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• Forcing rsync to convert file names to lower case

  - by SvrGuy

  We are using rsync to transfer some (millions) files from a Windows (NTFS/CYGWIN) server to a Linux (RHEL) server. We would like to force all file and directory names on the linux box to be lower case. Is there a way to make rsync automagically convert all file and directory names to lower case? For example, lets say the source file system had a file named: /foo/BAR.gziP Rsync would create (on the destination system) /foo/bar.gzip Obviously, with NTFS being a case insensitive file system there can not be any conflicts... Failing the availability of an rsync option, is there an enhanced build or some other way to achieve this effect? Perhaps a mount option on CYGWIN? Perhaps a similar mount option on Linux? Its RHEL, in case that matters.

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• Difference between SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateChainFile?

  - by chrisjlee

  Normally with a virtual host an ssl is setup with the following directives: Listen 443 SSLCertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/web/certs/domain1.private.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/web/certs/domain1.intermediate.crt From: For enabling SSL for a single domain on a server with muliple vhosts, will this configuration work? What is the difference between SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateChainFile ? The client has purchased a CA key from GoDaddy. It looks like GoDaddy only provides a SSLCertificateFile (.crt file), and a SSLCertificateKeyFile (.key file) and not at SSLCertificateChainFile. Will my ssl still work without a SSLCertificateChainFile path specified ? Also, is there a canonical path where these files should be placed?

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• Verifying Time Machine backups

  - by jtimberman

  I'm preparing my system for a Snow Leopard upgrade, and I prepare for the worst case scenario: full reinstall and restore. I would like to verify that my Time Machine backups are valid, and will restore correctly. My Time Machine backups go to a Linux server running Netatalk, and the backups complete successfully. How do I do a test restore to an alternative location, or otherwise verify my data without overwriting any existing files? Do I need to save anything in particular externally to make sure I can access the backups if I have to reinstall from scratch?

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• Diff and ignore lines missing in one file

  - by Millianz

  I want to diff two files and ignore lines that are present in one file but missing in the other. For example File1: foo bar baz bat File2: foo ball bat I'm currently running the following diff command diff File1 File2 --changed-group-format='%>' --unchanged-group-format='' Which in this case would produce bar baz as the output, i.e. only missing or conflicting lines. I would like to only print conflicting lines, i.e. ignore cases where one line is missing from File2 and is present in File1 (not the other way around). Is there any way to do something like this using diff or do I have to resort to other tools? If so, what would you recommend?

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• How can I programmatically renumber pages in a PDF?

  - by Andrew

  As a graduate student, I come across PDFs of articles and book chapters on a daily basis. Sometimes these PDFs are paginated correctly internally (that is, if an article starts on page 67, the PDF starts on page 67 as well; not on page 1). When they aren't, I have to open the file in Acrobat and renumber the pages in the "Page Thumbnails" panel. I would love to be able to automate this whole process with a script (bash, Python, AppleScript, whatever) that lets me pass the first actual page number... something like fixpagination example.pdf 67. However, I cannot find any terminal-based program that can re-paginate PDFs. Neither pdftk nor PyPDF seem to be able to deal with pagination. Are there any scriptable programs that can internally re-paginate PDF files?

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• How to specify or add directory to Python.h search path during setup.py build/install

  - by ca2longoria

  I'm running Linux, and have downloaded a python module I must install without access to any but my particular /home/user directory (I have no root privileges nor the option to pursue them). This of course requires the Python source. This I've downloaded and have laying around in said user directory. While asking the admin to copy the proper files into /usr/include/python2.7 is the easiest way to go about this, I am hoping for a more general and portable solution to this kind of problem. Changing only data in the module source (MANIFEST.in, README.txt, setup.py, etc.), how might I add an arbitrary directory to the search path for Python.h and friends? (Without a solution, "python setup.py build" will continue returning with the "Python.h: No such file or directory" error) Thank you very much. (Additionally, is it acceptable to post this both here and on StackOverflow?)

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• Locked out by changing file permissions

  - by Valeriy

  I just locked my root account (and all other accounts if it matters) completely out of the RHEL 5.4 by changing permissions on every file to 400. Now I have "Permission denied" on any command that I try to run, including chmod itself. Any idea on how to recover? The only access I have to the server is via terminal or SSH. (If anyone cares how it happened, I was running a hardening script and one of the lines was supposed to change permission on some config files in /etc directory. It has couple of variables that had not been set, so the command essentially evaluated to chmod -R 0400 /* Ouch! This is sure a great lesson on checking the scripts even more carefully in the future but what can I do now?

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• Transferring Postfix install to new computer

  - by mlissner

  I have postfix installed on one computer, with DKIM and SPF working properly. What I'd like to do is start using a different computer instead, with the minimal amount of fuss. Mail servers have a way of baffling me, but I know there are things with cryptography going on here that I don't fully understand (and I don't really care to - I figured it out when I set up the last computer about a year ago, and am happy not to delve into it again). Right now, I'm working on the early steps of this process -- installing postfix on the new machine, and getting it going. Are there specific steps I could take to move the correct configs and key files and such to the new computer?

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• File permission set to 644 and wordpress cannot access them?

  - by Joel

  Hi everyone, I'm having problems with WordPress not be able to access files. When installing certain themes and plugins, it comes up with an error saying that it cannot create the directory. When I try to edit style.css it says that I need to make that file writable. The file permissions were set to 644. It wouldn't work until I changed the settings to 777 or 776. WordPress was installed by our local ISP. Anyone got any ideas? It seems that WordPress has not been setup properly. Is there anyway I can fix this without reinstalling the whole thing? Thanks, Joel

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• Terminal command to change permissions to my 'Sites' folder and apply change to enclosed items?

  - by Ryan

  Using Snow Leopard, I'm having issues with permissions in my Sites folder. While I can navigate to localhost/~username and read any files or folders there, the same permissions have not been applied to enclosed items, and I get a 403 error trying to access them in the browser. If I select one of these enclosed folders and get info using Finder, I see the user 'Everyone' is set to 'No Access' but I can't change that (this behavior seems buggy, actually). And if I select my 'Sites' folder, the tool to 'Apply to enclosed items' is grayed out... Is there a Terminal command I can use to grant 'Read Only' access to my Sites folder, and all it contains, for the user 'Everyone'?

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• Is there a good way to wrap an existing Python based web application to require a login?

  - by Jonathan B

  I'm in the process of installing an open-source Python based web application to an internal server here at work. The existing code is open - it doesn't require a login to view it - but one of the requirements is that users have to be approved before they can see anything. Is there a good way (using Apache configuration files for example, but any method would be great) to wrap the application so that any access requires a login? I would like to avoid modifying the open-source code (a maintenance nightmare every time a new release comes out). Any thoughts or suggestions?

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• Why isn't VIM storing macros across sessions?

  - by dotancohen

  In VIM 7.3 on Ubuntu Server 12.04.1, VIM forgets macros and registers after closing. I do have set nocompatible in .vimrc and the command :set viminfo? gives this result: viminfo='100,<50,s10,h What might be preventing the macros and registers from being stored across close / open? Note that I am not interested in storing mappings for long term use in .vimrc. Rather, sometimes (such as during refactoring) I need to perform a simple operation on a few files and I find it easier to do in VIM than with Perl. I just need the macros and registers stored across open / close, which I do have working on other servers. Thanks.

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• SSH from Windows Vista to Ubuntu (using cwrsync)

  - by user39141

  Newbie questoin but I can't seem to figure it out. Using cwrsync which in turn calls ssh.exe from a Windows Vista box to Ubuntu. For below, user in ubuntu is 'linuxuser' and user on Windows box is 'winuser' - remote box is 'linuxhost' and windows box is 'winhost' Exported keys such that on the remote box /home/linuxuser/.ssh/authorized_keys is correctly populated. Problem is when I launch ssh it tries to write to /home/winuser/.ssh instead of /cygdrive/home/users/winuser/.ssh as below. c:\Program Files (x86)\cwRsync\binssh linuxuser@linuxhost Could not create directory '/home/winuser/.ssh'. The authenticity of host 'linuxhost (192.168.1.105)' can't be establish ed. RSA key fingerprint is 67:10:a9:49:6e:a3:2b:4a:a0:e0:b7:75:76:da:c3:04. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Host key verification failed.

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• How do I tell if a Python pip install is working correctly or hanging?

  - by wobbily_col

  I am trying to install the python pandas package in a virtualenv using pip. On my development machine it installed correctly, but now I am trying on the server, it gets so far then it seems to get stuck: warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__) /apps/PYTHON/2.7.3/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros' warnings.warn(msg) non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg' non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks' Could not locate executable gfortran Could not locate executable f95 Found executable /apps/modules/wrappers/fortran/ifort Top shows ifort running at 46% cpu. Is there any way I can tell if this is working correctly (can I check files it is updating for example), or if it is stuck in a loop? It has been running for 40 minutes so far.

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• Photoshop How to save selection to PNG

  - by Aniti

  I have a largish PSD file with a couple of hundred layers, that I would like to extract selected areas from into PNG files. Areas can consist of a couple of layers. Being new to Photoshop, I have been using the following workaround. Duplicate needed layers into a new scratch PSD file of same size, TRIM to transparency, Save As PNG, undo TRIM, hide layers, rinse and repeat... I suppose I could do it without the scratch file and just crop selection, Save As PNG and undo, but there must be a nicer method. What other ways are there to accomplish this export of a selected area to PNG? EDIT: This is on Windows Xp running Photoshop CS3 Extended

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• How can I find the original un-changed configuration file to compare with the *.rpmnew file?

  - by User

  While upgrading from CentOS 5.7 to 5.8 I've received the following warnings: warning: /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config created as /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config.rpmnew warning: /etc/ssh/sshd_config created as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew warning: /etc/odbcinst.ini created as /etc/odbcinst.ini.rpmnew (To know the reason for such files, and what one can do with them read - Why do I have .rpmnew file after an update? ) I want to know what exactly has been change in the default config file by comparing the old default file (the original un-changed configuration file) with the new default file (*.rpmnew). Then, I can apply the changes to my modified file (aka diff merge). The problem is I don't know where can I find the original un-changed configuration file...

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• nginx: override global ssl directives for specific servers

  - by alkar

  In my configuration I have placed the ssl_* directives inside the http block and have been using a wildcard certificate certified by a custom CA without any problems. However, I now want to use a new certificate for a new subdomain (a server), that has been certified by a recognized CA. Let's say the TLD is blah.org. I want my custom certificate with CN *.blah.org to be used on all domains except for new.blah.org that will use its own certificate/key pair of files with CN new.blah.org. How would one do that? Adding new ssl_* directives inside the server block doesn't seem to override the global settings.

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• Is ext4 more expensive than ntfs?

  - by ???

  I have just converted an NTFS partition to ext4, however the total space seems reduced from 421G to 415G. Where did the 6G go? And, the reserved space is grown to 199M in ext4, much larger compared to 78M in NTFS, why? The partition is mainly used for movies/musics, so most files are very large (10M each). I want to use ext4 file system, is there any suggestion? mkfs.ntfs: /dev/sdb4 421G 78M 421G 1% /mnt/mmedia mkfs.ext4: /dev/sdb4 415G 199M 393G 1% /mnt/mmedia It's also weired that the remaining size of ext4 is 393G, shouldn't it be 415G or 414G? What happened to the disappeared 22G? Compared to NTFS, ext4 seems eaten 28G in total.

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• Tab Auto-Completion in Mac OS X when using sftp in terminal

  - by AlanTuring

  i have been getting very frustrated lately since the readline functionality has been removed from MacOSX and Tab Auto-Completion doesn't work anymore. So i was wondering if anyone knew a good alternative to use that i could install so i can tab auto-complete files when sftp'd in. I heard that with-readline is a good option for this. If so, how do i get an alias sftp = with-readline sftp to work? I would like to do the same with any other option that isn't with-readline, so i don't have to assign an alias each time i set up a session. I am using Mac OS X 10.8(Mountain Lion) with Homebrew installed. Thanks in advance to anyone who can help me.

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• DISK BOOT FAILURE after upgrading power supply

  - by Phenom

  After upgrading my power supply, I get the following error message when trying to boot into Windows 7. DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER My Windows 7 installation is on a SATA hard drive. I'm able to fix this problem if I hook up my IDE hard drive, then it boots the SATA hard drive fine. I don't like this solution though because then that means my IDE hard drive is drawing power even though it isn't being used. Why would a newer power supply need the IDE hard drive hooked up just to boot into the SATA hard drive? There are no boot files on the IDE hard drive; it is completely empty. My old power supply did not need it hooked up in order to boot the SATA hard drive.

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• Trying to get a new user up on VPN

  - by Chris

  Caveat: I am not a sysadmin, so please forgive the n00bness of the query. We have a new user and I'm trying to get them up on VPN. We use pfsense as an IPSEC endpoint. This person is using Shrewsoft for the client. I had created an entry in pfsense for them and then edited a previous user's config file. Shrewsoft didn't import the config file very well and I had to hand edit the information. Now we are getting gateway errors. One thing I've noticed is that there is a different between the values of the preshared key stored on the firewall and the psk stored in the config file. I assume it has something to do with a hash, but I've no idea if that's the case and whether that might be what's causing the problem. Any suggestions greatly appreciated! Tangentially, is there some software used to generate these config files?

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• Reverse Proxy (mod_rewrite) and Rails (absolute paths)

  - by SooDesuNe

  I have front end rails app, that reverse proxies to any of a number of backend rails apps depending on URL, for example http://www.my_host.com/app_one reverse proxies to http://www.remote_host_running_app_one.com such that a URL like http://www.my_host.com/app_one/users will display the contents of http://www.remote_host_running_app_one.com/users I have a large, and ever expanding number of backends, so they can not be explicitly listed anywhere other than a database. This is no problem for mod_rewrite using a prg:/ rewrite map reverse proxy. The question is, the urls returned by rails helpers have the form /controller/action making them absolute to the root. This is a problem for the page served by mod_rewrite because links on the proxied page appear as absolute to the domain. i.e.: http://www.my_host.com/app_one/controller/action has links that end up looking like /controller/action/ when they need to look like /app_one/controller/action mod_proxy_html seems like the right idea, but it doesn't seem to be as dynamic as I would need, since the rules need to be hard coded into the config files. Is there a way to fix this server-side, so that the links will be routed correctly?

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• 500 Internal Server Error after moving Joomla installation to new environment

  - by rad

  (This is the first time I moved the website so please don't be hard on me.) After moving the website, the homepage shows up properly but other pages do not. I get 500 Internal Server Error on all other pages. Before moving, the Search Engine Friendly URLs and Use URL rewriting were enabled in the Joomla Dashboard. Is this the reason the other pages are not showing up? If so, how do I fix this? I think the homepage shows up because the url myWebsite.com redirects to myWebsite.com/index.php automatically. Note that I have transferred all of the Joomla the files through Filezilla and imported the MySQL database properly and also edited the configuration.php as set the proper settings for the database.

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• How to close buffer without closing the window?

  - by progo

  I usually open a few windows and keep some buffers open. Since my MO in buffer exploring is to use quick shortcuts to :bn and :bp, I want to close unneeded buffers from distracting my buffer surfing. But the pain is, issuing :bd and :bw results in closing the window as well, in case I have multiple ones open. How do I close (delete) a buffer and leave the windows intact? Solution inspired by @peth's answer :command! BW :bn|:bd# It is simple. Doesn't work well with only one buffer open (I get different behaviour depending on the way I open the files) but it isn't a big issue. :)

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• script to test mail server

  - by WebDude

  Ever since a windows update that took down my IIS6 mail server a few weeks back, I've been really paranoid about my mail server working. So every time I run a windows update I fire up command prompt and send myself a quick test mail. Like so: > telnet localhost 25 > helo domain.com > mail from: [email protected] > rcpt to: [email protected] > data some random body to mail myself . This is a realy great way to test my mail server, but it's a pain in the neck to do quickly. Is there anyway i can run this in a batch script or something as a quick test? I've tried a bat file but this just waits after i call telnet I've also explored if telnet accepts any input files and it does not seem to. What's the best way to do this?

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