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  • SQL SERVER – Summary of Month – Wait Type – Day 28 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    I am glad to announce that the month of Wait Types and Queues very successful. I am glad that it was very well received and there was great amount of participation from community. I am fortunate to have some of the excellent comments throughout the series. I want to dedicate this series to all the guest blogger – Jonathan, Jacob, Glenn, and Feodor for their kindness to take a participation in this series. Here is the complete list of the blog posts in this series. I enjoyed writing the series and I plan to continue writing similar series. Please offer your opinion. SQL SERVER – Introduction to Wait Stats and Wait Types – Wait Type – Day 1 of 28 SQL SERVER – Signal Wait Time Introduction with Simple Example – Wait Type – Day 2 of 28 SQL SERVER – DMV – sys.dm_os_wait_stats Explanation – Wait Type – Day 3 of 28 SQL SERVER – DMV – sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks and sys.dm_exec_requests – Wait Type – Day 4 of 28 SQL SERVER – Capturing Wait Types and Wait Stats Information at Interval – Wait Type – Day 5 of 28 SQL SERVER – CXPACKET – Parallelism – Usual Solution – Wait Type – Day 6 of 28 SQL SERVER – CXPACKET – Parallelism – Advanced Solution – Wait Type – Day 7 of 28 SQL SERVER – SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD – Wait Type – Day 8 of 28 SQL SERVER – PAGEIOLATCH_DT, PAGEIOLATCH_EX, PAGEIOLATCH_KP, PAGEIOLATCH_SH, PAGEIOLATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 9 of 28 SQL SERVER – IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 10 of 28 SQL SERVER – ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 11 of 28 SQL SERVER – PAGELATCH_DT, PAGELATCH_EX, PAGELATCH_KP, PAGELATCH_SH, PAGELATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 12 of 28 SQL SERVER – FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT – Full Text – Wait Type – Day 13 of 28 SQL SERVER – BACKUPIO, BACKUPBUFFER – Wait Type – Day 14 of 28 SQL SERVER – LCK_M_XXX – Wait Type – Day 15 of 28 SQL SERVER – Guest Post – Jonathan Kehayias – Wait Type – Day 16 of 28 SQL SERVER – WRITELOG – Wait Type – Day 17 of 28 SQL SERVER – LOGBUFFER – Wait Type – Day 18 of 28 SQL SERVER – PREEMPTIVE and Non-PREEMPTIVE – Wait Type – Day 19 of 28 SQL SERVER – MSQL_XP – Wait Type – Day 20 of 28 SQL SERVER – Guest Posts – Feodor Georgiev – The Context of Our Database Environment – Going Beyond the Internal SQL Server Waits – Wait Type – Day 21 of 28 SQL SERVER – Guest Post – Jacob Sebastian – Filestream – Wait Types – Wait Queues – Day 22 of 28 SQL SERVER – OLEDB – Link Server – Wait Type – Day 23 of 28 SQL SERVER – 2000 – DBCC SQLPERF(waitstats) – Wait Type – Day 24 of 28 SQL SERVER – 2011 – Wait Type – Day 25 of 28 SQL SERVER – Guest Post – Glenn Berry – Wait Type – Day 26 of 28 SQL SERVER – Best Reference – Wait Type – Day 27 of 28 SQL SERVER – Summary of Month – Wait Type – Day 28 of 28 Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, SQLServer, T SQL, Technology

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  • Should I switch my server to Ubuntu Server from Windows Server 2003

    - by user22162
    I have a server thats primarily used for SRCDS, I host a few Team Fortress 2 servers on it and I would much prefer a ssh-like (more so the no-gui part) for something like this, mostly because I can't navigate with my phone on VNC very well and also because there really is no need for a gui in this situation. I sort of want to make the switch but I am unsure, because my server 2003 is very fast and If I do need to reboot, it can reboot in under 30 seconds to desktop. Should I switch?

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  • SQLAuthority News – SQL SERVER 2008 R2 Pricing

    - by pinaldave
    I was recently asked question about SQL Server 2008 pricing. I have bookmarked official site here which lists the pricing. Official site: What’s New in SQL Server 2008 R2 Editions Editions Per Processor PricingRetail Per Server Plus CAL PricingRetail Parallel Data Warehouse $57,498 Not offered via Server CAL Datacenter $57,498 Not offered via Server CAL Enterprise $28,749 $13,969 with 25 CALs Standard $7,499 $1,849 with 5 CALs However, I have [...]

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  • Cumulative Updates for SQL Server 2005 SP3 and 2008 R2 are available

    - by AaronBertrand
    After releasing SQL Server 2005 SP4 on Friday (you can read more about it here ), the release services team did not hang up their hats for the Christmas holiday, but continued working on other releases. KB #2438344 : Cumulative update package 13 for SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 3 This brings your SQL Server 2005 SP3 build number to 9.00.4315 KB #2438347 : Cumulative Update package 5 for SQL Server 2008 R2 This brings your SQL Server 2008 R2 build number to 10.5.1753 NOTES: You will not be able to...(read more)

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  • Trace Flag 610 – When should you use it?

    - by simonsabin
    Thanks to Marcel van der Holst for providing this great information on the use of Trace Flag 610. This trace flag can be used to have minimal logging into a b tree (i.e. clustered table or an index on a heap) that already has data. It is a trace flag because in testing they found some scenarios where it didn’t perform as well. Marcel explains why below. “ TF610 can be used to get minimal logging in a non-empty B-Tree. The idea is that when you insert a large amount of data, you don't want to...(read more)

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  • Where to set permissions to all server for logon trigger on sql server 2005

    - by Jay
    I need to keep track of the last login time for each user in our SQL Server 2005 database. I created a trigger like this: CREATE TRIGGER LogonTimeStamp ON ALL SERVER FOR LOGON AS BEGIN IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM miscdb..user_last_login WHERE user_id = SYSTEM_USER) UPDATE miscdb..user_last_login SET last_login = GETDATE() WHERE user_id = SYSTEM_USER ELSE INSERT INTO miscdb..user_last_login (user_id,last_login) VALUES (SYSTEM_USER,GETDATE()) END; go This trigger works for servers that are system admins but it won't allow regular users to login. I have granted public select,insert and update to the table but that doesn't seem to be the issue. Is there a way to set permissions on the trigger? Is there something else I am missing? Thanks

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  • Logging in as the same user multiple times in Remote Desktop Windows Server 2008

    - by Little_Johnn
    Quick question: I have a situation where I need to let multiple people on different PCs log into one server 2008 machine as administrator simultaneously over remote desktop. I have the CALs for it, it's just not set up correctly. When one user tries to log in, it boots the other out. What I need is to present to them a different session, just each as logged in as admin. Sorry for the slightly rambling post, I'm new here. Thanks!

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  • Why Buy Hardrives with storage server from a vendor?

    - by Mark
    Hi all, Im just browsing around at storage server's like the Dell MD100/ MD3000 and the Sun J4200 and although the storage server seems reasonable (approx $3000-$4000 AUD) the hard-drives that you buy to go along with them seems exorbitantly expensive. And I'm not sure why. Surely at most they are using good quality RAID level 7200rpm SATA hdd, but even then they are still charging almost 4 times the price. What is the advantage to buying these from them. I can see if one fails then the vendor replacing it is convenient. But at that price you could buy double the amount of hdd and just claim on warranty directly with the manufacturer. It would be much cheaper and you wouldn't be relying on someone else to fix your problems. Is this the case of "you don't get fired if you buy IBM?" mentality or is there some reason I'm not grasping here? Cheers Mark

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  • Keeping an Eye on Your Storage

    - by Fatherjack
    There are plenty of resources that advise you about looking for signs that your storage hardware is having problems. SQL Server Alerts for 823, 824 and 825 are covered here by Paul Randall of SQL Skills: http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/a-little-known-sign-of-impending-doom-error-825/ and here by me: https://www.simple-talk.com/blogs/2011/06/27/alerts-are-good-arent-they/. Now until very recently I wasn’t aware that there was a different way to track the 823 + 824 errors. It was by complete chance that I happened to be searching about in the msdb database when I found the suspect_pages table. Running a query against it I got zero rows. This, as it turns out is a good thing. Highlighting the table name and pressing F1 got me nowhere – Is it just me or does Books Online fail to load properly for no obvious reason sometimes? So I typed the table name into the search bar and got my local version of http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174425.aspx. From that we get the following description: Contains one row per page that failed with a minor 823 error or an 824 error. Pages are listed in this table because they are suspected of being bad, but they might actually be fine. When a suspect page is repaired, its status is updated in the event_type column. So, in the table we would, on healthy hardware, expect to see zero rows but on disks that are having problems the event_type column would show us what is going on. Where there are suspect pages on the disk the rows would have an event_type value of 1, 2 or 3, where those suspect pages have been restored, repaired or deallocated by DBCC then the value would be 4, 5 or 7. Having this table means that we can set up SQL Monitor to check the status of our hardware as we can create a custom metric based on the query below: USE [msdb] go SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [dbo].[suspect_pages] AS sp All we need to do is set the metric to collect this value and set an alert to email when the value is not 1 and we are then able to let SQL Monitor take care of our storage. Note that the suspect_pages table does not have any updates concerning Error 825 which the links at the top of the page cover in more detail. I would suggest that you set SQL Monitor to alert on the suspect_pages table in addition to other taking other measures to look after your storage hardware and not have it as your only precaution. Microsoft actually pass ownership and administration of the suspect_pages table over to the database administrator (Manage the suspect_pages Table (SQL Server)) and in a surprising move (to me at least) advise DBAs to actively update and archive data in it. The table will only ever contain a maximum of 1000 rows and once full, new rows will not be added. Keeping an eye on this table is pretty important, although In my opinion, if you get to 1000 rows in this table and are not already waiting for new disks to be added to your server you are doing something wrong but if you have 1000 rows in there then you need to move data out quickly because you may be missing some important events on your server.

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  • Make huge space savings by using SPARSE columns

    - by simonsabin
    I’ve blogged before about Getting more than 1024 columns on a table , this is done by using sparse columns. Whilst this is potentially useful for people with insane table designs, sparse columns aren’t just for this. My experience over the past few years has shown that sparse columns are useful for almost all databases when you have columns that are largely null i.e. sparse. A recent client was able to reduce the size of the table by 60% by changing columns to sparse. The way this is achieved is...(read more)

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  • SQL Server 2008 R2 transactional replication over VPN

    - by enashnash
    I'm having difficulty setting up replication over a VPN. I have a SQL Server 2008 R2, Enterprise Edition database on a Windows 2008 R2 Server. SQL Server is running on a non-standard port. I have set it up so that it is acting as its own distributor and have configured a publisher on this server. It is set as an updatable transational publication (yes, this is necessary). On this server, I have Routing and Remote Access enabled in order to be able to establish VPN connections. It is configured with a static IP address pool, of which the first in the range is always assigned to the server. I have assigned a test user a static address within this range (I don't know if this is necessary or not). All clients will be 2008 R2 versions, but could be SQL Express or standalone developer instances of the full product. I can establish a VPN connection from the client without problems and can see that the correct IP addresses are allocated. After connecting to the database to test that I can establish a connection, I realised that I needed to be able to connect to the database using the server name rather than an IP address - required for replication - which wouldn't work initially. I created an entry in the hosts file for the server on the client using the NETBIOS name of the server, and now I can connect to the server, from the client, using the SERVER\INSTANCE, PORT syntax, over the VPN. As it is the default instance on the server, I can also connect with simply SERVER, PORT syntax. After all that, I still get the following dreaded error: SQL Server replication requires the actual server name to make a connection to the server. Connections through a server alias, IP address, or any other alternate name are not supported. Specify the actual server name, 'SERVER\INSTANCE'. (Replication.Utilities). What have I missed? How do I get this to work? TIA

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  • SQL SERVER – Replace a Column Name in Multiple Stored Procedure all together

    - by pinaldave
    I receive a lot of emails every day. I try to answer each and every email and comments on Facebook and Twitter. I prefer communication on social media as this gives opportunities to others to read the questions and participate along with me. There is always some question which everyone likes to read and remember. Here is one of the questions which I received in email. I believe the same question will be there any many developers who are beginning with SQL Server. I decided to blog about it so everyone can read it and participate. “I am beginner in SQL Server. I have a very interesting situation and need your help. I am beginner to SQL Server and that is why I do not have access to the production server and I work entirely on the development server. The project I am working on is also in the infant stage as well. In product I had to create a multiple tables and every table had few columns. Later on I have written Stored Procedures using those tables. During a code review my manager has requested to change one of the column which I have used in the table. As per him the naming convention was not accurate. Now changing the columname in the table is not a big issue. I figured out that I can do it very quickly either using T-SQL script or SQL Server Management Studio. The real problem is that I have used this column in nearly 50+ stored procedure. This looks like a very mechanical task. I believe I can go and change it in nearly 50+ stored procedure but is there a better solution I can use. Someone suggested that I should just go ahead and find the text in system table and update it there. Is that safe solution? If not, what is your solution. In simple words, How to replace a column name in multiple stored procedure efficiently and quickly? Please help me here with keeping my experience and non-production server in mind.” Well, I found this question very interesting. Honestly I would have preferred if this question was asked on my social media handles (Facebook and Twitter) as I am very active there and quite often before I reach there other experts have already answered this question. Anyway I am now answering the same question on the blog so all of us can participate here and come up with an appropriate answer. Here is my answer - “My Friend, I do not advice to touch system table. Please do not go that route. It can be dangerous and not appropriate. The issue which you faced today is what I used to face in early career as well I still face it often. There are two sets of argument I have observed – there are people who see no value in the name of the object and name objects like obj1, obj2 etc. There are sets of people who carefully chose the name of the object where object name is self-explanatory and almost tells a story. I am not here to take any side in this blog post – so let me go to a quick solution for your problem. Note: Following should not be directly practiced on Production Server. It should be properly tested on development server and once it is validated they should be pushed to your production server with your existing deployment practice. The answer is here assuming you have regular stored procedures and you are working on the Development NON Production Server. Go to Server Note >> Databases >> DatabaseName >> Programmability >> Stored Procedure Now make sure that Object Explorer Details are open (if not open it by clicking F7). You will see the list of all the stored procedures there. Now you will see a list of all the stored procedures on the right side list. Select either all of them or the one which you believe are relevant to your query. Now… Right click on the stored procedures >> SELECT DROP and CREATE to >> Now select New Query Editor Window or Clipboard. Paste the complete script to a new window if you have selected Clipboard option. Now press Control+H which will bring up the Find and Replace Screen. In this screen insert the column to be replaced in the “Find What”box and new column name into “Replace With” box. Now execute the whole script. As we have selected DROP and CREATE to, it will created drop the old procedure and create the new one. Another method would do all the same procedure but instead of DROP and CREATE manually replace the CREATE word with ALTER world. There is a small advantage in doing this is that if due to any reason the error comes up which prevents the new stored procedure to be created you will have your old stored procedure in the system as it is. “ Well, this was my answer to the question which I have received. Do you see any other workaround or solution? Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Stored Procedure, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Migrating a Windows Server to Ubuntu Server to provide Samba, AFP and Roaming Profiles

    - by Dan
    I'm replacing our old Windows XP Pro office server with a HP Microserver running Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. I'm not a Linux expert but I can find my way around a terminal prompt, I'm a Mac user by choice. The office use a mix of Windows XP Pro machines and OSX Lion laptops. I included Samba during installation, and I'm planning on using Netatalk for the AFP and Bonjour sharing. I'd quite like to have samba make the server appear in 'My network places' on the Windows machines the way Bonjour makes it appear in finder on the Macs, if this is possible? I want to get to a point so that a user logging into Windows, gets connected to the Ubuntu server (do they need an Ubuntu user account?) which get them their shares and their Windows user profile (though a standard profile across users would do). The upshot is to make centralised control of user accounts (e.g. If a person leaves, killing their account on the server stops their Windows logon and ability to access Samba shares) and to ensure files aren't stored on the individual machines for backup/security purposes. I want to make this as simple as possible, so don't want to have loads of stuff I don't need, I just can't figure out: What I need at the server end: - will Samba be enough (already installed as part of initial installation), or will I need to cock around with LDAP (and how does this interact with Samba) - For someone of moderate Linux competence like me, is there a package that offers easy admin of user accounts, e.g. a GUI like phpLDAPadmin (if LDAP is necessary) How to configure the XP machines: - do I need to have the XP machines set up as a domain controller (I've no idea, really) - roaming profiles looks to offer the feature of putting the user's files on the server rather than the machine itself along with a profile that follows the user from machine to machine. Syncing Mac user's home folders with the server This is less of a concern because I can set up Time Machine if it comes to it, but I'd appreciate any recommendations of what approach I should take having the Mac home folders synced to the server.

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  • Nexenta storage metro cluster - what are components involved?

    - by Jiri Xichtkniha
    I'm quite imporesses that Nexenta can build storage metro cluster (site to site storage mirroring). As Nexenta is built on Illumos (successor of OpenSolaris) I was thinking what kind of components are involved in their storage metro cluster. Could anybody enlight me what components are doing this site-site mirroring and if these components are open source so one can build similar storage metro cluster on his own? ZFS is local filesystem so what takes care of clustering?

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  • SQL SERVER – Quick Look at SQL Server Configuration for Performance Indications

    - by pinaldave
    Earlier I wrote SQL SERVER – Beginning SQL Server: One Step at a Time – SQL Server Magazine. That was the first article on the series of my real world experience of Performance Tuning experience. I have written second part the same series over here. Read second part over here: Quick Look at SQL Server Configuration for Performance Indications. In this second part I talk about two types of my clients. 1) Those who want instant results 2) Those who want the right results It is really fun to work with both the clients. I talk about various configuration options which I look at when I try to give very early opinion about SQL Server Performance. There are various eight configurations, I give quick look and start talking about performance. Head over to original article over here: Quick Look at SQL Server Configuration for Performance Indications. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Service Broker and CAP_CPU_PERCENT – Limiting SQL Server Instances to CPU Usage

    - by pinaldave
    I have mentioned several times on this blog that the best part of blogging is the questions I receive from readers. They are often very interesting. The questions from readers give me a good idea what other readers might be thinking as well. After reading my earlier article Simple Example to Configure Resource Governor – Introduction to Resource Governor – I received an email from a reader and we exchanged a few emails. After exchanging emails we both figured out what is going on. It was indeed interesting and reader suggested to that I should blog about it.  I asked for permission to publish his name but he does not like the attention so we will just call him Jeff. I have converted our emails into chat for easy consumption. Jeff: Your script does not work at all. I think either there is a bug in SQL Server. Pinal: Would you please explain in detail? Jeff: Your code does not limit the CPU usage? Pinal: How did you measure it? Jeff: Well, we have third party tools for it but let us say I have limited the resources for Reporting Services and used your script described in your blog. After that I ran only reporting service workload the CPU is still used more than 100% and it is not limited to 30% as described in your script. Clearly something is wrong somewhere. Pinal: Did you say you ONLY ran reporting server load? Jeff: Yeah, to validate I ran ONLY reporting server load and CPU did not throttle at 30% as per your script. Pinal: Oh! I get it here is the answer - CAP_CPU_PERCENT = 30. Use it. Jeff: What is that, I think your earlier script says it will throttle the Reporting Service workload and Application/OLTP workload and balance it. Pinal: Exactly, that is correct. Jeff: You need to write more in email buddy! Just like your blogs, your answers do not make sense! No Offense! Pinal: Hmm…feedback well taken. Let me try again. In SQL Server 2012 there are a few enhancements with regards to SQL Server Resource Governor. One of the enhancement is how the resources are allocated. Let me explain you with examples. Configuration: [Read Earlier Post] Reporting Workload: MIN_CPU_PERCENT=0, MAX_CPU_PERCENT=30 Application/OLTP Workload: MIN_CPU_PERCENT=50, MAX_CPU_PERCENT=100 Example 1: If there is only Reporting Workload on the server: SQL Server will not limit usage of CPU to only 30% workload but SQL Server instance will use all available CPU (if needed). In another word in this scenario it will use more than 30% CPU. Example 2: If there is Reproting Workload and heavy Application/OLTP workload: SQL Server will allocate a maximum of 30% CPU resources to Reporting Workload and allocate remaining resources to heavy application/OLTP workload. The reason for this enhancement is for better utilization of the resources. Let us think, if there is only single workload, which we have limited to max CPU usage to 30%. The other unused available CPU resources is now wasted. In this situation SQL Server allows the workload to use more than 30% resources leading to overall improved/optimized performance. However, in the case of multiple workload where lots of resources are needed the limits specified in MAX_CPU_PERCENT are acknowledged. Example 3: If there is a situation where the max CPU workload has to be enforced: This is a very interesting scenario, in the case when the max CPU workload has to be enforced irrespective of the workload and enhanced algorithm, the keyword CAP_CPU_PERCENT is essential. It specifies a hard cap on the CPU bandwidth that all requests in the resource pool will receive. It will never let CPU usage for reporting workload to go over 30% in our case. You can use the key word as follows: -- Creating Resource Pool for Report Server CREATE RESOURCE POOL ReportServerPool WITH ( MIN_CPU_PERCENT=0, MAX_CPU_PERCENT=30, CAP_CPU_PERCENT=40, MIN_MEMORY_PERCENT=0, MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT=30) GO Notice that there is MAX_CPU_PERCENT=30 and CAP_CPU_PERCENT=40, what it means is that when SQL Server Instance is under heavy load under different workload it will use the maximum CPU at 30%. However, when the SQL Server instance is not under workload it will go over the 30% limit. However, as CAP_CPU_PERCENT is set to 40, it will not go over 40% in any case by limiting the usage of CPU. CAP_CPU_PERCENT puts a hard limit on the resources usage by workload. Jeff: Nice Pinal, you should blog about it. [A day passes by] Pinal: Jeff, it is done! Click here to read it. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Service Broker

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  • SQL SERVER – Beginning of SQL Server Architecture – Terminology – Guest Post

    - by pinaldave
    SQL Server Architecture is a very deep subject. Covering it in a single post is an almost impossible task. However, this subject is very popular topic among beginners and advanced users.  I have requested my friend Anil Kumar who is expert in SQL Domain to help me write  a simple post about Beginning SQL Server Architecture. As stated earlier this subject is very deep subject and in this first article series he has covered basic terminologies. In future article he will explore the subject further down. Anil Kumar Yadav is Trainer, SQL Domain, Koenig Solutions. Koenig is a premier IT training firm that provides several IT certifications, such as Oracle 11g, Server+, RHCA, SQL Server Training, Prince2 Foundation etc. In this Article we will discuss about MS SQL Server architecture. The major components of SQL Server are: Relational Engine Storage Engine SQL OS Now we will discuss and understand each one of them. 1) Relational Engine: Also called as the query processor, Relational Engine includes the components of SQL Server that determine what your query exactly needs to do and the best way to do it. It manages the execution of queries as it requests data from the storage engine and processes the results returned. Different Tasks of Relational Engine: Query Processing Memory Management Thread and Task Management Buffer Management Distributed Query Processing 2) Storage Engine: Storage Engine is responsible for storage and retrieval of the data on to the storage system (Disk, SAN etc.). to understand more, let’s focus on the following diagram. When we talk about any database in SQL server, there are 2 types of files that are created at the disk level – Data file and Log file. Data file physically stores the data in data pages. Log files that are also known as write ahead logs, are used for storing transactions performed on the database. Let’s understand data file and log file in more details: Data File: Data File stores data in the form of Data Page (8KB) and these data pages are logically organized in extents. Extents: Extents are logical units in the database. They are a combination of 8 data pages i.e. 64 KB forms an extent. Extents can be of two types, Mixed and Uniform. Mixed extents hold different types of pages like index, System, Object data etc. On the other hand, Uniform extents are dedicated to only one type. Pages: As we should know what type of data pages can be stored in SQL Server, below mentioned are some of them: Data Page: It holds the data entered by the user but not the data which is of type text, ntext, nvarchar(max), varchar(max), varbinary(max), image and xml data. Index: It stores the index entries. Text/Image: It stores LOB ( Large Object data) like text, ntext, varchar(max), nvarchar(max),  varbinary(max), image and xml data. GAM & SGAM (Global Allocation Map & Shared Global Allocation Map): They are used for saving information related to the allocation of extents. PFS (Page Free Space): Information related to page allocation and unused space available on pages. IAM (Index Allocation Map): Information pertaining to extents that are used by a table or index per allocation unit. BCM (Bulk Changed Map): Keeps information about the extents changed in a Bulk Operation. DCM (Differential Change Map): This is the information of extents that have modified since the last BACKUP DATABASE statement as per allocation unit. Log File: It also known as write ahead log. It stores modification to the database (DML and DDL). Sufficient information is logged to be able to: Roll back transactions if requested Recover the database in case of failure Write Ahead Logging is used to create log entries Transaction logs are written in chronological order in a circular way Truncation policy for logs is based on the recovery model SQL OS: This lies between the host machine (Windows OS) and SQL Server. All the activities performed on database engine are taken care of by SQL OS. It is a highly configurable operating system with powerful API (application programming interface), enabling automatic locality and advanced parallelism. SQL OS provides various operating system services, such as memory management deals with buffer pool, log buffer and deadlock detection using the blocking and locking structure. Other services include exception handling, hosting for external components like Common Language Runtime, CLR etc. I guess this brief article gives you an idea about the various terminologies used related to SQL Server Architecture. In future articles we will explore them further. Guest Author  The author of the article is Anil Kumar Yadav is Trainer, SQL Domain, Koenig Solutions. Koenig is a premier IT training firm that provides several IT certifications, such as Oracle 11g, Server+, RHCA, SQL Server Training, Prince2 Foundation etc. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Fix – Agent Starting Error 15281 – SQL Server blocked access to procedure ‘dbo.sp_get_sqlagent_properties’ of component ‘Agent XPs’ because this component is turned off as part of the security configuration for this server

    - by Pinal Dave
    SQL Server Agent fails to start because of the error 15281 is a very common error. When you start to restart SQL Agent sometimes it will give following error. SQL Server blocked access to procedure ‘dbo.sp_get_sqlagent_properties’ of component ‘Agent XPs’ because this component is turned off as part of the security configuration for this server. A system administrator can enable the use of ‘Agent XPs’ by using sp_configure. For more information about enabling ‘Agent XPs’, search for ‘Agent XPs’ in SQL Server Books Online. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 15281) To resolve this error, following script has to be executed on the server. sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; GO RECONFIGURE; GO sp_configure 'Agent XPs', 1; GO RECONFIGURE GO When you run above script, it will give a very similar output as following on the screen. Now, if you try to restart SQL Agent it will just work fine. That’s it! Sometimes there is a simpler solution to complicated error. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: SQL Server Agent

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  • SQL SERVER – Auto Recovery File Settings in SSMS – SQL in Sixty Seconds #034 – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Every developer once in a while facing an unfortunate situation where they have not yet saved the work and their SQL Server Management Studio crashes. Well, you can minimize the loss by optimizing auto recovery settings. In this video we can see how to set the auto recovery settings. Go to SSMS >> Tools >> Options >> Environment >> AutoRecover There are two different settings: 1) Save AutoRecover Information Every Minutes This option will save the SQL Query file at certain interval. Set this option to minimum value possible to avoid loss. If you have set this value to 5, in the worst possible case, you can loose last 5 minutes of the work. 2) Keep AutoRecover Information for Days This option will preserve the AutoRecovery information for specified days. Though, I suggest in case of accident open SQL Server Management Studio right away and recover your file. Do not procrastinate this important task for future dates. Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: Manage Help Settings – CTRL + ALT + F1 SSMS 2012 Reset Keyboard Shortcuts to Default A Cool Trick – Restoring the Default SQL Server Management Studio – SSMS Color Coding SQL Server Management Studio Status Bar – SQL in Sixty Seconds #023 – Video Clear Drop Down List of Recent Connection From SQL Server Management Studio SELECT TOP Shortcut in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) What would you like to see in the next SQL in Sixty Seconds video? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video Tagged: Excel

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  • Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

    - by Bakhtiyor
    I have mailserver configure using dovecot+postfix+mysql and it was runnig fine in the server(Ubuntu Server). But during last week it stopped working correctly. It doesn't send email. When I try to telnet localhost smtp I'm connecting successfully but when I do mail from:<[email protected]> and hit Enter it hangs on, nothing happen. Having reviewed /var/log/mail.log file I've found out that probably(99%) the problem is on postfix when it is trying to connect to MySQL server. If you see the log file given below you can see that it says Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2). Nov 14 21:54:36 ns1 dovecot: dovecot: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=7731 uid=0 code=kill) Nov 14 21:54:36 ns1 dovecot: Dovecot v1.2.9 starting up (core dumps disabled) Nov 14 21:54:36 ns1 dovecot: auth-worker(default): mysql: Connected to localhost (mailserver) Nov 14 21:54:44 ns1 postfix/postfix-script[7753]: refreshing the Postfix mail system Nov 14 21:54:44 ns1 postfix/master[1670]: reload -- version 2.7.0, configuration /etc/postfix Nov 14 21:54:52 ns1 postfix/trivial-rewrite[7759]: warning: connect to mysql server localhost: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) Nov 14 21:54:52 ns1 postfix/trivial-rewrite[7759]: fatal: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf(0,lock|fold_fix): table lookup problem Nov 14 21:54:53 ns1 postfix/master[1670]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/trivial-rewrite pid 7759 exit status 1 Nov 14 21:54:53 ns1 postfix/cleanup[7397]: warning: problem talking to service rewrite: Connection reset by peer Nov 14 21:54:53 ns1 postfix/master[1670]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/trivial-rewrite: bad command startup -- throttling Nov 14 21:54:53 ns1 postfix/smtpd[7071]: warning: problem talking to service rewrite: Success I tried netstat -ln | grep mysql and it returns unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5817 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock. The content of /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf file is here: user = stevejobs password = apple hosts = localhost dbname = mailserver query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s' Here I tried to change hosts = 127.0.0.1 but it says warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (110) So, I am lost and don't know where else to change in order to solve the problem. Any help would be appreciated highly. Thank you.

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  • Network and Storage Devices Throughput Chart

    - by zroiy
    With all of the different storage and network devices that surround our day to day life, understanding these devices data transfer speeds can be somewhat confusing. Think about trying to identify your weakest link in the a chain that starts with an external USB hard drive (or a flash drive) that's connected to a 802.11g wifi router, can you quickly come up with an answer of where's the bottle neck in that chain , is it the router or the storage devices ? . Well, the following chart should give you an idea understanding different devices, protocols and interfaces maximum throughput speeds. Though these numbers can fluctuate (mostly for worse, but sometimes for the better) due to different kind of factors such as OS overhead (or caching and optimization) , multiple users or processes and so on , the chart can still serve to provide basic information on the theoretical throughput different devices and protocols can get to.. Enjoy.  Link to the full size chart   References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sata#SATA_revision_1.0_.28SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usb_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.11http://mashable.com/2011/09/21/fastest-download-speeds-infographic/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9220434/Thunderbolt_vs._SuperSpeed_USB_3.0  Icons:http://openiconlibrary.sourceforge.net/gallery2/?./Icons/devices/drive-harddisk-3.png      

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  • responsibility for storage

    - by Stefano Borini
    A colleague and I were brainstorming about where to put the responsibility of an object to store itself on the disk in our own file format. There are basically two choices: object.store(file) fileformatWriter.store(object) The first one gives the responsibility of serialization on the disk to the object itself. This is similar to the approach used by python pickle. The second groups the representation responsibility on a file format writer object. The data object is just a plain data container (eventually with additional methods not relevant for storage). We agreed on the second methodology, because it centralizes the writing logic from generic data. We also have cases of objects implementing complex logic that need to store info while the logic is in progress. For these cases, the fileformatwriter object can be passed and used as a delegate, calling storage operations on it. With the first pattern, the complex logic object would instead accept the raw file, and implement the writing logic itself. The first method, however, has the advantage that the object knows how to write and read itself from any file containing it, which may also be convenient. I would like to hear your opinion before starting a rather complex refactoring.

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  • Need a solution to store images (1 billion, 1000,000,000) which users will upload to a website via php or javascript upload [on hold]

    - by wish_you_all_peace
    I need a solution to store images (1 billion) which users will upload to a website via PHP or Javascript upload (website will have 1 billion page views a month using Linux Debian distros) assuming 20 photos per user maximum (10 thumbnails of size 90px by 90px and 10 large, script resized images of having maximum width 500px or maximum height 500px depending on shape of image, meaning square, rectangle, horizontal, vertical etc). Assume this to be a LEMP-stack (Linux Nginx MySQL PHP) social-media or social-matchmaking type application whose content will be text and images. Since everyone knows storing tons of images (website users uploaded images in this case) are bad inside a single directory or NFS etc, please explain all the details about the architecture and configuration of the entire setup of storage solution, to store 1 billion images on any method you recommend (no third-party cloud storage like S3 etc. It has to be within the private data center using our own hardware and resources.). The solution has to include both the storage solution and organizing the images uploaded by users. How will we organize the users images if a single user will not have more than 20 images (10 thumbs and 10 large of having either width or height 500px)? Please consider that this has to be organized in a structural way so we can fetch a single user's images via PHP/Javascript or API programmatically through some type of user's unique identifier(s).

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