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• I did my own web framework: now, how keep it sync with applications? must I use versions?

  - by Daniel Koch

  ... and I did the first web application using it, now I'm going to create the second. In this first web application I enhanced the framework's core library with new things and promptly updated framework branch. I'm using bazaar to keep framework and web application committed. The application was in the beginning, a full branch of framework source tree, now I'm updating framework manually at every change on core files. (copying changed files from web app to framework's branch). With this second web application that I'm going to create, I need to know about versions (or revisions) which the application is based. If I found a bug in this version I can fix and then sync files with first web application no worrying: functions will be the same to this application. If I'm going to make changes in core (new behavior, new functions in library or something new in source tree) it must be named as "new version". What's the best way to do this? Because I'm using a Distributed Version Control System (bazaar), I'm not dealing with VERSIONS, but revision numbers that change every time. Please fresh my mind with new ideas.

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• C++: is it safe to work with std::vectors as if they were arrays?

  - by peoro

  I need to have a fixed-size array of elements and to call on them functions that require to know about how they're placed in memory, in particular: functions like glVertexPointer, that needs to know where the vertices are, how distant they are one from the other and so on. In my case vertices would be members of the elements to store. to get the index of an element within this array, I'd prefer to avoid having an index field within my elements, but would rather play with pointers arithmetic (ie: index of Element *x will be x - & array[0]) -- btw, this sounds dirty to me: is it good practice or should I do something else? Is it safe to use std::vector for this? Something makes me think that an std::array would be more appropriate but: Constructor and destructor for my structure will be rarely called: I don't mind about such overhead. I'm going to set the std::vector capacity to size I need (the size that would use for an std::array, thus won't take any overhead due to sporadic reallocation. I don't mind a little space overhead for std::vector's internal structure. I could use the ability to resize the vector (or better: to have a size chosen during setup), and I think there's no way to do this with std::array, since its size is a template parameter (that's too bad: I could do that even with an old C-like array, just dynamically allocating it on the heap). If std::vector is fine for my purpose I'd like to know into details if it will have some runtime overhead with respect to std::array (or to a plain C array): I know that it'll call the default constructor for any element once I increase its size (but I guess this won't cost anything if my data has got an empty default constructor?), same for destructor. Anything else?

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• Classes with the same name - is it restricted only within the same translation unit?

  - by LeopardSkinPillBoxHat

  Let's just I had the following code: foo.h class Foo { // ... }; foo.cpp #include "foo.h" // Functions for class Foo defined here... Let's say that Foo are built into a static library foo.lib. Now let's say I have the following: foo2.h class Foo { // ... }; foo2.cpp #include "foo2.h" // Functions for class Foo defined here... This is built into a separate static library foo2.lib. Now, if I re-link foo.lib and foo2.lib into an executable program foo.exe, should it be complaining that class Foo has been defined twice? In my experiences, neither the compiler or the linker are complaining. I wouldn't be expecting the compiler to complain, because they have been defined in separate translation units. But why doesn't the linker complain? How does the linker differentiate between the 2 versions of the Foo class? Does it work by decorating the symbols?

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• How would you implement a hashtable in language x?

  - by mk

  The point of this question is to collect a list of examples of hashtable implementations using arrays in different languages. It would also be nice if someone could throw in a pretty detailed overview of how they work, and what is happening with each example. Edit: Why not just use the built in hash functions in your specific language? Because we should know how hash tables work and be able to implement them. This may not seem like a super important topic, but knowing how one of the most used data structures works seems pretty important to me. If this is to become the wikipedia of programming, then these are some of the types of questions that I will come here for. I'm not looking for a CS book to be written here. I could go pull Intro to Algorithms off the shelf and read up on the chapter on hash tables and get that type of info. More specifically what I am looking for are code examples. Not only for me in particular, but also for others who would maybe one day be searching for similar info and stumble across this page. To be more specific: If you had to implement them, and could not use built-in functions, how would you do it? You don't need to put the code here. Put it in pastebin and just link it.

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• ASP Function that returns result from stored procedures

  - by Brad

  I am working on a project that requires me to hop into to separate DB's. So I have figured that I need to have multiple functions inside of my VB page. The only problem I am having,is I am not to sure how to get this all accomplished. So far I have figured out the overall structure, just need help implementing that structure. Here is my idea: The main Function would call two other functions. We can Call them Sub Function 1 and Sub Function 2. So, the main Function takes the saved sessions information for the E-mail address and dumps in into Sub Function 1. It needs to open up a new connection to the db/stored procedure and RUN the following procedure and then return the result. Here is the stored procedure and what i think is correct. CREATE PROCEDURE WEB_User ( @EMAIL_ADDRESS varchar(80) = [EMAIL_ADDRESS] ) AS SELECT MEMBER_NUMBER FROM WEB_LOGIN WHERE EMAIL_ADDRESS = @EMAIL_ADDRESS So my question is, what is the function suppose to look like? how do I send the session information to the procedure? and finally, how do I return the stored procedure results and push back into the main function so it can be carried into sub function 2? Thank you in advance for your help... I really appreciate it!

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• Problem declaring and calling internal metthods

  - by Martin

  How do I declare and use small helper functions inside my normal methods ? In on of my objective-c methods I need a function to find an item within a string -(void) Onlookjson:(id) sender{ NSString * res = getKeyValue(res, @"Birth"); } I came up with a normal C type declaration for helper function getKeyvalue like this NSString * getKeyvalue(NSString * s, NSString key){ NSString *trm = [[s substringFromIndex:2] substringToIndex:[s length]-3]; NSArray *list = [trm componentsSeparatedByString:@";"]; .... NSString res; res = [list objectAtIndex:1]; ... return res; } Input data string: { Birth = ".."; Death = "..."; ... } Anyway I get an exception "unrecognized selector sent to instance" for any of the two first lines in the helper function How do I declare helper functions that are just to be used internally and how to call them safely ? regards Martin

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• Java Swing custom shapes (2D Graphics)

  - by juFo

  I need to draw custom shapes. Now when a user clicks on several points on the panel I create a shape using a polygon. public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { polygon.addPoint(e.getX(), e.getY()); repaint(); } But I don't know if this is the best way to draw custom shapes. It should be possible to edit a drawn shape: resize change its fill color change the stroke color copy/paste it move a single point of the polygon ... I have seen people creating an own class implementing the Shape class and using a GeneralPath. But again I have no idea if this is a good way. Now I can create my own shape with a polygon (or with a GeneralPath) but I have no clue how to attach all the edit functions to my own shape (the edit functions I mean the resize, move, etc from above). I hope somebody could show me a way to do this or maybe write a little bit of code to demonstrate this. Thanks in advance!!

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• Javascript Cookie Function not working for Domain

  - by danit

  Here are the functions Im using: Set Cookie: function set_cookie ( name, value, exp_y, exp_m, exp_d, path, domain, secure ) { var cookie_string = name + "=" + escape ( value ); if ( exp_y ) { var expires = new Date ( exp_y, exp_m, exp_d ); cookie_string += "; expires=" + expires.toGMTString(); } if ( path ) cookie_string += "; path=" + escape ( path ); if ( domain ) cookie_string += "; domain=" + escape ( domain ); if ( secure ) cookie_string += "; secure"; document.cookie = cookie_string; } Read Cookie: function get_cookie ( cookie_name ) { var results = document.cookie.match ( '(^|;) ?' + cookie_name + '=([^;]*)(;|$)' ); if ( results ) return ( unescape ( results[2] ) ); else return null; } Delete Cookie: function delete_cookie ( cookie_name ) { var cookie_date = new Date ( ); // current date & time cookie_date.setTime ( cookie_date.getTime() - 1 ); document.cookie = cookie_name += "=; expires=" + cookie_date.toGMTString(); } The Jquery I use to construct the cookie: if(get_cookie('visible')== 'no') { $("#wrapper").hide(); $(".help").hide(); $("#slid .show").show(); $("#slid .hide").hide(); } else { $("#slid .show").hide(); $("#slid .hide").show(); } $("#slider").click(function() { if(get_cookie('visible')== null) { set_cookie('visible','no', 2020, 01,01, '/', 'domain.com'); } else { delete_cookie('visible'); } $(".help").slideToggle(); $("#wrapper").animate({ opacity: 1.0 },200).slideToggle(200, function() { $("#slid img").toggle(); }); }); Im trying to set the cookie for all pages that exist under domain.com with the path '/'. However using these functions and jQuery it doesn't appear to be working, any anyone give me an idea of where im going wrong?

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• Codeigniter: Library function--I'm stuck

  - by Kevin Brown

  I have a library function that sets up my forms, and submits data. They're long, and they work, so I'll spare you reading my code. :) I simply need a way for my functions to determine how to handle the data. Until now, the function did one thing: Submit a report for the current user. NOW, the client has requested that an administrator also be able to complete a form--this means that the form would be filled out, and it would CREATE a user at the same time, whereas the current function EDITS and is accessed by an EXISTING user. Do I need a separate function to do essentially the same thing? How do I make one function perform two tasks? One to update a user, and if there is no user, create one. Current controller: function survey() { $id = $this->session->userdata('id'); $data['member'] = $this->home_model->getUser($id); //Convert the db Object to a row array $data['manager'] = $data['member']->row(); $manager_id = $data['manager']->manager_id; $data['manager'] = $this->home_model->getUser($manager_id); $data['manager'] = $data['manager']->row(); $data['header'] = "Home"; $this->survey_form_processing->survey_form($this->_container,$data, $method); } Current Library: function survey_form($container) { //Lots of validation stuff $this->CI->validation->set_rules($rules); if ( $this->CI->validation->run() === FALSE ) { // Output any errors $this->CI->validation->output_errors(); } else { // Submit form $this->_submit(); } $this->CI->load->view($container,$data); The submit function is huge too. Basically says, "Update table with data where user_id=current user" I hope this wasn't too confusing. I'll create two functions if need be, but I'd like to keep redundancy down! }

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• Is it possible that we override global variables?

  - by Ram Moj

  I have this function: function example(y) global TICTOC; tic TICTOC=5; toc end and I expect TICTOC=5 change the result of toc, since TICTOC is a global variable in tic and toc functions; but this is not the case; Does anyone know the reason? I like to know the answer, because I 'm worried to declare a global variable, which it's name has been declared global in some other functions, I'm not aware of. I saw this function in matlab 2008b help function tic % TIC Start a stopwatch timer. % TIC; any stuff; TOC % prints the time required. % See also: TOC, CLOCK. global TICTOC TICTOC = clock; function t = toc % TOC Read the stopwatch timer. % TOC prints the elapsed time since TIC was used. % t = TOC; saves elapsed time in t, does not print. % See also: TIC, ETIME. global TICTOC if nargout < 1 elapsed_time = etime(clock, TICTOC) else t = etime(clock, TICTOC); end thanks.

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• Managed .NET Equivalent to CreateFile & WriteFile from WinBase (kernel32.dll)

  - by StevenH

  I am working with a legacy file format. The file is created using unmanaged C++ that utilizes the WinBase.h CreateFile() & WriteFile() functions (found in the kernel32.dll). I have been using P/Invoke interop to access these native functions like so: [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern bool WriteFile( IntPtr hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, uint nNumberOfBytesToWrite, out uint lpNumberOfBytesWritten, [In] ref NativeOverlapped lpOverlapped); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool WriteFileEx( IntPtr hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, uint nNumberOfBytesToWrite, [In] ref NativeOverlapped lpOverlapped, WriteFileCompletionDelegate lpCompletionRoutine); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr CreateFile( string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, uint dwShareMode, IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, uint dwCreationDisposition, uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, IntPtr hTemplateFile); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject); public delegate void WriteFileCompletionDelegate( UInt32 dwErrorCode, UInt32 dwNumberOfBytesTransfered, ref NativeOverlapped lpOverlapped); The issue with this is when I call WriteFile(), the file is always overwritten by the proceeding call. I need to find a compatible .NET equivalent that would allow me to produce the exact same format of output. Thanks.

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• What is the best way to handle the Connections to MySql from c#

  - by srk

  I am working on a c# application which connects to MySql server. There are about 20 functions which will connect to database. This application will be deployed in 200 over machines. I am using the below code to connect to my database which is identical for all the functions. The problem is, i can some connections were not closed and still alive when deployed in 200 over machines. Connection String : <add key="Con_Admin" value="server=test-dbserver; database=test_admindb; uid=admin; password=1Password; Use Procedure Bodies=false;" /> Declaration of the connection string Globally in application [Global.cs] : public static MySqlConnection myConn_Instructor = new MySqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Con_Admin"]); Function to query database : public static DataSet CheckLogin_Instructor(string UserName, string Password) { DataSet dsValue = new DataSet(); //MySqlConnection myConn = new MySqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Con_Admin"]); try { string Query = "SELECT accounts.str_nric AS Nric, accounts.str_password AS `Password`," + " FROM accounts " + " WHERE accounts.str_nric = '" + UserName + "' AND accounts.str_password = '" + Password + "\'"; MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(Query, Global.myConn_Instructor); MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(); if (Global.myConn_Instructor.State == ConnectionState.Closed) { Global.myConn_Instructor.Open(); } cmd.ExecuteScalar(); da.SelectCommand = cmd; da.Fill(dsValue); Global.myConn_Instructor.Close(); } catch (Exception ex) { Global.myConn_Instructor.Close(); ExceptionHandler.writeToLogFile(System.Environment.NewLine + "Target : " + ex.TargetSite.ToString() + System.Environment.NewLine + "Message : " + ex.Message.ToString() + System.Environment.NewLine + "Stack : " + ex.StackTrace.ToString()); } return dsValue; }

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• How to deal with seniors' bad coding style/practices?

  - by KaluSingh Gabbar

  I am new to work but the company I work in hires a lot of non-comp-science people who are smart enough to get the work done (complex) but lack the style and practices that should help other people read their code. For example they adopt C++ but still use C-like 3 page functions which drives new folks nuts when they try to read that. Also we feel very risky changing it as it's never easy to be sure we are not breaking something. Now, I am involved in the project with these guys and I can't change the entire code base myself or design so that code looks good, what can I do in this situation? PS we actually have 3 page functions & because we do not have a concept of design, all we can do is assume what they might have thought as there is no way to know why is it designed the way it is. I am not complaining.I am asking for suggestion,already reading some books to solve the issues Pragmatic Programmer; Design portion from B.Stroustrup; Programming and principles by B.Stroustrup;

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• Excel 2007 UDF keeps failing, why?

  - by Zan

  I've been trying to browse info about this for a while now. The user defined functions in Excel 2007 just make no sense to me whatsoever. According to all the tutorials, it should be really simple. Just press alt + f11, insert a new module, and enter the VBA code there. At this point typing '=FUNCTIONNAME(parameters)' into any cell should make it work. It did, at first. Then upon closing and reopening the worksheet it stopped working. I checked to see that macros were enabled, but either way, that didn't help. Then I browsed the graphic UI from the function button to locate user defined functions. I found it there by name of 'MyExcelWorksheet.xls!FUNCTIONNAME.FUNCTIONNAME' and clicking that, it started working again. Now, a day later, I get back to working on this and it's broken, again. I just get #NAME? error or some "Function Arguments - Function doesn't use any arguments" -popup (translated from Finnish Excel, not sure what that msg is in English) when I select the function from the GUI. So what does it take to just create a function, and actually make it work and KEEP working? For the life of me I can't figure out why this has to be so difficult. :) I'm starting to think my company has some weird settings enabled or whatever, because judging by the lack of information I've found on the subject, this isn't supposed to happen.

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• Is there a way to force ContourPlot re-check all the points on the each stage of it's recursion algorithm?

  - by Alexey Popkov

  Hello, Thanks to this excellent analysis of the Plot algorithm by Yaroslav Bulatov, I now understand the reason why Plot3D and ContourPlot fail to draw smoothly functions with breaks and discontinuities. For example, in the following case ContourPlot fails to draw contour x^2 + y^2 = 1 at all: ContourPlot[Abs[x^2 + y^2 - 1], {x, -1, 1}, {y, -1, 1}, Contours -> {0}] It is because the algorithm does not go deeply into the region near x^2 + y^2 = 1. It "drops" this region on an initial stage and do not tries to investigate it further. Increasing MaxRecursion does nothing in this sense. And even undocumented option Method -> {Refinement -> {ControlValue -> .01 \[Degree]}} does not help (but makes Plot3D a little bit smoother). The above function is just a simple example. In real life I'm working with very complicated implicit functions that cannot be solved analytically. Is there a way to get ContourPlot to go deeply into such regions near breaks and discontinuities?

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• Unresolved external symbol error in c++

  - by Crystal

  I am trying to do a simple hw problem involving namespace, static data members and functions. I am getting an unresolved external symbol error Error 1 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "private: static double JWong::SavingsAccount::annualInterestRate" (?annualInterestRate@SavingsAccount@JWong@@0NA) SavingsAccount.obj SavingsAccount And I don't see why I am getting this error. Maybe I don't know something about static variables compared to regular data members that is causing this error. Here is my code: SavingsAccount.h file #ifndef JWONG_SAVINGSACCOUNT_H #define JWONG_SAVINGSACCOUNT_H namespace JWong { class SavingsAccount { public: // default constructor SavingsAccount(); // constructor SavingsAccount(double savingsBalance); double getSavingsBalance(); void setSavingsBalance(double savingsBalance); double calculateMonthlyInterest(); // static functions static void modifyInterestRate(double newInterestRate); static double getAnnualInterestRest(); private: double savingsBalance; // static members static double annualInterestRate; }; } #endif SavingsAccount.cpp file #include <iostream> #include "SavingsAccount.h" // default constructor, set savingsBalance to 0 JWong::SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount() : savingsBalance(0) {} // constructor JWong::SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(double savingsBalance) : savingsBalance(savingsBalance) {} double JWong::SavingsAccount::getSavingsBalance() { return savingsBalance; } void JWong::SavingsAccount::setSavingsBalance(double savingsBalance) { this->savingsBalance = savingsBalance; } // returns monthly interest and sets savingsBalance to new amount double JWong::SavingsAccount::calculateMonthlyInterest() { double monthlyInterest = savingsBalance * SavingsAccount::annualInterestRate / 12; setSavingsBalance(savingsBalance + monthlyInterest); return monthlyInterest; } void JWong::SavingsAccount::modifyInterestRate(double newInterestRate) { SavingsAccount::annualInterestRate = newInterestRate; } double JWong::SavingsAccount::getAnnualInterestRest() { return SavingsAccount::annualInterestRate; }

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• Best way to catch a WCF exception in Silverlight?

  - by wahrhaft

  I have a Silverlight 2 application that is consuming a WCF service. As such, it uses asynchronous callbacks for all the calls to the methods of the service. If the service is not running, or it crashes, or the network goes down, etc before or during one of these calls, an exception is generated as you would expect. The problem is, I don't know how to catch this exception. Because it is an asynchronous call, I can't wrap my begin call with a try/catch block and have it pick up an exception that happens after the program has moved on from that point. Because the service proxy is automatically generated, I can't put a try/catch block on each and every generated function that calls EndInvoke (where the exception actually shows up). These generated functions are also surrounded by External Code in the call stack, so there's nowhere else in the stack to put a try/catch either. I can't put the try/catch in my callback functions, because the exception occurs before they would get called. There is an Application_UnhandledException function in my App.xaml.cs, which captures all unhandled exceptions. I could use this, but it seems like a messy way to do it. I'd rather reserve this function for the truly unexpected errors (aka bugs) and not end up with code in this function for every circumstance I'd like to deal with in a specific way. Am I missing an obvious solution? Or am I stuck using Application_UnhandledException? [Edit] As mentioned below, the Error property is exactly what I was looking for. What is throwing me for a loop is that the fact that the exception is thrown and appears to be uncaught, yet execution is able to continue. It triggers the Application_UnhandledException event and causes VS2008 to break execution, but continuing in the debugger allows execution to continue. It's not really a problem, it just seems odd.

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• How do I add code automatically to a derived function in C++

  - by Ian

  I have code that's meant to manage operations on both a networked client and a server, since there is significant overlap between the two. However, there are a few functions here and there that are meant to be exclusively called by the client or server, and accidentally calling a client function on the server (or vice versa) is a significant source of bugs. To reduce these sorts of programming errors, I'm trying to tag functions so that they'll raise a ruckus if they're misused. My current solution is a simple macro at the start of each function that calls an assert if the client or server accesses members they shouldn't. However, this runs into problems when there are multiple derived instances of classes, in that I have to tag the implementation as client or server side in EVERY child class. What I'd like to be able to do is put a tag in the virtual member's signature in the base class, so that I only have to tag it once and not run into errors by forgetting to do it repeatedly. I've considered putting a check in a base class implementation and then referring to it with something like base::functionName, but that runs into the same issue as far as needing to manually add the function call to every implementation. Ideally, I'd be able to have parent versions of the function called automatically like default constructors do. Does anybody know how to achieve something like this in C++? Is there an alternate approach I should be considering? Thanks!

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• Wordpress OptimizePress (Theme) error when creating new page

  - by user594777

  I just installed WordPress newest version, also installed OptimizePress Theme. I am getting the following error when trying to add a new page in Word Press. Any help would be appreciated. Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: Permission denied in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clscustomfields.php on line 1578 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clscustomfields.php on line 1581 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clscustomfields.php on line 1584 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: Permission denied in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clsblogfields.php on line 174 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clsblogfields.php on line 177 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clsblogfields.php on line 180 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: Permission denied in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clslpcustomfields.php on line 1725 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clslpcustomfields.php on line 1728 Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clslpcustomfields.php on line 1731 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clscustomfields.php:1578) in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 830 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-content/themes/OptimizePress/admin/clscustomfields.php:1578) in /home/admin/domains/mywebsite.com/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 831

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• Seeking suggestions on redesigning the interface

  - by ratkok

  As a part of maintaining large piece of legacy code, we need to change part of the design mainly to make it more testable (unit testing). One of the issues we need to resolve is the existing interface between components. The interface between two components is a class that contains static methods only. Simplified example: class ABInterface { static methodA(); static methodB(); ... static methodZ(); }; The interface is used by component A so that different methods can use ABInterface::methodA() in order to prepare some input data and then invoke appropriate functions within component B. Now we are trying to redesign this interface for various reasons: Extending our unit test coverage - we need to resolve this dependency between the components and stubs/mocks are to be introduced The interface between these components diverged from the original design (ie. a lots of newer functions, used for the inter-component i/f are created outside this interface class). The code is old, changed a lot over the time and needs to be refactored. The change should not be disruptive for the rest of the system. We try to limit leaving many test-required artifacts in the production code. Performance is very important and should be no (or very minimal) degradation after the redesign. Code is OO in C++. I am looking for some ideas what approach to take. Any suggestions on how to do this efficiently?

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• Apples, oranges, and pointers to the most derived c++ class

  - by Matthew Lowe

  Suppose I have a bunch of fruit: class Fruit { ... }; class Apple : public Fruit { ... }; class Orange: public Fruit { ... }; And some polymorphic functions that operate on said fruit: void Eat(Fruit* f, Pesticide* p) { } void Eat(Apple* f, Pesticide* p) { ingest(f,p); } void Eat(Orange* f, Pesticide* p) { peel(f,p); ingest(f,p); } OK, wait. Stop right there. Note at this point that any sane person would make Eat() a virtual member function of the Fruit classes. But that's not an option, because I am not a sane person. Also, I don't want that Pesticide* in the header file for my fruit class. Sadly, what I want to be able to do next is exactly what member functions and dynamic binding allow: typedef list<Fruit*> Fruits; Fruits fs; ... for(Fruits::iterator i=fs.begin(), e=fs.end(); i!=e; ++i) Eat(*i); And obviously, the problem here is that the pointer we pass to Eat() will be a Fruit*, not an Apple* or an Orange*, therefore nothing will get eaten and we will all be very hungry. So what I really want to be able to do instead of this: Eat(*i); is this: Eat(MAGIC_CAST_TO_MOST_DERIVED_CLASS(*i)); But to my limited knowledge, such magic does not exist, except possibly in the form of a big nasty if-statement full of calls to dynamic_cast. So is there some run-time magic of which I am not aware? Or should I implement and maintain a big nasty if-statement full of dynamic_casts? Or should I suck it up, quit thinking about how I would implement this in Ruby, and allow a little Pesticide to make its way into my fruit header?

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• Modify existing struct alignment in Visual C++

  - by Crend King

  Is there a way to modify the member alignment of an existing struct in Visual C++? Here is the background: I use an 3rd-party library, which uses several structs. To fill up the structs, I pass the address of the struct instance to some functions. Unfortunately, the functions only returns unaligned buffer, so that data of some members are always wrong. /Zp is out of choice, since it breaks the other parts of the program. I know #pragma pack modifies the alignment of the following struct, but I do not want to copy the structs into my code, for the definitions in the library might change in the future. Sample code: test.h: struct am_aligned { BYTE data1[10]; ULONG data2; }; test.cpp: include "test.h" // typedef alignment(1) struct am_aligned am_unaligned int APIENTRY wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { char buffer[20] = {}; for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(unaligned_struct); i++) { buffer[i] = i; } am_aligned instance = *(am_aligned*) buffer; return 0; } instance.data2 is 0x0f0e0d0c, while 0x0d0c0b0a is desired. The commented line does not work of course. Thanks for help!

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• What is the rationale to not allow overloading of C++ conversions operator with non-member function

  - by Vicente Botet Escriba

  C++0x has added explicit conversion operators, but they must always be defined as members of the Source class. The same applies to the assignment operator, it must be defined on the Target class. When the Source and Target classes of the needed conversion are independent of each other, neither the Source can define a conversion operator, neither the Target can define a constructor from a Source. Usually we get it by defining a specific function such as Target ConvertToTarget(Source& v); If C++0x allowed to overload conversion operator by non member functions we could for example define the conversion implicitly or explicitly between unrelated types. template < typename To, typename From > operator To(const From& val); For example we could specialize the conversion from chrono::time_point to posix_time::ptime as follows template < class Clock, class Duration> operator boost::posix_time::ptime( const boost::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& from) { using namespace boost; typedef chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration> time_point_t; typedef chrono::nanoseconds duration_t; typedef duration_t::rep rep_t; rep_t d = chrono::duration_cast<duration_t>( from.time_since_epoch()).count(); rep_t sec = d/1000000000; rep_t nsec = d%1000000000; return posix_time::from_time_t(0)+ posix_time::seconds(static_cast<long>(sec))+ posix_time::nanoseconds(nsec); } And use the conversion as any other conversion. For a more complete description of the problem, see here or on my Boost.Conversion library.. So the question is: What is the rationale to non allow overloading of C++ conversions operator with non-member functions?

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• Using sigprocmask to implement locks

  - by EpsilonVector

  I'm implementing user threads in Linux kernel 2.4, and I'm using ualarm to invoke context switches between the threads. We have a requirement that our thread library's functions should be uninterruptable, so I looked into blocking signals and learned that using sigprocmask is the standard way to do this. However, it looks like I need to do quite a lot to implement this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); This blocks SIGALARM but it does this with 3 function invocations! A lot can happen in the time it takes for these functions to run, including the signal being sent. The best idea I had to mitigate this was temporarily disabling ualarm, like this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; time=ualarm(0,0); sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); ualarm(time, 0); Which is fine except that this feels verbose. Isn't there a better way to do this?

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• How to pass data to a C++0x lambda function that will run in a different thread?

  - by Dimitri C.

  In our company we've written a library function to call a function asynchronously in a separate thread. It works using a combination of inheritance and template magic. The client code looks as follows: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, &DemoThread::SomeFunction, stringToPassByValue); Since the introduction of lambda functions I'd like to use it in combination with lambda functions. I'd like to write the following client code: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, [=]() { const std::string someCopy = stringToPassByValue; }); Now, with the Visual C++ 2010 this code doesn't work. What happens is that the stringToPassByValue is not copied. Instead the "capture by value" feature passes the data by reference. The result is that if the function is executed after stringToPassByValue has gone out of scope, the application crashes as its destructor is called already. So I wonder: is it possible to pass data to a lambda function as a copy? Note: One possible solution would be to modify our framework to pass the data in the lambda parameter declaration list, as follows: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, [=](const std::string stringPassedByValue) { const std::string someCopy = stringPassedByValue; } , stringToPassByValue); However, this solution is so verbose that our original function pointer solution is both shorter and easier to read. Update: The full implementation of AsyncCall is too big to post here. In short, what happens is that the AsyncCall template function instantiates a template class holding the lambda function. This class is derived from a base class that contains a virtual Execute() function, and upon an AsyncCall() call, the function call class is put on a call queue. A different thread then executes the queued calls by calling the virtual Execute() function, which is polymorphically dispatched to the template class which then executes the lambda function.

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