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  • Why are difference lists more efficient than regular concatenation?

    - by Craig Innes
    I am currently working my way through the Learn you a haskell book online, and have come to a chapter where the author is explaining that some list concatenations can be ineffiecient: For example ((((a ++ b) ++ c) ++ d) ++ e) ++ f Is supposedly inefficient. The solution the author comes up with is to use 'difference lists' defined as newtype DiffList a = DiffList {getDiffList :: [a] -> [a] } instance Monoid (DiffList a) where mempty = DiffList (\xs -> [] ++ xs) (DiffList f) `mappend` (DiffList g) = DiffList (\xs -> f (g xs)) I am struggling to understand why DiffList is more computationally efficient than a simple concatenation in some cases. Could someone explain to me in simple terms why the above example is so inefficient, and in what way the DiffList solves this problem?

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  • Typed DefaultListModel to avoid casting

    - by Thomas R.
    Is there a way in java to have a ListModel that only accepts a certain type? What I'm looking for is something like DefaultListModel<String> oder TypedListModel<String>, because the DefaultListModel only implements addElement(Object obj) and get(int index) which returns Object of course. That way I always have to cast from Object to e.g. String and there is no guarantee that there are only strings in my model, even though I'd like to enforce that. Is this a flaw or am I using list models the wrong way?

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  • Sort a 2D Points List (first by X and then Y)

    - by Mikos
    I am trying to sort a List of 2D Points first by x co-ordinate and then by y co-ordinate. I implemented the IComparer interface as follows: class PointComparer : IComparer<Point> { public int Compare(Point x, Point y) { if (x.Y != y.Y) { return x.Y - y.Y; } else { return x.X - y.X; } } } And then call my sorting as follows: pointsList.Sort(new PointComparer()); For some reason the list doesn't sort. Surely is something very simple and silly, but stuck on this for quite a while....TIA

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  • Rolling back Server edition from GRUB List (Ubuntu)

    - by A.Rashad
    I seems i did some mistake, and installed Ubuntu server on my home based ubuntu box. and the problem is that GRUB places the server edition as a priority boot in the menu, especially when I upgrade the kernel or the release. How can I remove the server from the GRUB menu permanently? can I un-install Ubuntu server edition?

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  • NUnit Assert a list of objects in no order

    - by Shawn Mclean
    How do I Assert a collection of items in no particular order? I just want to make sure all the items are in the list. I'm heard of CollectionAssert but I do not see any method that would do what I want. My object looks like this: public class Vector2{ public float X {get; set;} public float Y {get; set;} } Assert - I want something like this: CollectionAssert.ContainsAll(mesh.GetPolygonVertices(0), aListOfVertices); mesh.GetPolygonVertices(int) returns a List<Vector2> and aListOfVertices contains all of what is returned, but not guaranteed that order.

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  • Unable to list contents/remove directory (linux ext3)

    - by RedKrieg
    System is CentOS5 x86_64, completely up to date. I've got a folder that can't be listed (ls just hangs, eating memory until it is killed). The directory size is nearly 500k: root@server [/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03]# stat . File: `.' Size: 458752 Blocks: 904 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 812h/2066d Inode: 44499071 Links: 2 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 3292/ user) Gid: ( 3287/ user) Access: 2012-06-29 17:31:47.000000000 -0400 Modify: 2012-10-23 14:41:58.000000000 -0400 Change: 2012-10-23 14:41:58.000000000 -0400 I can see the file names if I use ls -1f, but it just repeats the same 48 files ad infinitum, all of which have non-ascii characters somewhere in the file name: La-critic\363-al-servicio-la-privacidad-300x160.jpg When I try to access the files (say to copy them or remove them) I get messages like the following: lstat("/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Sebast\355an-Pi\361era-el-balc\363n-150x120.jpg", 0x7fff364c52c0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) I tried altering the code found on this man page and modified the code to call unlink for each file. I get the same ENOENT error from the unlink call: unlink("/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Marca-naci\363n-Madrid-150x120.jpg") = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) I also straced a "touch", grabbed the syscalls it makes and replicated them, then tried to unlink the resulting file by name. This works fine, but the folder still contains an entry by the same name after the operation completes and the program runs for an arbitrarily long time (strace output ended up at 20GB after 5 minutes and I stopped the process). I'm stumped on this one, I'd really prefer not to have to take this production machine (hundreds of customers) offline to fsck the filesystem, but I'm leaning toward that being the only option at this point. If anyone's had success using other methods for removing files (by inode number, I can get those with the getdents code) I'd love to hear them. (Yes, I've tried find . -inum <inode> -exec rm -fv {} \; and it still has the problem with unlink returning ENOENT) For those interested, here's the diff between that man page's code and mine. I didn't bother with error checking on mallocs, etc because I'm lazy and this is a one-off: root@server [~]# diff -u listdir-orig.c listdir.c --- listdir-orig.c 2012-10-23 15:10:02.000000000 -0400 +++ listdir.c 2012-10-23 14:59:47.000000000 -0400 @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> +#include <string.h> #define handle_error(msg) \ do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ char d_name[]; }; -#define BUF_SIZE 1024 +#define BUF_SIZE 1024*1024*5 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { @@ -26,11 +27,16 @@ struct linux_dirent *d; int bpos; char d_type; + int deleted; + int file_descriptor; fd = open(argc > 1 ? argv[1] : ".", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY); if (fd == -1) handle_error("open"); + char* full_path; + char* fd_path; + for ( ; ; ) { nread = syscall(SYS_getdents, fd, buf, BUF_SIZE); if (nread == -1) @@ -55,7 +61,24 @@ printf("%4d %10lld %s\n", d->d_reclen, (long long) d->d_off, (char *) d->d_name); bpos += d->d_reclen; + if ( d_type == DT_REG ) + { + full_path = malloc(strlen((char *) d->d_name) + strlen(argv[1]) + 2); //One for the /, one for the \0 + strcpy(full_path, argv[1]); + strcat(full_path, (char *) d->d_name); + + //We're going to try to "touch" the file. + //file_descriptor = open(full_path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK, 0666); + //fd_path = malloc(32); //Lazy, only really needs 16 + //sprintf(fd_path, "/proc/self/fd/%d", file_descriptor); + //utimes(fd_path, NULL); + //close(file_descriptor); + deleted = unlink(full_path); + if ( deleted == -1 ) printf("Error unlinking file\n"); + break; //Break on first try + } } + break; //Break on first try } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

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  • Rearrange a python list into n lists, by column

    - by Ben R
    Trying to solve this at this hour has gotten my mind into a tail-spin: I want to rearrange a list l into a list of n lists, where n is the number of columns. e.g., l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] n = 5 ==> [[1,6][2,7][3,8][4][5]] another example: l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] n = 4 ==> [[1,5,9],[2,6,10],[3,7][4,8] Can someone please help me out with an algorithm? Feel free to use any python awesomeness that's available; I'm sure theres some cool mechanism that's a good fit for this, i just can't think of it.

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  • initializer_list in the VC10

    - by user335870
    hi i wrote this program in VC++ 2010: class class1 { public: class1 (initializer_list<int> a){}; int foo; float Bar; }; void main() { class1 c = {2,3}; getchar(); } but i get this errors when i compile project: Error 1 error C2552: 'c' : non-aggregates cannot be initialized with initializer list c:\users\pswin\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\test_c++0x\test_c++0x\main.cpp 27 and 2 IntelliSense: initialization with '{...}' is not allowed for object of type "class1" c:\users\pswin\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\test_c++0x\test_c++0x\main.cpp 27 what is the problem?

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  • Django: Update order attribute for objects in a queryset

    - by lazerscience
    I'm having a attribute on my model to allow the user to order the objects. I have to update the element's order depending on a list, that contains the object's ids in the new order; right now I'm iterating over the whole queryset and set one objects after the other. What would be the easiest/fastest way to do the same with the whole queryset? def update_ordering(model, order): """ order is in the form [id,id,id,id] for example: [8,4,5,1,3] """ id_to_order = dict((order[i], i) for i in range(len(order))) for x in model.objects.all(): x.order = id_to_order[x.id] x.save()

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  • Revert Skype contact list to be like it was before the latest update

    - by mickburkejnr
    My Skype client has been updated to the latest version (on Windows 7). In the new version it's grouped all my Facebook contacts in along with my normal Skype contacts. I've tried to get used to it but it's being an absolute pain when you start a conversation with a contact, only to find your speaking to them through their Facebook account and not their Skype. Is there any way I can revert my Skype client to split the Skype contacts from the Facebook contacts like it was before this update?

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  • Re-measuring custom item renderer on a List

    - by leolobato
    I'm writing an Adobe Air client to a service similar to Twitter. On the timeline (List component) I have a custom item renderer which is basically a Canvas with a fixed-width Image and a Text control, which is multi-line. If the text is long enough to change the Canvas height, it will only be resized if I manually change the width of the Window, forcing a redraw of all renderers. If I simply scroll through the List, all "new" renderers will have the minimum height possible (which is the Image height). Any ideas on how to force the re-measurement of the renderer when I set it's data? Thanks in advance! :)

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  • One blank line in list item

    - by rima
    Hi there. I try to write a code to fill my list item in oracle form builder. I do it by write a function to handle this. list_index number(10) := 1; clear_list(list_item1); FOR I IN (Select id,desc FORM table1) LOOP ADD_LIST_ELEMENT('list_item1',list_index,desc,id); list_index := list_index + 1; END LOOP list_item1 := get_list_element_value('list_item1',1); my result in output is like this: x1 x2 x3 x4 <a blank field> but in my database table I just have x1 x2 x3 x4 would you help me please to how find what's my problem that I have one more space in my list item.

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  • Need help with Drupal bulk mail low open rate for legitimate mailing list

    - by Ron Williams
    I've moved from constant contact to Drupal Simplenews/Mimemail/SMTP. Previously the open rate was around 50% for constant contact, but now it's 4-5% for the same list via the mentioned setup. Mail is getting out from the server, but it's having an issue anyway. Here's the setup: -The e-mail list consists of approximately 80,000 addresses which is queued at 10,000 e-mails per cron run (which runs hourly). -The server is a Dual Core2Quad machine with 2GB of RAM. -When mail is being sent, the mail queue will usually go up to ~1000 at the beginning of the hour before reducing to ~250 by the time the next cron occurs. -Newsletter is themed to display custom style for newsletter on send -Newsletter is received by some, but appears to be bounced by many (based on low open rate_ -I've added SPF, domain keys, and a PTR record to the DNS -Server hostname (listed in ptr) is different from hosted domain -Very low spam number via Spamassassin -IP and domain are not blacklisted -Mail goes out via SMTP module on delivery. Any ideas?

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  • SharePoint Documents Library - Change "Document Created By" field

    - by yellowblood
    Hello, I have a code that changes the username in various SharePoint lists, mostly by the "Author" column. It all works fine on normal lists, but it doesn't seem to work on the "Shared Documents" list which is a document library. Whether I change the username in "Created By" or "Document Created By", the change doesn't seem to take effect. The item.Update command doesn't throw any exception, but it clearly doesn't update the field(s). What can I do if I want to change this field through code? Thanks

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  • Programmatically retrieve a list of a user's Facebook pages

    - by BinaryMuse
    Greetings, Using the Facebook API, I have obtained an OAuth access token for a user. I can use it to retrieve information about the user and post to their wall, etc. I'm trying to figure out how to (or if there is a way to) programmatically get a list of pages a user owns (so that they can be presented in a drop-down list on a third-party site). I have been unable to find such a method in the Facebook API, but I'm hoping I've missed something. Thanks!

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  • CTE to build a list of departments and managers (hierarchical)

    - by Milky Joe
    I need to generate a list of users that are managers, or managers of managers, for company departments. I have two tables; one details the departments and one contains the manager hierarchy (simplified): CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Manager]( [ManagerId] [int], [ParentManagerId] [int]) CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Department]( [DepartmentId] [int], [ManagerId] [int]) Basically, I'm trying to build a CTE that will give me a list of DepartmentIds, together with all ManagerIds that are in the manager hierarchy for that department. So... Say Manager 1 is the Manager for Department 1, and Manager 2 is Manager 1's Manager, and Manager 3 is Manager 2's Manager, I'd like to see: DepartmentId, ManagerId 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 Basically, managers are able to deal with all of their sub-manager's departments. Building the CTE to return the Manager hierarchy was fairly simple, but I'm struggling to inject the Departments in there: WITH DepartmentManagers AS ( SELECT ManagerId, ParentManagerId, 0 AS Depth From Manager UNION ALL SELECT Manager.ManagerId, Manager.ParentManagerId, DepartmentManagers.Depth + 1 AS Depth FROM Manager INNER JOIN DepartmentManagers ON DepartmentManagers.ManagerId = Manager.ParentManagerId ) Can anyone help?

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  • Message to distribution list with removed recipient bouncing back when sent from external mail server

    - by jshin47
    I removed a particular user from all distribution groups manually about five days ago. This user was a member of two particular groups that have other recipients. The OAB polling interval is 30 minutes, not that it really matters here. The situation is that I have an SMTP server that is not part of my Exchange organization that sends out automated email reports to these distribution groups. It sends them using a from: address that is a member of our Exchange organization. That member receives a bounce-back email indicating the member that should have been removed from the group does not exist. I have also verified that this is the same behavior when sending an email from a webmail service like GMail or Hotmail (outside of our Exchange organization of course) to either of those distribution group addresses. However when I send an email internally to one of those distribution group addresses everything works as expected (no bounce messages.) Not sure why this would be happening, but also not sure how to go about diagnosing the issue. I've looked at the SMTP headers and there are no relevant clues there as far as I can tell. I think it's an Exchange issue.

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  • How to test if a string is inside a list of predinfined list of string in oracle pl/sql

    - by drupalspring
    I define a list a string which contains different country codes ( for example , USA ,CHINA ,HK ,JPN) How can I check that if a input variable equal to one of the country of the country list in pl/sql . I use the following code to test it but fail, how can I revise it? declare country_list CONSTANT VARCHAR2(200) := USA,CHINA,HK,JPN; input VARCHAR2(200); begin input := 'JPN'; IF input IN (country_list) DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('It is Inside'); else DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('It is not Inside'); END IF; end;

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  • Batch script to create home home directories from list of names

    - by Steven
    I'm trying to create a home directories with permissions from a text file. I can only get the batch file to run the first line. Can anyone tell me why? I initiate the scripts by running go.bat as administrator. go.bat @echo for /f %%a in (users1.txt) do call test.bat %%a test.bat @echo off m: cd \ mkdir %1 icacls %1 /grant %1:(OI)(CI)M cd %1 mkdir public icacls public /inheritance:d icacls public / All:(OI)(CI)(RD) icacls public /grant All:(OI)(CI)R mkdir private icacls private /inheritance:d icacls private /remove All cd \ users1.txt user1 user2 user3

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  • Command or tool to display list of connections to a Windows file share

    - by BizTalkMama
    Is there a Windows command or tool that can tell me what users or computers are connected to a Windows fileshare? Here's why I'm looking for this: I've run into issues in the past where our deployment team has deployed BizTalk applications to one of our environments using the wrong bindings, leaving us with two receive locations pointing to the same file share (i.e. both dev and test servers point to dev receive location uri). When this occurs, the two environments in question tend to take turns processing the files received (meaning if I am attempting to debug something in one environment and the other environment has picked the file up, it looks as if my test file has disappeared into thin air). We have several different environments, plus individual developer machines, and I'd rather not have to check each individually to find the culprit. I'm looking for a quick way to detect what locations are connected to the share once I notice my test files vanishing. If I can determine the connections that are invalid, I can go directly to the person responsible for that environment and avoid the time it takes to randomly ask around. Or if the connections appear to be correct, I can go directly to troubleshooting where in the process the message gets lost. Any suggestions?

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