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• ESXi 4.0 - cannot copy files

  - by Peter

  I am unable to copy files or make directories on my installation of VMWare ESXi 4.0. I have done so in the past (copied an iso onto a datastore). But something has changed and I have no idea what. I cannot copy using the datastore browser (get a dialog saying "Expected a PUT_FILE_DONE message. Got SESSION_COMPLETE"). I cannot create a directory through datastore browser (get a dialog saying "Cannot complete file creation operation"). When I ssh to the ESXi server I cannot create files or folders under /vmfs/volumes. But I can manipulate files elswhere (including /vmfs). Here are the permissions for the directories (I am logged in as root). ~ # ls -lh /vmfs/volumes/ drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1.2k Sep 3 12:19 4a76f260-36b7eb85-c3b3-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 4a76f261-d6190a9e-3b89-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1.4k Sep 22 10:38 4a76f262-4ac21f0a-6bc1-0024e8314929 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor1 - c42ce27f-eb8d7f70-7f70-0e7a85e8edc4 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor2 - bbf1477b-4aec1d8c-caa5-5e8720bebd85 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor3 - efd8efe3-03bc1cbf-15e0-080efd9e7379 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 bbf1477b-4aec1d8c-caa5-5e8720bebd85 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 c42ce27f-eb8d7f70-7f70-0e7a85e8edc4 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 datastore1 - 4a76f260-36b7eb85-c3b3-0024e8314929 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 datastore2 - 4a76f262-4ac21f0a-6bc1-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 efd8efe3-03bc1cbf-15e0-080efd9e7379 ~ # touch /vmfs/foo.txt ~ # touch /vmfs/volumes/foo.txt touch: /vmfs/volumes/foo.txt: Operation not permitted I've googled and found nothing helpful. Does anyone out there have an idea as to what is going on? Thanks in Advance. Pete.

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• ESXi 4.0 - cannot copy files

  - by user21368

  I am unable to copy files or make directories on my installation of VMWare ESXi 4.0. I have done so in the past (copied an iso onto a datastore). But something has changed and I have no idea what. I cannot copy using the datastore browser (get a dialog saying "Expected a PUT_FILE_DONE message. Got SESSION_COMPLETE"). I cannot create a directory through datastore browser (get a dialog saying "Cannot complete file creation operation"). When I ssh to the ESXi server I cannot create files or folders under /vmfs/volumes. But I can manipulate files elswhere (including /vmfs). Here are the permissions for the directories (I am logged in as root). ~ # ls -lh /vmfs/volumes/ drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1.2k Sep 3 12:19 4a76f260-36b7eb85-c3b3-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 4a76f261-d6190a9e-3b89-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1.4k Sep 22 10:38 4a76f262-4ac21f0a-6bc1-0024e8314929 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor1 - c42ce27f-eb8d7f70-7f70-0e7a85e8edc4 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor2 - bbf1477b-4aec1d8c-caa5-5e8720bebd85 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 Hypervisor3 - efd8efe3-03bc1cbf-15e0-080efd9e7379 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 bbf1477b-4aec1d8c-caa5-5e8720bebd85 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 c42ce27f-eb8d7f70-7f70-0e7a85e8edc4 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 datastore1 - 4a76f260-36b7eb85-c3b3-0024e8314929 l--------- 0 root root 1.9k Jan 1 1970 datastore2 - 4a76f262-4ac21f0a-6bc1-0024e8314929 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 efd8efe3-03bc1cbf-15e0-080efd9e7379 ~ # touch /vmfs/foo.txt ~ # touch /vmfs/volumes/foo.txt touch: /vmfs/volumes/foo.txt: Operation not permitted I've googled and found nothing helpful. Does anyone out there have an idea as to what is going on? Thanks in Advance. Pete.

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• htaccess redirect from subdomain to root

  - by Erin

  I'm hosting several domains on one account, and I currently have a RewriteRule set to redirect the root url (www.root.com) to a subdirectory (/public_html/root/). However, I have few directories in the root (/public_html/xyz/) that I would like to access from the root url (www.root.com/xyz). Is this possible to write a redirect for this, or do I have to place these folder in the /public_html/root/ directory? This is what I have for the .htaccess RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www.)?root.com$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/root/ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www.)?hamiltonmehta.com$ RewriteRule ^(/)?$ hamiltonmehta/index.php [L] Thanks in advance!

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• 3 simple questions about file permissions

  - by Camran

  1- Wonder, is this a good setup of permissions in the /var directory? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-05-30 03:34 backups drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 cache drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 lib drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 local drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 60 2010-06-02 03:34 lock drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 2010-06-02 03:34 log drwxrwsr-x 2 root man 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 mail drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 opt drwxrwxrwt 12 root root 420 2010-06-02 12:12 run drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:37 spool drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 tmp drwxr-xr-x 14 user root 4096 2010-05-30 22:21 www 2- Could you give me a brief explanation of the columns above? First one is which permissions they have. Second is a nr. Third and fourth says "root root" for example. fifth is another nr (4096 for example). and the others are obvious. 3- Could you give me a brief explanation of the folders above? Especially the "lock" and "tmp" folders. Lock contains an apache2 folder which seems empty. Thanks

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• 301 redirect from "/index.html" to root if index.html not exist

  - by Andrij Muzychka

  Can I create 301 redirect from "index.html" to root directory if file "index.html" not exist? For example: link "http://example.com/index.html" show "404 Error" page. I need 301 redirect to root directory: "http://example.com/" in .htaccess I add rule: Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^.*/index.html RewriteRule ^(.*)index.html$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L] but it doesn't work. Can you help me solve this problem?

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• How to set Grub to automatically load Xen kernel

  - by Cerin

  How do you configure Grub to automatically use the Xen kernel under Ubuntu 11.10? No matter what I do, it loads the first menuentry. The only way I can get it to load Xen is to manually select the kernel, which I can't do if I have to reboot the server remotely, or there's a power failure and the machine automatically boots up when power's restored, etc. It's driving me nuts. In my /boot/grub/grub.cfg, the Xen kernel is at index 4 (i.e. it's the 5th menuentry). So I've tried: Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=4, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=saved and GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server", and running sudo update-grub None of these work. It continues to load the first menuentry, which is "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server". Below is my current /boot/grub/grub.cfg. What am I doing wrong? # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=2 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### submenu "Xen 4.1-amd64" { menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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• no sudo permissions to /etc/hostname

  - by Pagis

  When I try to edit my /etc/hostname file, using sudo nano /etc/hostname (or any other editor) I get the following: Error writing /etc/hostname: Permission denied I then tried: sudo chmod u+w ./hostname And got the error: chmod: changing permissions of `./hostname': Operation not permitted I get the same error trying to add write permissions to any use or group. This is what ls shows: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 2012-06-18 12:25 /etc/hostname Any idea why and what can I do about it? I'm running Ubuntu 11.10.

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• How to change root password for mysql and phpmyadmin

  - by Jon

  I've set up mysql and phpmyadmin and chose not to set a password when installing hoping that once set up i could login with root and no password but i get the following error from phpmyadmin Login without a password is forbidden by configuration (see AllowNoPassword) I have previously moved the phpmyadmin folder to /var/www/ I have tried changing the following line $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = false; to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true; but still had no success, so i am wondering is there a way i can change the root passwords for both so i can access phpmyadmin and create databases. Thanks

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• not able to login in ubuntu box with root password

  - by pankaj sharma

  i have ubuntu 10.04 on my sytem, i run command apt-get install csh on the system and try to change the shell by command chsh -s but now the prob is when i try to login the system by ssh i am not able to login by any user account except one and try to change the user su - root it is showing cannot execute c: no such file or directory and look in the /etc/passwd file for root account in shell field C is written in place of /bin/sh help me out to restore the settings

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• rsyslogd not monitoring all files

  - by Tom O'Connor

  So.. I've installed Logstash, and instead of using the logstash shipper (because it needs the JVM and is generally massive), I'm using rsyslogd with the following configuration. # Use traditional timestamp format $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat $IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf # Provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd) $ModLoad imklog # Provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command) $ModLoad imuxsock # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log In /etc/rsyslog.d/logstash.conf there are 28 file monitor blocks using imfile $ModLoad imfile # Load the imfile input module $ModLoad imklog # for reading kernel log messages $ModLoad imuxsock # for reading local syslog messages $InputFileName /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_err $InputFileTag rmq-err: $InputFileStateFile state-rmq-err $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... $InputFileName /var/log/some.other.custom.log $InputFileTag cust-log: $InputFileStateFile state-cust-log $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... *.* @@10.90.0.110:5514 There are 28 InputFileMonitor blocks, each monitoring a different custom application logfile.. If I run [root@secret-gm02 ~]# lsof|grep rsyslog rsyslogd 5380 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root txt REG 253,0 278976 1015955 /sbin/rsyslogd rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 58400 1868123 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 144776 1867778 /lib64/ld-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 1718232 1867780 /lib64/libc-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23360 1867787 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 145872 1867797 /lib64/libpthread-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 85544 1867815 /lib64/libz.so.1.2.3 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53448 1867801 /lib64/librt-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 92816 1868016 /lib64/libresolv-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20384 1867990 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnsd_ptcp.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53880 1867802 /lib64/libnss_files-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23736 1867800 /lib64/libnss_dns-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20768 1867988 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnet.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11488 1867982 /lib64/rsyslog/imfile.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 24040 1867983 /lib64/rsyslog/imklog.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11536 1867987 /lib64/rsyslog/imuxsock.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 13152 1867989 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnetstrms.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 8400 1867992 /lib64/rsyslog/lmtcpclt.so rsyslogd 5380 root 0r REG 0,3 0 4026531848 /proc/kmsg rsyslogd 5380 root 1u IPv4 1200589517 0t0 TCP 10.10.10.90 t:40629->10.10.10.90:5514 (ESTABLISHED) rsyslogd 5380 root 2u IPv4 1200589527 0t0 UDP *:45801 rsyslogd 5380 root 3w REG 253,3 17999744 2621483 /var/log/messages rsyslogd 5380 root 4w REG 253,3 13383 2621484 /var/log/secure rsyslogd 5380 root 5w REG 253,3 7180 2621493 /var/log/maillog rsyslogd 5380 root 6w REG 253,3 43321 2621529 /var/log/cron rsyslogd 5380 root 7w REG 253,3 0 2621494 /var/log/spooler rsyslogd 5380 root 8w REG 253,3 0 2621495 /var/log/boot.log rsyslogd 5380 root 9r REG 253,3 1064271998 2621464 /var/log/custom-application.monolog.log rsyslogd 5380 root 10u unix 0xffff81081fad2e40 0t0 1200589511 /dev/log You can see that there are nowhere near 28 logfiles actually being read. I really had to get one file monitored, so I moved it to the top, and it picked it up, but I'd like to be able to monitor all 28+ files, and not have to worry. OS is Centos 5.5 Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 rsyslogd 3.22.1, compiled with: FEATURE_REGEXP: Yes FEATURE_LARGEFILE: Yes FEATURE_NETZIP (message compression): Yes GSSAPI Kerberos 5 support: Yes FEATURE_DEBUG (debug build, slow code): No Atomic operations supported: Yes Runtime Instrumentation (slow code): No Questions: Why is rsyslogd only monitoring a very small subset of the files? How can I fix this so that all the files are monitored?

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• Why shouldn't root be allowed to login via ssh?

  - by Thomas

  Hi, why should root access be disabled for ssh? I always hear that's for security reasons. But I don't get it. What's different to login as non-root and then sudo su -? What's the preferred way to handle tasks that need privileged permissions? Thanks Thomas

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• What is the best practices for checking if the user of a Python script has root-like privileges?

  - by Paul Hoffman

  I have a Python script that will be doing a lot of things that would require root-level privileges, such as moving files in /etc, installing with apt-get, and so on. I currently have: if os.geteuid() != 0: exit("You need to have root privileges to run this script.\nPlease try again, this time using 'sudo'. Exiting.") Is this the best way to do the check? Are there other best practices?

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Can't install Parallels Tools on Debian 7.2.0

  - by jfm429

  (Parallels Desktop 9, latest version) As per instructions, I switch to root: $ su - root $ whoami root $ echo $EUID 0 and then execute the installer: $ cd /media/cdrom0 $ ./install and I get this error: sudo: unable to execute ./install: Permission denied What? I'm root! What's with this? I double check to make sure the execute bit is set: $ ls -lA | grep install$ -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 17284 Oct 25 09:22 install Yep. People online are saying that you need to drag the install script to the terminal after typing sudo. So I do that, and this command is what's formed: $ sudo '/media/cdrom0/install' sudo: unable to execute /media/cdrom0/install: Permission denied What's the solution here?

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• Set up a root server using Ubuntu and Virtualization

  - by Daniel Völkerts

  Hello, I'd like to setup a fresh root server and install a linux based virtualization on it. My thoughts are on: Intel VTs Hardware Ubuntu 9.10 KVM based virt. The access to the root server will only be SSH for Administration. Has anybody done this before, what was your glues discovered in the daily use? My requirements are: very secure, so the root server only has ssh to the dom-0 and minimalistic ports for the guest (e.g. http/s). good monitoring of host/guest (my idea is to using zabbix for it) easy and fast administration (how are the command line tools working for you? cryptiv? high learning curve?) I'm pleased to learn from your suggestions. Regards, Daniel Völkerts

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• many unknow process name as "sudo"

  - by joaner

  my server free memoney is less and less, And many process COMMAND are"sudo" when use top and enter M. I don't understand root user need to use "sudo". I want to know the way these processes are generated ? Can I kill ? Tasks: 185 total, 1 running, 184 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3967848k total, 3484196k used, 483652k free, 218532k buffers Swap: 4112376k total, 0k used, 4112376k free, 2932864k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22219 mysql 20 0 582m 67m 5492 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.75 mysqld 22337 daemon 20 0 327m 31m 3440 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.58 httpd 22252 daemon 20 0 321m 26m 3416 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.25 httpd 22263 daemon 20 0 319m 23m 3396 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.71 httpd 22253 daemon 20 0 310m 18m 3444 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.69 httpd 22251 root 20 0 28392 12m 3640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 httpd 2422 root 20 0 9192 3608 2184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 ssh 13613 root 20 0 38220 3572 1044 S 0.0 0.1 0:22.31 rsyslogd 2423 root 20 0 11556 3420 2692 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sshd 22570 root 20 0 11716 3408 2676 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 sshd 3351 root 20 0 10384 2540 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 30870 root 20 0 10384 2528 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 14356 dkim-mil 20 0 49664 2444 1468 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 dkim-filter 2085 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7741 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29838 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2006 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29747 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30602 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30935 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2259 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2503 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2515 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7718 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7745 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29845 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30172 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30352 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30548 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30598 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30897 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30899 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo

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• .bashrc doesn't get sourced after su'ing to root

  - by Ian Dunn

  I've got a CentOS 5.6 VPS and both root and my normal user account have identical copies of a .bashrc file in their home directories. The file contains a few basic aliases, etc. If I login to root, root's copy gets sourced. If I login to myuser, myuser's copy gets sourced If I su to root after logging into myuser, then all the aliases, etc inside myuser's copy get removed, and root's copy doesn't get sourced. If I then manually source root's copy, the command completes without any errors, but none of the aliases's etc get applied. I've searched Google and Server Fault, but haven't found any solutions. Does anyone know how to fix that?

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• Keeping multiple root directories in a single partition

  - by intuited

  I'm working out a partition scheme for a new install. I'd like to keep the root filesystem fairly small and static, so that I can use LVM snapshots to do backups without having to allocate a ton of space for the snapshot. However, I'd also like to keep the number of total partitions small. Even with LVM, there's inevitably some wasted space and it's still annoying and vaguely dangerous to allocate more. So there seem to be a couple of different options: Have the partition that will contain bulky, variable files, like /srv, /var, and /home, be the root partition, and arrange for the core system state — /etc, /usr, /lib, etc. — to live in a second partition. These files can (I think) be backed up using a different backup scheme, and I don't think LVM snapshots will be necessary for them. The opposite: putting the big variable directories on the second partition, and having the essential system directories live on the root FS. Either of these options require that certain directories be pointers of some variety to subdirectories of a second partition. I'm aware of two different ways to do this: symlinks and bind-mounts. Is one better than the other for this purpose? Is there another option? Do any of the various Ubuntu installation media/strategies support this style of partition layout?

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• Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block 0,0

  - by AlbertK

  I've read the following two solution: Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) kernel panic not syncing vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown block oo swapper not tainted ,but still got the same problem. Here's my full error code: [1.902269] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [1.902299] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu [1.902325] Call Trace: [1.902348] [<ffffffff81640ec8>] panic+0x91/0x1a4 [1.902373] [<ffffffff81cfc01e>] mount_block_root+0xdc/0x18e [1.902400] [<ffffffff81002930>] ? populate_rootfs_wait+0x300/0x9d0 [1.902426] [<ffffffff81cfc257>] mount_root+0x54/0x59 [1.902450] [<ffffffff81cfc3c9>] prepare_namespace+0x16d/0x1a6 [1.902476] [<ffffffff81cfbd63>] kernel_init+0x153/0x158 [1.902501] [<ffffffff81664034>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [1.902527] [<ffffffff81cfbc10>] ? start_kernel+0x3bd/0x3bd [1.902551] [<ffffffff81664030>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 I don't know what these error messages mean at all, but I hope that these will help to solve this problem I'm running Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks for any advice.

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• How to calculate square root in PHP [explained] [on hold]

  - by Enes Imsirovic

  At first code ! Don't forget embed the JQuery ! <html> <head> <title>Simple jQuery and PHP Square Root example</title> <script src="js/jquery-1.10.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $('#form').submit(function(){ var number = $('#number').val(); $.ajax({type:"post",url:"calculate.php",data:"number=" +number,success:function(msg){$('#result').hide(); $("#result").html("<h3>" + msg + "</h3>").fadeIn("slow"); } }); return false; }); }); </script> </head> <body> <form id="form" action="calculate.php" method="post"> Enter number: <input id="number" type="text" name="number" /> <input id="submit" type="submit" value="Calculate Square Root" name="submit"/> </form> <p id="result"></p> </body> </html> Second code witch would be connected with first : calculate.php <?php if($_POST['number']==null){ echo "Please Enter a Number"; }else { if (!is_numeric($_POST['number'])) { echo "Please enter only numbers"; }else{ echo "Square Root of " .$_POST['number'] ." is ".sqrt($_POST['number']); } } ?> Chiefly for begginers, to see the power of PHP :) xD Load this on your localhost.. PHP files and JS : https://mega.co.nz/#!Et8zWSBb!KX2PFxa2Pzw_l-wi6QU8xi_eKTlHbtQuBsT_DvXrifk At least it look like this : http://imgur.com/vNnDRQ3

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• Acceptable placement of the composition root using dependency injection and inversion of control containers

  - by Lumirris

  I've read in several sources including Mark Seemann's 'Ploeh' blog about how the appropriate placement of the composition root of an IoC container is as close as possible to the entry point of an application. In the .NET world, these applications seem to be commonly thought of as Web projects, WPF projects, console applications, things with a typical UI (read: not library projects). Is it really going against this sage advice to place the composition root at the entry point of a library project, when it represents the logical entry point of a group of library projects, and the client of a project group such as this is someone else's work, whose author can't or won't add the composition root to their project (a UI project or yet another library project, even)? I'm familiar with Ninject as an IoC container implementation, but I imagine many others work the same way in that they can scan for a module containing all the necessary binding configurations. This means I could put a binding module in its own library project to compile with my main library project's output, and if the client wanted to change the configuration (an unlikely scenario in my case), they could drop in a replacement dll to replace the library with the binding module. This seems to avoid the most common clients having to deal with dependency injection and composition roots at all, and would make for the cleanest API for the library project group. Yet this seems to fly in the face of conventional wisdom on the issue. Is it just that most of the advice out there makes the assumption that the developer has some coordination with the development of the UI project(s) as well, rather than my case, in which I'm just developing libraries for others to use?

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• Configuring permissions with Bastille

  - by Lucio

  I was using Bastille to improve the security of OS and I found the next question there I don't know if I should answer for YES or NOT: Questions: Would you like to set more restrictive permissions on the administration utilities? Explanation: In general, the default file permissions set by most vendors are fairly secure. To make them more secure, though, you can remove non-root user access to some administrator functions. If you choose this option, you'll be changing the permissions on some common system administration utilities so that they're not readable or executable by users other than root. These utilities (which include linuxconf, fsck, ipconfig, runlevel and portmap) are ones that most users could never have a need to access. This option will increase your system security, but there's a chance it will inconvenience your users. My users: When I installed Ubuntu I had create a user (admin), then I was able to create another user (people) but I cannot change the permissions of this user. Questions: The user there I am using like admin it's not the root, right? The effects of this option will affect to the two users (admin & people) or just to people?

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• Running a Screen instance of a program as non-root

  - by user288467

  I've got a dedicated server (Ubuntu 12.04, no GUI) set up to launch an instance of McMyAdmin and attach it to a screen instance every time I reboot the hardware. I have the command saved to root's crontab as: @reboot cd /var/MC_SVR && screen -dmS McMyAdmin ./MCMA2_Linux_x86_64 Problem being, though, I have a user set up specifically for FTP access to the server files so I don't always have to SSH into the machine. Since the server is being started as a root process, all the files it makes are, obviously, set with root as the owner. So I chown'd all the files and set them to ftpuser. Now I'm stuck with trying to get the process to start as ftpuser. I've tried doing the following but to no avail: cd /var/MC_SVR && su ftpuser - -c 'screen -dmS McMyAdmin ./MCMA2_Linux_x86_64' I try this in terminal and I get no errors or anything (in fact I never get anything unless it's a syntax error from su), but there's no screen instance to access and so I can assume the server never starts. So, what am I doing wrong? Or am I just not accessing the screen instance correctly since it's (supposed) to be launched by another user?

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• Issue with increasing the root partition from the swap

  - by user211761

  I have an issue with increase the size of my root partition. I have ElementaryOS Luna, and while installing it asked me how much space I want to use. I choosed 15 GB for it, because I want to use this as an alternative system. The issue is that after the installation was complete, I found out that my root partition is only 7 GB big, and SWAP is 8 GB which is useless cuz I have 8 GB of RAM. Now I want to shrink the swap and increase the size of my root partition, so I booted the LiveCD and used GParted. I shrinked the swap without any problems, but now I cant add that free space to any partition. I also turned Swap off. I would add a picture, but I need at least 10 reputation to post images ( Stupid ) Its also worth mentioning that in Gparted its showing my partition in a different way. I would post an image BUT I CANT, so I need to write it down. Its something like this [Pointing arrow down] /dev/sda4 Extended /dev/sda5 ntfs /dev/sda6 ext4 (Which is my main partition) /dev/sda7 linux-swap unallocated Picture:

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