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• How can I create a rules engine without using eval() or exec()?

  - by Angela

  I have a simple rules/conditions table in my database which is used to generate alerts for one of our systems. I want to create a rules engine or a domain specific language. A simple rule stored in this table would be..(omitting the relationships here) if temp > 40 send email Please note there would be many more such rules. A script runs once daily to evaluate these rules and perform the necessary actions. At the beginning, there was only one rule, so we had the script in place to only support that rule. However we now need to make it more scalable to support different conditions/rules. I have looked into rules engines , but I hope to achieve this in some simple pythonic way. At the moment, I have only come up with eval/exec and I know that is not the most recommended approach. So, what would be the best way to accomplish this?? ( The rules are stored as data in database so each object like "temperature", condition like "/=..etc" , value like "40,50..etc" and action like "email, sms, etc.." are stored in the database, i retrieve this to form the condition...if temp 50 send email, that was my idea to then use exec or eval on them to make it live code..but not sure if this is the right approach )

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• Is it possible to cancel function override in parent class and use function from top level parent

  - by Anatoliy Gusarov

  class TopParent { protected function foo() { $this->bar(); } private function bar() { echo 'Bar'; } } class MidParent extends TopParent { protected function foo() { $this->midMethod(); parent::foo(); } public function midMethod() { echo 'Mid'; } public function generalMethod() { echo 'General'; } } Now the question is if I have a class, that extends MidParent because I need to call class Target extends MidParent { //How to override this method to return TopParent::foo(); ? protected function foo() { } } So I need to do this: $mid = new MidParent(); $mid->foo(); // MidBar $taget = new Target(); $target->generalMethod(); // General $target->foo(); // Bar UPDATE Top parent is ActiveRecord class, mid is my model object. I want to use model in yii ConsoleApplication. I use 'user' module in this model, and console app doesn't support this module. So I need to override method afterFind, where user module is called. So the Target class is the class that overrides some methods from model which uses some modules that console application doesn't support.

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• Generics in a bidirectional association

  - by Verhoevenv

  Let's say I have two classes A and B, with B a subtype of A. This is only part of a richer type hierarchy, obviously, but I don't think that's relevant. Assume A is the root of the hierarchy. There is a collection class C that keeps track of a list of A's. However, I want to make C generic, so that it is possible to make an instance that only keeps B's and won't accept A's. class A(val c: C[A]) { c.addEntry(this) } class B(c: C[A]) extends A(c) class C[T <: A]{ val entries = new ArrayBuffer[T]() def addEntry(e: T) { entries += e } } object Generic { def main(args : Array[String]) { val c = new C[B]() new B(c) } } The code above obviously give the error 'type mismatch: found C[B], required C[A]' on the new B(c) line. I'm not sure how this can be fixed. It's not possible to make C covariant in T (like C[+T <: A]) because the ArrayBuffer is non-variantly typed in T. It's not possible to make the constructor of B require a C[B] because C can't be covariant. Am I barking up the wrong tree here? I'm a complete Scala newbie, so any ideas and tips might be helpful. Thank you! EDIT: Basically, what I'd like to have is that the compiler accepts both val c = new C[B]() new B(c) and val c = new C[A]() new B(c) but would reject val c = new C[B]() new A(c) It's probably possible to relax the typing of the ArrayBuffer in C to be A instead of T, and thus in the addEntry method as well, if that helps.

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• Javascript Namespace Help

  - by Jason

  Hi, I have a pretty big Javascript script with loads of global variables & functions in it. Then a piece of code that calls one function from this js file: myfunc(); Ok, now I have cloned this script and modified some functionality, all function prototypes and variables are named the same in both scripts. So now I have two scripts loaded and one call to myfunc(), now we have a clash because there are loads of global variables with the same names and two myfunc()s. What I want to do is wrap this cloned script in a namespace, so that I can modify the original call to: clone.myfunc() which will call the new function, but I also want myfunc() to just refer to the original script. In other words I can't touch the original script (no permissions) and I want to be able to use both the clone and the original at runtime. This is the script im cloning: http://pastebin.com/6KR5T3Ah Javascript namespaces seem quite tricky this seems a nice namespace method: var namespace = { foo: function() { } bar: function() { } } ... namespace.foo(); } However that requires using an object, and the script (as posted above) is humongous at nearly 4000 lines, too much to objectize I think? Anyone know a better solution to avoid namespace pollution, with one script I cant touch and one being a clone of that script. Just so I can call myfunc() and clone.myfunc() and all global variables will behave in their respected scope. It's either that, or I go through and modify everything to have unique names, which may take a lifetime This is a Mozilla addon if it helps context wise. Thanks.

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• How to further improve error messages in Scala parser-combinator based parsers?

  - by rse

  I've coded a parser based on Scala parser combinators: class SxmlParser extends RegexParsers with ImplicitConversions with PackratParsers { [...] lazy val document: PackratParser[AstNodeDocument] = ((procinst | element | comment | cdata | whitespace | text)*) ^^ { AstNodeDocument(_) } [...] } object SxmlParser { def parse(text: String): AstNodeDocument = { var ast = AstNodeDocument() val parser = new SxmlParser() val result = parser.parseAll(parser.document, new CharArrayReader(text.toArray)) result match { case parser.Success(x, _) => ast = x case parser.NoSuccess(err, next) => { tool.die("failed to parse SXML input " + "(line " + next.pos.line + ", column " + next.pos.column + "):\n" + err + "\n" + next.pos.longString) } } ast } } Usually the resulting parsing error messages are rather nice. But sometimes it becomes just sxml: ERROR: failed to parse SXML input (line 32, column 1): `"' expected but `' found ^ This happens if a quote characters is not closed and the parser reaches the EOT. What I would like to see here is (1) what production the parser was in when it expected the '"' (I've multiple ones) and (2) where in the input this production started parsing (which is an indicator where the opening quote is in the input). Does anybody know how I can improve the error messages and include more information about the actual internal parsing state when the error happens (perhaps something like a production rule stacktrace or whatever can be given reasonably here to better identify the error location). BTW, the above "line 32, column 1" is actually the EOT position and hence of no use here, of course.

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• better way of showing File Upload Errors?

  - by coure06

  Model: public class EmailAttachment { public string FileName { get; set; } public string FileType { get; set; } public int FileSize { get; set; } public Stream FileData { get; set; } } public class ContactEmail: IDataErrorInfo { public string Name { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } public string Message { get; set; } public EmailAttachment Attachment { get; set; } public string Error { get { return null; } } public string this[string propName] { get { if (propName == "Name" && String.IsNullOrEmpty(Name)) return "Please Enter your Name"; if (propName == "Email"){ if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(Email)) return "Please Provide an Email Address"; else if(!Regex.IsMatch(Email, ".+\\@.+\\..+")) return "Please Enter a valid email Address"; } if (propName == "Message" && String.IsNullOrEmpty(Message)) return "Please Enter your Message"; return null; } }} And my controller file [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Con(ContactEmail ce, HttpPostedFileBase file) { return View(); } Now the Problem From the form i am getting Name,Email, Message and uploaded file. I can get validation errors automatically for Name,Email,Message using public string this[string propName]. How can i show validation errors if Attachment.FileSize 10000? If i write its code in public string this[string propName] i alwasy getting Attachment null. How can i fill Attachment Object of ContactEmail so that i can manage all errors on same place?

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• 32-bit JVM on 64-bit Windows crashes on launch with -Xmx1300m and plenty of free memory

  - by Konrad Garus

  I'm struggling with Java heap space settings. The default Java on Windows is the 32-bit client regardless of OS version (that's what Oracle recommends to all users). It appears to set max heap size to 256 MB by default, and that is too little for me. I use a custom launcher to start the application. I would like it to use more memory on computers with plenty RAM, and default to -Xmx512m on those with less RAM. As far as I'm aware, the only way is the static -Xmx setting (that has to be set on launch). I have a user who has 8 GB RAM, 64-bit Windows and 32-bit Java 7. Maximum memory visible to the JVM is 4G (as returned by querying OperatingSystemMXBean). I understand why, no issue. For some reason my application is unable to start for this user with -Xmx1300m, even though he has 2.3G free memory. He closed some applications (having 5G free memory), and still it would not launch. The error reported to me was: error occured during init of vm could not reserve enough space for object heap What's going on? Could it be that the 32-bit JVM is only able to address the "first" 4G of memory and has to have a 1300M block available within those first 4 gigabytes? How can I solve this problem, except for asking everyone to install 64-bit Java (what is unlikely to be acceptable)?

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• steam condenser java errors

  - by w0rm

  I've been working on a little project involving Steam Condenser, a Steam API written in Java, but I haven't been able to actually do anything with it. I'll explain. This is what the wiki tells me: SteamId id = new SteamId("demomenz"); GameStats stats = id.getGameStats("tf2"); List achievements = stats.getAchievements(); The problem is, eclipse doesn't like it apparently, as it spits out this error: The constructor SteamId(String) is undefined and it gives me the option to change it to: SteamId id = new SteamId("demomenz", false); But at this point a different error comes out: The constructor SteamId(Object, boolean) is not visible So, I'm assuming this function is internal to the API, and should not be called from the outside. If anyone is familiar with this, or has a clue on why I'm getting this error (I'm fairly new to Java development), an answer would be greatly appreciated. UPDATE: The constructor SteamId(String) is undefined This is if I use SteamId.create(ConvertedID); (ConvertedID is a String containing the Steam64 ID). At this point I believe this API is not that well written, at least for java. Any other idea?

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• WinForms: How to determine if window is no longer active (no child window has focus)?

  - by Marek

  My application uses multiple windows I want to hide one specific window in case the application loses focus (when the Active Window is not the application window) source I am handling the Deactivate event of my main form. private void MainForm_Deactivate(object sender, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("deactivate"); if (GetActiveWindow() == this.Handle) { Console.WriteLine("isactive=true"); } else { Console.WriteLine("isactive=false"); } } [DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern IntPtr GetActiveWindow(); The output is always deactivate isactive=true I have observed the same behavior if a new window within my application receives focus and also if I click into a different application. I would expect GetActiveWindow to return the handle of the new active window when called from the Deactivate handler. Instead it always returns the handle of my application window. How is this possible? Is the Deactivate event handled "too soon"? (while the main form is still active?). How can I detect that my application has lost focus (my application window is not the active window) and another application gained it without running GetActiveWindow on a timer?

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• Dynamic control click event not firing properly

  - by Wil

  I'm creating a next/previous function for my repeater using pageddatasource. I added the link button control dynamically in my oninit using the following code. LinkButton lnkNext = new LinkButton(); lnkNext.Text = "Next"; lnkNext.Click += new EventHandler(NextPage); if (currentPage != objPagedDataSource.PageCount) { pnlMain.Controls.Add(lnkNext); } So in my initial page_load, the next link comes up fine. There are 5 pages in my objPagedDataSource. currentPage variable is 1. The "NextPage" event handler looks like this public void NextPage(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies["PageNum"] == null) { HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("PageNum"); cookie.Value = "1"; } else { HttpCookie cookie = HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies["PageNum"]; cookie.Value = (Convert.ToInt32(cookie.Value) + 1).ToString(); } this.BindRepeater(); } So I am incrementing the cookie I am using to track the page number and then rebinding the repeater. Here is the main issue. The first time I click Next, it works, it goes to Page 2 without any problems. When on Page 2, I click Next, it goes back to Page 1. Seems like the Next event is not wiring up properly. Not sure why, any ideas?

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• Service Layer are repeating my Repositories

  - by Felipe

  Hi all, I'm developing an application using asp.net mvc, NHibernate and DDD. I have a service layer that are used by controllers of my application. Everything are using Unity to inject dependencies (ISessionFactory in repositories, repositories in services and services in controllers) and works fine. But, it's very common I need a method in service to get only object in my repository, like this (in service class): public class ProductService { private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow; private readonly IProductRepository _productRepository; public ProductService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IProductRepository productRepository) { this._uow = unitOfWork; this._productRepository = productRepository; } /* this method should be exists in DDD ??? It's very common */ public Domain.Product Get(long key) { return _productRepository.Get(key); } /* other common method... is correct by DDD ? */ public bool Delete(long key) { usign (var tx = _uow.BeginTransaction()) { try { _productRepository.Delete(key); tx.Commit(); return true; } catch { tx.RollBack(); return false; } } } /* ... others methods ... */ } This code is correct by DDD ? For each Service class I have a Repository, and for each service class need I do a method "Get" for an entity ? Thanks guys Cheers

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• Hibernate Session flush behaviour [ and Spring @Transactional ]

  - by EugeneP

  I use Spring and Hibernate in a web-app, SessionFactory is injected into a DAO bean, and then this DAO is used in a Servlet through webservicecontext. DAO methods are transactional, inside one of the methods I use ... getCurrentSession().save(myObject); One servlet calls this method with an object passed. The update seems to not be flushed at once, it takes about 5 seconds to see the changes in the database. The servlet's method in which that DAO's update method is called, takes a fraction of second to complete. After the @Transactional method of DAO is completed, flushing may NOT happen ? It does not seem to be a rule [ I already see it ]. Then the question is this: what to do to force the session to flush after every DAO method? It may not be a good thing to do, but talking about a Service layer, some methods must end with immediate flush, and Hibernate Session behavior is not predictable. So what to do to guarantee that my @Transactional method persists all the changes after the last line of that method code? getCurrentSession().flush() is the only solution? p.s. I read somewhere that @Transactional IS ASSOCIATED with a DB Transaction. Method returns, transaction must be committed. I do not see this happens.

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• struct constructor + function parameter

  - by Oops

  Hi, I am a C++ beginner. I have the following code, the reult is not what I expect. The question is why, resp. what is wrong. For sure, the most of you see it at the first glance. struct Complex { float imag; float real; Complex( float i, float r) { imag = i; real = r; } Complex( float r) { Complex(0, r); } std::string str() { std::ostringstream s; s << "imag: " << imag << " | real: " << real << std::endl; return s.str(); } }; class Complexes { std::vector<Complex> * _complexes; public: Complexes(){ _complexes = new std::vector<Complex>; } void Add( Complex elem ) { _complexes->push_back( elem ); } std::string str( int index ) { std::ostringstream oss; Complex c = _complexes->at(index); oss << c.str(); return oss.str(); } }; int main(){ Complexes * cs = new Complexes(); //cs->Add(123.4f); cs->Add(Complex(123.4f)); std::cout << cs->str(0); return 0; } for now I am interested in the basics of c++ not in the complexnumber theory ;-) it would be nice if the "Add" function does also accept one real (without an extra overloading) instead of only a Complex-object is this possible? many thanks in advance Oops

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• Printing Images C# Overlapping Wrong

  - by Alen

  I have created a program much like Photoshop in the sense that you can place images (picture box) on a control, move them around, delete them, and so on... I have also managed to put together a method to print all the images on the control with no problems. But here is the weird part: When I click print, the program prints the image which was placed first, on top of the image which came second. On the screen the user can see the image which was placed second, on top of the first placed image (the way it should be) but when I print its opposite? I have no idea why it does this... I hope I've made my self as clear as possible, any help is appreciated! public void printToGraphics(Graphics graphics, Rectangle bounds) { graphics.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.ClearTypeGridFit; graphics.CompositingQuality = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.CompositingQuality.HighQuality; graphics.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality; Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(newLabel.Width, newLabel.Height); newLabel.DrawToBitmap(bitmap, newLabel.DisplayRectangle); Rectangle target = new Rectangle(0, 0, bounds.Width, bounds.Height); target.Height = bitmap.Height; target.Width = bitmap.Width; graphics.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Display; graphics.DrawImage(bitmap,target); } void printDoc_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e) { printToGraphics(e.Graphics, e.MarginBounds); }

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• Read data from form

  - by Superhuman

  This is a strange question, I've never tried to do this before. I have a repetitive process requiring that I copy and paste data from text boxes in one program into another program for further processing. I'd like to automate this process using VB .NET. The application from which the data is gathered isn't mine, so I don't have ActiveX-like access to its controls. How would you write an application to gain access to a form from another application, to be able to find the controls on the form, and gather the values from them? Just experimenting, I've used the following code. This resulted in only the name of the form to which this code belongs. It didn't find the names of any other forms I have open, and I have a lot open to choose from. This is frustrating because it's only step one of what I'll need to do to make my life easier... Public Declare Function EnumWindows Lib "user32" (ByVal lpEnumFunc As CallBack, ByVal lParam As Integer) As Integer Public Delegate Function CallBack(ByVal hwnd As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Boolean Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim cb As New CallBack(AddressOf MyCallBack) EnumWindows(cb, 8) End Sub Public Function MyCallBack(ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lparam As Long) As Boolean Dim frm As System.Windows.Forms.Control frm = System.Windows.Forms.Form.FromHandle(hwnd) If frm Is Nothing Then Return True If frm.Text <> "" Then TextBox1.Text += frm.Text & ", " End If Return True End Function Does anyone have a recommendation? Thanks, SH

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• Mixing stored procedures and ORM

  - by Jason

  The company I work for develops a large application which is almost entirely based on stored procedures. We use classic ASP and SQL Server and the major part of the business logic is contained inside those stored procedures. For example, (I know, this is bad...) a single stored procedure can be used for different purposes (insert, update, delete, make some calculations, ...). Most of the time, a stored procedure is used for operations on related tables, but this is not always the case. We are planning to move to ASP.NET in a near future. I have read a lot of posts on StackOverflow recommending that I move the business logic outside the database. The thing is, I have tried to convince the people who takes the decisions at our company and there is nothing I can do to change their mind. Since I want to be able to use the advantages of object-oriented programming, I want to map the tables to actual classes. So far, my solution is to use an ORM (Entity Framework 4 or nHibernate) to avoid mapping the objects manually (mostly to retrieve the data) and use some kind of Data Access Layer to call the existing stored procedures (for saving). I want your advice on this. Do you think it is a good solution? Any ideas?

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• No results are returned when using Flickr JSON request

  - by Martijn1981

  I'm still fairly new to AJAX and I'm experimenting with Twitter and Flickr. Twitter is working fine so far, but I've run into some issues with the Flickr API. I'm getting no results back. The URL seems to be working fine and I'm pointing to the right object containing the array ('items'). Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong please? Thanks! $('#show_pictures').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); $.ajax({ url: 'http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?format=json&jsoncallback=?&tags=home', dataType: 'jsonp', success: function(data) { $.each(data.items, function(i, item){ $('<div></div>') .hide() .append('<h1>'+item.title+'</h1>') .append('<img src="'+item.media.m+'" >') .append('<p>'+item.description+'</p>') .appendTo('#results') .fadeIn(); }) }, error: function(data) { alert('Something went wrong!'); } }); });

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• I need to sort the facets that come back from SOLR by relevancy

  - by Pinguthepenguin

  I have within my SOLR index song objects which belong to a higher level album object. An example is shown below: <song> <album title>Blood Sugar Sex Magic</album title> <song title>Under the Bridge</song title> <description>A sad song about junkies</description> </song> What I can do at the moment is create a facet on the album title so that a search on songs will also show me what albums contain hits for that keyword. The default behaviour for SOLR is that the facets are shown in the order of most hits to least. However what I want to achieve is the facet list to be sorted according to the relevancy of the top hit for that album. For example a search on the word "sad" may show a facet with one hit for "Blood Sugar Sex Magic" and there may also be an album called "Sad Clown songs" where there are 10 hits. "Sad clown songs" will show as the first facet even though it may be that "Under the bridge" comes up as the most relevant song. My question is how can I get all the facets back but then have them ordered by the relevancy of the songs within them? If I would need to change or extend some underlying SOLR code what would that be? Thanks in advance.

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• Counting the number of occurrences of characters in an array

  - by Anthony Pittelli

  This is what I have but it is not working, this is confusing for me. If you scroll down I commented on someones post the exact problem I am having and what I am trying to do. I was thinking maybe the problem is my code to generate the random characters: public void add (char fromChar, char toChar){ Random r = new Random(); //creates a random object int randInt; for (int i=0; i<charArray.length; i++){ randInt = r.nextInt((toChar-fromChar) +1); charArray[i] = (char) randInt; //casts these integers as characters } }//end add public int[] countLetters() { int[] count = new int[26]; char current; for (int b = 0; b <= 26; b++) { for (int i = 97; i <= 123; i++) { char a = (char) i; for (int ch = 0; ch < charArray.length; ch++) { current = charArray[ch]; if (current == a) { count[b]++; } } } } return count; }

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• User switching without logging off

  - by mrh1967

  We need to switch users without logging off so we can remotely administrate a PC running with a limited user that will disconnect from the VPN if the user logs off. I've got this working by killing the explorer process and then running explorer.exe with the administrator user credentials as the following code shows: private void btnOk_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { IntPtr tokenHandle = new IntPtr(0); if (LogonUser("administrator", Environment.UserDomainName, txtPassword.Text, 3, 0, ref tokenHandle)) { ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo(@"C:\Windows\explorer.exe"); psi.UserName = "administrator"; char[] pword = txtPassword.Text.ToCharArray(); psi.Password = new System.Security.SecureString(); foreach (char c in pword) { psi.Password.AppendChar(c); } psi.UseShellExecute = false; psi.LoadUserProfile = true; restartExplorer(psi); this.Close(); } else { MessageBox.Show("Wrong password", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); } } private void restartExplorer(ProcessStartInfo psi) { Process[] procs = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses(); foreach (Process p in procs) { if (p.ProcessName == "explorer") { p.Kill(); break; } } System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(psi); } [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public extern static bool LogonUser(String lpszUsername, String lpszDomain, String lpszPassword, int dwLogonType, int dwLogonProvider, ref IntPtr phToken); This code and similar code that does the same but makes the ProcessStartInfo for the limited user works perfectly and allows changing between the limited and administrator accounts without disconnecting the VPN but it has one problem - If we use this to change to the administrator user, make some changes to the system, then change back to the limited user all works ok until the limited user logs off when a blank desktop is displayed until CTRL-ALT-DEL is pressed and the user is logged off again. Because we block CTRL-ALT-DEL the PC effectively hangs until it is powered off. Does anyone know how to stop this from happening so we can change users without the PC hanging when they log off?

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• Hibernate HQL m:n join problem

  - by smallufo

  I am very unfamiliar with SQL/HQL , and am currently stuck with this 'maybe' simple problem : I have two many-to-many Entities , with a relation table : Car , CarProblem , and Problem . One Car may have many Problems , One Problem may appear in many Cars, CarProblem is the association table with other properties . Now , I want to find Car(s) with specified Problem , how do I write such HQL ? All ids are Long type . I've tried a lot of join / inner-join combinations , but all in vain.. -- updated : Sorry , forget to mention : Car has many CarProblem Problem has many CarProblem Car and Problem are not directly connected in Java Object. -- update , java code below -- @Entity public class Car extends Model{ @OneToMany(mappedBy="car" , cascade=CascadeType.ALL) public Set<CarProblem> carProblems; } @Entity public class CarProblem extends Model{ @ManyToOne public Car car; @ManyToOne public Problem problem; ... other properties } @Entity public class Problem extends Model { other properties ... // not link to CarProblem , It seems not related to this problem // **This is a very stupid query , I want to get rid of it ...** public List<Car> findCars() { List<CarProblem> list = CarProblem.find("from CarProblem as cp where cp.problem.id = ? ", id).fetch(); Set<Car> result = new HashSet<Car>(); for(CarProblem cp : list) result.add(cp.car); return new ArrayList<Car>(result); } } The Model is from Play! framework , so these properties are all public .

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• Where should I put validation code?

  - by D Lawson

  I'm creating interfaces and abstract classes that represent a messaging framework for short text-based messages like SMS, email, twitter, xml, etc.. and I was wondering where I should put the message validation code. The thing is that I am only writing the superclasses and interfaces, so I'm not putting the actual implementation in, I'll just put the hooks in that allow others to validate the content of the messages. The way I see it, I could do it several ways: in the abstract superclass "Message", have an abstract method 'isValid'. A variation on this would be to have isValid be called when the Message constructor is called, throwing a MalformedMessageException if the message is formatted incorrectly. in the transport layer, immediately before sending, validate the message. I would have a send(Message) method that calls an isValid(Message) method immediately before it sends. have a singleton message validator with a static method isValid(Message) that is called at some point. I'm sure there are other options that I'm missing. Currently, I'm leaning towards the first one, but it doesn't feel right to me to have validation code in what should be a domain object.

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• Why is Excel's 'Evaluate' method a general expression evaluator?

  - by jtolle

  A few questions have come up recently involving the Application.Evaluate method callable from Excel VBA. The old XLM macro language also exposes an EVALUATE() function. Both can be quite useful. Does anyone know why the evaluator that is exposed can handle general expressions, though? My own hunch is that Excel needed to give people a way to get ranges from string addresses, and to get the value of named formulas, and just opening a portal to the expression evaluator was the easiest way. (The help for the VBA version does say its purpose it to "convert a Microsoft Excel name to an object or a value".) But of course you don't need the ability to evaluate arbitrary expressions just to do that. (That is, Excel could provide a Name.Evaluate method or something instead.) Application.Evaluate seems kind of...unfinished. It's full behavior isn't very well documented, and there are quite a few quirks and limitations (as described by Charles Williams here: http://www.decisionmodels.com/calcsecretsh.htm) with what is exposed. I suppose the answer could be simply "why not expose it?", but I'd be interested to know what design decisions led to this feature taking the form that it does. Failing that, I'd be interested to hear other hunches.

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• Exemplars of large document-centric applications with COM/XPCOM/.NET interfaces.

  - by Warren P

  I am looking for exemplars (design examples) showing the use of interfaces (aka 'protocols' for you smalltalkers) to design a document management architecture in a large Word Processor, Spreadsheet, vector graphic or publishing package, or office-productivity (non-database) application with support for as many of the following as possible: any open source project, will be ideal, and language of implementation is unimportant since I am looking for design examples, however an object oriented language with support for "interfaces" is a must. I know at least a dozen languages, and I'm willing to study any application's source. use of "interface" could loosely be applied to either XPCOM or COM interfaces, or .NET interfaces, or even the use of pure-virtual (virtual+abstract) base-classes for OOP languages that lack the ability to declare an interface distinct from a class. I am mostly looking for a robust, thorough and flexible implementation for a document, IDocument, various document views (IDocumentView), and whatever operations make sense in that case. I am particular interested in cases where the product in question is a real-world product. For example, if anybody familiar with OpenOffice can tell me if the code contains a good sample design. I am looking for design documentation that outlines the design of the interfaces for such an application. So for example, if the openoffice spreadsheet has such an interface design, then that might be the best case, because it is a widely used real-world design, with millions of users, rather than a textbook example, which is minimal, and contrived. I know that the Mozilla platform uses XPCOM, and its design is heavily "interface" oriented, but I am looking more for a "word processor" or "spreadsheet" type of document design, rather than a web-browser. I am particularly interested in the interfaces used to access to data and meta-data such as markup (attributes like bold, and italics, and font size), and the ability to search and look up named entities within a document.

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• Why doesn't `stdin.read()` read entire buffer?

  - by Shookie

  I've got the following code: def get_input(self): """ Reads command from stdin, returns its JSON form """ json_string = sys.stdin.read() print("json string is: "+json_string) json_data =json.loads(json_string) return json_data It reads a json string that was sent to it from another process. The json is read from stdin. For some reason I get the following output: json string is: <Some json here> json string is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Matan/Documents/workspace/ProjectSH/addonmanager/addon_manager.py", line 63, in <module> manager.accept_commands() File "/Users/Matan/Documents/workspace/ProjectSH/addonmanager/addon_manager.py", line 49, in accept_commands json_data = self.get_input() File "/Users/Matan/Documents/workspace/ProjectSH/addonmanager/addon_manager.py", line 42, in get_input json_data =json.loads(json_string) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.py", line 338, in loads return _default_decoder.decode(s) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 365, in decode obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end()) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 383, in raw_decode raise ValueError("No JSON object could be decoded") So for some reason it reads an empty string from stdin instead of reading only the json. I've checked, and the code that writes to this process's stdin writes to it only once. What's wrong here?

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