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• Home folder only SFTP connection has limited access

  - by Tomasz Durka

  I have configured sftp access for user using this guide: Linux shell to restrict sftp users to their home directories? I have problem though. I have taken all steps. I have chown'ed root:user the home folder and I set permissions to 755. I can login normally using SFTP, however I can NOT transfer files, can NOT mkdir directories. If I change permissions to 777 it's ok do edit everything. However this is the thing I don't want. Additionally after exiting sftp and reconnecting then connection is reset by peer (due to setting 777). Anyone had similar problem? What I am doing wrong?

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• gitolite mac don't add new user to authorized_keys

  - by crashbus

  I installed gitolite and every thing works fine for me as admin. But when I'd like to add add a new user the new user can't connect to the server. After I looked into the file authorized_keys I saw that the new user wasn't added to the file. During the commit of the new public-key I get some workings: WARNING: split conf not set, gl-conf present for 'gitolite-admin' Counting objects: 6, done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done. Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 882 bytes, done. Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: WARNING: split conf not set, gl-conf present for 'gitolite-admin' remote: WARNING: ?? @staff christianwaldmann markwelch remote: sh: find: command not found remote: sh: find: command not found remote: sh: sort: command not found remote: sh: find: command not found remote: /usr/local/bin/triggers/post-compile/update-gitweb-access-list: line 26: cut: command not found remote: /usr/local/bin/triggers/post-compile/update-gitweb-access-list: line 23: grep: command not found remote: /usr/local/bin/triggers/post-compile/update-gitweb-access-list: line 26: sort: command not found remote: /usr/local/bin/triggers/post-compile/update-gitweb-access-list: line 26: sed: command not found remote: sh: find: command not found remote: sh: find: command not found How can I fix it that gitolite auto-add the new user to the authorized_keys.

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• hardening a server: disallow password-login for sudoers and log unusual ips

  - by Fabian Zeindl

  Two question regarding sudo-login into an ubuntu-system (debian tips welcome as well): Is it possible to require sudoers on my box to only login with publickey-authentication? Is it possible to log which ip sudoers log in from and check that for "unusual activity" or take actions? I'm thinking about temporarily removing sudo-rights if sudoers don't log in from whitelisted IPs. Or is that too risky to be exploited?

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• Should I switch to Linux for development?

  - by Alex

  Is there any advantage to use a Linux machine to develop instead of Windows? Everyone at work tells me to switch to Linux, since I'm developing hard-core on linux anyway. I manage 40 servers, and do everything from DB to data-backend to developing web services. I don't find anything wrong with Putty. I"m just too lazy to install another OS... What do you guys think?

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• SFTP, Chroot problems on Redhat

  - by Curtis_w

  I'm having problems setting up sftp with a ChrootDirectory. I've done an equivalent setup on other distros, but for some reason I cannot get it to work on a Redhat AMI. The changes to my sshd_config file are: Subsystem sftp internal-sftp Match Group ftponly PasswordAuthentication yes X11Forwarding no ChrootDirectory %h ForceCommand internal-sftp AllowTcpForwarding no I have the concerned usere's homes at /home/user, owned by root. After connecting with a user in the ftponly group, I'm dropped into / without permissions for anything, and am unable to do anything. sftp bob@localhost Connecting to localhost... bob@localhost's password: sftp> pwd Remote working directory: / I can connect normally with users not in the ftponly group. openssh version 5.3 I've experimented with different permissions, as well as having users own their own home directory (gives a Write failed: Broken pipe error), and so far, nothing has seemed to work. I'm sure it's a permissions error, or something equally as trivial, but at this point my eyes are beginning to glaze over, and any help would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: James and Madhatter, thanks for clarifying. I was confused by chroot dropping me in /... just didn't think through it properly. I've added the appropriate directories and permissions to get read access. One other key part was enabling write access to chrooted homes: setsebool -P ssh_chroot_rw_homedirs on in order to get write access. I think I'm all set now. Thanks for the help.

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• I am currently using Windows/Putty to develop on a UNIX server for web stuff.

  - by Alex

  Is there any advantage to use a linux machine to develop instead of Windows? Everyone at work tells me to switch to Linux, since I'm developing hard-core on linux anyway. I manage 40 servers, and do everything from DB to data-backend to developing web services. I don't find anything wrong with Putty. I"m just too lazy to install another OS... What do you guys think?

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• Using SVN on windows without a keypair

  - by Paul Nathan

  Hi, I am trying to set up command-line access for my windows machine to a svn respository on a Unix box. The guides online all have the keypair method of accessing the repository. However, I don't personally like storing my keypairs, so I'm trying to figure out how to do this. Thoughts? Suggestions?

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• how to install libssh2 on Centos + pecl

  - by solid

  I use phing as a deployment tool on CentOS and I'd like to use the SshTask, which required libssh2 to be installed. I tried "pecl install ssh2" but that asks me for a libssh2 prefix [/usr?] I noticed that this means I need to install libssh2 first, but yum does not have that package. So my question is: what is the best way to install libssh2 on Centos and then install the pecl extension?

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• SFTP, ChrootDirectory and multiple users

  - by mdo

  I need a setup where I can put the contents of several user folders to a DMZ server from where external clients can download it, protocol SFTP, Linux, OpenSSH. To ease administration we want to use one single user for the upload. What does work is to define ChrootDirectory /home/sftp/ in sshd_config, set the according ownership and modes and define a home dir in passwd so that the working directory of the user fits. This is my structure: /home/sftp/uploader/user1/file1.txt /user2/file2.txt The uploader user can write file1.txt and file2.txt to the corresponding folders and by having the user folders (user1, user2) set to the users' primary group + setting SETGUID on the folders the users are able to even delete the files (which is necessary). Only problem: because /home/sftp/ is the chroot base dir the users can change updir and see other users' folders, though not being able to change into because of access rights. Requirement: We want to prevent users to change to /home/sftp/uploader/ and see other users' folders. My requirements are to use SFTP, have one upload user and every user must have write access to his home dir. Obviously it's not an option to use something like ChrootDirectory %h because every path component of the chroot path needs to have limited access rights, so as far as I understand this does not work.

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• root locked out of EC2

  - by Paco

  I was in the process of disabling root logins on an AWS EC2 instance. Right after setting PermitRootLogin no and restarting sshd, I closed the terminal on accident -- before setting up users with sudo privileges. The result is that my key to get into the instance as root does not work (sshd forbids it) and when I log into the instance using my regular user I can't gain root privileges (the root password was never set). The instance is running ubuntu 8.10. Anyone have any idea how can I fix this?

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• Is it worth the effort to block failed login attempts

  - by dunxd

  Is it worthwhile running fail2ban, sshdfilter or similar tools, which blacklist IP addresses which attempt and fail to login? I've seen it argued that this is security theatre on a "properly secured" server. However, I feel that it probably makes script kiddies move on to the next server in their list. Let's say that my server is "properly secured" and I am not worried that a brute force attack will actually succeed - are these tools simply keeping my logfiles clean, or am I getting any worthwhile benefit in blocking brute force attack attempts?

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• Execute local script requiring arguments on Linux via plink

  - by c_maker

  Is it possible to execute (from windows) a local script with arguments on a remote linux system? Here's what I got: plink 1.2.3.4 -l root -pw mypassword -m hello.sh Is there a way to do this same thing, but able to give input parameters to hello.sh? I've tried many things, including: plink 1.2.3.4 -l root -pw mypassword -m hello.sh input1 input2 In this case it seems that plink thinks that input1 and input2 are its arguments.. which makes sense. What are my options?

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• Empty sshd_config file

  - by Thomas

  I run a Centos 5 server with a LAMP stack. I was told this morning that the server was down not serving web content. I then tried to restart httpd but it failed due to another process was listening on port 443. I checked what process was running on 443 using netstat and it was sshd. I then checked the sshd_config file to check the ports that sshd was running on but the sshd_config file was completely blank. I than ran chkrootkit and it flagged not suspicions. What could of caused the sshd_config file to be blank, and sshd service to be restarted? I would really value your thoughts. All the best.

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• Where to obtain openssl-devel for SunOS 5.10

  - by user35949

  So I am having an issue that I have seen other people have on many different systems. I have to build Subversion on a SunOS 5.10 box and have run into issues. I have the openssl source code installed and in the subversion-1.6.9 folder, I run the following: ./configure --with-ssl --with-libs=/opt/exp/lib/openssl/lib and receive the error: checking for library containing RSA_new... not found configure: error: could not find library containing RSA_new configure failed for neon I have also tried running the command without the "lib" on the end of the --with-libs path. I read online that I need the openssl-devel packages, but I have been unable to find them for SunOS 5.10, and they do not show up already installed on my system when running pkginfo. I have looked online including http://www.sunfreeware.com/ which I was told was a good SunOS software source. Any help you can provide would be welcomed. Thanks, Sean

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• LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, data 52e: authenticating against AD '08 with pam_ldap

  - by Stefan M

  I have full admin access to the AD '08 server I'm trying to authenticate towards. The error code means invalid credentials, but I wish this was as simple as me typing in the wrong password. First of all, I have a working Apache mod_ldap configuration against the same domain. AuthType basic AuthName "MYDOMAIN" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://10.220.100.10/OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" AuthLDAPBindDN svc_webaccess_auth AuthLDAPBindPassword mySvcWebAccessPassword Require ldap-group CN=Service_WebAccess,OU=Groups,OU=MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet I'm showing this because it works without the use of any Kerberos, as so many other guides out there recommend for system authentication to AD. Now I want to translate this into pam_ldap.conf for use with OpenSSH. The /etc/pam.d/common-auth part is simple. auth sufficient pam_ldap.so debug This line is processed before any other. I believe the real issue is configuring pam_ldap.conf. host 10.220.100.10 base OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet ldap_version 3 binddn svc_webaccess_auth bindpw mySvcWebAccessPassword scope sub timelimit 30 pam_filter objectclass=User nss_map_attribute uid sAMAccountName pam_login_attribute sAMAccountName pam_password ad Now I've been monitoring ldap traffic on the AD host using wireshark. I've captured a successful session from Apache's mod_ldap and compared it to a failed session from pam_ldap. The first bindrequest is a success using the svc_webaccess_auth account, the searchrequest is a success and returns a result of 1. The last bindrequest using my user is a failure and returns the above error code. Everything looks identical except for this one line in the filter for the searchrequest, here showing mod_ldap. Filter: (&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) The second one is pam_ldap. Filter: (&(&(objectclass=User)(objectclass=User))(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) My user is named ivasta. However, the searchrequest does not return failure, it does return 1 result. I've also tried this with ldapsearch on the cli. It's the bindrequest that follows the searchrequest that fails with the above error code 52e. Here is the failure message of the final bindrequest. resultcode: invalidcredentials (49) 80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 52e, v1772 This should mean invalid password but I've tried with other users and with very simple passwords. Does anyone recognize this from their own struggles with pam_ldap and AD? Edit: Worth noting is that I've also tried pam_password crypt, and pam_filter sAMAccountName=User because this worked when using ldapsearch. ldapsearch -LLL -h 10.220.100.10 -x -b "ou=Users,ou=mycompany,dc=southit,dc=inet" -v -s sub -D svc_webaccess_auth -W '(sAMAccountName=ivasta)' This works using the svc_webaccess_auth account password. This account has scan access to that OU for use with apache's mod_ldap.

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• can you run a shell command via nohup at later time?

  - by user41172

  Hi-- I'd like to run a script at 6pm on a remote server but don't want to wait around to trigger it. I don't want to use cron since it's a one time deal. Can I do something like "nohup myscript &" with a "sleep" or "after" command? Thanks!

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• How to avoid sshfs freezing?

  - by Andreas Hagen

  So the issue is this: I've installed sshfs on Ubuntu 12.04 and I'm trying to connect to a couple of remote servers. So initially the mount seams successful. Sometimes Gnome even picks it up and displays the "new device found" box at the bottom of the screen. but from here on there is not much that works. Or at least not any more. The first couple of times i connected it seamed to work fine, and I was able to transfer some files, then i disconnected using fusermount -u <folder> and after reconnecting a little later the trouble started. Now after executing sshfs -o ServerAliveInterval=15 -o reconnect -C -o workaround=all -o idmap=user root@<host>:/ <folder>, when I change directory into the mount-point, the shell just freezes. Strangely ls -al <folder> works when listing just the root of the remote system, but nothing more. Also every file-explorer I've tried freezes just like cd <folder>. To me it seamed like there was some kind of zombie thread or something hanging around my system, due to the fact that it did work the first time, so I have tried rebooting but no luck. sshfs -V gives this: SSHFS version 2.3 FUSE library version: 2.8.6 fusermount version: 2.8.6 using FUSE kernel interface version 7.12 So yea, any ideas?

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• scp to remote servers stalls, unable to isolate cause

  - by Rolf

  When I copy a large file (100+mb) to a remote server using scp it slows down from 2.7 mb/s to 100 kb/s and downward and then stalls. The problem is that I can't seem to isolate the problem. I've tried 2 different remote servers, using 2 local machines (1 osx, 1 windows/cygwin), using 2 different networks/isps and 2 different scp clients. All combinations give the problem except when I copy between the two remote servers (scp). Using wireshark I could not detect any traffic volume that would congest the network (although about 7 packets/sec with NBNS requests from the osx machine). What in the world could be going on? Given the combinations I've used there doesn't seem to be any overlap in the thing that could be causing the trouble.

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• Flush mod_pagespeed cache in Debian

  - by Ivar

  I need a way to flush the mod_pagespeed cache while developing. According to mod_pagespeed documents, I should run the following command: sudo touch /var/mod_pagespeed/cache/cache.flush In Debian it's "su" instead of "sudo". However, it doesn't work for me; there's no "touch" command, nor is there any "cache.flush" file in the defined directory. Have I missed something? You kick-ass Linux users, please be humble - I'm pretty new to these stuff. Thank you in advance!

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• How can I get an SFTP server running on Windows 2008?

  - by Saul

  I have a remote Windows 2008 machine and the task at hand is to share out parts of its filesystem via SFTP for a single user. Were commercial software an option things would be easy but I want freeware. After trying out several different candidates such as Core FTP Mini SFTP Server, SilverShield and freeFTPd none them really qualified - either connection issues, zero configurability or bugs. Is there a free and stable SFTP server for Windows 2008 which works out of the box?

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• Getting permission denied error

  - by JM4

  On my Media Temple DV 4.0 server I am getting permission denied errors: -bash: cd: httpdocs: Permission denied If I switch from my login user to sudo (sudo su) or switch to root using su-, I can access the directory with any issue. This is just my site's files directory though so not sure why I'm being denied. Additionally, I added my user to the visudo commands file with: user ALL=(ALL) ALL Any suggestions to what else could be the issue?

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• duplicity can't find remote backup directory?

  - by leeand00

  Using my private key to do so, this command allows me to connect to /home/backupUser/backup just fine: $ sudo sftp -oPort=7843 [email protected]:backup However when I run duplicity, I get the following error: duplicity full --exclude ... / scp://backupUser:[email protected]:7843:/backup bash: [email protected]:7843./backup: No such file or directory I'm under the assumption that duplicity would interpret the /backup path as relative to the user's home directory. But since the above command didn't work, I also tried leaving off the / in the backup directory at the end of the command, i.e. duplicity full --exclude ... / scp://backupUser:[email protected]:7843:backup bash: [email protected]:7843:backup: command not found Is there something I'm missing here, like adding the passcode for the private key to make this command work?

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• Leave bash script running on remote terminal while not logged in?

  - by mechko

  I have a bash script that takes several hours to run. While it's running, I would like to do other things, which may involve logging out or disconnecting from the internet (my script runs network tests on various computers). I understand that there is a command that would allow me to run my tests from a remote terminal and logout of the terminal while it runs. Does anyone know what this command is? Thanks

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• Testing performance from around the world - how do I get a linux shell easily in multiple countries?

  - by Matthew O'Riordan

  We are building a socket based service where latency is paramount, and as such we have servers distributed into 7 data centres around the world. However, whilst we know we're bringing the servers closer to the clients, it's very difficult to know how effective this is, and importantly, what difference this makes compared to our competitors. As such, we want to run simple scripts that test latency and throughput for both our service and our competitors, which is easy enough using Amazon, however Amazon only have 7 data centres. We would like to know for example how we perform in locations all over the world such as South Africa, Australia, China, Peru etc. Does anyone know of any service where we could piggy back off their global infrastructure and run some scripts to test this performance? The obvious contenders are people like Monitis, but I don't think they would allow us to run custom scripts, only standard protocol monitors. Thanks for your help. Matt

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• PuTTY inserts random characters during a session

  - by Zachary Polikarpus

  I recently started renting space on a remote server so that I could work on a project. I found that a relatively painless way to access it on a windows machine is through PuTTY. However, there is one thing that has always irked me when using it: for seemingly no reason random characters are sometimes inserted at the cursor. Most of the time it is just a single tilde, but rarely it spits out what looks like some escape sequence ([[^8 or the like). It will only occur when I am focused on the window, whether I am typing or 20 feet away from the keyboard. If left for long enough, it will spit tildes at random intervals (average is about 1 minute). Finally, this behavior seems to be inconsistant when running programs such as nano or the mysql interface: in nano, instead of inserting tildes, it will set marks (ctrl-^); in mysql, lines will become un-editable. My question is this: Has anyone else experienced this sort of behavior in PuTTY? And if so, what can be done to prevent/correct this behavior?

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