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  • Learning to think in the Object Oriented Way

    - by SpikETidE
    Hi Everyone.... I am a programmer trying to learn to code in the object oriented paradigm... I mainly work with PHP and i thought of learning the zend framework... So, felt I need to learn to code in OO PHP.... The problem is, having done code using functions for quite a long time, i just can't get my head to think in the OO way.... Also felt that probably I am not the only one facing this problem since the beginning of time... So, how did you people learn object oriented programming... especially how did you succeed in "unlearning" to code using functions... and learn to see you code as objects...? Is there any good resource books or sites where one could find help...?? Thanks for sharing your knowledge and experiences...

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  • Connecting slots and events in PyQt4 in a loop

    - by LukaD
    Im trying to build a calculator with PyQt4 and connecting the 'clicked()' signals from the buttons doesn't as expected. Im creating my buttons for the numbers inside a for loop where i try to connect them afterwards. def __init__(self): for i in range(0,10): self._numberButtons += [QPushButton(str(i), self)] self.connect(self._numberButtons[i], SIGNAL('clicked()'), lambda : self._number(i)) def _number(self, x): print(x) When I click on the buttons all of them print out '9'. Why is that so and how can i fix this?

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  • Compare values in each column of two Oracle Types

    - by colinjameswebb
    I've been playing around with the pluto-test-framework today, and I'd like to get some existing functions into a test harness with it. I have lots of functions with this type of specification. FUNCTION DO_SOME_STUFF (pOldSchedule IN SCHEDULE_OBJ, pNewSchedule OUT SCHEDULE_OBJ, pLoggerContext IN OUT LOGGER_CONTEXT_OBJ) RETURN NUMBER; It takes pOldSchedule, does some stuff to it, and then returns pNewSchedule. The logger_context just does logging. As part of a test, I'd like to be able to compare the values in each of the columns of the type, without having to write individual IF statements. It'll need to return boolean to signify whether or not pOldSchedule and pNewSchedule match. Any ideas?

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  • Can pydoc/help hide the documentation for inherited class methods and attributes?

    - by EOL
    When declaring a class that inherits from a specific class: class C(dict): added_attribute = 0 the documentation for C lists all the methods of dict (either through help(C) or pydoc). Is there a way to hide the inherited methods from the automatically generated documentation (the documentation string can refer to the base class, for non-overwritten methods)? This would be useful: pydoc lists the functions defined in a module after its classes. Thus, when the classes have a very long documentation, a lot of less than useful information is printed before the new functions provided by the module are presented, which makes the documentation harder to exploit (you have to skip all the documentation for the inherited methods until you reach something specific to the module being documented).

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  • Outputting variable values in x86?

    - by Airjoe
    Hello All- I'm working on a homework assignment in x86 and it isn't working as I expect (surprise surprise!). I'd like to be able to output values of variables in x86 functions to ensure that the values are what I expect them to be. Is there a simple way to do this, or is it very complex? For what it's worth, the x86 functions are being used by a C file and compiled with gcc, so if that makes it simpler that is how I'm going about it. Thanks for the help.

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  • extract/slice/reorder lists in (emacs) lisp?

    - by Stephen
    In python, you might do something like i = (0, 3, 2) x = [x+1 for x in range(0,5)] operator.itemgetter(*i)(x) to get (1, 4, 3). In (emacs) lisp, I wrote this function called extract which does something similar, (defun extract (elems seq) (mapcar (lambda (x) (nth x seq)) elems)) (extract '(0 3 2) (number-sequence 1 5)) but I feel like there should be something built in? All I know is first, last, rest, nth, car, cdr... What's the way to go? ~ Thanks in advance ~

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  • BDD / TDD with JSpec - Removing code duplication

    - by Chetan
    How do I refactor to remove the code duplication in this spec: describe 'TestPlugins' describe '.MovieScanner(document)' before_each MoviePage_loggedIn = fixture("movie_logged_in.html") // Get logged-in movie page MoviePage_notloggedIn = fixture("movie_not_logged_in.html") // Get non logged-in movie page scanner = new MovieScanner() // Get movie scanner end it 'should scan logged-in movie page for movie data' doc = MoviePage_loggedIn // Get document to scan // Unit Tests // ------------------------------------------------------------ // Test movie scanner's functions scanner.getMovieTitle(doc).should.eql "The Jacket" scanner.getMovieYear(doc).should.eql "2005" // Test movie scanner's main scan function scannedData = scanner.scan(doc) scannedData.title.should.eql "The Jacket" scannedData.year.should.eql "2005" end it 'should scan non logged-in movie page for movie data' doc = MoviePage_notloggedIn // Get document to scan // Unit Tests // ------------------------------------------------------------ // Test movie scanner's functions scanner.getMovieTitle(doc).should.eql "The Jacket" scanner.getMovieYear(doc).should.eql "2005" // Test movie scanner's main scan function scannedData = scanner.scan(doc) scannedData.title.should.eql "The Jacket" scannedData.year.should.eql "2005" end end end

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  • Fast parsing of PHP in C#

    - by Jessica Shea
    Hello there, I've got a requirement for parsing PHP files in C#. We essentially require some of the devs in another country to upload PHP files and once uploaded we need to check the php files and get a list of all the methods and classes/functions etc. I thought of using a regex but I can't workout if a function belongs to a class etc, so I was wondering if theres already something 'out there' that will parse out PHP files and spit out its functions (I'm trying to avoid writing a full blow AST implementation). Does anyone have any idea? I looked at Coco/R but I couldn't find a PHP grammar file. I'm using .NET 2.0 and C#.

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  • is this a simple monad example?

    - by zcaudate
    This is my attempt to grok monadic functions after watching http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/Brian-Beckman-Dont-fear-the-Monads. h uses bind to compose together two arbitrary functions f and g. What is the unit operator in this case? ;; f :: int - [str] ;; g :: str = [keyword] ;; bind :: [str] - (str - [keyword]) - [keyword] ;; h :: int - [keyword] (defn f [v] (map str (range v))) (defn g [s] (map keyword (repeat 4 s))) (defn bind [l f] (flatten (map f l))) (f 8) ;; = (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (g "s") ;; = (:s :s :s :s) (defn h [v] (bind (f v) g)) (h 9) ;; = (:0 :0 :0 :0 :1 :1 :1 :1 :2 :2 :2 :2 :3 :3 :3 :3 :4 :4 :4 :4 :5 :5 :5 :5)

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  • What's the purpose of having a separate "operator new[]" ?

    - by sharptooth
    Looks like operator new and operator new[] have exactly the same signature: void* operator new( size_t size ); void* operator new[]( size_t size ); and do exactly the same: either return a pointer to a big enough block of raw (not initialized in any way) memory or throw an exception. Also operator new is called internally when I create an object with new and operator new[] - when I create an array of objects with new[]. Still the above two special functions are called by C++ internally in exactly the same manner and I don't se how the two calls can have different meanings. What's the purpose of having two different functions with exactly the same signatures and exactly the same behavior?

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  • Singletons and other design issues

    - by Ahmed Saleh
    I have worked using different languages like C++/Java and currently AS3. Most applications were computer vision, and small 2D computer games. Most companies that I have worked for, they use Singletons in a language like AS3, to retrieve elements or classes in an easy way. Their problem is basically they needs some variables or to call other functions from other classes. In a language like AS3, there is no private constructor, and they write a hacky code to prevent new instances. In Java and C++ I also faced the situation that I need to use other classe's members or to call their functions in different classes. The question is, is there a better or another design, to let other classes interact with each others without using singletons? I feel that composition is the answer, but I need more detailed solutions or design suggestions.

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  • Log with timestamps that have millisecond accuracy & resolution in Windows C++

    - by Psychic
    I'm aware that for timing accuracy, functions like timeGetTime, timeBeginPeriod, QueryPerformanceCounter etc are great, giving both good resolution & accuracy, but only based on time-since-boot, with no direct link to clock time. However, I don't want to time events as such. I want to be able to produce an exact timestamp (local time) so that I can display it in a log file, eg 31-12-2010 12:38:35.345, for each entry made. (I need the millisecond accuracy) The standard Windows time functions, like GetLocalTime, whilst they give millisecond values, don't have millisecond resolution, depending on the OS running. I'm using XP, so I can't expect much better than about a 15ms resolution. What I need is a way to get the best of both worlds, without creating a large overhead to get the required output. Overly large methods/calculations would mean that the logger would start to eat up too much time during its operation. What would be the best/simplest way to do this?

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  • Handling missing/incomplete data in R

    - by doug
    As you would expect from a DSL aimed at data analysts, R handles missing/incomplete data very well, for instance: Many R functions have an 'na.rm' flag that you can set to 'T' to remove the NAs, but if you want to deal with this before the function call, then: to replace each 'NA' w/ 0: ifelse(is.na(vx), 0, vx) to remove each 'NA': vx = vx[!is.na(a)] to remove entire each row that contains 'NA' from a data frame: dfx = dfx[complete.cases(dfx),] All of these functions remove 'NA' or rows with an 'NA' in them. Sometimes this isn't quite what you want though--making an 'NA'-excised copy of the data frame might be necessary for the next step in the workflow but in subsequent steps you often want those rows back (e.g., to calculate a column-wise statistic for a column that has missing rows caused by a prior call to 'complete cases' yet that column has no 'NA' values in it). to be as clear as possible about what i'm looking for: python/numpy has a class, 'masked array', with a 'mask' method, which lets you conceal--but not remove--NAs during a function call. Is there an analogous function in R?

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  • JavaScript array to PHP array then process in PHP and return

    - by Constructor
    Example: javascript: var mycourses=new Array(); mycourses[0]="History"; mycourses[1]="Math"; mycourses[1][0]="Introduction to math"; mycourses[1][1]="Math 2"; mycourses[1][2]="Math 3"; PHP will then run these values through functions (please note values are mostly not strings as in the example above but rather numbers), the functions will return some text which will than be displayed in a form How should I go about doing this? p.s.: I found some similar stuff, but nothing quite like this... as far as I see I will have to use JSON (is there a way to code it from JS automatically - saw this for strings) and AJAX

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  • How can I improve the recursion capabilities of my ECMAScript implementation?

    - by ChaosPandion
    After some resent tests I have found my implementation cannot handle very much recursion. Although after I ran a few tests in Firefox I found that this may be more common than I originally thought. I believe the basic problem is that my implementation requires 3 calls to make a function call. The first call is made to a method named Call that makes sure the call is being made to a callable object and gets the value of any arguments that are references. The second call is made to a method named Call which is defined in the ICallable interface. This method creates the new execution context and builds the lambda expression if it has not been created. The final call is made to the lambda that the function object encapsulates. Clearly making a function call is quite heavy but I am sure that with a little bit of tweaking I can make recursion a viable tool when using this implementation. public static object Call(ExecutionContext context, object value, object[] args) { var func = Reference.GetValue(value) as ICallable; if (func == null) { throw new TypeException(); } if (args != null && args.Length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = Reference.GetValue(args[i]); } } var reference = value as Reference; if (reference != null) { if (reference.IsProperty) { return func.Call(reference.Value, args); } else { return func.Call(((EnviromentRecord)reference.Value).ImplicitThisValue(), args); } } return func.Call(Undefined.Value, args); } public object Call(object thisObject, object[] arguments) { var lexicalEnviroment = Scope.NewDeclarativeEnviroment(); var variableEnviroment = Scope.NewDeclarativeEnviroment(); var thisBinding = thisObject ?? Engine.GlobalEnviroment.GlobalObject; var newContext = new ExecutionContext(Engine, lexicalEnviroment, variableEnviroment, thisBinding); Engine.EnterContext(newContext); var result = Function.Value(newContext, arguments); Engine.LeaveContext(); return result; }

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  • Visual Studio 2008 profiler analysis - missing time

    - by Scott Vercuski
    I ran the Visual Studio 2008 profiler against my ASP.NET application and came up with the following result set. CURRENT FUNCTION TIME (msec) ---------------------------------------------------|-------------- Data.GetItem(params) | 10,158.12 ---------------------------------------------------|-------------- Functions that were called by Data.GetItem(params) TIME (msec) ---------------------------------------------------|-------------- Model.GetSubItem(params) | 0.83 Model.GetSubItem2(params) | 0.77 Model.GetSubItem3(params) | 0.76 etc. The issue I'm facing is that the sum of the Functions called by Data.GetItem(params) do not sum up to the 10,158.12 msec total. This would lead me to believe that the bulk of the time is actually spent executing the code within that method. My question is ... does Visual Studio provide a way to analyze the method itself so I can see which sections of code are taking the longest? if it does not are there any recommended tools to do this? or should I start writing my own timing scripts? Thank you

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  • iPhone noob - different method types?

    - by codemonkey
    My apologies in advance for what is probably a really dumb question. I'm familiar (or at least getting familiar) with instance and class methods in objective-c, but have also seen method implementations that look like this: #import "Utilities.h" #import "CHAPPAppDelegate.h" #import "AppState.h" @implementation Utilities CHAPPAppDelegate* GetAppDelegate() { return (CHAPPAppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate; } AppState* GetAppState() { return [GetAppDelegate() appState]; } @end What are these? While I'm sure this is documented somewhere, I don't know what term to use in searching for an explanation of what's being done here. I like the syntax methods like this let me use when calling them, but I'm not sure exactly what I'm doing, what the implications are, how to send parameters to these types of functions, etc? To clarify how I ended up in this position, I started using these methods in a "utilities" class of mine after reading some online blog describing the author's preference for declaring these functions this way. Now I can't seem to track down a more detailed explanation of what exactly the differences are, etc.

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  • Javascript: Passing large objects or strings between function considered a bad practice

    - by Mr. Smee
    Is it considered a bad practice to pass around a large string or object (lets say from an ajax response) between functions? Would it be beneficial in any way save the response in a variable and keep reusing that variable? So in the code it would be something like this: var response; $.post(url, function(resp){ response = resp; }) function doSomething() { // do something with the response here } vs $.post(url, function(resp){ doSomething(resp); }) function doSomething(resp) { // do something with the resp here } Assume resp is a large object or string and it can be passed around between multiple functions.

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  • overwrite existing entity via bulkloader.Loader

    - by Ray Yun
    I was going to CSV based export/import for large data with app engine. My idea was just simple. First column of CSV would be key of entity. If it's not empty, that row means existing entity and should overwrite old one. Else, that row is new entity and should create new one. I could export key of entity by adding key property. class FrontExporter(bulkloader.Exporter): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Exporter.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('__key__', str, None), ('name', str, None), ]) But when I was trying to upload CSV, it had failed because bulkloader.Loader.generate_key() was just for "key_name" not "key" itself. That means all exported entities in CSV should have unique 'key_name' if I want to modify-and-reupload them. class FrontLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('_UNUSED', lambda x: None), ('name', lambda x: x.decode('utf-8')), ]) def generate_key(self,i,values): # first column is key keystr = values[0] if len(keystr)==0: return None return keystr I also tried to load key directly without using generate_key(), but both failed. class FrontLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('Key', db.Key), # not working. just create new one. ('__key__', db.Key), # same... So, how can I overwrite existing entity which has no 'key_name'? It would be horrible if I should give unique name to all entities..... From the first answer, I could handle this problem. :) def create_entity(self, values, key_name=None, parent=None): # if key_name is None: # print 'key_name is None' # else: # print 'key_name=<',key_name,'> : length=',len(key_name) Validate(values, (list, tuple)) assert len(values) == len(self._Loader__properties), ( 'Expected %d columns, found %d.' % (len(self._Loader__properties), len(values))) model_class = GetImplementationClass(self.kind) properties = { 'key_name': key_name, 'parent': parent, } for (name, converter), val in zip(self._Loader__properties, values): if converter is bool and val.lower() in ('0', 'false', 'no'): val = False properties[name] = converter(val) if key_name is None: entity = model_class(**properties) #print 'create new one' else: entity = model_class.get(key_name) for key, value in properties.items(): setattr(entity, key, value) #print 'overwrite old one' entities = self.handle_entity(entity) if entities: if not isinstance(entities, (list, tuple)): entities = [entities] for entity in entities: if not isinstance(entity, db.Model): raise TypeError('Expected a db.Model, received %s (a %s).' % (entity, entity.__class__)) return entities def generate_key(self,i,values): # first column is key if values[0] is None or values[0] in ('',' ','-','.'): return None return values[0]

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  • (Pathinfo vs fnmatch part 2) Speed benchmark reversed on Windows and Mac

    - by zaf
    On a previous question the pathinfo and fnmatch functions were benchmarked and the answers all came out opposite to my benchmark results. You can read the different results with the benchmark code here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2693428/pathinfo-vs-fnmatch I couldn't work it out until I ran the same code on a machine running vista. The results then matched the other users. My main machine is a mac. So, my questions are: Why do we get these two different results? Could this apply to other functions?

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  • Python list as *args?

    - by Cap
    I have two Python functions, both of which take variable arguments in their function definitions. To give a simple example: def func1(*args): for arg in args: print arg def func2(*args): return [2 * arg for arg in args] I'd like to compose them -- as in func1(func2(3, 4, 5)) -- but I don't want args in func1 to be ([6, 7, 8],), I want it to be (6, 7, 8), as if it was called as func1(6, 7, 8) rather than func1([6, 7, 8]). Normally, I would just use func1(*func2(3, 4, 5)) or have func1 check to see if args[0] was a list. Unfortunately, I can't use the first solution in this particular instance and to apply the second would require doing such a check in many places (there are a lot of functions in the role of func1). Does anybody have an idea how to do this? I imagine some sort of introspection could be used, but I could be wrong.

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  • Jquery Delay Function Calls

    - by fizgig07
    I'm trying to find a way to delay all code that takes place after I make a service call. The reason for this delay is that my service returns code necesarry for the following functions and the result I pass is to these following functions is undefined. I have tried attaching the setTimeout() to the function that is called directly after the service call, but then it just skips the function I set the timeout on and jumps to the next function...My web method that I am calling is not that big and is not doing anything that is too intensive public bool GetSpreadsheetStatusForAdmin(string cacId) { SpreadSheetStatus result = new SpreadSheetStatus(); List<Data.Spreadsheet> spreadsheets = SpreadsheetManager.GetUserSpreadsheets(GetCurrent.Identity); if (spreadsheets.Count != 0) { foreach (Data.Spreadsheet spreadsheet in spreadsheets) { if (spreadsheet.Status == SpreadsheetStatus.Pending) { return true; } } } return false; } I had found the delay() and thought that might work, but I don't have jquery 1.4 and can't use it as of yet. is there anything that can help..?

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  • Creating an enum/class from a Database Table

    - by Mark
    I have a database table that essentially contains different types of things. I'll use animals as an example. I have a table called AnimalTypes: AnimalTypes { ID:int, Name:string } I then populate it with: 1:Dog, 2:Cat, 3:Fish I would like to then have some sort of C# object created that functions similar to this enum be entirely read from the database: enum AnimalTypes { Dog = 1, Cat = 2, Fish = 3 } Is there a way to create an enum/class from a database table as described? I basically want to be able to reference things in the AnimalTypes table using intellisense and AnimalTypes.Dog as an example; I don't actually need an enum, just something that kind of functions like one. Is this possible? Edit: I'm not really that thrilled about generating a DLL as I've seen in other related problems. I feel like this should be possible with reflection.

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  • Class template specializations with shared functionality

    - by Thomas
    I'm writing a simple maths library with a template vector type: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector { public: Vector<T, N> &operator+=(Vector<T, N> const &other); // ... more operators, functions ... }; Now I want some additional functionality specifically for some of these. Let's say I want functions x() and y() on Vector<T, 2> to access particular coordinates. I could create a partial specialization for this: template<typename T> class Vector<T, 3> { public: Vector<T, 3> &operator+=(Vector<T, 3> const &other); // ... and again all the operators and functions ... T x() const; T y() const; }; But now I'm repeating everything that already existed in the generic template. I could also use inheritance. Renaming the generic template to VectorBase, I could do this: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector : public VectorBase<T, N> { }; template<typename T> class Vector<T, 3> : public VectorBase<T, 3> { public: T x() const; T y() const; }; However, now the problem is that all operators are defined on VectorBase, so they return VectorBase instances. These cannot be assigned to Vector variables: Vector<float, 3> v; Vector<float, 3> w; w = 5 * v; // error: no conversion from VectorBase<float, 3> to Vector<float, 3> I could give Vector an implicit conversion constructor to make this possible: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector : public VectorBase<T, N> { public: Vector(VectorBase<T, N> const &other); }; However, now I'm converting from Vector to VectorBase and back again. Even though the types are the same in memory, and the compiler might optimize all this away, it feels clunky and I don't really like to have potential run-time overhead for what is essentially a compile-time problem. Is there any other way to solve this?

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  • RegEx (or other) parsing of script

    - by jpmyob
    RegEx is powerful - it is tru but I have a little - query for you I want to parse out the FUNCTIONS from some old code in JS...however - I am RegEx handicapped (mentally deficient in grasping the subtleties).. the issue that makes me NOT EVEN TRY - is two fold - 1) myVar = function(x){ yadda yadda } AND function myVar(x) { yadda yadda } are found throuout - COLD I write a parser for each? sure - but that seems inefficient... 2) MANY things may reside INSIDE the {} including OTHER sets of {} or other Functions(){} block of text... HELP - does anyone have, or know of some code parsing snippets or examples that will parse out the info I want to collect? Thanks

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