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• Where to set java heap options (e.g. -Xmx) for Tomcat 6 under Ubuntu 9.04?

  - by Chris

  I'm running Tomcat using the tomcat6 package from Ubuntu 9.04, which makes a daemon out of Tomcat using jsvc. I'd like to know the proper way to set Java heap options like -Xmx for Tomcat. I'd like to put the configuration wherever is most stylistically correct, and wherever is least likely to be overwritten by Ubuntu package updates. The options I see right now: Hard-code them somewhere in /etc/init.d/tomcat6. Hard-code them somewhere in /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh. Create a line in /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/startup.sh to set CATALINA_OPTS to have the desired flags, and then export CATALINA_OPTS as an environment variable. (This looks like it will get picked up by catalina.sh.) The last option sounds like the best one, and it's advocated (without explanation of why) at http://serverfault.com/questions/121038/increasing-javas-heapspace-in-tomcat-startup-script. But I wanted to get a second opinion. Anyone want to confirm that there isn't a better way?

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• A space-efficient filesystem for grow-as-needed virtual disks ?

  - by Steve Schnepp

  A common practice is to use non-preallocated virtual disks. Since they only grow as needed, it makes them perfect for fast backup, overallocation and creation speed. Since file systems are usually based on physical disks they have the tendency to use the whole area available1 in order to increase the speed2 or reliability3. I'm searching a filesystem that does the exact opposite : try to touch the minimum blocks need by an aggressive block reuse. I would happily trade some performance for space usage. There is already a similar question, but it is rather general. I have very specific goal : space-efficiency. 1. Like page caching uses all the free physical memory 2. Canonical example : online defragmentation 3. Canonical example : snapshotting

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• On ESXi, guest machines hang for significant intervals compared to real machines. How can I fix this?

  - by Tarbox

  This is ESXi version 5.0.0. We plan on upgrading to 5.5 eventually. I have four code profiles, two taken on a real, unvirtualized machine, two taken on a virtual machine. Ordering the list of subroutines by time spent in each one, the two real profiles are practically identical. The two virtual profiles are different from each other and from the real profiles: a subset of subroutines are taking a lot more time on the virtual machines, and the subset is different for each run. The two virtual profiles take a similar amount of time, which is 3 times the amount of time the real profiles take. This gross "how long does it take?" result is consistent after hundreds of tests across three different virtual machines on two different host machines -- the virtual machine is just slower. I've only the code profiling on the four, however. Here's the most guilty set of lines: This is the real machine: 8µs $text = '' unless defined $text; 1.48ms foreach ( split( "\n", $text ) ) { This is the first run on the virtual machine: 20.1ms $text = '' unless defined $text; 1.49ms foreach ( split( "\n", $text ) ) { This is the second run on the virtual machine: 6µs $text = '' unless defined $text; 21.9ms foreach ( split( "\n", $text ) ) { My WAG is that the VM is swapping out the thread and then swapping it back in, destroying some level of cache in the process, but these code profiles were taken when the vm in question was the only active vm on the host, so... what? What does that mean? The guest itself is under light load, this is a latency problem for my users rather than throughput. The host is also under a light load, if I knew what resources to assign where, I could do it without worrying about the cost. I've attempted to lock memory, reserve cpu, assign a restrictive affinity, and disable hyperthread sharing. They don't help, it still takes the VM 2-4x the amount of time to do the same thing as the real machine. The host the tests were run on is 6x2.50GHz, Intel Xeon E5-26400 w/ 16gigs of ram. The guest exhibits the same performance under a wide combination of settings. The real machine is 4x2.13GHz, Xeon E5506 w/ 2 gigs of ram. Thank you for all advice.

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• How can I get bash to perform tab-completion for my aliases?

  - by dstarh

  I have a bunch of bash completion scripts set up (mostly using bash-it and some manually setup). I also have a bunch of aliases setup for common tasks like gco for git checkout. Right now I can type git checkout dTab and develop is completed for me but when I type gco dTab it does not complete. I'm assuming this is because the completion script is completing on git and it fails to see gco. Is there a way to generically/programmatically get all of my completion scripts to work with my aliases? Not being able to complete when using the alias kind of defeats the purpose of the alias.

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• Why do mapped drives only reappear after logging out and back in, and not after a reboot?

  - by razumny

  I work in a corporate environment, where we use mostly Windows 7 Professional computers, though some legacy applications are still being run on Windows XP. We have security in place on the network not to allow access to network resources to computers that are not members of Active Directory. When logging in, our users get their home folder and a common network drive mapped to H: and F:, respectively. Sometimes, this does not happen, and the drives are not mapped. The solution is to have the user log off, and back in to Windows. If they reboot, the drives remain unmapped. Does anyone know why this may be?

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• USB hard drive not recognized

  - by user318772

  Until recently I was using the portable USB hard drive in my win 7 laptop and ubuntu laptop. Suddenly now none of the laptops recognize it. This is the message i get by doing lsusb... Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1058:1010 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Elements External HDD Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0b97:7762 O2 Micro, Inc. Oz776 SmartCard Reader Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0b97:7761 O2 Micro, Inc. Oz776 1.1 Hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 413c:a005 Dell Computer Corp. Internal 2.0 Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub fdisk doesn't show the external hard drive Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004a743 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 152111103 76054528 83 Linux /dev/sda2 152113150 156301311 2094081 5 Extended /dev/sda5 152113152 156301311 2094080 82 Linux swap / Solaris when i do testdisk TestDisk 6.14, Data Recovery Utility, July 2013 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org TestDisk is free software, and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. Select a media (use Arrow keys, then press Enter): >Disk /dev/sda - 80 GB / 74 GiB - ST980825AS Disk /dev/sdb - 2199 GB / 2048 GiB testdisk-> Intel->analyse I get partition error Disk /dev/sdb - 2199 GB / 2048 GiB - CHS 2097152 64 32 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition: Read error Here is the output of dmesg [11948.549171] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.549177] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.549181] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 [11948.550489] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Invalid command failure [11948.550495] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550499] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [11948.550505] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550508] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] [11948.550514] Info fld=0x0 [11948.550519] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550525] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.550531] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.550534] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 [11948.551870] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Invalid command failure [11948.551876] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551880] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [11948.551885] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551888] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] [11948.551895] Info fld=0x0 [11948.551900] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551905] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.551911] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.551914] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 If possible i want to retrive at least some data from this hard drive. If thats not possible I would like to format it and use it. Any help will be greatly appreciated Thanks

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• How to forward http traffic through a specific network adapter.

  - by user18129

  i have the following scenario. Two laptops are connected via a router through the Ethernet ports. These two computers need to be able to communicate together. One computer also needs to access the internet through a different adapter (i.e. we will taking these two laptops two various sites where by the most common type of internet access will be wireless).In isolation all of the various adapters work fine (i.e. the internal network works fine, and the wireless connects to the internet). However,we try to turn on all of the adapters at the same time,the following occurs: If we bridge the two network connections together on the "Server" -The internet connection doesn't work through the wireless If we don't bridge the connections The internet connections don't work It seems like http traffic is trying to be sent through the Ethernet adapter (which of course is not connected to an internet connection). How can we solve this?

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• Mail Secure & Stable Open Source Mail Server

  - by Fanar ALHAYALI

  I have asked question on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9868426/i-need-to-know-which-email-server-i-have-to-use and someone tell me my question would be better on serverfault. I know that this is a common question and asked many times. but there are so many available mail servers that i am not able to decide the one. Kindly tell that which is the Secure, Stable and fast open source mail server for Centos or Redhat Server. Is there any guide which can be used to deploy the mail server with all its components e.g. smtp, pop3, imap, spam, calender server, antivirus, DNS Setting. Currently I'm using sun messaging V6 which installed on Solaris 10 and my boss ask me to make a report for the best mail server today in the marketing? I tried to have a look on Google but I couldn't find interesting information for my report. Any advice would be appreciated.

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• How are suspected DoS attacks handled by webservers?

  - by Jan Kuboschek

  I rent a server somewhere out in Canada or so that I'm using to host a website of mine. That website has close to 400,000 pages that I wanted to index today. For that, I wrote a crawler a while back (see JCrawler on Stackoverflow.com). Now, I'm greedy and didn't want it to take too long so I ran multiple threads resulting in some 60+ requests per second from my IP. A couple minutes later, my server locked me out. I can still FTP into it, but I can't HTTP it. As server administrator or user, do you have any idea how servers usually handle these situations? Is it common to place a permanent or temporary ban on the IP or what is typically done? Naturally, I'll re-run my software with fewer requests once I'm back on.

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• Restoring the Fonts folder by using a restore point

  - by ryalho

  I am an idiot. Who would have thought that installing 2 gigs of fonts would be detrimental to the boot up time for the most common design programs such as adobe illustrator. I would like to restore the font folder because I am no longer able to just delete the fonts. It takes too long. So when I right-click the fonts folder and select "Restore Previous Versions" I am able to find a restore point, but the "Restore" button is greyed out. this leads me to think that I cannot change the settings of files in the windows directory. Oh and there are 34,000 fonts I need gone. Thanks

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• Windows and domain suffix addition

  - by grawity

  I have a DNS domain and host it on my own server. My desktop PC (Windows XP) is configured to have mydomain.tld as its primary DNS suffix. Now, when the system tries to resolve any domain - stackoverflow.com, for example - it tries with the suffix added first, even if the name has periods in it. In other words, it tries stackoverflow.com.mydomain.tld. before stackoverflow.com.. Is this valid according to DNS standards and common sense? Is there anything I can do to prevent it, other than removing the prefix completely? (I still want it to be appended to single-component hostnames. Currently I have two prefixes . and mydomain.tld. configured, but it isn't very fast when resolving foohost.)

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• Incrementing ticket numbers each time I print

  - by Danny

  I have an excel sheet where I have a set 4 identical tickets to print per page which we use for stock takes. Rather then creating a huge document with 1000 pages for 4000 tickets each with their own unique ticket number (starting from 1) I would like to find a Macro or function which will print a page with 4 tickets on (1,2,3,4) then continue to print another with (5,6,7,8) and so on. I have found some code that people have already written but it has only applied to one number changing per page rather than 4 simultaneously and being a complete visual basic novice, I was unable to change the code to suit my preferences. If someone could explain simply how I could achieve this I would be very very grateful :)

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• Why no Win16 support in 64-bit Windows?

  - by dsimcha

  My understanding (from Wikipedia) is that the x64 instruction set supports executing 16-bit protected mode code from long mode, but cannot execute real mode code without being switched out of long mode because long mode lacks virtual 8086 mode. Therefore, it stands to reason that real mode DOS apps can't be run in Win64 w/o software emulation or dynamic translation. However, why was support for Win16 protected-mode apps excluded when support for them seems (at least at first glance) to be reasonably implementable and is included in newer versions of Win32? Was it just a matter of demand not being high enough to justify implementation costs (and the win32 version was already implemented), or is there a good technical reason?

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• RSync over SSH hangs and fails with timeout

  - by tx2

  Client: Gentoo, GCC 4.3.4, RSync 3.0.9 Server: Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS, RSync 3.0.7 Client and server connectet through is Internet, about 2Mbps. Ping is ok. RSync called on any files in any direction hangs on random file, then, after timeout, fails with: [sender] io timeout after 30 seconds -- exiting rsync error: timeout in data send/receive (code 30) at io.c(140) [sender=3.0.9] [sender] _exit_cleanup(code=30, file=io.c, line=140): about to call exit(30) In 1/10 trys is pass correctly. I've tryed to add SSH options TcpRcvBufPoll=yes, KeepAlive=yes; disable and enable rsync compression -- no changes. How can i make rsync works properly?

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• Title: Better logging for cronjob output

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I am looking for a better way to log cronjobs. Most cronjobs tend to spam email or the console, get ignored, or create yet another logfile. In this case, I have a Nagios NSCA script which sends data to a central Nagios sever. This send_nsca script also prints a single status line to STDOUT, indicating success or failure. 0 * * * * root /usr/local/nagios/sbin/nsca_check_disk This emails the following message to root@localhost, which is then forwarded to my team of sysadmins. Spam. forwarded nsca_check_disk: 1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully. I'm looking for a log method which: Doesn't spam the messages to email or the console Don't create yet another krufty logfile which requires cleanup months or years later. Capture the log information somewhere, so it can be viewed later if desired. Works on most unixes Fits into an existing log infrastructure. Uses common syslog conventions like 'facility' Some of these are third party scripts, and don't always do logging internally.

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• Applescript won't open applications on my external monitor

  - by jpadvo

  I'm trying to open a new MacVim window with Applescript, and have found partial success with this: do shell script "cd \"~/code/application\"; ~/bin/mvim > /dev/null 2>&1" This works fine, and opens a new MacVim window with it's working directory set to ~/code/application. BUT it always opens on the screen of my laptop, not on the external monitor with the currently active space where I am working. Is there a way to get MacVim to open in the current space? Edit: same problem with opening a finder window: tell application "Finder" to make new Finder window

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• Running multipul lines through a server.

  - by Kevin Roberson

  I am looking to buy numbers in bulk on DIDx.net. After I purchase the numbers in a particular area code, I want to forward those numbers to other numbers that are outside of that area code. This way it will be seen as a local call versus long distance. I have the customers but I don't have the system I need. I have read about Asterisk, VOIP, SIP, and BYOH. But I have no clue what will be the best system for me. Does anyone have any idea what my next step should be when it comes to hardware and software? Or what type of operating system I should use? I basically want to set up a system like GoogleVoice & Phonebooth.

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• can I make Excel always open a delimited text file with "text" translation?

  - by khedron

  Hi there, Opening a tab-delimited data file in Excel to view & manipulate the data is a very common operation around here. However, by default Excel (2003/4 or 2007/8) will read the columns in a "General" format, which occasionally does terrible things like turning "1/2" into "2-Jan". Is there a way to tell Excel never to do this, but always process the values as Text, without going through the format wizard, selecting all of the columns, and doing it manually? Extra points if this works in both Mac and Windows versions of Excel.

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• Running multiple lines through a server.

  - by Kevin Roberson

  I am looking to buy numbers in bulk on DIDx.net. After I purchase the numbers in a particular area code, I want to forward those numbers to other numbers that are outside of that area code. This way it will be seen as a local call versus long distance. I have the customers but I don't have the system I need. I have read about Asterisk, VOIP, SIP, and BYOH. But I have no clue what will be the best system for me. Does anyone have any idea what my next step should be when it comes to hardware and software? Or what type of operating system I should use? I basically want to set up a system like GoogleVoice & Phonebooth.

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• License for website article

  - by queueoverflow

  On my personal website, I have some technical ideas and some source code snippets that I share with everybody. To make it clean that everyone can use those snippets as they like, as long as I do not have to provide any warranty, I would like to add a license to the some of the texts. The bigger programs come with GPLv2+, which I think is a reasonable license for free code. Does it make sense to use the MIT License or the GNU Free Documentation License for these texts or should I just go with CC-BY? I am a German citizen, so I heard that the American licenses do not really apply to me at all. If so, that would be another advantage for the Creative Commons Family of License.

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• Why does yum index get corrupted?

  - by TomOnTime

  Occasionally yum's cache gets corrupted and we see errors like this: error: db3 error(-30974) from dbenv->failchk: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - (-30974) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm The workaround is rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db* and then the next "yum" command regenerates the data. My question is: what is likely to be causing this? Is there some common task that ignores locks or has other problem that causes this? We have hundreds of CentOS machines and there is no pattern to which see this problem. It could be a "one in a million" issue, which at large scale is seen often. NOTE: I realize this is a very "open ended" question, but if an answer finds the cause, I will go back and turn the question into something more canonical that directly relates to the specific issue.

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• Why is my concurrency capacity so low for my web app on a LAMP EC2 instance?

  - by AMF

  I come from a web developer background and have been humming along building my PHP app, using the CakePHP framework. The problem arose when I began the ab (Apache Bench) testing on the Amazon EC2 instance in which the app resides. I'm getting pretty horrendous average page load times, even though I'm running a c1.medium instance (2 cores, 2GB RAM), and I think I'm doing everything right. I would run: ab -n 200 -c 20 http://localhost/heavy-but-view-cached-page.php Here are the results: Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 48.197 seconds Complete requests: 200 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 392111200 bytes HTML transferred: 392047600 bytes Requests per second: 4.15 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4819.723 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 240.986 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 7944.88 [Kbytes/sec] received While the ab test is running, I run VMStat, which shows that Swap stays at 0, CPU is constantly at 80-100% (although I'm not sure I can trust this on a VM), RAM utilization ramps up to about 1.6G (leaving 400M free). Load goes up to about 8 and site slows to a crawl. Here's what I think I'm doing right on the code side: In Chrome browser uncached pages typically load in 800-1000ms, and cached pages load in 300-500ms. Not stunning, but not terrible either. Thanks to view caching, there might be at most one DB query per page-load to write session data. So we can rule out a DB bottleneck. I have APC on. I am using Memcached to serve the view cache and other site caches. xhprof code profiler shows that cached pages take up 10MB-40MB in memory and 100ms - 1000ms in wall time. Pages that would be the worst offenders would look something like this in xhprof: Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 330,143 microsecs Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 320,019 microsecs Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 36,786,192 bytes Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 46,667,008 bytes Number of Function Calls: 5,195 My Apache config: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 3 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 120 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> Is there something wrong with the server? Some gotcha with the EC2? Or is it my code? Some obvious setting I should look into? Too many DNS lookups? What am I missing? I really want to get to 1,000 concurrency capacity, but at this rate, it ain't gonna happen.

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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• Can't rename folders in Window 7/32bit after anti-virus change

  - by Tasos

  I recently started having the common, as I realized, problem of not being able to rename folders in Windows 7 (32 bit). I don't understand why it happened after almost a year of ideal use of Windows 7. I haven't removed the libraries nor can I think of anything else that could potentially cause this, at least as far as I know. The only thing I did recently was to change my anti-virus program from the freeware version of Avira to the freeware anti-virus Microsoft Security Essentials. Any idea on what the problem is and how to fix this?

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• How do I allow a (local) user to start/stop services with a scheduled task?

  - by Mulmoth

  Hi, on a Windows 2008 R2 server I have two small .cmd-scripts to start/stop a certain service. They look like this net start MyService and net stop MyService I want to execute these script via scheduled task, and I thought it would be best to create a local user for this job. The user is not member of the Administrators group. But the scripts fail with exit code 2. When I logon with this local user and try to execute these script in command line, I see a message like (maybe not exactly translated from german to english): Error code 5: Access denied It doesn't matter whether I start the command line as Administrator or not. How can this local user gain rights to do the job?

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