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• Why There is a difference between assembly languages like Windows, Linux ?

  - by mcaaltuntas

  I am relatively new to all this low level stuff,assembly language.. and want to learn more detail. Why there is a difference between Linux, Windows Assembly languages? As I understand when I compile a C code Operating system does not really produce pure machine or assembly code, it produces OS dependent binary code.But why ? For example when I use a x86 system, CPU only understands x86 ASM am I right?.So Why we dont write pure x86 assembly code and why there are different assembly variations based on Operating system? If we would write pure ASM or OS produce pure ASM there wouldn't be binary compatilibty issues between Operating systems or Not ? I am really wondering all reasons behind them. Any detailed answer, article, book would be great. Thanks.

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• Wastage of resources in Virtualization

  - by Sabeen Malik

  I am not sure if this is the write place to ask the question. However i hope it is. When looking for a VPS earlier today, I was trying to understand how each container would work in the background. Keeping in mind the fact that the operating system uses most of the power and power on a system, wouldn't having multiple operating systems in the same machine mean more wastage of resources. For instance if i was running centOS on a dedicated box and it was running lets say 20 background OS level processes. Then i go and install a virtualization platform and install 5 more centOS virtual machines in the same system which are exactly the same as the host operating system. Doesn't this mean duplication of those 20 processes 6 times? So internally the context switching is happening between 120 processes instead of 20?

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• Looking for a free bootloader

  - by jasonh

  I've heard recommendations from other people before that simply having a bootloader can make it so much easier to add and remove operating systems from my system. What is the best (preferably free) one to have?

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• Is there a user-comfortable Unix-like OS?

  - by Rob Kam

  Apparently BSD is like this but only for the OS not for the third party applications: Is there a Unix or Unix-like operating system (but not OS X), where all the installed applications and drivers either all work smoothly/properly or are not included in the distribution? But not something that's been dumbed down.

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• Is it possible for a directory to get unlinked while its contained files remain?

  - by Walkerneo

  I used to wonder why deleting directories via PHP or shell wasn't as easy as it was in Windows with just clicking delete. I realize now that deleting is simply unlinking files from the file allocation table, so to delete a directory, you must unlink all the files inside it. Is it ever possible for the directory's entry to be removed, but not those of the files inside it? Do operating systems periodically check for files that can't be reached in the file system?

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• Unicode support between different OS and browsers

  - by Martin Trigaux

  I would like to develop a web application that uses unicode. The problem is that I don't know if the user supports or not the full unicode set. First question : is the unicode support depends on the browser or the operating system ? Second question : how well main browsers/OS behave ? To goal is to find big subsets of mainly supported unicode characters (with the fact that I accept to not support old tech) Thank you

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• what OS type to use [closed]

  - by doug

  Possible Duplicate: 32-bit vs. 64-bit systems Hi there On a Intel Core Duo system with 4GB or RAM , do I have to use a x64 or a x86 operating system?

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• Why do we need different CPU architecture for server & mini/mainframe & mixed-core?

  - by claws

  Hello, I was just wondering what other CPU architectures are available other than INTEL & AMD. So, found List of CPU architectures on Wikipedia. It categorizes notable CPU architectures into following categories. Embedded CPU architectures Microcomputer CPU architectures Workstation/Server CPU architectures Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Mixed core CPU architectures I was analyzing the purposes and have few doubts. I taking Microcomputer CPU (PC) architecture as reference and comparing others. Embedded CPU architecture: They are a completely new world. Embedded systems are small & do very specific task mostly real time & low power consuming so we do not need so many & such wide registers available in a microcomputer CPU (typical PC). In other words we do need a new small & tiny architecture. Hence new architecture & new instruction RISC. The above point also clarifies why do we need a separate operating system (RTOS). Workstation/Server CPU architectures I don't know what is a workstation. Someone clarify regarding the workstation. As of the server. It is dedicated to run a specific software (server software like httpd, mysql etc.). Even if other processes run we need to give server process priority therefore there is a need for new scheduling scheme and thus we need operating system different than general purpose one. If you have any more points for the need of server OS please mention. But I don't get why do we need a new CPU Architecture. Why cant Microcomputer CPU architecture do the job. Can someone please clarify? Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Again I don't know what are these & what miniframes or mainframes used for? I just know they are very big and occupy complete floor. But I never read about some real world problems they are trying to solve. If any one working on one of these. Share your knowledge. Can some one clarify its purpose & why is it that microcomputer CPU archicture not suitable for it? Is there a new kind of operating system for this too? Why? Mixed core CPU architectures Never heard of these. If possible please keep your answer in this format: XYZ CPU architectures Purpose of XYZ Need for a new architecture. why can't current microcomputer CPU architecture work? They go upto 3GHZ & have upto 8 cores. Need for a new Operating System Why do we need a new kind of operating system for this kind of archictures?

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• Is it possible to make an OS in python?

  - by None

  I was just wondering if it was possible to make an operating system in python. Nothing fancy. Maybe not even a "real" operating system with a kernel and all. Just a python program that is run when someone inserts the disc containing it that will make a fullscreen display on top of the installed os.

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• Defining decimal numbers on different operation system, how to understand if point or comma is used

  - by Cmptrb

  Hi, I have written a small program where the program works differently on different operating systems (xp, win7) The problem is the program reads some float numbers such 2,686. One operating system (win7) convert it to float true, but on xp it goes wrong and print it 2686. How can I understand which symbol the operation system uses for decimal numbers ? Thanks.

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• mkisofs - Floppy Image to Disk Image

  - by CommunistPancake

  I'm trying to compile MikeOS on windows. I've successfully (I think) created a floppy (.flp) image of the operating system. I want to convert it to a disk image (.iso) so I can run it in virtual box. I've tried mkisofs -quiet -V 'MIKEOS' -input-charset iso8859-1 -o disk_images/mikeos.iso -b mikeos.flp disk_images/ Which is the command in the Linux build script. It does create an ISO image, but when I try to run in in VirtualBox, I get a black screen. What am I doing wrong? Here's my build script.

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• Operation System Clone from a Motherboard to Another

  - by Devian

  Lately we had an idea with my Family of building a Super Computer from Scratch. So while we were planning on building our setup, one idea came to my head that it seems possible but i want also your opinions. Lets say that we have 2 ATX Motherboards and 1 MicroATX. Motherboard Setup: 1x ASUS Rampage Extreme Black Edition 1x Intel Core i7 4960x 4x GTX Titan 8x 8GB 1866 Ram Motherboard Setup: 1x SuperMicro X9DRG-QF 2x Intel Xeon E7-8890V2 1x nVIDIA QUADRO K6000 4x nVIDIA Tesla K40 128 GB 1866 Ram And imagine a Solid State Drive with a Switch connected to both of the MotherBoards Can i edit & copy all the data of The first motherboard's RAM to The Other's to be able to continue operating my current Operation System after switching the SSD to the Second Motherboard, from the Second MotherBoard and vice versa? Les say my "Switch Application" modifies everything the Kernel needs to believe nothing happend and continuing its operation from the same point the first motherboard stopped. (Changes on the Device List, CPU Cores, Drivers... etc)

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• Why do computers get slower over time? [closed]

  - by Paperflyer

  Possible Duplicate: Why does hardware get slower with time? You probably know this: A newly bought computer is snappy and responsive and just really fast. Then you use it for a couple of months and slowly but steadily the computer gets slower. Opening programs now takes a long time, accessing files takes longer, everything just takes longer than it used to. If you wipe your hard drive and reinstall, everything is back to its original snappyness, but will deteriorate again. This always happend with any operating system I used. Worst of all Windows XP, but also with Ubuntu Linux, Fedora Linux, OSX 10.5/10.6, Windows Vista... (haven't used Win 7 long enough to confirm this) Do you know the reason for this? Or even, a cure?

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• Running programs in cache and registers

  - by OSX NINJA

  In my operating systems class we were shown a picture depicting a hierarchy of memory starting from most expensive and fastest at the top and least expensive and slowest at the bottom. At the very top was registers and underneath it was cache. The professor said that the best place to run programs is in cache. I was wondering why programs can't be run in registers? Also, how can a program load itself into cache? Isn't the cache something that's controlled by the CPU and works automatically without software control?

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• Upgrading Windows 8 Consumer Preview to Release Preview

  - by user1407016

  I currently have my main hard drive split into two partitions. One being Windows 7 with about 600 GB of memory, the other Windows 8 Consumer Preview with about 50 GB. As you can guess it is set up for a dual boot. Today while looking up how to get the C# Facebook SDK for Metro apps I learned about the Release Preview being released. I was wondering: How do I go about getting rid of Windows 8 Consumer Preview and replacing it with the Release Preview? I know i can't just wipe it off my second partition because the dual boot uses Windows 8 to choose the operating system to boot.

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• Dell poweredge 1850's - wont install os

  - by user1326789

  I have 3 of these dell 1850 rack servers. 1 has 3GB RAM and 2 73GB HDD's. 2 have 6GB RAM and each of them has 2 73GB HDD's. I am currently trying to install an os on them but when i boot with windows xp setup, it gives me an error saying no partition found. Now i have set these drives up in RAID on the server and i put them "online" so it should be working fine but they're not. Please assist me in installing an operating system on these, i have no clue as to if it's the BIOS or the RAID controller within it. Thanks in advance, -Matt.

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• Which equipments should I buy for a laboratory?

  - by Hossein Margani

  Hi every body! I want to create a network of computers for a network laboratory in a university. I want to install windows on them. What is the fastest way for doing this and also which equipments I should buy for this laboratory. I also want to use this network as a computer laboratory, operating system laboratory, programming laboratory, microprocessor laboratory, computer architecture laboratory and software engineering laboratory. I should emphasis that this is a scholastic laboratory. Thanks.

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• Is it Possible to Increase Display Resolution for OS X Maverick

  - by Michael

  The new OS X Maverick operating system has reduced maximum display resolution from 1920 x 1200 in Mountain Lion to 1680 x 1050, which is a SIZABLE reduction. The difference is obvious when viewing videos or photos. In addition, the colors are less vibrant. Does anyone know a way to change the display resolution for Maverick, thus restoring Mountain Lion resolution (1920 x 1200)...along with color vibrancy. By the way, I am using a 2012 Macbook Pro, with Matte display, which I think makes matters worse. At 1920 x 1200 my Macbook Pro was excellent...but at 1680 x 1050, it is very pedestrian.

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• Preferred OS for hosting Tomcat servlet container

  - by dacracot

  I know that I'm taking a risk, pitting the differing OS religions against each other, but I would like professional opinions about hosting a servlet container. In my case the container is set, we will be using Tomcat. But what is in question is the hosting operating system. We have administrators experienced in Windows Server 2003. We have developers experienced in Solaris, OSX, and Linux. There is no warring between these groups, just a question of who will ramp up through the learning curve necessary to use the OS that they are unfamiliar with. So given all the cooperative spirit, we are struggling with how to find the most efficient path. I had already cross-posted this question here.

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• What technical reasons exist for not using space characters in file names?

  - by Chris W. Rea

  Somebody I know expressed irritation today regarding those of us who tend not to use spaces in our filenames, e.g. NamingThingsLikeThis.txt -- despite most modern operating systems supporting spaces in filenames. Are there technical reasons that it's still common to see file names without (appropriate) spaces? If so, what are these technical reasons that spaces in filenames are avoided or discouraged, and in what circumstances are they relevant? The most obvious reason I could think of, and why I typically avoid it, are the extra quotes required on the command line when dealing with such files. Are there any other significant technical reasons?

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• How to install Windows 8 in a system which has Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 installed already?

  - by Vignesh Palani

  I have a system in which I have installed Windows 7 first. I then installed Ubuntu 12.04 to the system. Now, the boot manager is GRUB Loader and everything works fine as Ubuntu detected that Windows 7 has been installed already. Now, I would like to install Windows 8 too. I plan to install using a bootable USB stick(doesn't matter which medium I prefer though. Does it? ). I have done some research and all the materials I can get state that I cannot practically install Windows 8 after Ubuntu and get all the three OSs to run. Can you help? I want all the three Operating systems to work perfectly.

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• Which Windows OS Supports 8 GB RAM in a Laptop and Suggestions for a Better Laptop for Personal & De

  - by Ellen

  I am about to purchase a laptop and have zeroed on the following two of them. Toshiba L500-ST2544 Toshiba L505-ES5034 The Common Specification for both of them are as follows - RAM - 4GB DDR3 Memory HDD - 320 GB Processor - Intel® Core™ i3-330M Processor WebCam and Mic - Available HDMI Port - Available Numeric Key Pad - Available Windows 7 (64 bit) Home Premium Now, the only difference between ST2544 and ES5034 is that, the ST2544 has a maximum of 2 slots with 2 GB in each. So, you can have a max of 4 GB RAM in that. The ES5034 can support 8 GB RAM, so, in a couple of years, if I want to add another 4 GB RAM I will be able to do it. The price for ST2544 is USD 629.00 whereas, the price for a ES5034 is USD685. A difference is USD 55.00 (not a major amount, but still something extra). Is it worthwhile going for the ES5034? Which Windows Operating System supports 8 GB of RAM?

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• What is Paging in memory management?

  - by Fasih Khatib

  I was just reading Operating System Principles by Silberschatz et al when I came across paging in memory management.I'm slightly confused about it. It states that Physical Memory(I assume it's RAM) is divided into frames, and logical memory is divided into pages. CPU generates logical addresses containing page number and an offset. This page number is used to retrieve the frame number from a page table which gives the base address so the physical address is calculated as base+offset. My question is: is the page table maintained for every process? I logically think that the answer would be yes as every process will need to map its own pages to frames. I may be wrong. Please clarify. Also: paging and segmentation(where 'holes' are created in memory) are two totally different techniques that are not used in combination. Correct?

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• Missing time zones in OSX and Windows

  - by pellepim

  I am working on a javascript to automatically detect a user's timezone (https://bitbucket.org/pellepim/jstimezonedetect/). But there are two timezones that I have a really hard time to test, since I can not set my system to observe these timezones. The timezones I am talking about are UTC+1245 (Chatham Islands, NZ) and UTC+0845 (Australia/Eucla). As far as I can tell in OSX (Snow Leopard) and in Windows 7 these timezones do not exist as a setting. Granted, very few people live in these areas, and it might just not be worth it. Does anyone know of a way to set these timezones on a system level? In any operating system? If it is not possible in a trivial way, what do people who live in these areas do to get their systems working as they would like?

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• Few questions about backing up the OS

  - by user23950

  I'm running windows 7 with 2gb memory and 2.50 Ghz dual core cpu. here are my question regarding backing up an entire drive. I plan to use Macrium Reflect because its free. And I can't afford to buy one. If I backup a hard drive would I only be able to backup the partition where the operating system is? If I have installed applications which requires activation keys, and I have already installed an activation key. Does backing the hard drive also backup those application, so that I won't have to re-apply the keys later? If I have a multi-boot system, would the backup also include those other OS that are installed in my hard drive? Can I still boot into them after restoring the image? Do you have any links there that could enlighten me on what drive backup really is. Thanks!

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