will be replaced. I'm considering easybashgui for this. (Or I could use zenity on gnome DE's.) My requirements are: The setup process (installation) must be done via a bash script. I cannot use the GUI method described in the Ubuntu doc AddingProgramToSessionStartup, for example. I must be able to script/automate the setup (installing) process using bash. Currently, it is as simple as having the bash installer script copy the above script into /home/$USER/.kde/Autostart/ The setup process must be universal across Ubuntu derivatives including Unity and KDE and gnome desktops. The same setup script (installer) should run on Linux Mint, Kubuntu, Xbuntu (basically any flavor of Ubuntu and major derivatives such as Linux Mint). For example, we cannot continue to put a script file in /home/$USER/.kde/Autostart/ because that exists only on KDE. The above script should work for each of the limited flavors we use. Hence our interest in using easybashgui instead of kdialog or zenity. See below. The installed monitoring script should only be started after the desktop is started since it will display a GUI message to the user if the update is found. The monitoring script (above) should run without root privileges, of course. But the installer (bash script) can be run as root. I'm not a real developer or a sysadmin. This is a part time volunteer thing for me, so it needs to be easy/simple. I can write bash scripts and I can program a little, but I know nothing about Upstart or systemd, for example. And, unfortunately, my job doesn't give me time to become an expert on init systems or much of anything else related to development and sysadmin. So I have to stick with simple solutions. The easybashgui version of the script might look like this: #!/bin/bash source easybashgui while true; do if [[ -s ~/.updateNotification.txt ]]; then read MSG < ~/.updateNotification.txt message "$MSG" cat /dev/null > ~/.updateNotification.txt fi sleep 3600 done exit 0

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  • Proper way to let user enter password for a bash script using only the GUI (with the terminal hidden)

    - by MountainX
    I have made a bash script that uses kdialog exclusively for interacting with the user. It is launched from a ".desktop" file so the user never sees the terminal. It looks 100% like a GUI app (even though it is just a bash script). It runs in KDE only (Kubuntu 12.04). My only problem is handling password input securely and conveniently. I can't find a satisfactory solution. The script was designed to be run as a normal user and to prompt for the password when a sudo command is first needed. In this way, most commands, those not requiring sudo rights, are run as the normal user. What happens (when the script is run from the terminal) is that the user is prompted for their password once and the default sudo timeout allows the script to finish, including any additional sudo commands, without prompting the user again. This is how I want it to work when run behind the GUI too. The main problem is that using kdesudo to launch my script, which is the standard GUI way, means that the entire script is executed by the root user. So file ownerships get assigned to the root user, I can't rely upon ~/ in paths, and many other things are less than ideal. Running the entire script as the root user is just a very unsatisfactory solution and I think it is a bad practice. I appreciate any ideas for letting a user enter the sudo password just once via GUI while not running the whole script as root. Thanks.

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  • basic beginning emacs questions - install latest version and pick appropriate UI

    - by MountainX
    I'm running the latest Kubuntu (12.04 beta 2) and I would like to run the latest emacs (currently v24). The repos are one version behind. What's the best way to install v24 or later (and avoid future version conflicts)? Also, is there any reason not to aways use the GUI version of emacs if X is running? For example, could I set the GUI emacs version as the default text editor and use it to edit cron jobs (crontab -e)? I'm assuming the answer is yes, but since I haven't done that yet (my default editor is nano), I want to check if there are reasons I should leave nano as the default editor. Usually when I'm working on the command line I end up using nano. Now that I think about it, I have no idea why I keep doing that. Is there any downside to calling a GUI editor when working in an X terminal? EDIT: I briefly tested these two versions GNU Emacs 24.0.94.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.3.20) from GNU Emacs 23.3.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) installed by default in Kubuntu. This post explains some of the differences between versions. Unfortunately (for me) the defaults installed version (23.3.1, 23.3+1-1ubuntu9) is the nox version. Package: emacs23-nox Status: install ok installed Version: 23.3+1-1ubuntu9 Replaces: emacs23, emacs23-gtk, emacs23-lucid The package with version 24 opens in GUI mode by default. That's what I prefer. Some of the version 24 changes that interest me are listed in the references below. But there appear to be a multitude of different packages and versions I could install. References: What’s New In Emacs 24 (part 1) | Mastering Emacs http://www.masteringemacs.org/articles/2011/12/06/what-is-new-in-emacs-24-part-1/ " shell-mode uses pcomplete rules, with the standard completion UI. Yowzah! There’s a lot of cool, new functionality hidden away in this gem of a change." EmacsWiki: Recent Changes http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/?action=rc;showedit=0

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  • How do I install the btrfs-restore utility on 12.04?

    - by MountainX
    I would like to install btrfs-restore on Kubuntu 12.04 apt-cache search btrfs-restore returns nothing. Google "ubuntu download OR install btrfs-restore" returns nothing useful. Also, where do I get btrfs help? I'm not getting any replies on #btrfs on freenode.net. (Correction: I was too impatient. #btrfs was very helpful!) UPDATE: the previously accepted answer no longer works, so I unselected it as the answer. The PPA dmitrij.ledkov/ppa is missing now. Thanks to Pkunk at #btrfs, I posted a new solution below.

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  • Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) for Ubuntu, Postfix and Mailman

    - by MountainX
    I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 with Postfix and Mailman. I want to set up DKIM. (DomainKeys Identified Mail, or DKIM is the successor to Yahoo's "DomainKeys". It incorporate's Cisco's Identified Mail). What are the steps for setting this up? Is opendkim recommended? The only reference I have is HowToForge, but I prefer to get help here (even if it is just a confirmation of the steps at that link). Actually, I think the info at HowToForge is outdated because it mentions dkim-filter instead of opendkim.

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  • Cannot copy MP3 files from a CD

    - by MountainX
    I purchased a set of spoken word audio CD's that have MP3 and FLAC audio files; I think they also play as regular audio CD's because I see a CDA directory and .cda files. But I'm only interested in playing the MP3 files by copying them to my phone. Dolphin file manager shows all the files on the CD. However, it will not copy any of them to my hard drive, which is what my goal is. Dolphin shows no error, but the copy progress is zero. Amarok will play the files but not easily. I only tried the flac files. To play a file, I click the file in Dolphin, then I have to cancel a job using KDE's notification system, then Amarok proceeds to copy the file to a tmp directory which takes a long time, then it finally plays. kb3 will rip the audio, but I would prefer to copy the files directly from the CD. Since Dolphin would not copy the files, I thought I would try the terminal, but I can't get that to work either. mount -t auto -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/temp that gives the error: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock, etc. I get the same error using -t iso9660 and -t udf. so I started troubleshooting: ~$ wodim --devices wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) : ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 dev='/dev/sg1' rwrw-- : 'MATSHITA' 'DVD-RAM UJ8A0AS' ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/sg1 is not a block device sudo file -s /dev/sr0 ERROR: cannot read /dev/sr0 (input/output error) sudo file -s /dev/sg1 just hangs How can I copy these files to my computer hard disk?

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  • How to make a btrfs snapshot?

    - by MountainX
    My /home partition consists of an entire physical disk. It is formatted as btrfs. I want to snapshot it. I'm confused regarding subvolume naming, in particular. I am aware that there are similar questions, but each similar question seems to be asking something different from what I'm asking (and they are older, which means probably outdated, given the rapid development of btrfs). For example, the answer to this question is apparently not the answer to my question because my /home partition is a separate volume and the man page for btrfs shows a different command for creating snapshots now. another similar problem, no solid solution. someone else as confused as me on the naming issues My question: Starting simple: is this the correct command to take a simple snapshot of my home partition? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home/@home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 I got really brave and tested it and it does not work. The error is error accessing /home/@home. As shown below, @home is listed. I'm obviously confused on subvolume names. Do I need to use them in creating snapshots? Some examples show taking snapshots of home using /home as the source parameter, but based on examples of root volumes, it seems to me that I need to use /home/@home. Would this command work? And if not, why? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 Is the @ just a naming convention? Is it meaningful at all? Here's some output that may be relevant: btrfs subvolume list /home ID 256 top level 5 path @home I'm not sure what that means, exactly. When I try btrfs device scan it gives an error (e.g. unable to scan the device /dev/sda1). My file system doesn't have any errors. Everything is fine.

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  • Upgrade from Linux Mint 12 to Kubuntu 12.04?

    - by MountainX
    Is there an "easy" way to "upgrade" my existing Linux Mint 12 install to Kubuntu 12.04 beta 2? I know I could reinstall. Usually I would do a clean install to avoid unexpected issues. But in this case, I don't have time to reconfigure everything from my printers to my installed software, so I am looking for the quick/easy way, but I also want to avoid big risks of an upgrade gone wrong. I'm hoping to just change some repos and run a few commands from the terminal. I don't mind editing a few config files as long as I can find good HOWTOs. But I don't want to be the pioneer (arrows in back). I'm hoping someone has done this before and has a set of steps. For context, I recently installed KDE 4.8 SC onto Kubuntu 11.10 using PPAs. This was on another computer. That wasn't a problem. But I decided to do a fresh install of Kubuntu 12.04 later. I like it well enough that I want to change my other computer from Linux Mint 12 to Kubuntu. (I'm going all-in with KDE. It's now my desktop of choice.) This Linux Mint upgrade will be a move from Gnome and MGSE to KDE, so that will probably complicate things at bit compared to something like upgrading Kubuntu 11.10 to KDE 4.8. References: http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/kde Is it safe to install Kubuntu-desktop in 11.10?

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  • How to Use KDE Dialogs in Gtk Apps

    - by MountainX
    I want to use KDE file dialogs (file open, file save) in Firefox in Kubuntu 12.04. This requires something like the ancient KGtk script, but for KDE 4.x and recent Firefox versions. Does such a thing exist? Note, I'm not asking about theming/looks. I'm asking about actually using KDE file dialogs instead of XUL or GTK dialog. And the preference ui.allow_platform_file_picker doesn't affect this. I have already tried setting it to true and false. Neither options results in using KDE dialogs. Thanks.

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  • How to maintain symlinks in linux file manager?

    - by MountainX
    I want to use symlinks extensively. However, if I move the target file, the symlink becomes broken (unlike on Windows). That's not acceptable to me, so I either need a solution or I won't be able to use symlinks the way I wish to. Is there a solution that will work with Dolphin file manager? A command line solution is described on commandlinefu. In summary, it is something like one of these: lmv(){for a in ${@:1:$(expr $#-1)};do [ -e "$a" -a -e "${@:$#:1}" ] && mv "$a";"${@:$#:1}" && ln -s "${@:$#:1}"/"$(basename "$a")";"$(dirname "$a")";done} lmv(){for a in ${@:1:$(expr $#-1)};do [ -e "$a" -a -e "${@:$#}" ] && mv "$a";"${@:$#}" && ln -s "${@:$#}"/"$(basename "$a")";"$(dirname "$a")";done} But about half the time I'm using a file manager (Dolphin), so I need a complete solution to this problem. Is a solution available for a GUI file manager? EDIT: The context of this question is that I'm searching for an alternative to hardlinks. I previously asked this question about the pitfalls of hardlinks.

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  • New to emacs -- my key bindings are different from what is described in the tutorials. How to fix this?

    - by MountainX
    I'm using emacs v24 [GNU Emacs 24.0.94.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.3.20) of 2012-03-26 on meitnerium, modified by Debian] on Kubuntu 12.04. My basic problem is that emacs is not behaving the same as the tutorials I'm reading. I either need different tutorials or I need to make my emacs work as described in the tutorials. Being new to emacs and KDE, I don't know where to start because of this incongruence. My specific problem is this: When I shift-left-mouse-click, I get a buffer dialog popup. That differs from my understanding of the documenation: shift mouse-1 Draws lines, rectangles or poly-lines, erases, cuts, copies or pastes. I also want to use CUA mode. The CUA mode documents seem to indicate that shift-left-mouse-click produces: rectangle highlighting by dragging the mouse while holding down the shift key. I don't get that result either. In fact, I can't select using any modifier keys together with a drag action. Maybe this is a KDE issue. I don't know.

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  • virtualbox installing iso Error "could not find a valid v7 on sda"

    - by MountainX
    I decided to try this suggestion to install Android x86 on Virtual Box. I'm following those steps and I'm at #4. I used the android-x86-4.0-RC1-amd_brazos.iso (because I have a ThinkPad that this might be compatible with and it seemed as good as any of the other choices...) I'm getting an endless series of errors: .[numbers] VFS: could not find a valid v7 on sda. .[numbers] VFS: could not find a valid v7 on sda. repeating... For storage, I made a VDI image sized at 4.0 GB (dynamically allocated) attached on SATA Port 0. Background and more details: I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I installed VirtualBox 4.1.12 after adding deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian precise contrib to my sources. EDIT: Now I'm wondering if I installed the right package. I verified that I'm running 4.1.12. But I installed it with apt-get install virtualbox instead of the recommended apt-get install virtualbox-4.1. I checked just now and see this: apt-cache search virtualbox virtualbox - x86 virtualization solution - base binaries virtualbox-4.1 - Oracle VM VirtualBox But when I run VirtualBox, I get the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager version 4.1.12, so I think I'm OK. I did see one minor issue (possibly related to this question) when installing VB, but in my case I don't think it is actually an error at all: * No suitable module for running kernel found [fail] invoke-rc.d: initscript virtualbox, action "restart" failed. VirtualBox installed and seems to be running fine. I just can't get the ISO image to install. The error is as shown above.

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  • How to use Salt Stack with minions all behind NAT (not publicly accessible, default salt ports not open)?

    - by MountainX
    Can Salt Stack minions communicate with the salt master from behind NAT/Firewalls, etc., using standard ports that would be open be default in all consumer NAT routers (and without the minions having a public DNS record or static IP)? I'm working my way through my first salt tutorial, and this is where I'm stuck. I am able to configure iptables on the Ubuntu salt-master. But I have no control over the routers/NAT that the minions will sit behind. So far I tried these settings: /etc/salt/master: publish_port: 465 ret_port: 443 /etc/salt/minion: master_port: 465 That did not work. Background: I have a custom developed application presently running on about 40 Kubuntu laptops (& more planned). Every few months I have to update the application. (Often this just amounts to replacing a .jar file, which requires root permissions.) I also have to run Ubuntu updates and a few other minor things. I've been doing it manually, one by one, using Team Viewer to log into each client. I would like to dramatically improve this process. The two options I'm aware of are either: use reverse ssh tunnels and bash scripts. I tested this and it works. But I don't get any of the reporting, etc., I would get with Salt Stack. use Salt Stack (or similar) management tool. But I need a really simple tool. I can't invest any time in a big learning curve. I looked at Puppet and a bunch of related tools. The only one I found that looked simple enough for me (so far) was Salt Stack. But I'm stuck now because my minion can't reach the salt-master, as stated above. I appreciate suggestions.

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  • What are the pitfalls of hardlinked files on my desktop PC?

    - by MountainX
    All the identical-content files on my PC are now hardlinked. (My data is completely de-duplicated. It is a consequence of the way I copied my data from my old computer.) What pitfalls do I need to be aware of now that certain actions on one file could silently affect a number of other files? I know that deleting the file I'm working on is not a problem (assuming I deleted it on purpose). It doesn't affect any of the other hardlinked files and I don't see that the delete action would lead to unexpected side effects. Moving or renaming the file is not a problem. I don't see any unexpected consequences. I don't think copying hardlinked files is a problem, but I'm not as confident about any unexpected consequences in this regard. What I have seen is that making a copy (to the same disk) of a hardlinked file with cp keeps the copy hardlinked (i.e., inode number doesn't change in the copy). Copying to another filesystem obviously breaks the hardlink. (I guess one pitfall is forgetting this fact, given that my PC has 3 hard disks.) Changing permissions does affect all linked files. So far this has proven handy. (I made a large number of the hardlinked files read-only.) None of the operations above seem to produce any major unexpected consequences. However, as was pointed out to me by Daniel Beck in a comment, editing or modifying a file can sometimes be a problem. It depends on the tool and maybe the type of edit. (For example, editing small text files using sed seems to always break the link while using nano doesn't.) This introduces the chance that editing one file could affect all the hardlinked files (i.e., alter the original inode). My proposed solution to this is to make all hardlinked files read-only (and that is already mostly the case). If I can't do that for some files, I will unlink those particular files. Is there any problem with this read-only approach? I'm assuming that if I go to edit a file and find it to be read-only, I'll remember to unlink that filename while making it writable. So one pitfall might be forgetting this rule. In that case, I'll have to rely on my backups. Am I correct in the above statements? And what else do I need to know? BTW, I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I'm also using btrfs. (I have 2 SSD's and 1 HDD in the PC. I will also be adding an external USB HDD. I'm also connected to a network and I mount some NFS shares. I don't assume any of these last bits are relevant to the question, but I'm adding them just in case.) BTW, since I have more than one drive (with separate file systems), to unlink any file all I have to do is copy it to another drive, then move it back. However, using sed also works (in my testing). Here's my script: sed -i 's/\(.\)/\1/' file1 Surprisingly, this even unlinks zero byte files. In my testing it also appears to work on non-text files without any special options. (But I understand that the --binary option might be needed on Windows, MS-DOS and Cygwin.) However, copying to another disk and moving back may be the best way to unlink. For my use-case, unlink command doesn't really "unlink", rather it "removes".

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  • How to improve this bash shell script for turning hardlinks into symlinks?

    - by MountainX
    This shell script is mostly the work of other people. It has gone through several iterations, and I have tweaked it slightly while also trying to fully understand how it works. I think I understand it now, but I don't have confidence to significantly alter it on my own and risk losing data when I run the altered version. So I would appreciate some expert guidance on how to improve this script. The changes I am seeking are: make it even more robust to any strange file names, if possible. It currently handles spaces in file names, but not newlines. I can live with that (because I try to find any file names with newlines and get rid of them). make it more intelligent about which file gets retained as the actual inode content and which file(s) become sym links. I would like to be able to choose to retain the file that is either a) the shortest path, b) the longest path or c) has the filename with the most alpha characters (which will probably be the most descriptive name). allow it to read the directories to process either from parameters passed in or from a file. optionally, write a long of all changes and/or all files not processed. Of all of these, #2 is the most important for me right now. I need to process some files with it and I need to improve the way it chooses which files to turn into symlinks. (I tried using things like the find option -depth without success.) Here's the current script: #!/bin/bash # clean up known problematic files first. ## find /home -type f -wholename '*Icon* ## *' -exec rm '{}' \; # Configure script environment # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ set -o nounset dir='/SOME/PATH/HERE/' # For each path which has multiple links # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ # (except ones containing newline) last_inode= while IFS= read -r path_info do #echo "DEBUG: path_info: '$path_info'" inode=${path_info%%:*} path=${path_info#*:} if [[ $last_inode != $inode ]]; then last_inode=$inode path_to_keep=$path else printf "ln -s\t'$path_to_keep'\t'$path'\n" rm "$path" ln -s "$path_to_keep" "$path" fi done < <( find "$dir" -type f -links +1 ! -wholename '* *' -printf '%i:%p\n' | sort --field-separator=: ) # Warn about any excluded files # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ buf=$( find "$dir" -type f -links +1 -path '* *' ) if [[ $buf != '' ]]; then echo 'Some files not processed because their paths contained newline(s):'$'\n'"$buf" fi exit 0

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  • Strategy for using snapshots to back up Ubuntu Linux server?

    - by MountainX
    I need some backup advice for my home file server. Here are the mount points, volume groups, logical volumes and used/total space of all the volumes on my Ubuntu 8.10 home file server. / vgA/lvRoot [7.5G/50G] /tmp vgB/lvTmp [195M/30G] /var vgB/lvVar [780M/30G] swap vgB/lvSwap [16.00 GB] /media1 vgC/lvMedia1 [400G/975G] /media2 vgC/lvMedia2 [75G/295G] /boot partition (no volume group) [95M/200M] /video partition (no volume group) [450G/950G] /backups vgD/lvBackupTarget [800G/925G] /home vgE/lvHome [85G/200G] I have just added a 2.0 TB external USB drive that I would like to use to backup everything. (It will be a close fit to get it all on one 2.0 TB drive. I actually have a 2nd external USB drive if needed.) I'd like to backup "/", var, /media1, media2 and /home. I'll deal with /boot and /video separately since they are not logical volumes. For all the logical volumes I'm anticipating taking snapshots and then copying those snapshots to the 2.0 TB external USB drive. I have never done a task like that before. If I do that, I could use the tutorial I found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots My questions are: What is the best overall strategy? Is it LVM snapshots, as I'm assuming? How should I prepare, subdivide and mount the 2.0 TB external USB drive? 2.a. Should I create one or more regular partitions or should I create a physical volume with one or more logical volumes? 2.b. Would it be advisable to extactly mirror the source pv/lv layout on the external drive, and if so, is this a good strategy? What's the best way to get the snapshots onto the external drive? dd? Even though this is a strategy question, feedback with actual commands is appreciated. I need step-by-step cookbook-style help because I don't do much server admin work. (Background: This is a home file server that I have rarely had to touch in about 2 years. It has done its job without much intervention. The really old PC that I used to back everything up recently failed, so I'm replacing that with the external USB drive(s) and I'd like to upgrade my backup strategy at the same time. Previously, I just copied stuff from /backups over to the other computer and that would not have made things very easy in a real restore situation. The /backups mount point contains backup copies of "most" of the important data on a file by file basis, but it does not contain copies of /boot, etc. BTW, the actual internal HDD that holds /backups is separate from the other storage devices.) EDIT: I'll propose a strategy... The idea came from a comment here: LVM mirroring VS RAID1 "LVM mirrors are for replication of a logical volume to a different physical volume. It's essentially meant to "move the data to a different disk". The mirror is then broken..." That would fit my requirements well. Here is an ideal situation: establish the LV mirror on the external drive break the link with the mirror create a (persistent) snapshot on the mirror after a week, resync the mirror with the original source and update the mirror break the link and create another snapshot on the mirror. Obviously, the mirror will be like a weekly full backup. And the snapshots on the mirror will represent earlier points in time. If this would work and if it would be time efficient, it would give a nice full & differential type backup on the external drive based on LVM. I have not heard of a strategy like this before. Will it work? Could it be scripted? Thoughts? EDIT 2: Creating Portable DiskSafes With LoopbackFS And LVM Snapshots This article seems intriguing: http://www.howtoforge.com/creating-portable-disksafes-with-loopbackfs-and-lvm-snapshots Unfortunately, I don't understand exactly how to map those ideas to the strategy I'm proposing above. I'm going to ask this last bit as a separate question. I will leave my original question in place because I still desire feedback on the overall best strategy. At this moment I'm assuming it is LVM mirroring in the style of "Creating Portable DiskSafes with LVM Snapshots" but that might be wrong.

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  • Mac OS X & Linux: mount_nfs: can't access /nfs: Permission denied

    - by MountainX
    I have an Ubuntu 12.04 NFS server and I have an iMac NFS client running OS X 10.6.8. I believe I have everything set up properly, yet I still get this error on the Mac: mount_nfs: can't access /nfs: Permission denied My exports on the Linux server uses the insecure option like this: /export/home/me/ 192.168.100.132(rw,subtree_check,insecure,nohide) Where 192.168.100.132 is the address of my Mac. I have even tried using -o resvport on the Mac (in addition to insecure on Linux) and I still get the same error as above. $ sudo mount -t nfs -o resvport 192.168.100.1:/home/me /Users/me/mount Here is the output of showmount: # showmount -e 192.168.100.1 Export list for 192.168.100.1: /export/home/me 192.168.100.132 .... I have reviewed this similar question: How to mount NFS export on Mac OS X? And I have reviewed this frequently recommended tutorial: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/apple-mac-osx-nfs-mount-command-tutorial/ I still can't find a solution. Any ideas?

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  • Seagate 3TB ST3000DM001 hard drive not recognized by Linux, causes fdisk to hang

    - by MountainX
    I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I have a brand new, never used Seagate 3TB ST3000DM001 hard drive. It's an internal drive. I installed it in a USB enclosure. When I connect it to my PC, nothing happens automatically. When I run sudo fdisk -l, fdisk hangs (without reporting this drive) until I disconnect this drive from the USB port. blkid won't report it either. I tried connecting it to both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 ports on my PC. I got the same result either way. I tried two different USB enclosures with the same result. If I take the same drive, same enclosure and connect it to a Windows 7 laptop, it is recognized automatically as a USB mass storage device. I want to format the drive (probably ext4) and copy files to it. I have another drive, also in a USB enclosure, that is connected via USB 3.0 to this PC and it works fine. It's a 2.0 TB Samsung HDD. I plan to copy files from the 2TB to the 3TB drive, once I get this issue resolved. My motherboard is an Asus Asus P8B WS LGA1155/ Intel C206/ Quad CrossFireX/ SATA3&USB3.0/ A&2GbE/ ATX. What is the resolution?

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  • Need help with local network printing while using VPN on Ubuntu 10.10 desktop

    - by MountainX
    I can print to my HP printer via the LAN when I'm not connected to the VPN. When connected to the VPN, printing fails. OpenVPN 2.1.0 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 12 2010 I can ping the printer while connected to the VPN: $ ping 192.168.100.12 PING 192.168.100.12 (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=9.17 ms --- 192.168.100.12 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss... $ ping HpPrinter.local PING HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12): icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=0.383 ms --- HpPrinter.local ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss... But here's the error when I try to print while connected to the VPN: hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: prnt/backend/hp.c 745: ERROR: open device failed stat=12: hp:/net/Officejet_Pro_L7600?zc=HpPrinter I am running iptables rules, but the problem doesn't appear related to the firewall. I've tested with no rules (i.e., no firewall). The printing problem happens when the VPN is connected. I can guess it is an mdns problem, but searching google about mdns didn't turn up anything that seemed related to this (at my level of knowledge). Any suggestions?

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  • What is proper relationship between /etc/hosts and DNS A records for a Linux server?

    - by MountainX
    I have an Ubuntu server. It is going to be a web server with a URI of www.example.com. I have a DNS A record pointing www.example.com to the server's IP address. Let's say I pick "trinity" as the hostname for this server. I want to set up the DNS records correctly. I need reverse DNS to www.example.com, so a CNAME for www.example.com doesn't seem appropriate. Here's my question: Is it considered best practice to set up two DNS records (which in my case would likely be two A records), one for www.example.com and one for trinity.example.com, both pointing to this server's IP address? (Or, even if it is not accepted as a best practice, is it a good idea?) If so, would the following be a proper /etc/hosts file? $ cat /etc/hosts 127.0.1.1 trinity.local trinity 99.100.101.102 trinity.example.com trinity www.example.com This server is a Linode and Linode's docs seem to imply that the above approach is best (if I am reading them correctly). Here's the relevant section. I bolded the line that seems to apply here. Update /etc/hosts Next, edit your /etc/hosts file to resemble the following example, replacing "plato" with your chosen hostname, "example.com" with your system's domain name, and "12.34.56.78" with your system's IP address. As with the hostname, the domain name part of your FQDN does not necesarily need to have any relationship to websites or other services hosted on the server (although it may if you wish). As an example, you might host "www.something.com" on your server, but the system's FQDN might be "mars.somethingelse.com." File:/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 12.34.56.78 plato.example.com plato The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IP address. For more information on configuring DNS, please see our guide on configuring DNS with the Linode Manager.

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  • Secure copying (file transfer) between two Linux servers in the same datacenter (Linode)

    - by MountainX
    I have two Linodes in the same data center. I want to copy files from one to the other each night or on demand (for about the next month, until this project is finished). So I'm thinking about using rsync. My question is how do I set up the two Linode servers to communicate via private IP addresses securely? Both servers are SSH hardened, they use denyhosts and have a fairly restrictive iptables setup. I know I need to first assign private IP addresses to each server, then configure static networking according to this guide. What is next? What SSH or iptables settings are needed to allow these two servers to communicate? What further info do I need to supply in this question? I'm looking for a basic step-by-step guide for how to do this.

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  • Gson Deserialize to Java Tree

    - by MountainX
    I need to deserialize some JSON to a Java tree structure that contains TreeNodes and NodeData. TreeNodes are thin wrappers around NodeData. I'll provide the JSON and the classes below. I have looked at the usual Gson help sources, including here, but I can't seem to come up with the solution. Serialization works fine with Gson. The JSON below was produced by Gson. But deserialization is the problem I need help with. Can someone show me how to write the deserializer (or suggest an alternative approach using Gson best practices)? Here is my JSON. The "data" element corresponds to class NodeData, and the "subList" JSON element corresponds to Java class TreeNode. { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "root", "path": "/", "id": "1", "parentId": "0", "toolTipText": "rootNode" }, "subList": [ { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level1", "labelText": "Some Label Text at Level1", "path": "/root", "id": "2", "parentId": "1", "toolTipText": "a tool tip for level1" }, "subList": [ { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level1_1", "labelText": "Label level1_1", "path": "/root/level1", "id": "3", "parentId": "2", "toolTipText": "ToolTipText for level1_1" } }, { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level1_2", "labelText": "Label level1_2", "path": "/root/level1", "id": "4", "parentId": "2", "toolTipText": "ToolTipText for level1_2" } } ] }, { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level2", "path": "/root", "id": "5", "parentId": "1", "toolTipText": "ToolTipText for level2" }, "subList": [ { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level2_1", "labelText": "Label level2_1", "path": "/root/level2", "id": "6", "parentId": "5", "toolTipText": "ToolTipText for level2_1" }, "subList": [ { "data": { "version": "032", "name": "level2_1_1", "labelText": "Label level2_1_1", "path": "/root/level2/level2_1", "id": "7", "parentId": "6", "toolTipText": "ToolTipText for level2_1_1" } } ] } ] } ] } Here are the Java classes: public class Tree { private TreeNode rootElement; private HashMap<String, TreeNode> indexById; private HashMap<String, TreeNode> indexByKey; private long nextAvailableID = 0; public Tree() { indexById = new HashMap<String, TreeNode>(); indexByKey = new HashMap<String, TreeNode>(); } public long getNextAvailableID() { return this.nextAvailableID; } ... [snip] ... } public class TreeNode { private Tree tree; private NodeData data; public List<TreeNode> subList; private HashMap<String, TreeNode> indexById; private HashMap<String, TreeNode> indexByKey; //this default ctor is used only for Gson deserialization public TreeNode() { this.tree = new Tree(); indexById = tree.getIdIndex(); indexByKey = tree.getKeyIndex(); this.makeRoot(); tree.setRootElement(this); } //makes this node the root node. Calling this obviously has side effects. public NodeData makeRoot() { NodeData rootProp = new NodeData(TreeFactory.version, "example", "rootNode"); String nextAvailableID = getNextAvailableID(); if (!nextAvailableID.equals("1")) { throw new IllegalStateException(); } rootProp.setId(nextAvailableID); rootProp.setParentId("0"); rootProp.setKeyPathOnly("/"); rootProp.setSchema(tree); this.data = rootProp; rootProp.setNode(this); indexById.put(rootProp.getId(), this); indexByKey.put(rootProp.getKeyFullName(), this); return rootProp; } ... [snip] ... } public class NodeData { protected static Tree tree; private LinkedHashMap<String, String> keyValMap; protected String version; protected String name; protected String labelText; protected String path; protected String id; protected String parentId; protected TreeNode node; protected String toolTipText;//tool tip or help string protected String imagePath;//for things like images; not persisted to properties protected static final String delimiter = "/"; //this default ctor is used only for Gson deserialization public NodeData() { this("NOT_SET", "NOT_SET", "NOT_SET"); } ... [snip] ... } Side note: The tree data structure is a bit strange, as it includes indexes. Obviously, this isn't a typical search tree. In fact, the tree is used mainly to create a hierarchical path element (String) in each NodeData element. (Example: "path": "/root/level2/level2_1".) The indexes are actually used for NodeData retrieval.

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