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• Hardening non-root standalone Linux Tomcat install

  - by NoozNooz42

  I want to know if you have any tips as to how to strengthen the security of a non-root install of Tomcat in standalone mode once Tomcat is already installed in a non-root account, in standalone mode. I precise this because, for example, I'm not at all interested by the answers given here (because both Java and Tomcat requires root priviledges there to be installed and I've got zero interest in running jsvc): http://serverfault.com/questions/43765 So far, here's what I've done for my non-root standalone Tomcat 6 install: download and install the JRE .bin provided by Oracle/Sun (no need to be root here) (no need for a full JDK anymore right seen that Jasper [Tomcat's JSP engine] has its own compiler now right?) download and tar -xzf tomcat 6 (no need to be root here) set up transparent port-forwarding (must be root here) Note that my distribution is a Debian one and I have exactly zero interest in downloading Debian package / backports / whatever... Because, once again, I DO NOT want to need to be root to install Java & Tomcat. The only moment I needed to be root was to configure the firewall to transparently do the port forwarding 80 <-- 8080 and 443 <-- 8443. I then deleted all the default webapps but one: cd ~/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps rm -rf docs rm -rf examples/ rm -rf manager/ rm -rf ROOT/ What about the directory ~/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/host-manager, do I need it or can I delete it? So, once I've installed Tomcat standalone in a non-root account (and taken into account that I don't want to enter the root password anymore and that I don't plan to install the whole Apache shebang), what more can I do? Are there connectors I can disable? (how?)

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• Linux: how to prevent a user from login in, but allow "su - user"

  - by NoozNooz42

  How do you allow a user to log in using "su - user" but prevent the user from login in using SSH? I tried to set the shell to /bin/false but the when I try to su it doesn't work. Are there several ways to only allo logins by su? Is SSH's AllowUser the way to go? (how would I do this if it's the way to go)

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• Which is more secure: Tomcat standalone or Tomcat behind Apache?

  - by NoozNooz42

  This question is not about performance, nor about load-balancing, etc. Which would be more secure: running Tomcat in standalone mode or running Tomcat behind apache? The thing is, Tomcat is written in Java and hence it is pretty much immune to buffer overrun/overflow (unless a buffer overrun in a C-written lib used by Tomcat can be triggered, but they're rare [the last I remember was in zlib, many many moons ago] and one heck of a hack to actually exploit), which gets rid of a lot of potential exploits. This page: http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ/Security has this to say: There have been no public cases of damage done to a company, organization, or individual due to a Tomcat security issue... there have been only theoretical vulnerabilities found. All of those were addressed even though there were no documented cases of actual exploitation of these vulnerabilities. This, combined with the fact that buffer overrun/overflow are pretty much non-existent in Java, makes me believe that Tomcat in standalone mode is pretty secure. In addition to that, I can install both Java and Tomcat on Linux without needing to be root. The only moment I need to be root is to set up a transparent port 8080 to port 80 forwarding (and 8443 to 443). Two iptables line as root, that's all root is needed for. (I don't know for Apache). Apache is much more used than Tomcat and definitely does not have a security track record as good as Tomcat. What would make Tomcat + Apache more secure? What would make Tomcat + Apache less secure? In short: which is more secure, Tomcat standalone or Tomcat with Apache? (remembering that performance aren't an issue here)

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• Linux kernel with grsec + Java / Apache Tomcat

  - by NoozNooz42

  I've got a Debian Linux 64 bit dedicated server. The kernel has the grsec patch applied. I'm mainly using this server to run Apache Tomcat (6.0.26, Java 6) and everything seems fine. The only issue, is that when I start Tomcat, I get a few of these: grsec: From xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: Segmentation fault occurred at 00007fefe04e4000 in /home/t/jre1.6.0_20/bin/java[java:22403] uid/euid:1001/1001 gid/egid:1001/1001, parent /sbin/init[init:1] uid/euid:0/0 gid/egid:0/0 grsec: more alerts, logging disabled for 10 seconds Then no error logs anymore. Everything is fine. The kernel is: Linux 2.6.32.2-xxxx-grs-ipv4-64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 29 14:41:12 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux And the webapp works fine. So there are segmentation fault when Tomcat starts, but everything seems to works fine. Is this concerning? Should I move to a non-grsec kernel?

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• Assigning outcome of another JSTL tag as value of one JSTL tag

  - by NoozNooz42

  I've got this, which is working: <c:choose> <c:when test="${sometest}"> Hello, world! </c:when> <c:otherwise> <fmt:message key="${page.title}" /> </c:otherwise> </c:choose> And I want to change it to this: <c:choose> <c:when test="${sometest}"> <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="Hello, world!"/> </c:when> <c:otherwise> <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="<fmt:message key="${page.title}">" </c:otherwise> </c:choose But of course the following line ain't correct: <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="<fmt:message key="${page.title}">" How can I assign to the somevar variable the string resulting from a call to fmt:message?

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• Java: does the EDT restart or not when an exception is thrown?

  - by NoozNooz42

  (the example code below is self-contained and runnable, you can try it, it won't crash your system :) Tom Hawtin commented on the question here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3018165 that: It's unlikely that the EDT would crash. Unchecked exceptions thrown in EDT dispatch are caught, dumped and the thread goes on. Can someone explain me what is going on here (every time you click on the "throw an unchecked exception" button, a divide by zero is performed, on purpose): import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class CrashEDT extends JFrame { public static void main(String[] args) { final CrashEDT frame = new CrashEDT(); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing( WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); final JButton jb = new JButton( "throw an unchecked exception" ); jb.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) { System.out.println( "Thread ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() ); System.out.println( 0 / Math.abs(0) ); } } ); frame.add( jb ); frame.setSize(300, 150); frame.setVisible(true); } } I get the following message (which is what I'd expect): Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero and to me this is an unchecked exception right? You can see that the thread ID is getting incremented every time you trigger the crash. So is the EDT automatically restarted every time an unchecked exception is thrown or are unchecked exceptions "caught, dumped and the thread goes on" like Tom Hawtin commented? What is going on here?

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• How to test an HTTP 301 redirect?

  - by NoozNooz42

  How can one easily test HTTP return codes, like, say, a 301 redirect? For example, if I want to "see what's going on", I can use telnet to do something like this: ... $ telnet nytimes.com 80 Trying 199.239.136.200... Connected to nytimes.com. Escape character is '^]'. GET / HTTP/1.0 (enter) (enter) HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Mon, 14 Jun 2010 12:18:04 GMT Content-type: text/html Set-cookie: RMID=007af83f42dd4c161dfcce7d; expires=Tuesday, 14-Jun-2011 12:18:04 GMT; path=/; domain=.nytimes.com Set-cookie: adxcs=-; path=/; domain=.nytimes.com Set-cookie: adxcs=-; path=/; domain=.nytimes.com Set-cookie: adxcs=-; path=/; domain=.nytimes.com Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT Cache-control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache Connection: close <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> ... Which is an easy way to access quite some infos. But now I want to test that a 301 redirect is indeed a 301 redirect. How can I do so? Basically, instead of getting a HTTP/1.1 200 OK I'd like to know how I can get the 301? I know that I can enter the name of the URL in a browser and "see" that I'm redirected, but I'd like to know what tool(s) can be used to actually really "see" the 301 redirect. Btw, I did test with a telnet, but when I enter www.example.org, which I redirected to example.org (without the www), all I can see is an "200 OK", I don't get to see the 301.

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• Adding info to an exception

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'd like to add information to a stack trace/exception. Basically I've got something like this as of now, which I really like: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at com.so.main(SO.java:41) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke However I'd like to catch that exception and add additional info to it, while still having the original stack trace. For example, I'd like to have that: Exception in thread "main" CustomException: / by zero (you tried to divide 42 by 0) at com.so.main(SO.java:41) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke So basically I want to catch the ArithmeticException and rethrow, say, a CustomException (adding "you tried to divide 42 by 0" in this example) while still keeping the stacktrace from the original ArithmeticException. What is the correct way to do this in Java? Is the following correct: try { .... } catch (ArithmeticException e) { throw new CustomException( "You tried to divide " + x + " by " + y, e ); }

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• Web/HTML: how do referrer work technically?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I don't understand how comes webserver and trackers like Google Analytics are able to track referrals. Is it part of HTTP? Is it some (un)specified behavior of the browsers? Apparently everytime you click on a link on a webpage, the original webpage is passed along the request. What is the exact mechanism behind that? Is it specified by some spec? I've read a few docs and I've played with my own Tomcat server and my own Google Analytics account, but I don't understand how the "magic" happens. Bonus (totally related) question: if, on my own website (served by Tomcat), I put a link to another site, does the other site see my website as the "referrer" without me doing anything special in Tomcat?

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• JSP Document/JSPX: what determines how space/linebreaks are removed in the output?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I've got a "JSP Document" ("JSP in XML") nicely formatted and when the webpage is generated and sent to the user, some linebreaks are removed. Now the really weird part: apparently the "main" .jsp always gets all its linebreak removed but for any subsequent .jsp included from the main .jsp, linebreaks seems to be randomly removed (some are there, others aren't). For example, if I'm looking at the webpage served from Firefox and ask to "view source", I get to see what is generated. So, what determines when/how linebreaks are kept/removed? This is just an example I made up... Can you force a .jsp to serve this: <body><div id="page"><div id="header"><div class="title">... or this: <body> <div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div class="title">... ? I take it that linebreaks are removed to save on bandwidth, but what if I want to keep them? And what if I want to keep the same XML indentation as in my .jsp file? Is this doable?

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• Java JSTL / EL: nesting

  - by NoozNooz42

  I really don't know how to name this question, it's great if anyone with 2K+ rep can edit this title to better reflect my question (the fact that I can't name this easily is probably why I can't Google the solution). I've got this, which is working: <c:choose> <c:when test="${sometest}"> Hello, world! </c:when> <c:otherwise> <fmt:message key="${page.title}" /> </c:otherwise> </c:choose> And I want to change it to this: <c:choose> <c:when test="${sometest}"> <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="Hello, world!"/> </c:when> <c:otherwise> <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="<fmt:message key="${page.title}">" </c:otherwise> </c:choose But of course the following line ain't correct: <c:set var="somevar" scope="page" value="<fmt:message key="${page.title}">" How can I assign to the somevar variable the string resulting from a call?

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• JSP Document/JSPX: what determines how tabs/space/linebreaks are removed in the output?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I've got a "JSP Document" ("JSP in XML") nicely formatted and when the webpage is generated and sent to the user, some linebreaks are removed. Now the really weird part: apparently the "main" .jsp always gets all its linebreak removed but for any subsequent .jsp included from the main .jsp, linebreaks seems to be randomly removed (some are there, others aren't). For example, if I'm looking at the webpage served from Firefox and ask to "view source", I get to see what is generated. So, what determines when/how linebreaks are kept/removed? This is just an example I made up... Can you force a .jsp to serve this: <body><div id="page"><div id="header"><div class="title">... or this: <body> <div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div class="title">... ? I take it that linebreaks are removed to save on bandwidth, but what if I want to keep them? And what if I want to keep the same XML indentation as in my .jsp file? Is this doable? EDIT Following skaffman's advice, I took a look at the generated .java files and the "main" one doesn't have lots of out.write but not a single one writing tabs nor newlines. Contrary to that file, all the ones that I'm including from that main .jsp have lots of lines like: out.write("\t...\n"); So I guess my question stays exactly the same: what determines how tabs/space/linebreaks are included/removed in the output?

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• Bash: how to simply parallelize tasks?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm writing a tiny script that calls the "PNGOUT" util on a few hundred PNG files. I simply did this: find $BASEDIR -iname "*png" -exec pngout {} \; And then I looked at my CPU monitor and noticed only one of the core was used, which is quite sad. In this day and age of dual, quad, octo and hexa (?) cores desktop, how do I simply parallelize this task with Bash? (it's not the first time I've had such a need, for quite a lot of these utils are mono-threaded... I already had the case with mp3 encoders). Would simply running all the pngout in the background do? How would my find command look like then? (I'm not too sure how to mix find and the '&' character) I if have three hundreds pictures, this would mean swapping between three hundreds processes, which doesn't seem great anyway!? Or should I copy my three hundreds files or so in "nb dirs", where "nb dirs" would be the number of cores, then run concurrently "nb finds"? (which would be close enough) But how would I do this?

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• Bash: "xargs cat", adding newlines after each file

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm using a few commands to cat a few files, like this: cat somefile | grep example | awk -F '"' '{ print $2 }' | xargs cat It nearly works, but my issue is that I'd like to add a newline after each file. Can this be done in a one liner? (surely I can create a new script or a function that does cat and then echo -n but I was wondering if this could be solved in another way)

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• Java: attributes order in .jsp getting inversed

  - by NoozNooz42

  Every single time I've read about the meta tags, the attribute where in this order for the description: <meta name="description" content="..." /> First name, then content. It's also like that in the Google Webmaster documentation. Basically, it's like that everywhere. Now in a .jsp (in XML notation) I've got the following: <meta name="description" content="${metadesc}"/> So it's name first, then content. Yet on the generated webpage, I get this: <meta content="...(200 chars or so here making it a very long line)..." name="description"/> Somehow the attributes have been inversed. Because the content follows the official W3C and Google recommendations, the content is a bit less than 200 characters long, which makes it a major pain to "visually verify" that the name attribute is correctly there (I've got to scroll). Anyway... Why are these attribute not appearing in the order defined in the .jsp? Can I force them to appear in the same order as I wrote them in my .jsp? I realize the resulting tag may be valid... But I can also imagine a lot of very creative ways to have valid tags which users would be very upset about. Does this make any sense to inverse these attributes? EDIT wow, just wow... If I invert the attributes in my .jsp (that is, writing them in the "wrong" order), then they appear as I want them to appear in the generated web page. (Tomcat 6.0.26 btw)

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• Java JSP/Servlet: controller servlet throwing the famous stack overflow

  - by NoozNooz42

  I've read several docs and I don't get it: I know I'm doing something wrong but I don't understand what. I've got a website that is entirely dynamically generated: there's hardly any static content at all. So, trying to understand JSP/Servlet, I've written my own "front controller" intercepting every single query, it looks like this: <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>defaultservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> Basically I want any user request, like: example.org example.org/bar example.org/foo.html to all go through a default servlet which I've written. The servlet then examines the URI and find to which .jsp the request must be dispatched, and then does, after having set all the attributes correctly, a: RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp"); dispatcher.forward(req, resp); When I'm using a url-pattern (in web.xml) like, say, *.html, everything works fine. But when I change it to /* (to really intercept everything), I enter an endless loop and it ends up with a... StackOverflow :) When the request is dispatched, is the URI ".../WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp" itself matched by the web.xml filter /* that I set? How should I do if I want to intercept everything using a /* url-pattern and yet be able to dispatch/forward/? I'm not asking about specs/Javadocs here: I'm really confused about the bigger picture and I'd need some explanation as to what could be going on. Am I not supposed to intercept really everything? If I can intercept everything, what should I be aware of regarding forwarding/dispatching?

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• How does refer(r)er work technically?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I don't understand: how are webserver and trackers like Google Analytics able to track referrals? Is it part of HTTP? Is it some (un)specified behavior of the browsers? Apparently every time you click on a link on a web page, the original web page is passed along the request. What is the exact mechanism behind that? Is it specified by some spec? I've read a few docs and I've played with my own Tomcat server and my own Google Analytics account, but I don't understand how the "magic" happens. Bonus (totally related) question: if, on my own website (served by Tomcat), I put a link to another site, does the other site see my website as the "referrer" without me doing anything special in Tomcat?

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• HTTP: can GET and POST requests from a same machine come from different IPs?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm pretty sure I remember reading --but cannot find back the links anymore-- about this: on some ISP (including at least one big ISP in the U.S.) it is possible to have a user's GET and POST request appearing to come from different IPs. (note that this is totally programming related, and I'll give an example below) I'm not talking about having your IP adress dynamically change between two requests. I'm talking about this: IP 1: 123.45.67.89 IP 2: 101.22.33.44 The same user makes a GET, then a POST, then a GET again, then a POST again and the servers see this: - GET from IP 1 - POST from IP 2 - GET from IP 1 - POST from IP 2 So altough it's the same user, the webserver sees different IPs for the GET and the POSTs. Surely seen that HTTP is a stateless protocol this is perfectly legit right? I'd like to find back the explanation as to how/why certain ISP have their networks configured such that this may happen. I'm asking because someone asked me to implement the following IP filter and I'm pretty sure it is fundamentally broken code (breaking havoc for at least one major american ISP users). Here's a Java servlet filter that is supposed to protect against some attacks. The reasoning is that: "For any session filter checks that IP address in the request is the same that was used when session was created. So in this case session ID could not be stolen for forming fake sessions." http://www.servletsuite.com/servlets/protectsessionsflt.htm However I'm pretty sure this is inherently broken because there are ISPs where you may see GET and POST coming from different IPs. Any info on this subject is very welcome.

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• Java webapp: where/how to automatically set each picture's width/height

  - by NoozNooz42

  For several reasons, a lot of "webmaster guides" (like Google and Yahoo!'s webmaster guides/guidelines) repeats several times that it is better to always put the width and height attribute of the img tag. One of the most obvious reason is that the elements in the page won't seem to be "jumping around" to a new location after every picture is loaded (always setting the correct width/height sure gets rid of this behavior). And there are other reasons to follow these guidelines / best practices. So: if we consider that these are indeed good practices if there are a lot of pictures and they are changing often if pictures aren't changing between two .war re-deploy (that is: there's no user-contributed picture) if we don't want to manually edit all these width/height attributes How do we automatically/programmatically serve HTML pages where every img tag have their width/height attribute correctly set as the best practice recommend?

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• Java Swing: How to make the JComboxBox drop down list taller?

  - by NoozNooz42

  How to make the "dropdown" (or "popup", I don't know how it's called) of a JComboBox taller on the screen? By default, when I open my JComboBox I see, say, 7 out of 29 items, then I need to scroll. What should I do so that I can see, say, 15 out of these 32 items? (or if the dropdown is, say, 150 pixels tall, how can I make it 300 pixels tall?) I've read the Sun tutorial on JComboBox and the JavaDoc but I must have overlooked the method(s) to call.

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• HTML5: HTML VS XHTML spec question regarding comments

  - by NoozNooz42

  In the W3C working draft for HTML5 here's a line I find confusing: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml Comments that contain the string "--" can be represented in the DOM but not in the HTML syntax or in XML. I can interpret this in two different ways: Comments that contain the string "--" can be represented in XML and in the DOM but not in the HTML syntax Comments that contain the string"--" can be represented in the DOM but neither in the HTML syntax nor in XML. I really find the original formulation highly confusing. Which one does it mean and is it even correct english? Who should I contact if I want to point out that I find such a wording highly confusing and that hence there's a high probability that other non-native english speaker would find this kind of formulation highly confusing too?

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• Java webapp: how to implement a web bug (1x1 pixel)?

  - by NoozNooz42

  In the accepted answer in the following question, a SO regular with 13K+ rep suggests to use a "web bug" (non-cacheable 1x1 img) to be able to track requests in the logs: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1784893 How can I do this in Java? Basically, I've got two issues: how to make sure the 1x1 image is not cacheable (how to set the header)? how to make sure the query for these 1x1 image will appear in the logs? I'm looking for exact piece of code because I know how to write a .jsp/servlet and I know how to serve an 1x1 image :) My question is really about the exact .jsp/servlet that I should write and how/what needs to be done so that Tomcat logs the request. For example I plan to use the following mapping: <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>WebBugServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/webbug*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> and then use an img tag referencing a "webbug.png" (or .gif), so how do I write the .jsp/servlet? What/where should I look for in the logs?

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• Java: how to name boolean properties

  - by NoozNooz42

  I just had a little surprise in a Webapp, where I'm using EL in .jsp pages. I added a boolean property and scratched my head because I had named a boolean "isDynamic", so I could write this: <c:if test="${page.isDynamic}"> ... </c:if> Which I find easier to read than: <c:if test="${page.dynamic}"> ... </c:if> However the .jsp failed to compile, with the error: javax.el.PropertyNotFoundException: Property 'isDynamic' not found on type com... I turns out my IDE (and it took me some time to notice it), when generating the getter, had generated a method called: isDynamic() instead of: getIsDynamic() Once I manually replaced isDynamic() by getIsDynamic() everything was working fine. So I've got really two questions here: is it bad to start a boolean property's name with "is"? wether it is bad or not, didn't IntelliJ made a mistake here by auto-generating a method named isDynamic instead of getIsDynamic?

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• Using JavaMail to send a mail containing Unicode characters

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm successfully sending emails through GMail's SMTP servers using the following piece of code: Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class","javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.port", "465"); props.put("mail.smtp.ssl", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable","true"); props.put("mail.smtp.timeout", "5000"); props.put("mail.smtp.connectiontimeout", "5000"); // Do NOT use Session.getDefaultInstance but Session.getInstance // See: http://forums.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=5301696 final Session session = Session.getInstance( props, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication( USER, PWD ); } }); try { final Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom( new InternetAddress( USER ) ); message.setRecipients( Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse( TO ) ); message.setSubject( emailSubject ); message.setText( emailContent ); Transport.send(message); emailSent = true; } catch ( final MessagingException e ) { e.printStackTrace(); } where emailContent is a String that does contain Unicode characters (like the euro symbol). When the email arrives (in another GMail account), the euro symbol has been converted to the ASCII '?' question mark. I don't know much about emails: can email use any character encoding? What should I modify in the code above so that an encoding allowing Unicode characters is used?

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• Which video format(s) should a webapp serve?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I need to put up a few videos on a Webapp and I'm a bit lost. My requirements are: DRM is not a concern at all it should work on the iPhone (and iPad) and on the main browsers (Safari, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera). it is not a problem at all if the video doesn't play on Linux (because it's a video/screencast of a Windows/OS X software targetted at, well, Windows and OS X users) it is not a problem at all if it also works on Linux (I'm a Linux user myself) Can a unique format be served (like H.264) and play without any additional work on my part or do I need to convert the videos to different formats and have the webapp serve different video formats depending on the browser used? Should I use the "video" tag of HTML5 when I detect an HTML5 capable browser? What's the "safest" bet here? I take it that Flash is out of the equation seen that iPhone/iPad is a requirement.

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