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• .bash_history and .cache

  - by John Isaacks

  I have a user who's home directory is a Mercurial repository. Mercurial notified me that there were 2 new unversioned files in my repository. .bash_history and .cache/motd.legal-displayed. I assume bash_history is the history of bash commands for my user. I have no idea what the other is. I don't want these files to be versioned by Mercurial, are they safe to just delete, or will they come back, or mess something up? Can they be moved to somewhere else? Or do I have to add them to my .hgignore file?

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• Can i make a launcher shortcut perform different actions based on a condition

  - by Nirmik

  What i want to do is pretty simple to understand. I want the same launcher shortcut to act like a ON/OFF swith for eg. Like suppose i have made a launcher to start LAMPP with the command gksudo /opt/lampp/lampp start This works properly to start lampp. Now,what i want to do is,If LAMPP is not on,the launcher should execute the above command and start lampp.While if lampp is on,I want ti to execute the command gksudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop and stop lampp. I want these 2 commands to be executed by the same launcher where the command to be executed is decided on the basis of a condition(LAMPP being ON or OFF in the above example) Can i do this? and how? I guess writing a bash script and then making the launcher execute the bash script would do it.but then how do i check weather lampp is on of off?

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• "The system is running in low graphics mode", unable to connect to the Internet

  - by Blah

  When I try to log onto Ubuntu, I get a notice that reads: The system is running in low graphics mode. I searched for a solution and there are a slew of answers. However, many of them seem to suggest reinstalling different things. After pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and getting to a terminal, I attempt commands like sudo apt-get install example. Upon doing so I get notices that say things such as could not resolve host which I am assuming means I'm not connected to the Internet. Since I can not connect to the Internet, none of these responses are helpful to me. What can I do?

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• Crontab opens as blank page, cannot save

  - by Sarah

  I am really not familiar with linux, and only started using it recently, so be patient with me. I am trying to control a camera on regular intervals through a script that is called upon in the crontab. When I start up the computer, I can open crontab, edit and save, and everything is executed correctly. However, I can never open crontab a second time, unless I restart the computer first. If I type crontab -e, I get a blank page, located in the /tmp directory. I can enter my commands in there, but cannot save it. I don't know if this is relevant, but when I try sudo crontab -e, I get something like "no cron installed for root". Any help is really appreciated! Sarah

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• using heightmap to simulate 3d in an isometric 2d game

  - by VaTTeRGeR

  I saw a video of an 2.5d engine that used heightmaps to do zbuffering. Is this hard to do? I have more or less no idea of Opengl(lwjgl) and that stuff. I could imagine, that you compare each pixel and its depthmap to the depthmap of the already drawn background to determine if it gets drawn or not. Are there any tutorials on how to do this, is this a common problem? It would already be awesome if somebody knows the names of the Opengl commands so that i can go through some general tutorials on that. greets! Great 2.5d engine with the needed effect, pls go to the last 30 seconds Edit, just realised, that my question wasn't quite clear expressed: How can i tell Opengl to compare the existing depthbuffer with an grayscale texure, to determine if a pixel should get drawn or not?

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• 12.10 lost window maximize and minimize options, utility bar and launcher lost too

  - by user12448

  I recently installed Ubuntu 12.10 on my Dell Inspiron 7520. Everything is good except the hyperactive fans.The graphic cards are Intel and AMD Radeon 7730. I am trying to get away with the fan problem butI don't really know the terminal hence I am just trying to use the commands available on the forums.But this time I don't know what did I do that now I don't have the utility bar, launch bar and the basic features like the window minimize and maximize don't work. I have this impression I may have uninstalled some drivers . But still not sure what to do. Feel a need of dire help!

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• How to set a Static Route on a Storage Node

  - by csoto

  To set up a host route to an IP address, here are the procedures for BUI and CLI. You need to know the destination, mask, interface and network. Note that, in this case, the values are just examples. CLI - Log into CLI and run the commands below: configuration net routing create set family=IPv4 set destination=203.246.186.80 set mask=32 set gateway=192.168.100.230 set interface=igb0 commit BUI - Log in to the web ui of the ZFSSA NAS head - Click Configuration - Network - Routing - (+) - In the popup window that will be displayed, enter the values accordingly on the popup window shown on the screenshot below: Any of the two above procedures should get your desired route in place.

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• How can I reach over 100% volume with a keyboard shortcut?

  - by suli8

  sometimes the sound of videos isn't enough for me. so i reach the sound indicator , over sound preferences and change it to a level higher than 100%. the question is how can i do it from the keyboard? now i can control the volume from the keyboard but it's maximum is 100%. is there a way to do that? EDIT 1: how to use amixer to do it? (as Lyrositor suggested) EDIT2: the closest answer , as Jo-erland, suggested is to set a hotkey to bring up the gnome-volume-control, and then to use left and right arrows to change volume also beyond the 100% mark. any other suggestions, to make this 1 step only? is it possible to set a hotkey to do a sequence of commands ?

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• HTG Explains: How Antivirus Software Works

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Antivirus programs are powerful pieces of software that are essential on Windows computers. If you’ve ever wondered how antivirus programs detect viruses, what they’re doing on your computer, and whether you need to perform regular system scans yourself, read on. An antivirus program is an essential part of a multi-layered security strategy – even if you’re a smart computer user, the constant stream of vulnerabilities for browsers, plug-ins, and the Windows operating system itself make antivirus protection important. 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux 14 Special Google Searches That Show Instant Answers How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates

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• Situations that require protecting files against tampering when stored on a users computer

  - by Joel

  I'm making a 'Pokémon Storage System' with a Client/Server model and as part of that I was thinking of storing an inventory file on the users computer which I do not wish to be edited except by my program. An alternative to this would be to instead to store the inventory file on the server and control it's editing by sending commands to the server but I was wondering if there are any situations which require files to be stored on a users computer where editing would be undesirable and if so how do you protect the files? I was thinking AES with some sort of checksum?

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• What makes it hard to protect from hacks/bots in BF3 and Quake Live?

  - by Jakub P.

  After playing these games, asking other players/admins, and reading online I am led to believe that Quake Live and Battlefield 3 are frequented by bots and there are plenty of hacks of various kinds. I'm confused how this is possible, or even easy seeing how many players have access to these kinds of "tools" (sic). Isn't it possible for the game authors to digitally sign the game executables so that when they run, the server can ensure only the allowed client is sending commands, thus preventing any kind of abuse? I.e. every player command would be signed by a private key, or symmetrically encrypted (not sure which would make more sense). I understand that players can look at the running executable's behavior (memory etc.), but if games are apparently so easy to hack, shouldn't most apps be hacked as well (e.g. Skype, all DRM running on Windows etc.)?

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• Change screen resolution from terminal

  - by Keith

  When I enabled my Nvidia graphics card, it changed the resolution of my screen to larger than my screen. As the result I cannot access any functions that were previously on the right side of my screen. How do I undo this? I originally had 8.04 and was able to change the resolution to whatever I wanted. I'm a new user and can copy and paste commands from a post to terminal mode but that's about it. I have no idea what they are or what they mean.

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• In SQLCMD mode, should CONNECT be an implicit batch separator?

  - by Greg Low

  Hi Folks, I've been working with SQLCMD mode again today and one thing about it always bites me. If I execute a script like: ::CONNECT SERVER1 SELECT @@VERSION; ::CONNECT SERVER2 SELECT @@VERSION; ::CONNECT SERVER3 SELECT @@VERSION; I'm sure I'm not the only person that would be surprised to see all three SELECT commands executed against SERVER3 and none executed against SERVER1 or SERVER2. If you think that's odd behavior, here's where to vote: https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/611144/sqlcmd-connect-to-a-different-server-should-be-an-implicit-batch-separator#detail...(read more)

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• How can I backup my PPAs?

  - by Scaine

  Related to this question. But my concern is that over the past year, most of my more interesting (or used) applications are from PPAs, and just backing up my sources list won't add the associated launchpad keys the way that add-apt-repository does. So I'm looking for a way to list all the PPA urls (like ppa:chromium-daily/stable) so that I can easily script a series of add-apt-repository commands to add them into a new installation gracefully. Short of dumping my bash history of course. Which might be feasible, depending on how far back that file goes back?

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• "Unknown Filesystem" error without CDROM

  - by Utku Tarhan

  I've got a problem with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. At first I ran mount command on terminal. Then I restarted my computer. After that, when my computer opened there is writing this: error: unknown filesystem grub rescue I searched commands and I found ls command. I tried it and I got this: (hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos1) My computer's DVD driver is broken and I tried to boot Ubuntu on USB but it doesn't worked. My computer's specs: PC Name: HP Presario F780ET Processor: AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile Technology TL-60 Ram: 2GB Ubuntu Version: 12.04 LTS

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• to upgrade / install wine 1.55 on ubuntu 12.04 or any distro

  - by user67550

  Wine news and installation 1.5.5 on ubuntu Now available in PPA wine version 1.55, an application that lets Windows programs run on any distribution with GNU / Linux. Wine (recursive acronym in English for Wine Is Not an Emulator, which means "Wine Is Not an Emulator") is a reimplementation of the application programming interface for Win16 and Win32 operating systems based on Unix. Allows execution of programs designed for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows Version 3.11, 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, XP, Vista and 7 The name was originally an acronym Wine Windows Emulator. This meaning was later changed to the current recursive acronym. These are some of the highlights: Support for the installation of Mono as a complement to wine in the package. The dither pattern brushes in the motor DIB. Support to install the runtime. NET 4.0. D3dx9 DDS files supported. Several bug fixes. To install on Ubuntu just open the console and type: sudo add-apt-repository ppa: ubuntu-wine/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install wine1.5 Source: ubuntutips If you enjoyed this post share it with your friends, thanks

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• Doubts regarding the behaviour of 'autoremove' command and '--auto-remove' flag

  - by Jasper Loy

  After reading several man pages and forums, I thought that running 'apt-get autoremove' without any following argument removes all unused dependencies left on the system, while running 'apt-get autoremove xxx' removes xxx together with its unused dependencies. However I found this to be not true. Running 'apt-get autoremove xxx' not only removes xxx together with its unused dependencies, it also removes all other unused dependencies. So I tried to run 'apt-get remove --auto-remove xxx', thinking that this would remove only xxx and its unused dependencies. To my surprise, this also removed xxx, its unused dependencies and all other unused dependencies. Is this the intended behaviour of the commands or a bug? Is there any quick way to remove xxx and its unused dependencies without removing other unused dependencies?

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• How to reverse file ownership and permission settings

  - by pandisvezia

  I installed LAMP and WordPress on my system a week ago. Since I couldn't create Child Themes in WordPress and work with PHP folders for my other projects collocated in var/www without using Nautilus I wanted to solve the permissions issue. I hoped to bring a solution carrying out the commands on this page for my WordPress folder: http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FileSystemPermissions. This allowed me to play with any file in the folder like creating and modifying .css files through WP Admin, etc. But after a restart I discovered that I can't change DNS settings of my network connections in the list anymore because it is asking me the root password and even though I enter the password it doesn't let me do the action giving "insufficient privileges" error. Can you help me correct the mistake I possibily made during the configuration and, maybe, configure again the permission and ownership settings for var/www/somefolder as it is adviced to be configured under general circumstances? Thanks in advance!

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• How can I reach over 100% volume with a keyboard shortcut?

  - by suli8

  sometimes the sound of videos isn't enough for me. so i reach the sound indicator , over sound preferences and change it to a level higher than 100%. the question is how can i do it from the keyboard? now i can control the volume from the keyboard but it's maximum is 100%. is there a way to do that? EDIT 1: how to use amixer and scripts to do it? (as Lyrositor suggested) EDIT2: the closest answer , as Jo-erland, suggested is to set a hotkey to bring up the gnome-volume-control, and then to use left and right arrows to change volume also beyond the 100% mark. any other suggestions, to make this 1 step only? is it possible to set a hotkey to do a sequence of commands ?

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• Locate a user's bashrc file

  - by Starkers

  Really confused. Upon running cat etc/passwd I have found this: postgres:x:117:126:PostgreSQL administrator,,,:/var/lib/postgresql:/bin/bash meaning I have a postgres user, right? I want to change the bashrc environment file of this user to make commands available to it. /var/lib/postgresql doesn't contain a bashrc file, and /bin/bash doesn't contain it either, so I don't really know what's going on. All I know is a created postgres using the useradd command, so why do I have some weird user with no home directory? So confused :(

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• Booting Ubuntu 13.10 form USB on server with no OS (Dell PowerEdge T110)

  - by user35581

  I have a Dell PowerEdge T110 (Xeon 1220v2) server with no OS. From my mac, I was able to save the Ubuntu 13.10 for server iso (x86) and used UNetbootin to save the iso to a USB stick (2GB). I was hoping to boot the server from USB, and all seemed to be going well, BIOS even detected my USB drive when I plugged it in, but for some reason I'm getting a "Missing operating system" error. I checked the USB drive and it appears that UNetbootin put the correct files on it form a cursory glance (although I'm not entirely sure what I should be looking for). Should I be able to boot a server with no OS from a UNetbootin created Ubuntu 13.10 USB? And if so, why might BIOS not find the right files? I had read that there is a USB Emulation setting in BIOS, but I haven't been able to find this in the menus. My understanding is that by default, this is set to on. I might try wiping the USB stick and running UNetbootin again. The USB is formatted to MS-DOS FAT16 (should it be formatted some other way?).

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• Problem installing LibreOffice; please help!

  - by EmmyS

  I followed the instructions for installing LibreOffice found here, which are basically the same instructions found all over askubuntu and the web in general. I followed the instructions (including removing OO first) for gnome; all that is in my Applications menu now is LibreOffice (OO used to have OpenOffice Spreadsheet, OpenOffice Presentation, etc.) When I open LibreOffice, I get the splash screen/menu, but all of the choices for creating new docs are greyed out. It also will not open any office/type files (no errors; they just don't open.) The terminal commands indicated that installation was successful, but obviously something is missing. I'm guessing I can just reinstall OO from the software center, but I'd really like to give LibreOffice a try, given the lack of ongoing development on OO. Can anyone help me out?

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• Install Java on Ubuntu server (Parallels Plesk)

  - by atMaarten

  I want to install Java to my server so I can use PHP shell_exec to compile Java online. So I'm trying to install Java on my webserver (Ubuntu - Parallels Plesk). I logged in to the server with PuTTY and tried some commands like: sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jre or sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer But than I get error's like: Package drweb-bases must be reinstalled, but there can be no archive found. I tried to uninstall drweb-bases, reinstall, no matter what. I still get that error. What you I need to do? I am doing it completly wrong? Am I not destroying my webserver? There is not much to find on this topic on Google.

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• Using EUSM to manage EUS mappings in OUD

  - by Sylvain Duloutre

  EUSM is a command line tool that can be used to manage the EUS settings starting with the 11.1 release of Oracle. In the 11.1 release the tool is not yet documented in the Oracle EUS documentation, but this is planned for a coming release. The same commands used by EUSM can be performed from the Database Console GUI or from Grid Control*. For more details, search for the document ID 1085065.1 on OTN. The examples below don't include all the EUSM options, only the options that are used by EUS. EUSM is user friendly and intuitive. Typing eusm help <option> lists the parameters to be used for any of the available options. Here are the options related to connectivity with OUD : ldap_host="gnb.fr.oracle.com" - name of the OUD server. ldap_port=1389 - nonSSL (SASL) port used for OUD connections.  ldap_user_dn="cn=directory manager" - OUD administrator nameldap_user_password="welcome1" - OUD administrator password Find below common commands: To List Enterprise roles in OUD eusm listEnterpriseRoles domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn=<realm> ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn=<oud administrator> ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> To List Mappings eusm listMappings domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn=<realm> ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn=<oud admin> ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> To List Enterprise Role Info eusm listEnterpriseRoleInfo enterprise_role=<rdn of enterprise role> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn=<realm> ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> To Create Enterprise Role eusm createRole enterprise_role=<rdn of the enterprise role> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn=<realm> ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> To Create User-Schema Mapping eusm createMapping database_name=<SID of target database> realm_dn="<realm>" map_type=<ENTRY/SUBTREE> map_dn="<dn of enterprise user>" schema="<name of the shared schema>" ldap_host=<oud hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password="<oud admin password>" To Create Proxy Permission eusm createProxyPerm proxy_permission=<Name of the proxypermission> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn="<realm>" ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> To Grant Proxy permission to Proxy group eusm grantProxyPerm proxy_permission=<Name of the proxy permission> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn="<realm>" ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<password> group_dn="<dn of the enterprise group>" To Map proxy permission to proxy user in DB eusm addTargetUser proxy_permission=<Name of the proxy permission> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn="<realm>" ldap_host=<hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<oud admin password> database_name=<SID of the target database> target_user=<target database user> dbuser=<Database user with DBA privileges> dbuser_password=<database user password> dbconnect_string=<database_host>:<port>:<DBSID> Enterprise role to Global role mapping eusm addGlobalRole enterprise_role=<rdn of the enterprise role> domain_name=<Domain> realm_dn="<realm>" database_name=<SID of the target database> global_role=<name of the global role defined in the target database> dbuser=<database user> dbuser_password=<database user password> dbconnect_string=<database_host>:<port>:<DBSID> ldap_host=<oid_hostname> ldap_port=<port> ldap_user_dn="<oud admin>" ldap_user_password=<oud admin password>

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• Oracle Solaris 11 Cheat Sheet

  - by Markus Weber

  Need to quickly know, or be reminded about, how to create network configuration profiles in Oracle Solaris 11 ?How to configure VLANS ?How to manipulate Zones ?How to use ZFS shadow migration ? To have those answers, and many more, neatly in front of you, we created this cheat sheet (pdf). Originally developed by Joerg Moellenkamp, the author of the very popular blog c0t0d0s0.org, and of the "Less Known Solaris Features", some more people at Oracle jumped in and added more and more very useful commands to it. And it may keep evolving, so keep checking ! The link to it can also be found on our new Oracle Solaris Evaluation page.

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