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• Context free grammer

  - by Evil

  Hello. I have this problem where i need to convert the following CFG to CFG in CNF. S- ABa A- aab B- Ac I know the steps are as follows. 1) Remove epsilon transitions - Done 2) remove unit productions 3) convert to CNF by: 3.1] introduce a new non terminal for each term 3.2] replace terminals in the productions rules with the new nonterminal 3.3] introduce new nonterminals to reduce the length of the right side of each production i'm a bit confused on how i would do that with the problem above. Mostly i am confused on step 2 and unit productions. If i could get some help or perhaps a link to a good tutorial that would be most helpful.

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• In Clojure - How do I access keys in a vector of structs

  - by Nick

  I have the following vector of structs: (defstruct #^{:doc "Basic structure for book information."} book :title :authors :price) (def #^{:doc "The top ten Amazon best sellers on 16 Mar 2010."} best-sellers [(struct book "The Big Short" ["Michael Lewis"] 15.09) (struct book "The Help" ["Kathryn Stockett"] 9.50) (struct book "Change Your Prain, Change Your Body" ["Daniel G. Amen M.D."] 14.29) (struct book "Food Rules" ["Michael Pollan"] 5.00) (struct book "Courage and Consequence" ["Karl Rove"] 16.50) (struct book "A Patriot's History of the United States" ["Larry Schweikart","Michael Allen"] 12.00) (struct book "The 48 Laws of Power" ["Robert Greene"] 11.00) (struct book "The Five Thousand Year Leap" ["W. Cleon Skousen","James Michael Pratt","Carlos L Packard","Evan Frederickson"] 10.97) (struct book "Chelsea Chelsea Bang Bang" ["Chelsea Handler"] 14.03) (struct book "The Kind Diet" ["Alicia Silverstone","Neal D. Barnard M.D."] 16.00)]) I would like to sum the prices of all the books in the vector. What I have is the following: (defn get-price "Same as print-book but handling multiple authors on a single book" [ {:keys [title authors price]} ] price) Then I: (reduce + (map get-price best-sellers)) Is there a way of doing this without mapping the "get-price" function over the vector? Or is there an idiomatic way of approaching this problem?

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• How to write a linter?

  - by jbdavid

  In my day job I, and others on my team write a lot of hardware models in Verilog-AMS, a language supported primarily by commercial vendors and a few opensource simulator projects. One thing that would make supporting each others code more helpful would be a LINTER that would check our code for common problems and assist with enforcing a shared code formatting style. I of course want to be able to add my own rules and, after I prove their utility to myself, promote them to the rest of the team.. I don't mind doing the work that has to be done, but of course also want to leverage the work of other existing projects. Does having the allowed language syntax in a yacc or bison format give me a leg up? or should I just suck each language statement into a perl string, and use pattern matching to find the things I don't like? (most syntax and compilation errors are easily caught by the commercial tools.. but we have some of our own extentions.)

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• Exclude System.Diagnostics.Contracts When Using PartCover

  - by Alex Jeffery

  I am trying out the .net Code Contracts fro .net 3.5 I have some unit test that I am running PartCover over to calculate the code coverage. PartCover keeps including the System.Diagnostics.Contracts in my report. Here are the rules I am using to include MyProject and exclude everything else. <Rule>+[MyProject.DomainModel]*</Rule> <Rule>-[System]*</Rule> <Rule>-[System.Diagnostics]*</Rule> <Rule>-[System.Diagnostics.Contracts]*</Rule> Any suggestions?

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• Code golf: the Mandelbrot set

  - by Stefano Borini

  Usual rules for the code golf. Here is an implementation in python as an example from PIL import Image im = Image.new("RGB", (300,300)) for i in xrange(300): print "i = ",i for j in xrange(300): x0 = float( 4.0*float(i-150)/300.0 -1.0) y0 = float( 4.0*float(j-150)/300.0 +0.0) x=0.0 y=0.0 iteration = 0 max_iteration = 1000 while (x*x + y*y <= 4.0 and iteration < max_iteration): xtemp = x*x - y*y + x0 y = 2.0*x*y+y0 x = xtemp iteration += 1 if iteration == max_iteration: value = 255 else: value = iteration*10 % 255 print value im.putpixel( (i,j), (value, value, value)) im.save("image.png", "PNG") The result should look like this Use of an image library is allowed. Alternatively, you can use ASCII art. This code does the same for i in xrange(40): line = [] for j in xrange(80): x0 = float( 4.0*float(i-20)/40.0 -1.0) y0 = float( 4.0*float(j-40)/80.0 +0.0) x=0.0 y=0.0 iteration = 0 max_iteration = 1000 while (x*x + y*y <= 4.0 and iteration < max_iteration): xtemp = x*x - y*y + x0 y = 2.0*x*y+y0 x = xtemp iteration += 1 if iteration == max_iteration: line.append(" ") else: line.append("*") print "".join(line) The result ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** **************************************** *************************************** *************************************** ************************************** ************************************* ************************************ ************************************ *********************************** *********************************** ********************************** ************************************ *********************************** ************************************* ************************************ *********************************** ********************************** ******************************** ******************************* **************************** *************************** ***************************** **************************** **************************** *************************** ************************ * * *********************** *********************** * * ********************** ******************** ******* ******* ******************* **************************** *************************** ****************************** ***************************** ***************************** * * * **************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ********************************************************************************

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• Debugging nth-child selector

  - by Ross

  I have the following selectors: .progress:nth-child(3n+1) { background: teal; } .progress:nth-child(3n+2) { background: red; } .progress:nth-child(3n+3) { background: blue; } However all of the items end up with a teal background. Are these selectors correct? I'm thinking I should get: Teal (every 3, starting with 1) Red (every 3, starting with 2) Blue (every 3, starting with 3) etc. I've tested on Firefox 3.5.8 and Opera 10.10 on Ubuntu. Also tested with nothing but these rules in the CSS. I'm using the YUI Reset stylesheet but excluding it does nothing.

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• When functionalities of html attributes and css styles overlap

  - by AspOnMyNet

  1) If inside CSS file we specify the following style: .td { text-align:center; } While in a Html file we have <td align=”right” … > then value set in CSS file will take precedence over an inline html attribute and thus elements contained inside <td> cell will be aligned to the center. a) Is same true for all html attributes? Meaning if a CSS rule and an html attribute functionalities overlap , will the CSS rule always take precedence? BTW – I know we should usually prefer using CSS rules vs html attributes thanx

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• How to specify lib folder for JARs when using Android-generated ant build file ?

  - by Eno

  Im using an ant build file that has been generated by android. Our Android application requires a JAR file that lives inside the lib folder of our project, so I need to adjust the classpath that ant is using when it builds stuff. When I run: ant -lib lib debug the project builds just fine, but this should really be inside the build file itself. The build file that android generates references the android_rules.xml so a lot of this stuff is automated. I guess my question, what the best practice here when working with the Android build rules ?

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• Prolog Program for a recordings database

  - by RP

  I have three types of facts: album(code, artist, title, date). songs(code, songlist). musicians(code, list). Example: album(123, 'Rolling Stones', 'Beggars Banquet', 1968). songs(123, ['Sympathy for the Devil', 'Street Fighting Man']). musicians(123, [[vocals, 'Mick Jagger'], [guitar, 'Keith Richards', 'Brian Jones']]. I need to create these 4 rules: together(X,Y) This succeeds if X and Y have played on the same album. artistchain(X,Y) This succeeds if a chain of albums exists from X to Y; two musicians are linked in the chain by 'together'. role(X,Y) This succeeds if X had role Y (e.g. guitar) ever. song(X,Y) This succeeds if artist X recorded song Y. Any help?

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• Shorten Zend Framework Route Definitions

  - by Sebastian Hoitz

  Hi! How can I shorten the definition of my custom routes in Zend Framework? I currently have this as definition: $route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( ":module/:id", array( "controller" => "index", "action" => "index" ), array("id" => "\d+") ); self::$frontController->getRouter()->addRoute('shortcutOne', $route); $route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( ":module/:controller/:id", array("action" => "index"), array("id" => "\d+") ); self::$frontController->getRouter()->addRoute('shortcutTwo', $route); $route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( ":module/:controller/:action/:id", null, array("id" => "\d+") ); self::$frontController->getRouter()->addRoute('shortcutThree', $route); Is there a way to better combine these rules? And what are your best practices in where to place these? I currently have them in my bootstrap class right after the Front Controller initialization.

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• Verbose Listing of All Application Layers/Tiers?

  - by leeand00

  I've looked at a few sites now, and I'm still struggling to find a complete listing of all the possible layers/tiers you can have in an application. From back in college (1999) I remember the following: Presentation Layer (Views) Application Layer (Controllers) Business Logic Layer (API/Rules) Persistence Layer (Database/Object Persistence/Model) I'm not advocating that they all be used...especially when you consider that too many layers/tiers could lead to an increase in complexity...I just wondered what the complete list might look like... Based on a couple of blogs I've found several different answers...and Javascript and client side technologies seem to have leaked in adding more client-side layers according to one blog the client side tier might even consist of Behavior Layer (Javascript, Flash) Presentation Layer (CSS/Images) Note: I though the entire client side layer was the presentation layer Structure Layer (XHTML, HTML) I'm just trying to get an abstract idea of what all the possible layers might be, (even though some people call them different things)

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• Exclude a URL from rewrite in .htaccess with "last" flag

  - by songdogtech

  WordPress has been installed as a blog into osCommerce. I'm trying to get the WordPress RSS feed to work. All WP core files exist, but I get all kinds of errors accessing the feed at mydomain.com/wordpress/feed/, like 404s, "the feed can't be updated because the source file is no longer available," or even raw php code in the browser from the osCommerce feed file. I think the problem is the rewrite rules for osCommerce, and I'm thinking if I can exclude the WP feed URL from rewrite, it will fix the feed or help find the real issue. Looking around SO, I found a solution to use the "last" flag on a URL to prevent it from being rewritten. Problem is, the existing .htaccess already has a rule with a "last" flag on it: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ http://www.mydomain.com/index.php?cPath=$1 [L] Is there a way to not rewrite the WP feed URL? Can another "last" rule be added? I'd like to have some definite things to try before messing with .htaccess to avoid disrupting the site.

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• Python: Decent config file format

  - by miracle2k

  I'd like to use a configuration file format which supports key value pairs and nestable, repeatable structures, and which is as light on syntax as possible. I'm imagining something along the lines of: cachedir = /var/cache mail_to = [email protected] job { name = my-media frequency = 1 day source { from = /home/michael/Images source { } source { } } job { } I'd be happy with something using significant-whitespace as well. JSON requires too many explicit syntax rules (quoting, commas, etc.). YAML is actually pretty good, but would require the jobs to be defined as a YAML list, which I find slightly awkward to use.

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• Resharper Tip/Trick... is this possible?

  - by Perpetualcoder

  How can I have Resharper convert code file like using Stuff; using Stuff.MoreStuff; using Stuff.MoreStuff.EvenMoreStuff; namespace CoolStuff { // src code } To namespace CoolStuff { #region Using Statements using Stuff; using Stuff.MoreStuff; using Stuff.MoreStuff.EvenMoreStuff; #endregion // src code } I just like it this way, it "I think" is in one of the stylecop rules too. I would appreciate any kind of help. Thanks

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• Cython Speed Boost vs. Usability

  - by zubin71

  I just came across Cython, while I was looking out for ways to optimize Python code. I read various posts on stackoverflow, the python wiki and read the article "General Rules for Optimization". Cython is something which grasps my interest the most; instead of writing C-code for yourself, you can choose to have other datatypes in your python code itself. Here is a silly test i tried, #!/usr/bin/python # test.pyx def test(value): for i in xrange(value): i**2 if(i==1000000): print i test(10000001) $ time python test.pyx real 0m16.774s user 0m16.745s sys 0m0.024s $ time cython test.pyx real 0m0.513s user 0m0.196s sys 0m0.052s Now, honestly, i`m dumbfounded. The code which I have used here is pure python code, and all I have changed is the interpreter. In this case, if cython is this good, then why do people still use the traditional Python interpretor? Are there any reliability issues for Cython?

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• Is this a good way to manage initializations of COM?

  - by BillyONeal

  Hello everyone :) I'm very new to anything involving Component Object Model, and I'm wondering if this method of managing calls to CoInitalize/CoUninitalize makes sense: COM.hpp: #pragma once namespace WindowsAPI { namespace ComponentObjectModel { class COM { COM(); ~COM(); public: static void Setup(); }; }} COM.cpp: #include <Windows.h> #include "COM.hpp" namespace WindowsAPI { namespace ComponentObjectModel { COM::COM() { if (CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED) != S_OK) throw std::runtime_error("Couldn't start COM!"); } COM::~COM() { CoUninitialize(); } void COM::Setup() { static COM instance; } }} Then any component that needs COM just calls COM::Setup() and forgets about it. Does this make sense or am I breaking any "rules" of COM?

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• Aborting jQuery().load()

  - by Daniel I-S

  The .load() function of the jQuery library allows you to selectively load elements from another page (subject to certain rules). I would like to know whether it is possible to abort the load process. In our application, a user can browse a list of items. They may choose to click a button which loads and displays additional information about an item from another document (which can take some time). If they choose a different item in the list whilst a .load() is still happening, I would like the loading to be aborted. Is this possible? Is it even worth it? Any ideas? Dan

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• YUI Compressor + gzip causes Illegal Character error in jQuery

  - by lo_fye

  When I minify jquery using YUI compressor, it works fine. When I then add gzip compression (and serve this version via mod rewrite), the gzipped version throws this error: illegal character in jquery.min.js on line 1 Line 1 is: ???????M???????????s?8?0???!sz?dKr?=? This results in a "jquery is not defined" error. I am using the following rewrite rules to serve up the gzipped versions: #Check to see if browser can accept gzip files. ReWriteCond %{HTTP:accept-encoding} (gzip.*) #make sure there's no trailing .gz on the url ReWriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^.+\.gz$ #check to see if a .gz version of the file exists. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.gz -f #All conditions met so add .gz to URL filename (invisibly) RewriteRule ^(.+) $1.gz [L] I can't find any references to this happening to anyone else. Thoughts?

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• How to populate an ontology at runtime?

  - by Chan

  I have a configuration file with a lot of data like sensor locations, type, rules for activating devices etc. Basically related to a pervasive system. I plan to design an ontology for this domain. The doubt in my mind is how should I populate the ontology with the information in the configuration file, as the configuration files are going to change every now and then. Earlier I was planning to use XML, so I can just read the configuration file at runtime and create an XML as per the XSD. Do we use the same technique for Ontologies? If yes then what is the format of the populated ontology? Thanks Chan

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• Space-based architecture?

  - by rcampbell

  One chapter in Pragmatic Programmer recommends looking at a blackboard/space-based architecture + a rules engine as a more flexible alternative to a traditional workflow system. The project I'm working on currently uses a workflow engine, but I'd like to evaluate alternatives. I really feel like a SBA would be a better solution to our business problems, but I'm worried about a total lack of community support/user base/venders/options. JavaSpaces is dead, and the JINI spin-off Apache River seems to be on life support. SemiSpace looks perfect, but it's a one-man show. The only viable solution seems to be GigaSpaces. I'd like to hear your thoughts on space based architecture and any experiences you've had with real world implementations.

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• Mixing static and dynamic endpoints in app.yaml file

  - by Greg

  I'm trying to describe endpoints in my App Engine app and am having difficulty for directory structures that mix static and dynamic content. But my yaml rules are conflicting with one another. Before I change my directory structure, does anyone have a recommendation? The goal is to create a directory that contains both documentation (static html files) and implementations. /api - /v1 - getitdone.py - doc.html - index.html What I think I should be doing with my application yaml... - url: /api/v1/getitdone script: api/v1/getitdone.py - url: /api/ static_files: api/index.html upload: api/index.html - url: /api static_dir: api But this causes the dynamic endpoints to fail. I'm assuming the static_dir reference is breaking it. How can I do this without describing every script and static file reference (I have many more than are listed here)?

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• Does <httpRedirect> in web.config work in a mono setup? Or is it IIS7 specific?

  - by Crystal

  We had some content restructure recently and I'd like to put in some redirect rules into web.config so bookmarks to the old pages can get routed to their new locations/pages. I tried using this approach: <location path="~/product/productA.aspx"> <system.webServer> <httpRedirect enabled="true" destination="~/product/category/productA.aspx" exactDestination="false" childOnly="true" httpResponseStatus="Permanent" /> </system.webServer> </location> But all I'm getting when I go to "http://www.oursite.com/product/productA.aspx" is our http 404 page. Am I doing something wrong, or is the httpRedirect tag in web.config not supported in mono? worked, but not ideal for what we want to achieve. Thank you :)

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• What languages, preprocessors, and toolkits will Apple not allow you to develop iPhone OS 4.0 Apps w

  - by Tony Lambert

  According to articles on web Apple will not approve Apps that have code that is not originally developed in Objective C, C or C++. Found on the Web: 3.3.1 Applications may only use Documented APIs in the manner prescribed by Apple and must not use or call any private APIs. Applications must be originally written in Objective-C, C, C++, or JavaScript as executed by the iPhone OS WebKit engine, and only code written in C, C++, and Objective-C may compile and directly link against the Documented APIs (e.g., Applications that link to Documented APIs through an intermediary translation or compatibility layer or tool are prohibited). Can we build a list of things developer use that will and won't be allowed under these possible new rules? We can use: C, C++, Objective C We can't use: Flash, Monotouch C#, Pascal, Fortran, Perl, Python, Lex, Yacc, Unity (games engine), Java What others?

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• Regular Expressions: RegEx for determining valid PHP class property names?

  - by Brian Lacy

  I am using PHP's magic __set and __get methods to access a private array in a class. I want to make sure the property names requested (i.e. $myObj->FakeProperty) are valid according to PHP property name rules before accessing them. My current RegEx isn't doing the trick; with my test values, _12 always falls through the cracks. I'm not actually sure that my test values even represent a realistic representation of what is and isn't allowed for PHP class property names, but I'm not really too concerned about it, just that I have some sort of rudimentary check in place. Test Fields: albert12 12Albert _12 _Albert12 _12Albert _____a_1 RegEx: ^(?=_*[A-z]+)[A-z0-9_]+$

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• How do I get developers to treat test code as "real" code?

  - by womp

  In the last two companies I've been at, there is an overriding mentality among developers that it's okay to write unit tests in a throw-away style. Code that they would never write in the actual product suddenly becomes OK in the unit tests. I'm talking Rampant copying and pasting between tests Code styling rules not followed Hard-coded magic strings across tests No object-oriented thought or design for integration tests, mocks or helper objects (250 line single-function tests!) .. and so on. I'm highly dissatisfied with the quality of the test code. Generally we do not do code reviews on our test assemblies, and we also do not enforce style or code analysis of them on our build server. Is that the only way to overcome this inertia about test quality? I'm looking for ideas to take to our developers, without having to go to higher management saying that we need to use resources for enforcement of test quality (although I will if I have to). Any thoughts or similar experiences?

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