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  • Tutorial: Linux Boot Camp: How Linux Boots (part 1)

    Booting. Sometimes it seems like it takes forever. What's the computer doing all that time? How do you find out? The Linux boot sequence is surprisingly simple, and the best part is that almost all of it is controlled by shell scripts you can read -- and even edit yourself.

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  • How do I create a 12.04 LiveUSB for a non-PAE machine?

    - by DrSkylaser
    I'm trying to create a dual-boot laptop with Ubuntu 12.04 and some flavor of Windows (TBD). To do that, I need to do some work on partitions & install 12.04. To do that, I need to create a bootable USB that will work with my non-PAE-capable CPU. Someone pointed me to a mini.iso that was allegedly non-PAE-friendly, but it gave me the same error as the straightup 12.04 desktop ISO. What version do I actually need? (This isn't going to be a virtual machine--I don't think the laptop has the RAM to handle that happily--so enabling PAE in the virtual machineware doesn't help me.)

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  • Ubuntu Server 12.04 start fails after update

    - by Abbgrade
    I did an system update on ubuntu server 12.04, which requestet an reboot. Since that, the system never reaches the login. It hangs on: mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory done. mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) build-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of build-in commands. (initramfs) i tried already to repair it using a live system: + Mounting the filesystems (/boot ext, / btrfs) + fsck ran without problems. + /etc/fstab seems to be OK. + apt update/upgrade on chroot succeed. now, i have no more ideas :/

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  • Multiple OS's and GRUB chainloading

    - by Kent
    Hi, I want to have multiple OS installations and I have been advised that chain loading using GRUB is a good way to handle this. I have looked at tutorials on the web but I still have some questions before I can start. I want: Windows XP: 20 GB. For running some school stuff and a game which does not work through WINE. Xubuntu 9.04: 85 GB. My main OS. Another Linux distribution: 15 GB . For experimenting and trying Linux distributions out. I will: Wipe and install various distributions quite often on the 15 Use dd to make a copy of my Windows partition after installing it and getting things to work as I like. My experience is that Windows needs to be re-installed maybe once per year to not get bloated and slow. I have been told: To use GRUB chain loading. It will make it easier when kernel upgrades are made in the Linux distributions, as they modify the GRUB boot-menu. To my understanding I need to: (I might very well be mistaken) Install Windows first. Then install Xubuntu and let it write over the MBR with GRUB (I guess this is the default). Get the GRUB on the MBR start Windows XP if I want to (it's done by default), start Xubuntu using the kernel of my choice or defer execution to the boot sector of my other Linux distribution. The actual chain loading will only occur when I want to start my experimental install of Linux. I wonder: Is step 3 above correct and a good way to handle this? Is it also a good way to use chain-loading for both Xubuntu and my experimental Linux installation? How do I get a Linux distribution to install the boot loader it comes with to the boot sector of its partition and not to the MBR? If I can't get it to not touch the MBR. Then I could make a backup of the MBR using dd and then write it back after installing my experimental Linux installation. But then, how would I get the boot loader (lets say GRUB) into the boot sector of the experimental Linux installation? How would it work if said Linux installation gets a new kernel update and needs to update the GRUB menu?

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  • how to replace windows 7 completely and repair grub

    - by sud
    I am trying to install ubuntu on HP probook 4530s x64 system. there is windows 7 already installed and i want to remove it. so i format C:\ drive and make to partation \ (sha2) and swap (sha4) from it. there is also a partation sha1 (300mb) for MBR (don't know what is it) i just leave it. after some time i get fatal error unable to install grub. and so i choose partation sha1 when it ask. no at boot time there is option to choose windows 7. and not for ubuntu and windows is also removed. i also try to install grub form other answers but no success. how to replace windows completely and where to install grub and what to do with 300mb (MBR).

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  • Sharing Files between Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 8

    - by Matinn
    I have Ubuntu and Windows 8 installed on one System. I am trying to share files between these two operating systems using an NTFS Partition wich was created by Windows. I don't have trouble accessing the data on this partition from Ubuntu, however if i create a file in Ubuntu, this file doesn't show up when I boot into Windows. Does anyone know how to do this. From what I have read file sharing should work without installing any additional Software, as I am not trying to access the Linux ext4 Partition from Windows.

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  • Can't start Windows 7 after cloning HDD

    - by Paul
    Brief description: cloned HDD1 - HDD2 HDD1 partition 1 boots HDD1 partition 2 boots HDD2 partition 1 boots HDD2 partition 2 doesn't boot Windows, but is bootable in general Now verbosely: In all the cases computer is the same. I have two Windows 7 installations on HDD1 - both are booting fine. I choose between them using standard Windows 7 boot loader menu. Technically there are 4 partitions: 100 MB Boot loader partition (active), Windows 7 copy 1 (25 GB), Windows 7 copy 2 (150 GB) and Working partition. All are primary. In past few days I tried to clone the whole HDD1 to HDD2 of the same size (but 2,5 inch form factor) as is using Minitool Partition wizard. Everything has been copied, all files are accessible, no faults in file system structure, even boot loader wasn't damaged and I hadn't to repair it. But I can boot only first installation of Windows 7 (it boots without issues). When I choose the second installation, I get immediately a completely black screen without any texts, cursors and other data. HDD isn't accessed after that. This black screen is sensitive to Ctrl-Alt-Delete which causes computer reboot. I did some experimenting: Installed Windows 7 to that partition - it booted fine. Then I renamed "Windows" to "Windows.old" and copied Windows directory from HDD1 as it was, using Far Manager, and got the same troubles - black screen. (Of course I performed renaming and copying from other copy of Windows). So, it seems that problems are inside this installation of Windows, somewhere in its files.

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  • Ubuntu 12.10 Help! Everything is incredibly slow

    - by Keith
    I installed 12.10 from usb onto this machine. Intel celeron 2.00 GHz 496MB RAM I had to modify GNU-Grub to read "nomodeset" or i could not see the GUI. I have an Nvidia graphics card. Takes about 2 minutes to boot. The icons on the left of desktop take about 1 min to slowly open their menu. Have a network connection but mozilla is 404 and i cannot update. Where can i find a blow by blow explanation for troubleshooting and repairing this problem?

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  • grub rescue error, [on hold]

    - by Lucas Smith
    I was trying to install a Linux OS to an partition alongside Windows 8 and Ubuntu, but I got confused and I just canceled the installation. Then I booted into Windows 8 and deleted the 20GB partition that I created. When I restarted the computer I got stuck at the following error message: error: no such partition grub rescue> I don't know what to do. I do not want to lose any data. Please help! Sorry for not selecting any answers, I overrited Linux with Windows XP and then repaired the Master Boot Record for Windows 8 and deleted XP, I'm now staying at Windows 8.

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  • Ubuntu not booting from USB on laptop (no optical drive)

    - by Jamie
    I'm using a Kingston 16GB USB, with the Unetbootin program. (I've tried both downloading the installation iso manually and adding it, or using the program to download.) I've tried creating the bootable USB on an iMac, the laptop and also a desktop. I've booted into the setup of the laptop and changed the boot order to make sure it boots from that drive first. (There is no optical drive so that isn't a problem.) It's an Acer Aspire AS3810TZ. Upon booting it gives this message: SYSLINUX 4.03 2010-10-22 EDD Copyright (C) 1994-2010 H. Peter Anvin et al I get this no matter how I create the USB, it just sits there. I left the laptop for an hour and it hadn't moved. I've also tried on a different 4GB USB (Generic) and that did the same.

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  • Installing 12.10 messed up Xorg

    - by Ghost
    So I finally decided to upgrade from 12.04 and now my ubuntu install has been rendered unusable. I'm getting the "no screens detected" error from xorg in the console, and no mattr how many times I reinstall it xorg keeps throwing the same errors. I already had to do a bunch of hacks like nomodeset just to get to the console, else I would get an infinite tabulator after the purple boot screen. The machine has a 4200HD IGP, I even tried installing fglrx legacy (4xxx series and below are not supported in regular fglrx anymore) which was a subpar driver in 12.04 but in hopes that the machine would at least work, but nope, nothing at all. Anyone had the same problem? how do I fix it? EDIT: just wanted to add that I upgraded to 13.04 and it didn't solve anything, in fact it might have broken things even further.

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  • Can't start ubuntu 11.10, Stops at login screen!

    - by Martinpizza
    I have been trying to dual boot ubuntu with windows 7 via WUBI on my custom built pc but without success. When i start the computer i can choose windows or ubuntu i choose ubuntu and when i should get to the login screen the screen just stays purple/pink. Tried safe mode but cant get in there either. I have tried reinstall but did not work either. :( The second time i install ubuntu the screen was purple/pink and the screen was cut of so the left side was on the right side and right side on left side (hard to describe) Third time installing (The last time) it is just like the first time please help!!!! cant get nowhere without help i am kinda new at ubuntu and its creepy commands. Had ubuntu on my old computer. I think the problem is my hardware so here is my computer specs: Amd Fx 6100 Amd HIS Radeon HD 6950 ICEQ X Asus Sabertooth 990fx 1TB Harddrive I have no idea the name on it Please Help me!! Sorry for my bad English! :D

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  • busybox initramfs prompt while attempting to install from live cd on 2nd hdd

    - by da92n
    busybox initramfs prompt while attempting to install from live cd on 2nd hdd I've created a partition in ext3 on my second hdd to intall linux however when i come to boot the CD i get directed to a busybox prompt with no other choice than help. Other topics i've read on the subject where bound to the idea ubuntu has been already installed, and that the partition needs to be just indicated or else... But since i've no ubuntu installed, neither have i any partition that ubuntu should consider like that... How can i go through that?

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  • Ubuntu gets slower by the day

    - by Doug
    Ive noticed that Ubuntu has been getting slower and slower to boot, launch programs, etc. I installed 12.04 about 4 months ago,now 12.10, running on a quad-core Q8300 Intel, 4GB Ram, and an 80GB WD IDE drive. For some reason (ever since 11.04), Ive noticed after installation, the speed is good. The longer I have the OS installed, every bootup gets slower and slower, launching programs get slower, frame rates change radically(onboard GF9400 gets anywhere from 60fps down to 12 in worst cases). I would think maybe the HD is the issue, however I installed 11.10 on a 160GB SATA, and the same thing occurred. Looking at system resources, I'm holding steady at 1GB memory usage (I have 4GB, but it's actually showing 3.6GB, dunno why), no swap usage, and using right around 4% on cpu currently. HD capacity is only 28% used. Has anyone else ran into this issue? I love Ubuntu to death, but using other distros other than Ubuntu, I dont have this problem.

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  • How can I successfully install Ubuntu 12.10 next to windows 7

    - by Ian
    I have an installation of Windows 7 and I would like to install Ubuntu 12.10 side by side. During the installation of Ubuntu GRUB comes up with an error and gives me the option to select which disk it should be installed to. I have always found this difficult as I am never sure which disk to select. In my case I see one with "Windows bootloader". I was guessing that was the boot disk for my system but having selected it and completing the Ubuntu installation, GRUB did not appear and Windows loaded. I had no way to get to my Ubuntu installation. I then tried another disk for GRUB after receiving the same message on a re-install of Ubuntu but it didn't work either. In stead of fumbling about I thought I would ask here. Thanks for any advice!

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  • Ubuntu doesn't start and I can't login

    - by Meph00
    My ubuntu 13.04 doesn't boot anymore. Eternal black screen. If I press ALT+CTRL+F1 I see that it's stucked on "Checking battery state [OK]." I'd like to try to go with sudo apt-get install gdm but I can't login on terminal tty2, tty3 etc. They correctly ask for my nickname, then they make me wait a lot, ask for password and make me wait again. After a lot of time (... a lot) the best I could achieve was visualizing "Documentantion https://help.ubuntu.com". I can never reach the point where I can give commands. Plus, during the long pauses, every 2 minutes it gives a messagge like this: INFO: task XXX blocked for more than 120 seconds. Any suggestion? Sorry for my bad english and thanks everyone for the attention.

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  • Windows Azure v1.7 Spring Release Today&ndash;New Management Dashboard

    - by ToStringTheory
    Today, Microsoft will be publicly releasing a new version of Azure for public consumption.  The web conference, at http://www.meetwindowsazure.com will be airing at 1 PM PST.  They have already released an update to the Service Dashboard that can be accessed by going to http://manage.windowsazure.com.  I have some images of the new dashboard here that I have gathered and removed any PII from.  Let me know what you think! Images You should be able to click any of the images for a full resolution image. Tutorial The first thing you get after signing in is the tutorial: Landing After the tutorial completes, you get a screen with services that are active on your account on the left, and a list of ALL services (db/blob/SQL Azure) on the right.  I like the quick access to services across any of my subscriptions: Service Information These are images from a running web site with several roles.  I love how easy they have made many of the features: SQL Azure They have given some great quick functionality for looking at your DB information: Storage Here is the basic information that they give you for any storage accounts you have: Adding Services Super quick and easy to add services with the new UI: Conclusion I am EXCITED!  As you may have seen in the left side of my blog, I am an MCPD in Azure Development, and I must say that I am excited to see Microsoft moving forward with the technology and not letting it stagnate.  After as much as I have fought the other Azure dashboard, I like the friendliness and fluidity of this one. The important thing to note about ALL of the images above: this is HTML, not Silverlight.  The responsiveness is FAST on all of the actions I completed, and I believe that this is a big step forward for Azure… So, what do you think?

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  • Ubuntu 13.04 freezes after boot or suspend (every other time)

    - by Max
    I'm running 13.04 on Asus UL30A Process: Genuine Intel® CPU U7300 @ 1.30GHz × 2 Graphics: Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset OS type: 64-bit Everything completely freezes after every other a boot or suspend. No keyboard or mouse. It happens every other time. It freezes, I reboot and it works work. Next time I will reboot, it will freeze again. This never happened with 12.10. Any advice on how to fix this?

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  • purple screen when booting on lenovo G505s

    - by user1114795
    I successfully installed Ubuntu 14.04. I'm having the purple screen issue however even after making the nomodeset changes. It remains stuck on a purple screen. I can navigate through the menu options i.e Ubuntu, Advanced Options for Ubuntu, Memory Test, Windows Recovery Environment and Windows 8. I can't even boot into Windows 8. I'm totally new to this. If someone could please provide step by step instructions, that would be most appreciated.

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  • Update Grub on Squeeze - Kernel downgrade due VMware Server

    - by vodoo_boot
    I happen to run into various problems regarding grub and kernels. I don't really care about the kernel internas. All I want is VMware server in that dedicated root-server. 1.) What is a bzImage vs. vmlinuz? kaze:~# ls /boot/ System.map-2.6.32-5-amd64 bzImage-2.6.33.2 config-2.6.33.2 initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.33.2 bzImage-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.35.6 vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.32-5-amd64 grub I updated my menu.lst (grub2): timeout 5 default 0 fallback 1 title 2.6.32.5 kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.35.6 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.35.6 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.32.3 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.33.2 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off That doesn't do well... I think the vmlinuz file is missing initrd or so. Dunno. In fact I don't give too much about kernel boot voodoo as long as it works. update-grub(2) does not work. Does anybody know what magical trick there is to get the 2.6.32-5 booting? 2.) I thought t follow the Deban wiki.. I cannot get header-files for the installed 35.6 or 33.2 kernel in the repositories. I cannot build foreign headers because they will not match the running kernel. So how does one deal with that situtation? I'd prefer not to have to downgrade the kernel. Thanks for any answers!

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  • Installing along side of Windows 8

    - by Jake
    It appears as though many people are having problems installing Ubuntu along side Windows 8. My problem, however, seems to be sufficiently different to be unique among such problems. I can't get the Ubuntu 12.10 live-USB installer to run. When I boot I get the following four options: Run from this USB Install to disk Check memory (I can't remember the last one) I have tried the top two. Both result in the screen going black briefly then windows 8 booting as per usual. Does anyone know how I may manage to overcome this problem?

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  • Cannot boot normally, without restarting lightdm (or gdm)

    - by leventov
    I had a problem precisely described here: http://www.webupd8.org/2013/01/ubuntu-lightdm-black-screen-when-using.html, black screen with blinking cursor instead of login screen. I've switched to gdm using sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm -- but faced the same problem, now loading process stops on "red-white Ubuntu dots" (without activity under this splash). And to login, I still need to restart display manager: Ctrl+Alt+F1 and sudo service gdm restart. How to make Ubuntu to boot normally?

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  • tty1 prompt before lightdm

    - by David Weldon
    After upgrading to 13.10, every time I boot I'm shown a login prompt (tty1) for ~30 seconds before lightdm automatically starts. Everything works fine after that. Any ideas on what I could try to fix/debug this? My /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log contains lines like the following: ** (at-spi2-registryd:1381): WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files ** (at-spi2-registryd:1381): WARNING **: Unable to register client with session manager WARNING: Failed to open sessions directory: Error opening directory '/usr/share/lightdm/sessions': No such file or directory ** Message: PID 1534 (we are 1534) sent signal 15, shutting down... ** (gnome-settings-daemon:1401): WARNING **: Name taken or bus went away - shutting down Searching for these errors results in a variety of bugs filed over the years. Maybe a clean install will fix this.

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  • Windows 8 safe mode grub 2

    - by Adam Smith
    I need to boot into safe mode in Windows 8 Ultimate to un-install Avira as this is not supported in windows 8. The problem is I have also installed Ubuntu 12.04 and from the grub 2, I do not get the option to boot into windows 8 safe mode. I do not have the CD/DVD of windows 8. Also, "pressing f8 as soon as you press enter after selecting win8 kernel " or for that matter any other key (Shift+F8, F2, F12 ) did not help. Is there a way to get an option in the boot menu to boot into Windows 8 safe mode? Found some similar posts, but could not find any relevant answers. Thanks

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  • Why dd is not a reliable command to write bootable .iso files to USB thumb drive?

    - by Samik
    As the answers here indicate Ubuntu .iso s are not expected to boot if copied with dd to a USB thumb drive. Now my question is why is so that some Linux distributions have the option to directly write their bootable .iso file to a thumb drive with dd but some (read Ubuntu) have not(for Ubuntu I think it has to be converted to .img first). Is it for some architectural difference in .isos? Or is it due to any limitation of dd itself?I don't know if it is off-topic here. I can move it to a more proper place if the community thinks so or suggests one. Some explanation would be appreciable.

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