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  • "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

    - by danwroy
    Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

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  • Language Agnositc Basic Programming Question

    - by Rachel
    This is very basic question from programming point of view but as I am in learning phase, I thought I would better ask this question rather than having an misunderstanding or narrow knowledge about the topic. So do excuse me if somehow I mess it up. Question: Let say I have class A,B,C and D now class A has some piece of code which I need to have in class B,C and D so I am extending class A in class B, class C, and class D Now how can I access the function of class A in other classes, do I need to create an object of class A and than access the function of class A or as am extending A in other classes than I can internally call the function using this parameter. If possible I would really appreciate if someone can explain this concept with code sample explaining how the logic flows.

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  • XML RSS to HTML parser doesn't work

    - by mstr
    I'm using MCX (I don't even know if someone here is familiar with it, pretty unkown derivate of COBOL and Fortran, look it up in google when you don't believe me) Note: I'm using MCX on the MCX-WebServices server as it does neither support apache or ISS, mabye that is one problem. The thing is that I want to use the XML library to read in an XML file and convert it into an output format readable by the user. The XML lib already has all the functions I need for that, yet my program fails. #!usr/bin/mcx $PGRM.ID: index.mcx $PGRM.AT: /mstr SHOWERROR: WRITE XML.LastError --> OUTPUT DO_FLUSH xcit end\ MAIN: IMPORT Extras.XML USE Extras $XML_RSS_FILE: XML.ReadIn "rss.xml" ! $XML_RSS_FILE --> GOTO SHOWERROR $XML_RSS: XML.FormatRSS1 <-- $XML_RSS_FILE ! $XML_RSS --> GOTO SHOWERROR WRITE $XML_RSS --> OUTPUT DO_FLUSH FLUSH xcit end\ Program output: Nothing The rss.xml file 100% exists and is readable Thanks in advance

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  • Why Do You Use Delphi?

    - by lkessler
    Nick Bradbury (the author of HomeSite, TopStyle and FeedDemon) just posted a fascinating explanation of why he uses Delphi: http://nick.typepad.com/blog/2009/07/why-i-use-delphi.html I'd like to know if there are other reasons. Why do you use Delphi? (I'm making this community wiki from the onset. I'm interested in hearing your answers, not in points.)

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  • Cross-Platform Language + GUI Toolkit for Prototyping Multimedia Applications

    - by msutherl
    I'm looking for a language + GUI toolkit for rapidly prototyping utility applications for multimedia installations. I've been working with Max/MSP/Jitter for many years, but I'd like to add a text-based language to my 'arsenal' for tasks apart from 'content production'. (When it comes to actual media synthesis, my choices are clear [SuperCollider + MSP for audio, Jitter + Quartz + openFrameworks for video]). I'm looking for something that maintains some of the advantages of Max, but is lower-level, faster, more cross-platfrom (Linux support), and text-based. Integration with powerful sound/video libraries is not a requirement. Some requirements: Cross-platform (at least OSX and Linux, Windows is a plus) Fast and easy cross-platform GUIs with no platform-specific modification GUI code separated from backend code as much as possible Good for interfacing with external serial devices (micro-controllers) Good network support (UDP/TCP) Good libraries for multi-media (video, sound, OSC) are a plus Asynchronous synchronous UNIX integration is a plus The options that come to mind: AS3/Flex (not a fan of AS3 or the idea of running in the Flash Player) openFrameworks (C++ framework, perhaps a bit too low level [looking for fast development time] and biased toward video work) Java w/ Processing libraries (like openFrameworks, just slower) Python + Qt (is Qt appropriate for rapid prototyping?) Python + Another GUI toolkit SuperCollider + Swing (yucky GUI development) Java w/ SWT Any other options? What do you recommend?

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  • n++ vs n=n+1. Which one is faster

    - by piemesons
    Somebody asked me Is n++ faster than n=n+1? My answer:-- ++ is a unary operator in C which(n++) takes only one machine instruction to execute while n=n+1 takes more than one machine instructions to execute. Anyone correct me if I am wrong, but in Assembler it take something like this: n++: inc n n = n + 1; mov ax n add ax 1 mov n ax its not exactli this, but it's near it.but in most cases a good compiler will change n = n + 1 to ++n.So A good compiler will generate same code for both and hence the same time to execute.

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  • Why would a variable in Scala code mysteriously become null?

    - by Alex R
    I've isolated the problem down to this: Predef.println("the value of argv1 here is " + argv(1)); var n: $ = undef; n = argv(1); Predef.println("the value of argv1 here is " + argv(1)); Predef.println("the value of n here is " + n); Predef.println("the class of n here is " + n.getClass); Here's the definition of $: class $ { println("constructed a new $ of type: " + this.getClass); def value: $ = this; def toValue: Value = { new ConstStringValue(this.toString()) }; def -(sym: Symbol): $ = { println("looked up: " + sym); this } def -(sym: $): $ = { println("looked up: " + sym); this } def update(sym: Symbol, any: Any) { println("update called: " + sym + "=" + any); } def apply(sym: Symbol) = { this } def apply(obj: $) = { this } def apply() = { this } def +(o:$) = this.toValue.div(o.toValue) def *(o:$) = this.toValue.mul(o.toValue) def >(o:$) = this.toValue.gt(o.toValue) def <(o:$) = this.toValue.lt(o.toValue) def ++() = { this } def -=(o:$) = { this } } When run, the code prints: the value of argv1 here is 10 the value of argv1 here is 10 the value of n here is null java.lang.NullPointerException at test_1_php$.include(_tmp.scala:149) at php.script.main(php.scala:57) at test_1_php.main(_tmp.scala) [...] Why would n mysteriously lose its value (or fail to take one on)?

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  • The future of programming, or what lies in the future in programming?

    - by prosseek
    I remember that a article that Microsoft uses formal verification to debug the Device Driver, and I also remember that Functional Programming removes much of the bug as it ensures stateless programming. And we all know about the multi-core. I beleive all of them are future direction of programming or programming language. Multi-core programming or parallel programming Software Formal Verification Functional Programming (as a mainstream?) What do you think? What will be the future of programming?

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  • Have you ever tried programming in Malbolge?

    - by eleven81
    Have you ever tried programming in Malbolge? I have read some of the top links returned by google, here, here, here, and here. I am very intrigued by this prospect, and would like to start playing around. For those of you who have dabbled in Malbolge before, what experiences did you have? Did you have any success? How did you get started, and where did you end up? Thanks!

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  • Is this an example for parametric polymorphism?

    - by mrt181
    Hi i am educating myself oop principles. I would like to know if this is a correct example of Cardellis definition of parametric polymorphism. Please enlighten me. The example is in cfml's script based syntax. <cfcomponent> <cfscript> public numeric function getlength(any arg, string type){ switch (arguments.type){ case "array": return arraylen(arguments.arg); break; case "struct": return structcount(arguments.arg); break; case "string": return len(arguments.arg); break; case "numeric": return len(arguments.arg); break; case "object": // gets the number of parent classes, substracting the railo base class return -1 + arraylen(structfindkey(getmetadata(arguments.arg),"extends","all")); break; default: // throw was added to railo as a user defined function to use it in cfscript throw("InvalidTypeArgument","The provided type argument is invalid for method getlength"); } } </cfscript> </cfcomponent>

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  • MVC 2 - Name Attributes on HTML Input Field when using Parent/Child Entities

    - by Click Ahead
    Hi All, I'm pretty new to MVC 2 using the Entity Framework. I have two tables Company {ID int identity PK,Name nvarchar} and User {ID int identity PK,UserName nvarchar,CompanyID int FK}. A Foreign Key exists between User and Company. I generated my ADO.NET Entity Data Model, a Controller and a view to insert a record. My HTML form has the fields Company and UserName and the idea is when I click save a Company and User is inserted into the database. Sounds straight forward right! My question is as follows: I created a strongly-typed view derived from my 'User' entity. I'm using the the html helper Html.TextBoxFor(model = model.Organisation.Name) but the html name attribute for this input field is 'Organisation.Name'. My problem with this is that the dot throws up all sorts of issues in JQuery, which sees this as a property. If I want to change the name I read that I can use DataAnnotations but because I used the Entity Designer this involves using Buddy Classes. Seems like a bit of overkill just to change the html name attribute on this input field. Am I approaching this the right way or am I missing something here? Thanks for the help !

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  • Programming interface

    - by user309010
    Hi All, I currently building a data collection system [mainly "EFM" - enterprise feed back management] using .NET. I was wondering if there is a possibility to provide the user to script and manipulate the objects - like a programming language but with minor functionalities Thanks

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  • Folder View in C# Form

    - by Kiran
    Hello, In an attempt to learn C#, I am trying to develop Picasa Like Application to display Photographs from my Library. Would it be possible to display folders as in Picasa Using C# ? Any help would be highly helpful.

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  • How do I setup a Python development environment on Linux ?

    - by Rob Sobers
    I'm a .NET developer who knows very little about Python, but want to give it a test drive for a small project I'm working on. What tools and packages should I install on my machine? I'm looking for a common, somewhat comprehensive, development environment. I'll likely run Ubuntu 9.10, but I'm flexible. If Windows is a better option, that's fine too.

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  • Effects of the `extern` keyword on C functions

    - by Elazar Leibovich
    In C I did not notice any effect of the extern keyword used before function declaration. At first I thougth that when defining extern int f(); in a single file forces you to implement it outside of the files scope, however I found out that both extern int f(); int f() {return 0;} And extern int f() {return 0;} Compiles just fine, with no warnings from gcc. I used gcc -Wall -ansi, he wouldn't even accept // comments. Are there any effects for using extern before function definitions? Or is it just an optional keyword with no side effects for functions. In the latter case I don't understand why did the standard designers chose to litter the grammar with superfluous keywords. EDIT: to clarify, I know there's usage for extern in variables, but I'm only asking about extern in functions.

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  • Where does C# and the .NET Framework fail?

    - by Nate Bross
    In my non-programming life, I always attempt to use the approprite tool for the job, and I feel that I do the same in my programming life, but I find that I am choosing C# and .NET for almost everything. I'm finding it hard to come up with (realistic business) needs that cannot be met by .NET and C#. Obviously embedded systems might require something less bloated than the .NET Micro Framework, but I'm really looking for line of business type situations where .NET is not the best tool. I'm primarly a C# and .NET guy since its what I'm the most comfertable in, but I know a fair amount of C++, php, VB, powershell, batch files, and Java, as well as being versed in the web technologes (javascript, html/css). But I'm open minded about it my skill set and I'm looking for cases where C# and .NET are not the right tool for the job. The bottom line here, is that I feel that I'm choosing C# and .NET simply because I am very comfertable with it, so I'm looking for cases where you have chosen something other than .NET, even though you are primarly a .NET developer.

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  • How can I get the source code for ASTassistant?

    - by cyclotis04
    I'm trying to develop an application similar to ASTassistant, and in the article the author says that he included "the source code with the binaries." After downloading the ZIP folder, however, I've found no source. The program is written in REAL Basic, which I don't know anything about. Do I need to purchase REAL Basic to view ASTassistant's source code, or is it somewhere I haven't looked? Thanks

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