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  • Why overload true and false instead of defining bool operator?

    - by Joe Enos
    I've been reading about overloading true and false in C#, and I think I understand the basic difference between this and defining a bool operator. The example I see around is something like: public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA > 0); } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA <= 0); } To me, this is the same as saying: public static implicit operator bool(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA > 0); } The difference, as far as I can tell, is that by defining true and false separately, you can have an object that is both true and false, or neither true nor false: public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return true; } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return true; } //or public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return false; } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return false; } I'm sure there's a reason this is allowed, but I just can't think of what it is. To me, if you want an object to be able to be converted to true or false, a single bool operator makes the most sense. Can anyone give me a scenario where it makes sense to do it the other way? Thanks

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  • Request Coalescing in Nginx

    - by Marcel Jackwerth
    I have an image resize server sitting behind an nginx server. On a cold cache two clients requesting the same file could trigger two resize jobs. client-01.net GET /resize.do/avatar-1234567890/300x200.png client-02.net GET /resize.do/avatar-1234567890/300x200.png It would be great if only one of the requests could go through to the backend in this situation (while the other client is set 'on-hold'). In Varnish there seems to be such a feature, called Request Coalescing. However that seems to be a Varnish-specific term. Is there something similar for Nginx?

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  • operator for enums

    - by Veer
    Hi all, Just out of curiosity, asking this Like the expression one below a = (condition) ? x : y; // two outputs why can't we have an operator for enums? say, myValue = f ??? fnApple() : fnMango() : fnOrange(); // no. of outputs specified in the enum definition instead of switch statements (eventhough refractoring is possible) enum Fruit { apple, mango, orange }; Fruit f = Fruit.apple; Or is it some kind of useless operator?

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  • Operator overloading outside class

    - by bobobobo
    There are two ways to overload operators for a C++ class: Inside class class Vector2 { public: float x, y ; Vector2 operator+( const Vector2 & other ) { Vector2 ans ; ans.x = x + other.x ; ans.y = y + other.y ; return ans ; } } ; Outside class class Vector2 { public: float x, y ; } ; Vector2 operator+( const Vector2& v1, const Vector2& v2 ) { Vector2 ans ; ans.x = v1.x + v2.x ; ans.y = v1.y + v2.y ; return ans ; } (Apparently in C# you can only use the "outside class" method.) In C++, which way is more correct? Which is preferable?

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  • Java operator overload

    - by rengolin
    Coming from C++ to Java, the obvious unanswered question is why not operator overload. On the web some go about: "it's clearly obfuscated and complicate maintenance" but no one really elaborates that further (I completely disagree, actually). Other people pointed out that some objects do have an overload (like String operator +) but that is not extended to other objects nor is extensible to the programmer's decision. I've heard that they're considering extending the favour to BigInt and similar, but why not open that for our decisions? How exactly if complicates maintenance and where on earth does this obfuscate code? Isn't : Complex a, b, c; a = b + c; much simpler than: Complex a, b, c; a.equals( b.add(c) ); ??? Or is it just habit?

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  • Operator overloading C++ outside class

    - by bobobobo
    Well, so there are 2 ways to overload operators for a C++ class INSIDE CLASS class Vector2 { public: float x, y ; Vector2 operator+( const Vector2 & other ) { Vector2 ans ; ans.x = x + other.x ; ans.y = y + other.y ; return ans ; } } ; OUTSIDE CLASS class Vector2 { public: float x, y ; } ; Vector2 operator+( const Vector2& v1, const Vector2& v2 ) { Vector2 ans ; ans.x = v1.x + v2.x ; ans.y = v1.y + v2.y ; return ans ; } In C# apparently you can only use the OUTSIDE class method The question is, in C++, which is "morer-correcter?" Which is preferable? When is one way better than another?

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  • no match for operator= using a std::vector

    - by Max
    I've got a class declared like this: class Level { private: std::vector<mapObject::MapObject> features; (...) }; and in one of its member functions I try to iterate through that vector like this: vector<mapObject::MapObject::iterator it; for(it=features.begin(); it<features.end(); it++) { /* loop code */ } This seems straightforward to me, but g++ gives me this error: src/Level.cpp:402: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘it = ((const yarl::level::Level*)this)-yarl::level::Level::features.std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc::begin [with _Tp = yarl::mapObject::MapObject, _Alloc = std::allocator<yarl::mapObject::MapObject>]()’ /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_iterator.h:669: note: candidates are: __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<yarl::mapObject::MapObject*,std::vector & __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<yarl::mapObject::MapObject*,std::vector >::operator=(const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<yarl::mapObject::MapObject*, ``std::vector<yarl::mapObject::MapObject, std::allocator<yarl::mapObject::MapObject> > >&) Anyone know why this is happening?

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  • Problem with operator ==

    - by CPPDev
    I am facing some problem with use of operator == in the following c++ program. #include < iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: A(char *b) { a = b; } A(A &c) { a = c.a; } bool operator ==(A &other) { return strcmp(a, other.a); } private: char *a; }; int main() { A obj("test"); A obj1("test1"); if(obj1 == A("test1")) { cout<<"This is true"<<endl; } } What's wrong with if(obj1 == A("test1")) line ?? Any help is appreciated.

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  • C++ overloading operator comma for variadic arguments

    - by uray
    is it possible to construct variadic arguments for function by overloading operator comma of the argument? i want to see an example how to do so.., maybe something like this: template <typename T> class ArgList { public: ArgList(const T& a); ArgList<T>& operator,(const T& a,const T& b); } //declaration void myFunction(ArgList<int> list); //in use: myFunction(1,2,3,4); //or maybe: myFunction(ArgList<int>(1),2,3,4);

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  • C# String Operator Overloading

    - by ScottSEA
    G'Day Mates - What is the right way (excluding the argument of whether it is advisable) to overload the string operators <, , <= and = ? I've tried it five ways to Sunday and I get various errors - my best shot was declaring a partial class and overloading from there, but it won't work for some reason. namespace System { public partial class String { public static Boolean operator <(String a, String b) { return a.CompareTo(b) < 0; } public static Boolean operator >(String a, String b) { return a.CompareTo(b) > 0; } } }

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  • An operator == whose parameters are non-const references

    - by Eduardo León
    I this post, I've seen this: class MonitorObjectString: public MonitorObject { // some other declarations friend inline bool operator==(/*const*/ MonitorObjectString& lhs, /*const*/ MonitorObjectString& rhs) { return lhs.fVal==rhs.fVal; } } Before we can continue, THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT: I am not questioning anyone's ability to code. I am just wondering why someone would need non-const references in a comparison. The poster of that question did not write that code. This was just in case. This is important too: I added both /*const*/s and reformatted the code. Now, we get back to the topic: I can't think of a sane use of the equality operator that lets you modify its by-ref arguments. Do you?

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  • Dynamic Operator Overloading on dict classes in Python

    - by Ishpeck
    I have a class that dynamically overloads basic arithmetic operators like so... import operator class IshyNum: def __init__(self, n): self.num=n self.buildArith() def arithmetic(self, other, o): return o(self.num, other) def buildArith(self): map(lambda o: setattr(self, "__%s__"%o,lambda f: self.arithmetic(f, getattr(operator, o))), ["add", "sub", "mul", "div"]) if __name__=="__main__": number=IshyNum(5) print number+5 print number/2 print number*3 print number-3 But if I change the class to inherit from the dictionary (class IshyNum(dict):) it doesn't work. I need to explicitly def __add__(self, other) or whatever in order for this to work. Why?

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  • Scala :: operator, how it works?

    - by Felix
    Hello Guys, in Scala, I can make a caseclass case class Foo(x:Int) and then put it in a list like so: List(Foo(42)) Now, nothing strange here. The following is strange to me. The operator :: is a function on a list, right? With any function with 1 argument in Scala, I can call it with infix notation. An example is 1 + 2 is a function (+) on the object Int. The class Foo I just defined does not have the :: operator, so how is the following possible: Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) ? In scala 2.8 rc1, I get the following output from the interactive prompt: scala> case class Foo(x:Int) defined class Foo scala> Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) res2: List[Foo] = List(Foo(40), Foo(2)) scala> I can go on and use it, but if someone can explain it I will be glad :)

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  • Passing operator as a parameter

    - by nacho4d
    Hi, I want to have a function that evaluates 2 bool vars (like a truth table) for example: since T | F : T then myfunc('t', 'f', ||); /*defined as: bool myfunc(char lv, char rv, ????)*/ should return true; how can I pass the third parameter? (I know is possible to pass it as a char* but then I will have to have another table to compare operator string and then do the operation which is something I would like to avoid) Is it possible to pass an operator like ^(XOR) or ||(OR) or &&(AND), etc in a function/method? Thanks in advance

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  • copy C'tor with operator= | C++

    - by user2266935
    I've got this code here: class DerivedClass : public BaseClass { SomeClass* a1; Someclass* a2; public: //constructors go here ~DerivedClass() { delete a1; delete a2;} // other functions go here .... }; My first question is as follows: Can I write an "operator=" to "DerivedClass" ? (if your answer is yes, could you show me how?) My second question is: If the answer to the above is yes, could you show me how to make an "copy c'tor" using the "operator=" that you wrote beforehand (if that is even possible)? Your help would be much appreciated !

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  • template; operator (int)

    - by Oops
    Hi, regarding my Point struct already mentioned here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2794369/template-class-ctor-against-function-new-c-standard is there a chance to replace the function toint() with a cast-operator (int)? namespace point { template < unsigned int dims, typename T > struct Point { T X[ dims ]; //umm??? template < typename U > Point< dims, U > operator U() const { Point< dims, U > ret; std::copy( X, X + dims, ret.X ); return ret; } //umm??? Point< dims, int > operator int() const { Point<dims, int> ret; std::copy( X, X + dims, ret.X ); return ret; } //OK Point<dims, int> toint() { Point<dims, int> ret; std::copy( X, X + dims, ret.X ); return ret; } }; //struct Point template < typename T > Point< 2, T > Create( T X0, T X1 ) { Point< 2, T > ret; ret.X[ 0 ] = X0; ret.X[ 1 ] = X1; return ret; } }; //namespace point int main(void) { using namespace point; Point< 2, double > p2d = point::Create( 12.3, 34.5 ); Point< 2, int > p2i = (int)p2d; //äähhm??? std::cout << p2d.str() << std::endl; char c; std::cin >> c; return 0; } I think the problem is here that C++ cannot distinguish between different return types? many thanks in advance. regards Oops

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  • Why does my token return NULL and how can I fix it?(c++)

    - by Van
    I've created a program to get a string input from a user and parse it into tokens and move a robot according to the input. The program is supposed to recognize these inputs(where x is an integer): "forward x" "back x" "turn left x" "turn right x" and "stop". The program does what it's supposed to for all commands except for "stop". When I type "stop" the program prints out "whats happening?" because I've written a line which states: if(token == NULL) { cout << "whats happening?" << endl; } Why does token get NULL, and how can I fix this so it will read "stop" properly? here is the code: bool stopper = 0; void Navigator::manualDrive() { VideoStream video(&myRobot, 0);//allows user to see what robot sees video.startStream(); const int bufSize = 42; char uinput[bufSize]; char delim[] = " "; char *token; while(stopper == 0) { cout << "Enter your directions below: " << endl; cin.getline(uinput,bufSize); Navigator::parseInstruction(uinput); } } /* parseInstruction(char *c) -- parses cstring instructions received * and moves robot accordingly */ void Navigator::parseInstruction(char * uinput) { char delim[] = " "; char *token; // cout << "Enter your directions below: " << endl; // cin.getline (uinput, bufSize); token=strtok(uinput, delim); if(token == NULL) { cout << "whats happening?" << endl; } if(strcmp("forward", token) == 0) { int inches; token = strtok(NULL, delim); inches = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.0735 * fabs(inches) - 0.0550); myRobot.forward(1, value); } else if(strcmp("back",token) == 0) { int inches; token = strtok(NULL, delim); inches = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.0735 * fabs(inches) - 0.0550); myRobot.backward(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } else if(strcmp("turn",token) == 0) { int degrees; token = strtok(NULL, delim); if(strcmp("left",token) == 0) { token = strtok(uinput, delim); degrees = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.00467 * degrees - 0.04); myRobot.turnLeft(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } else if(strcmp("right",token) == 0) { token = strtok(uinput, delim); degrees = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.00467 * degrees - 0.04); myRobot.turnRight(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } } else if(strcmp("stop",token) == 0) { stopper = 1; } else { std::cerr << "Unknown command '" << token << "'\n"; } } /* autoDrive() -- reads in file from ifstream, parses * and moves robot according to instructions in file */ void Navigator::autoDrive(string filename) { const int bufSize = 42; char fLine[bufSize]; ifstream infile; infile.open("autodrive.txt", fstream::in); while (!infile.eof()) { infile.getline(fLine, bufSize); Navigator::parseInstruction(fLine); } infile.close(); } I need this to break out of the while loop and end manualDrive because in my driver program the next function called is autoDrive.

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  • Sockets receiving null (Android)

    - by Henrik
    I have a android app that is communicating with a server (written in java). Between these two parts I have established a Socket connection and want to send data. The problem I am having is that sometimes, for some users, the information that reaches the server is null. This works (for all phones, all users): Server: int a = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); int b = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); int c = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); int d = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); String checksum = in.readLine(); String model = in.readLine(); String device = in.readLine(); String name = in.readLine(); Client: out.println(a); out.println(b); out.println(c); out.println(d); out.println(hash); out.println(Build.MODEL); out.println(Build.DEVICE); String name = fixName(); out.print(name); out.flush(); This does not work (for some users): Server: int a = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); String checksum = in.readLine(); String model = in.readLine(); String device = in.readLine(); String name = in.readLine(); String msg = in.readLine(); int version = -1; String test = "hej"; try{ test = in.readLine(); version = Integer.parseInt(test); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } Client: out.println(a); out.println(hash); out.println(Build.MODEL); out.println(Build.DEVICE); String name = fixName(); if(name == null) name = "John Doe"; out.println(name); String msg = fixMsg(); if(msg == null) name = "nada"; out.println(msg); out.println(curversion); out.flush(); Sometimes, in the second case, the name, msg, and version (the string test) are null at the server side. The catch is triggered because test is null. curversion,a are ints, the rest are strings. Any ideas?

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  • Git on Windows 7 expecting Linux? /dev/null not found error

    - by Klikini
    I have installed git (not GitHub) on Windows 7 x64 Home Premium, and I cannot get it to work. Opening Git Bash outputs the following: Welcome to Git (version 1.9.4-preview20140815) Run 'git help git' to display the help index. Run 'get help <command>' to display help for specific commands. sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory sh.exe": /dev/null: No such file or directory Andy@ANDY-DELL ~ $ If I open the Git GUI, I get a this box: Title: git-gui: fatal error Content: fatal: open /dev/null or dup failed: No such file or directory Git Gui requires Git 1.5.0 or later. I also tried GitHub for Windows, but I got an internet connection error when attempting to clone a repo, even though my connection is fine. Is this possibly related? I have learned so far that /dev/null is the Linux version of the Windows NUL, but why is it trying to do this on Windows? Thanks in advance.

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  • NHibernate.PropertyValueException : not-null property references a null or transient

    - by frosty
    I am getting the following exception. NHibernate.PropertyValueException : not-null property references a null or transient Here are my mapping files. Product <class name="Product" table="Products"> <id name="Id" type="Int32" column="Id" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="identity"/> </id> <set name="PriceBreaks" table="PriceBreaks" generic="true" cascade="all" inverse="true" > <key column="ProductId" /> <one-to-many class="EStore.Domain.Model.PriceBreak, EStore.Domain" /> </set> </class> Price Breaks <class name="PriceBreak" table="PriceBreaks"> <id name="Id" type="Int32" column="Id" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="identity"/> </id> <property name="ProductId" column="ProductId" type="Int32" not-null="true" /> <many-to-one name="Product" column="ProductId" not-null="true" cascade="all" class="EStore.Domain.Model.Product, EStore.Domain" /> </class> I get the exception on the following method [Test] public void Can_Add_Price_Break() { IPriceBreakRepository repo = new PriceBreakRepository(); var priceBreak = new PriceBreak(); priceBreak.ProductId = 19; repo.Add(priceBreak); Assert.Greater(priceBreak.Id, 0); }

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  • Working with Reporting Services Filters – Part 2: The LIKE Operator

    - by smisner
    In the first post of this series, I introduced the use of filters within the report rather than in the query. I included a list of filter operators, and then focused on the use of the IN operator. As I mentioned in the previous post, the use of some of these operators is not obvious, so I'm going to spend some time explaining them as well as describing ways that you can use report filters in Reporting Services in this series of blog posts. Now let's look at the LIKE operator. If you write T-SQL queries, you've undoubtedly used the LIKE operator to produce a query using the % symbol as a wildcard for multiple characters like this: select * from DimProduct where EnglishProductName like '%Silver%' And you know that you can use the _ symbol as a wildcard for a single character like this: select * from DimProduct where EnglishProductName like '_L Mountain Frame - Black, 4_'   So when you encounter the LIKE operator in a Reporting Services filter, you probably expect it to work the same way. But it doesn't. You use the * symbol as a wildcard for multiple characters as shown here: Expression Data Type Operator Value [EnglishProductName] Text Like *Silver* Note that you don’t have to include quotes around the string that you use for comparison. Books Online has an example of using the % symbol as a wildcard for a single character, but I have not been able to successfully use this wildcard. If anyone has a working example, I’d love to see it!

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  • Binding a null variable in a PreparedStatement

    - by Paul Tomblin
    I swear this used to work, but it's not in this case. I'm trying to match col1, col2 and col3, even if one or more of them is null. I know that in some languages I've had to resort to circumlocutions like ((? is null AND col1 is null) OR col1 = ?). Is that required here? PreparedStatement selStmt = getConn().prepareStatement( "SELECT * " + "FROM tbl1 " + "WHERE col1 = ? AND col2 = ? and col3 = ?"); try { int col = 1; setInt(selStmt, col++, col1); setInt(selStmt, col++, col2); setInt(selStmt, col++, col3); ResultSet rs = selStmt.executeQuery(); try { while (rs.next()) { // process row } } finally { rs.close(); } } finally { selStmt.close(); } // Does the equivalient of stmt.setInt(col, i) but preserves nullness. protected static void setInt(PreparedStatement stmt, int col, Integer i) throws SQLException { if (i == null) stmt.setNull(col, java.sql.Types.INTEGER); else stmt.setInt(col, i); }

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  • What is a NULL value

    - by Adi
    I am wondering , what exactly is stored in the memory when we say a particular variable pointer to be NULL. suppose I have a structure, say typdef struct MEM_LIST MEM_INSTANCE; struct MEM_LIST { char *start_addr; int size; MEM_INSTANCE *next; }; MEM_INSTANCE *front; front = (MEM_INSTANCE*)malloc(sizeof(MEM_INSTANCE*)); -1) If I make front=NULL. What will be the value which actually gets stored in the different fields of the front, say front-size ,front-start_addr. Is it 0 or something else. I have limited knowledge in this NULL thing. -2) If I do a free(front); It frees the memory which is pointed out by front. So what exactly free means here, does it make it NULL or make it all 0. -3) What can be a good strategy to deal with initialization of pointers and freeing them . Thanks in advance

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  • Improving performance in this query

    - by Luiz Gustavo F. Gama
    I have 3 tables with user logins: sis_login = administrators tb_rb_estrutura = coordinators tb_usuario = clients I created a VIEW to unite all these users by separating them by levels, as follows: create view `login_names` as select `n1`.`cod_login` as `id`, '1' as `level`, `n1`.`nom_user` as `name` from `dados`.`sis_login` `n1` union all select `n2`.`id` as `id`, '2' as `level`, `n2`.`nom_funcionario` as `name` from `tb_rb_estrutura` `n2` union all select `n3`.`cod_usuario` as `id`, '3' as `level`, `n3`.`dsc_nome` as `name` from `tb_usuario` `n3`; So, can occur up to three ids repeated for different users, which is why I separated by levels. This VIEW is just to return me user name, according to his id and level. considering it has about 500,000 registered users, this view takes about 1 second to load. too much time, but is becomes very small when I need to return the latest posts on the forum of my website. The tables of the forums return the user id and level, then look for a name in this VIEW. I have registered 18 forums. When I run the query, it takes one second for each forum = 18 seconds. OMG. This page loads every time somebody enter my website. This is my query: select `x`.`forum_id`, `x`.`topic_id`, `l`.`nome` from ( select `t`.`forum_id`, `t`.`topic_id`, `t`.`data`, `t`.`user_id`, `t`.`user_level` from `tb_forum_topics` `t` union all select `a`.`forum_id`, `a`.`topic_id`, `a`.`data`, `a`.`user_id`, `a`.`user_level` from `tb_forum_answers` `a` ) `x` left outer join `login_names` `l` on `l`.`id` = `x`.`user_id` and `l`.`level` = `x`.`user_level` group by `x`.`forum_id` asc USING EXPLAIN: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 Using temporary; Using filesort 1 PRIMARY <derived4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 530415 4 DERIVED n1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 114 5 UNION n2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 6 UNION n3 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 530299 NULL UNION RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 DERIVED t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 3 UNION r ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 NULL UNION RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL Somebody can help me or give a suggestion?

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