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  • ActionScript rotated sprite's startDrag bounds

    - by TheDarkIn1978
    when assigning a bounds to a draggable sprite, it doesn't seem to take rotation of the sprite into consideration. the code below adds a sprite to the display list, rotates it 45º, and adds a MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN event to allow dragging. the startDrag() method's second parameter simply returns the bounds of the stage as a rectangle. however, because of the sprite's rotation, its corners can be dragged past the bounds of the stage. any thoughts? var mySprite:Sprite = new Sprite(); mySprite.graphics.beginFill(0x0000FF, 1); mySprite.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 200, 200); mySprite.graphics.endFill(); mySprite.rotation = 45; addChild(mySprite); mySprite.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, dragSprite, false, 0, true); function dragSprite(evt:MouseEvent):void { evt.target.startDrag(false, spriteBounds()); }

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  • code for TouchPad works, but not for DPAD ...please help me to fix this..

    - by Chandan
    package org.coe.twoD; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.Paint; //import android.graphics.Path; import android.graphics.Rect; //import android.graphics.RectF; import android.os.Bundle; //import android.util.Log; import android.util.Log; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; public class TwoD extends Activity implements OnClickListener { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); View draw2d = findViewById(R.id.draw_button); draw2d.setOnClickListener(this); } public void onClick(View v) { if (R.id.draw_button == v.getId()) { setContentView(new draw2D(this)); } } public class draw2D extends View { private static final String TAG = "Sudoku"; private float width; // width of one tile private float height; // height of one tile private int selX; // X index of selection private int selY; // Y index of selection private final Rect selRect = new Rect(); public draw2D(Context context) { super(context); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { width = w / 9f; height = h / 9f; getRect(selX, selY, selRect); Log.d(TAG, "onSizeChanged: width " + width + ", height " + height); super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { // Draw the background... Paint background = new Paint(); background.setColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.background)); canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), background); // Draw the board... // Define colors for the grid lines Paint dark = new Paint(); dark.setColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.dark)); Paint hilite = new Paint(); hilite.setColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.hilite)); Paint light = new Paint(); light.setColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.light)); // Draw the minor grid lines for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { canvas.drawLine(0, i * height, getWidth(), i * height, light); canvas.drawLine(0, i * height + 1, getWidth(), i * height + 1, hilite); canvas.drawLine(i * width, 0, i * width, getHeight(), light); canvas.drawLine(i * width + 1, 0, i * width + 1, getHeight(), hilite); } // Draw the major grid lines for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { if (i % 3 != 0) continue; canvas.drawLine(0, i * height, getWidth(), i * height, dark); canvas.drawLine(0, i * height + 1, getWidth(), i * height + 1, hilite); canvas.drawLine(i * width, 0, i * width, getHeight(), dark); canvas.drawLine(i * width + 1, 0, i * width + 1, getHeight(), hilite); } /* * dark.setColor(Color.MAGENTA); Path circle= new Path(); * circle.addCircle(150, 150, 100, Path.Direction.CW); * canvas.drawPath(circle, dark); * * * Path rect=new Path(); * * RectF rectf= new RectF(150,200,250,300); rect.addRect(rectf, * Path.Direction.CW); canvas.drawPath(rect, dark); * * * canvas.drawRect(0, 0,250, 250, dark); * * * canvas.drawText("Hello", 200,200, dark); */ Paint selected = new Paint(); selected.setColor(Color.GREEN); canvas.drawRect(selRect, selected); } /* * public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event){ * if(event.getAction()!=MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) return * super.onTouchEvent(event); * select((int)(event.getX()/width),(int)(event.getY()/height)); * * * return true; } */ private void select(int x, int y) { invalidate(selRect); selX = Math.min(Math.max(x, 0), 8); selY = Math.min(Math.max(y, 0), 8); getRect(selX, selY, selRect); invalidate(selRect); } @Override public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) return super.onTouchEvent(event); select((int) (event.getX() / width), (int) (event.getY() / height)); // game.showKeypadOrError(selX, selY); Log.d(TAG, "onTouchEvent: x " + selX + ", y " + selY); return true; } @Override public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { Log.d(TAG, "onKeyDown: keycode=" + keyCode + ", event=" + event); switch (keyCode) { case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_UP: select(selX, selY - 1); break; case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN: select(selX, selY + 1); break; case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT: select(selX - 1, selY); break; case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT: select(selX + 1, selY); break; default: return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event); } return true; } private void getRect(int x, int y, Rect rect) { rect.set((int) (x * width), (int) (y * height), (int) (x * width + width), (int) (y * height + height)); } } }

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  • C# : Direct3D in a control, AND fullscreen on a secondary monitor - what's the best way ?

    - by Led
    I'm working on a C# application that needs to use Direct3D in a control in a windows form, AND (at the same time) fullscreen on a secondary monitor. Basically, I want a Windows Forms application on one screen with a user-interface to control the graphics, and I'd like to show preview-graphics in a small control, and full-blown superduper megafancy graphics fullscreen on a secondary monitor. What's the best way to approach this? (For example, I know XNA can render in a Windows Forms control, but is it possible to then add a fullscreen window on another monitor as well?)

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  • Bug when adding a sprite to 1 <s:State>

    - by lostincode
    I'm working within a skin for a button that has some <s:State> normal over In the tag, I'm drawing a circle private var theshape:Sprite; private function drawShape():void { theshape = new Sprite(); theshape.graphics.beginFill(0x666666); theshape.graphics.drawCircle(3,5,10); theshape.graphics.endFill(); //i then add it to a Spite Visual Element that's defined in mxml canv.addChild(theshape); } This works fine, until I try to control under which states that canv SpriteVisualElement appears. If I just add an includeIn like this <s:SpriteVisualElement id="canv" includeIn="over" /> I get a run-time error TypeError: Error #1009: Cannot access a property or method of a null object reference. Any ideas what the problem is, or a different way I can accomplish the same thing. What I need is to simply include the circle in the button when it's in the hover state.

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  • Virtual Machine Performance - More RAM or More Processor?

    - by webworm
    When looking to improve Virtual Machine performance what would be better ... Increasing the available RAM or increasing the processor power? Here is my choice ... Core 2 Duo @ 2.4 GHz with 8 GB RAM and integrated graphics (Mac Book Pro 13") Core i7 @ 2.6 GHz with 4 GB RAM and 512 MB dedicated graphics (Mac Book Pro 15") I plan to run Windows x64 in the VM with SQL Server 2008, Visual Studio 2010, and SharePoint 2010. I am planning to run VMWare Fusion v3. I also didn't know if a dedicated graphics card makes a difference when using a Virtual Machine. Thank you.

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  • How do I make a simple image-based button with visual states in Silverlight 3?

    - by Jacob
    At my previous company, we created our RIAs using Flex with graphical assets created in Flash. In Flash, you could simply lay out your graphics for different states, i.e. rollover, disabled. Now, I'm working on a Silverlight 3 project. I've been given a bunch of images that need to serve as the graphics for buttons that have a rollover, pressed, and normal state. I cannot figure out how to simply create buttons with different images for different visual states in Visual Studio 2008 or Expression Blend 3. Here's where I am currently. My button is defined like this in the XAML: <Button Style="{StaticResource MyButton}"/> The MyButton style appears as follows: <Style x:Key="MyButton" TargetType="Button"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"> <Image Source="/Assets/Graphics/mybtn_up.png" Width="54" Height="24"> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Focused"/> <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/> </VisualStateGroup> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/> <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"/> <VisualState x:Name="Pressed"/> <VisualState x:Name="Disabled"/> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> </Image> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> I cannot figure out how to assign a different template to different states, nor how to change the image's source based on which state I'm in. How do I do this? Also, if you know of any good documentation that describes how styles work in Silverlight, that would be great. All of the search results I can come up with are frustratingly unhelpful. Edit: I found a way to change the image via storyboards like this: <Style x:Key="MyButton" TargetType="Button"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"> <Image Source="/Assets/Graphics/mybtn_up.png" Width="54" Height="24" x:Name="Image"> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Focused"/> <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/> </VisualStateGroup> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/> <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"> <Storyboard Storyboard.TargetName="Image" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Source"> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="/Assets/Graphics/mybtn_over.png"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="Pressed"> <Storyboard Storyboard.TargetName="Image" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Source"> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="/Assets/Graphics/mybtn_active.png"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="Disabled"/> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> </Image> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> However, this seems like a strange way of doing things to me. Is there a more standard way of accomplishing this?

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  • How is includegraphic interfering with tabular?

    - by Charles Stewart
    I'm editing a text provided by my client as a LyX file that includes graphics and other files that I don't have. I've "commented out" the graphics by putting in a custom preamble that substitutes the file-loading definitions with macros that just quote their arguments. However, the \includegraphic macro throws up an error in the two tabular environments where it is used, complaining that \endfirsthead was never defined. What is this macro, and why is it interfering with mine? The preamble: \usepackage{natbib} \def\fileloc{/some/path/stylefile} \newif\iftextproof \IfFileExists\alifefileloc\textproofalse\textprooftrue \iftextproof \usepackage{./stylefile} %natbib subst: \renewcommand\cite[1]{{\tt #1}} %suppress graphics includes: \def\quotearg#1{\expandafter\string\csname #1\endcsname} \newcommand\gobbleIG[2][*void*]{{\footnotesize \quotearg{#2}}} \newcommand\gobbleSF[2][*unnamed*]{{\bf #1}} \let\includegraphics=\gobbleIG \let\subfigure=\gobbleSF \else \usepackage\fileloc \fi

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  • Any advices for AS3 Open Source tools?

    - by Helio S. Junior
    Hello All, I am looking for open source tools to do Actionscript3 web development. (Web Sites) I know about the existence of tools such as Eclipse+plugins and Flash Develop for the coding but I am most concerned about the graphics part. Is there any tool out there to create SWFs with all the graphics for animate with AS3 later? And besides.... how to find out the positioning of all the graphics in the layout withou a tools like Flash IDE. Is there a similar replacement tool for that? Thanks in Advance, H

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  • How do I use SDl_Threads properly?

    - by Anoymonous
    I am new to threads,SDL and how graphic work in general. I've been looking through all of LazyFoo's SDL tutorials, and had helped me greatly. But in his tutorials about multi threading, he commented that you should never use video functions in separate threads, or might cause problem. I am curious how it should be done, as I still have a vague understanding of graphics and threads. As one of my projects is a shoot'em up, I was wondering if I should create one thread that displays all the graphics, one threads receives all the player input for his ship, and another thread for the enemy AI. If this is NOT how it should be done, (I think it's wrong) does anyone have any advice of how graphics should be implemented with user input and enemy AI with threads? For the Lazyfoo's tutorials, this is the link: http://lazyfoo.net/SDL_tutorials/

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  • How to create curved Text on a Bitmap?

    - by TooFat
    I am currently dynamically creating a bitmap and using the graphics object from the string from the bitmap to Draw a string on it like so. System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bmp); graph.DrawString(text, font, brush, new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0)); This returns a rectangle shaped bitmap with the string written straight across from left to right. I would like to also be able to draw the string in the shape of a rainbow. How can I do this?

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  • Scale GraphicsPaths

    - by serhio
    In a form I draw a graph. This graph has some distinct paths that should have differently drawn. Say AxesPath, SalesPath, CostsPath etc... When I resize the form need I to scale every of components Paths? Take an example: Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D Public Class Form1 Dim lineOne As GraphicsPath Dim lineTwo As GraphicsPath Dim allPaths As GraphicsPath Dim initSize As Size Public Sub New() ' This call is required by the designer. ' InitializeComponent() initSize = Me.Size lineOne = New GraphicsPath() lineTwo = New GraphicsPath() lineOne.AddLine(20.0F, 20.0F, Me.initSize.Width - 20.0F, 20.0F) lineTwo.AddLine(0.1F, 10.0F, Me.initSize.Width - 20.0F, _ Me.initSize.Height - 0.5F) allPaths = New GraphicsPath() allPaths.AddPath(lineOne, False) allPaths.AddPath(lineTwo, False) Me.ResizeRedraw = True End Sub Protected Overrides Sub OnResize(ByVal e As System.EventArgs) MyBase.OnResize(e) Dim m As New Matrix m.Scale(Me.Width / initSize.Width, Me.Height / initSize.Height) allPaths.Transform(m) initSize = Me.Size End Sub Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As PaintEventArgs) MyBase.OnPaint(e) ' WORKS ' ' e.Graphics.DrawPath(Pens.GreenYellow, allPaths) ' ' DOES NOT WORK! ' e.Graphics.DrawPath(Pens.DarkGoldenrod, lineOne) e.Graphics.DrawPath(Pens.DarkMagenta, lineTwo) End Sub End Class

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  • ActionScript Accessing Functions/Vars From Outside Of Class

    - by TheDarkIn1978
    how can i call public functions or vars of a sprite class from another class (or frame script)? i keep getting 1061: Call to a possibly undefined method (function i'm trying to call) through a reference with static type flash.display:Sprite. //Framescript var a:Sprite = new customRect(); addChild(a); a.getSide(); //.as file package { import flash.display.Sprite; public class customRect extends Sprite { public var side:Number; private function customRect() { var box:Sprite = new Sprite(); box.graphics.beginFill(); box.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 200, 200); box.graphics.endFill(); side = box.width; } public function getSide():void { trace(side); } } }

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  • UIComponent's width and height have no effect on Sprite

    - by flexwheel
    Given this code: var circle:Sprite = new Sprite(); circle.graphics.beginFill(0xFFCC00); circle.graphics.drawCircle(0, 0, 20); var uiComp:UIComponent = new UIComponent(); uiComp.x = 100; uiComp.y = 100; uiComp.measuredHeight = 0; uiComp.measuredWidth = 0; uiComp.addChild(circle); addChild(uiComp); Why does changing the width and height of uiComp not affect the Sprite? Wouldn't UIComponent provide Sprite with a Graphics object, which limits that area where Sprite can draw?

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  • GDI+ DrawImage function

    - by ET
    There is something I am missing. Say I have the following code: private Bitmap source = new Bitmap (some_stream); Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(100,100); Rectangle newRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height); Rectangle toZoom= new Rectangle(0, 0, 10, 10); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp); g.DrawImage(source, newRect, toZoom, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); My goal is to zoom-in the 10x10 pixels on the top left corner of the source picture. After I created the graphics object g and called DrawImage: the requested rectangle (toZoom) will be copied to bmp, or will it be displayed on the screen? I am a bit confused, can somebody please clarify?

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  • BitmapFactory.decodeResource returns null value

    - by krasnoff
    I am tring to load bitmaps from an internal resource in a View object (the source itself is in "drawable" files). the code is: import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.View; public class BannerView extends View { private Bitmap m_Banner = null; public BannerView(Context context, AttributeSet attributeSet) { super(context, attributeSet); m_Banner = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.banner); } } Why m_Banner value is null? thank you in advance Kobi

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  • How to rotate a figure without moving around the stage(actionscript)

    - by Mister PHP
    package { import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.events.Event; public class Bullet extends MovieClip { private var mc:MovieClip; public function Bullet() { mc = new MovieClip(); mc.graphics.beginFill(0); mc.graphics.drawRect(120, 120, 40, 40); mc.graphics.endFill(); addChild(mc); addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame); } private function onEnterFrame(e:Event):void{ mc.rotation += 10; } } } how can i make the rotation of the circle without moving him around the stage, just staying in the place he was before and just rotate, not moving anywhere is that posible?? if you try this code you'll see that the circle is rotating and moving around the stage, so that i don't want, how can i change this?

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  • download a complete folder

    - by Christian
    Hi, in my app I use several png-graphics. For the present version they are installed with the app in the folder "graphic". I made while programming. Now I need some more png-graphics and I don't want to make each time an app-update. How can I manage it, that the app is downloading the png-files from my webserver without knowing the name. I am looking for something which compares the files on the webserver with the files on the iPhone and if there is a new (or newer) file download it. Or is it possible to make an plist-file with the graphics??

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  • simple for loop not running

    - by NativeCoder
    for ( var i:int = 0 ; i < 1; i++) { for ( var j:int = 0 ; j < 1; j++) { if (shape[j][i] == 0 ) { pencil.graphics.beginFill(0); pencil.graphics.drawRect(10,10,5,5); pencil.graphics.endFill(); } } } i am trying to run this code where shape is an array 2*2 gives an error ReferenceError: Error #1069: Property 0 not found on Number and there is no default value. at Main() need help

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  • Not working giving error #1069

    - by NativeCoder
    for ( var i:int = 0 ; i < 1; i++) { for ( var j:int = 0 ; j < 1; j++) { if (shape[j][i] == 0 ) { pencil.graphics.beginFill(0); pencil.graphics.drawRect(10,10,5,5); pencil.graphics.endFill(); } } } i am trying to run this code where shape is an array 2*2 gives an error ReferenceError: Error #1069: Property 0 not found on Number and there is no default value. at Main() need help

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  • Multiple render targets and pixel shader outputs terminology

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    I'm a little confused on the jargon: does Multiple Render Targets (MRT) refer to outputting from a pixel shader to multiple elements in a struct? That is, when one says "MRT is to write to multiple textures", are multiple elements interleaved in a single output texture, or do you specify multiple discrete output textures? By the way, from what I understand, at least for DX9, all the elements of this struct need to be of the same size. Does this restriction still apply to DX11?

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  • System Variables, Stored Procedures or Functions for Meta Data

    - by BuckWoody
    Whenever you want to know something about SQL Server’s configuration, whether that’s the Instance itself or a database, you have a few options. If you want to know “dynamic” data, such as how much memory or CPU is consumed or what a particular query is doing, you should be using the Dynamic Management Views (DMVs) that you can read about here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188754.aspx  But if you’re looking for how much memory is installed on the server, the version of the Instance, the drive letters of the backups and so on, you have other choices. The first of these are system variables. You access these with a SELECT statement, and they are useful when you need a discrete value for use, say in another query or to put into a table. You can read more about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173823.aspx You also have a few stored procedures you can use. These often bring back a lot more data, pre-formatted for the screen. You access these with the EXECUTE syntax. It is a bit more difficult to take the data they return and get a single value or place the results in another table, but it is possible. You can read more about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187961.aspx Yet another option is to use a system function, which you access with a SELECT statement, which also brings back a discrete value that you can use in a test or to place in another table. You can read about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187812.aspx  By the way, many of these constructs simply query from tables in the master or msdb databases for the Instance or the system tables in a user database. You can get much of the information there as well, and there are even system views in each database to show you the meta-data dealing with structure – more on that here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx  Some of these choices are the only way to get at a certain piece of data. But others overlap – you can use one or the other, they both come back with the same data. So, like many Microsoft products, you have multiple ways to do the same thing. And that’s OK – just research what each is used for and how it’s intended to be used, and you’ll be able to select (pun intended) the right choice. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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  • Breaking down CS courses for freshmen

    - by Avinash
    I'm a student putting together a slide geared towards freshmen level students who are trying to understand what the importance of various classes in the CS curriculum are. Would it be safe to say that this list is fairly accurate? Data structures: how to store stuff in programs Discrete math: how to think logically Bits & bytes: how to ‘speak’ the machine’s language Advanced data structures: how to store stuff in more ways Algorithms: how to compute things efficiently Operating systems: how to do manage different processes/threads Thanks!

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  • Should certain math classes be required for a Computer Science degree?

    - by sunpech
    For a Computer Science degree at many colleges and universities, certain math courses are required: Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Discrete Mathematics are few examples. However, since I've started working in the real world as a software developer, I have yet to truly use the knowledge I had at once acquired from taking those classes. My question is: Should these math classes be required to obtain a computer science degree? Or would they better served as electives? A Slashdot post: CS Profs Debate Role of Math In CS Education

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  • Are proofs worth the effort?

    - by Shashank Jain
    I bought the de-facto book for learning about data structures and algorithms (CLRS). The book is though quite good but the singularity is in the proofs. The book is filled with Lemmas, theorems, peculiar symbols and unimaginable recurrence relations which are very hard to understand. I am able to somehow get the algorithms but the discrete mathematics just not for me. So should I leave them out and just concentrate on algorithims?

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  • Mutable Records in F#

    - by MarkPearl
    I’m loving my expert F# book – today I thought I would give a post on using mutable records as covered in Chapter 4 of Expert F#. So as they explain the simplest mutable data structures in F# are mutable records. The whole concept of things by default being immutable is a new one for me from my C# background. Anyhow… lets look at some C# code first. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace MutableRecords { public class DiscreteEventCounter { public int Total { get; set; } public int Positive { get; set; } public string Name { get; private set; } public DiscreteEventCounter(string name) { Name = name; } } class Program { private static void recordEvent(DiscreteEventCounter s, bool isPositive) { s.Total += 1; if (isPositive) s.Positive += 1; } private static void reportStatus (DiscreteEventCounter s) { Console.WriteLine("We have {0} {1} out of {2}", s.Positive, s.Name, s.Total); } static void Main(string[] args) { var longCounter = new DiscreteEventCounter("My Discrete Counter"); recordEvent(longCounter, true); recordEvent(longCounter, true); reportStatus(longCounter); Console.ReadLine(); } } } Quite simple, we have a class that has a few values. We instantiate an instance of the class and perform increments etc on the instance. Now lets look at an equivalent F# sample. namespace EncapsulationNS module Module1 = open System type DiscreteEventCounter = { mutable Total : int mutable Positive : int Name : string } let recordEvent (s: DiscreteEventCounter) isPositive = s.Total <- s.Total+1 if isPositive then s.Positive <- s.Positive+1 let reportStatus (s: DiscreteEventCounter) = printfn "We have %d %s out of %d" s.Positive s.Name s.Total let newCounter nm = { Total = 0; Positive = 0; Name = nm } // // Using it... // let longCounter = newCounter "My Discrete Counter" recordEvent longCounter (true) recordEvent longCounter (true) reportStatus longCounter System.Console.ReadLine() Notice in the type declaration of the DiscreteEventCounter we had to explicitly declare that the total and positive value holders were mutable. And that’s it – a very simple example of mutable types.

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