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• Read JSON (text file) into .NET application

  - by Bi

  I have a configuration file in the following JSON format: { "key1": "value1", "key2": "value2", "key3": false, "key4": 10, } The user can set/unset the configuration values using a text editor. I however need to read it in my C# application. Whats the best way to do so for JSON? The above keys are not associated with a class.

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• How to iterate through Hash (of Hashes) in Perl?

  - by Jay Gridley

  Hello, I have Hash where values of keys are other Hashes. Example: {'key' => {'key2' => {'key3' => 'value'}}} How can I iterate through this structure?

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• In Python 3, dictionary methods no longer return lists

  - by Eric

  In python 2, keys(), values() and items() returned lists. But in Python 3, they are dynamic views and to get these dynamic views to be lists, use the list() function to convert. Ok, I get that but what the heck is a dynamic view? What is it used for? Thanks

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• NEED PROGRAM in visualc++ opengl [closed]

  - by HAREEFML

  I AM NEW IN OPENGL VISUALC++ PROGRAMMING.I NEEDED A PROGRAM THAT, THE ROTATING OBJECTS.WHERE THE CUBE,CYLINDER,TRIANGLE & CONE AND THESE OBJECTS ROTATE AS THE KEYBOARD ARROW KEYS ARE PRESSED AND EACH OBJECTS START ROTATION WHEN THE KEYBOARD NUMBERS 1,2,3,4 ARE PRESSED. CAN I GET PROGRAM LIKE THIS? THANKS IN ADVANCE.

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• Multiple reference in SQL

  - by AGarofoli

  Hi! I'm working on a db but i'm kinda new to this so i've bumped into a problem today. I've got some tables: OFFICE, ROOM, EMPLOYEE and DOCUMENT. Document must specify the sender, which can be a single employee, an entire room or an entire office so it must have a reference to the primary keys of those tables. Should I do a "parallel" table for handle it (for example i've done one for handle the multiple recipients documents) or there is another way? Thank you

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• Using query to change table mapping

  - by crapbag

  I have a table mytable( id, key, value). I realize that key is generating a lot of data redundancy since my key is a string. (my keys are really long, but repetititve) How do I build a separate table out that has (key, keyID) and then alternate my table to be mytable( id, keyID, value) and keyTable(keyID, key) ?

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• PHP checking $_POST

  - by sea_1987

  I have some form fields that when a form is submitted creates an array within the $_POST, I needing to check the this array has atleast 4 keys, how can I check that? I have no idea

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• Capistrano asks for SSH password when deploying from local machine to server

  - by GhostRider

  When I try to ssh to a server, I'm able to do it as my id_rsa.pub key is added to the authorized keys in the server. Now when I try to deploy my code via Capistrano to the server from my local project folder, the server asks for a password. I'm unable to understand what could be the issue if I'm able to ssh and unable to deploy to the same server. $ cap deploy:setup "no seed data" triggering start callbacks for `deploy:setup' * 13:42:18 == Currently executing `multistage:ensure' *** Defaulting to `development' * 13:42:18 == Currently executing `development' * 13:42:18 == Currently executing `deploy:setup' triggering before callbacks for `deploy:setup' * 13:42:18 == Currently executing `db:configure_mongoid' * executing "mkdir -p /home/deploy/apps/development/flyingbird/shared/config" servers: ["dev1.noob.com", "176.9.24.217"] Password: Cap script: # gem install capistrano capistrano-ext capistrano_colors begin; require 'capistrano_colors'; rescue LoadError; end require "bundler/capistrano" # RVM bootstrap # $:.unshift(File.expand_path('./lib', ENV['rvm_path'])) require 'rvm/capistrano' set :rvm_ruby_string, 'ruby-1.9.2-p290' set :rvm_type, :user # or :user # Application setup default_run_options[:pty] = true # allow pseudo-terminals ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true # forward SSH keys (this will use your SSH key to get the code from git repository) ssh_options[:port] = 22 set :ip, "dev1.noob.com" set :application, "flyingbird" set :repository, "repo-path" set :scm, :git set :branch, fetch(:branch, "master") set :deploy_via, :remote_cache set :rails_env, "production" set :use_sudo, false set :scm_username, "user" set :user, "user1" set(:database_username) { application } set(:production_database) { application + "_production" } set(:staging_database) { application + "_staging" } set(:development_database) { application + "_development" } role :web, ip # Your HTTP server, Apache/etc role :app, ip # This may be the same as your `Web` server role :db, ip, :primary => true # This is where Rails migrations will run # Use multi-staging require "capistrano/ext/multistage" set :stages, ["development", "staging", "production"] set :default_stage, rails_env before "deploy:setup", "db:configure_mongoid" # Uncomment if you use any of these databases after "deploy:update_code", "db:symlink_mongoid" after "deploy:update_code", "uploads:configure_shared" after "uploads:configure_shared", "uploads:symlink" after 'deploy:update_code', 'bundler:symlink_bundled_gems' after 'deploy:update_code', 'bundler:install' after "deploy:update_code", "rvm:trust_rvmrc" # Use this to update crontab if you use 'whenever' gem # after "deploy:symlink", "deploy:update_crontab" if ARGV.include?("seed_data") after "deploy", "db:seed" else p "no seed data" end #Custom tasks to handle resque and redis restart before "deploy", "deploy:stop_workers" after "deploy", "deploy:restart_redis" after "deploy", "deploy:start_workers" after "deploy", "deploy:cleanup" 'Create symlink for public uploads' namespace :uploads do task :symlink do run <<-CMD rm -rf #{release_path}/public/uploads && mkdir -p #{release_path}/public && ln -nfs #{shared_path}/public/uploads #{release_path}/public/uploads CMD end task :configure_shared do run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/public" run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/public/uploads" end end namespace :rvm do desc 'Trust rvmrc file' task :trust_rvmrc do run "rvm rvmrc trust #{current_release}" end end namespace :db do desc "Create mongoid.yml in shared path" task :configure_mongoid do db_config = <<-EOF defaults: &defaults host: localhost production: <<: *defaults database: #{production_database} staging: <<: *defaults database: #{staging_database} EOF run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/config" put db_config, "#{shared_path}/config/mongoid.yml" end desc "Make symlink for mongoid.yml" task :symlink_mongoid do run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/mongoid.yml #{release_path}/config/mongoid.yml" end desc "Fill the database with seed data" task :seed do run "cd #{current_path}; RAILS_ENV=#{default_stage} bundle exec rake db:seed" end end namespace :bundler do desc "Symlink bundled gems on each release" task :symlink_bundled_gems, :roles => :app do run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/bundled_gems" run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/bundled_gems #{release_path}/vendor/bundle" end desc "Install bundled gems " task :install, :roles => :app do run "cd #{release_path} && bundle install --deployment" end end namespace :deploy do task :start, :roles => :app do run "touch #{current_path}/tmp/restart.txt" end desc "Restart the app" task :restart, :roles => :app do run "touch #{current_path}/tmp/restart.txt" end desc "Start the workers" task :stop_workers do run "cd #{current_path}; RAILS_ENV=#{default_stage} bundle exec rake resque:stop_workers" end desc "Restart Redis server" task :restart_redis do "/etc/init.d/redis-server restart" end desc "Start the workers" task :start_workers do run "cd #{current_path}; RAILS_ENV=#{default_stage} bundle exec rake resque:start_workers" end end

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• "ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver" wheel-click is wrong

  - by sputnick

  I use this mouse under archlinux x86_64 with 3.2.8-1-ARCH kernel. I have some problems to select and then paste with the wheel-click in some applications like konversation, not in a terminal nor an editor. I don't know if it's a hardware problem or a software one. $ lsusb -v Bus 002 Device 110: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x046d Logitech, Inc. idProduct 0xc50e Cordless Mouse Receiver bcdDevice 25.10 iManufacturer 1 Logitech iProduct 2 USB RECEIVER iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 34 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 70mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 2 Mouse iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.11 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 95 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) When I see what's happens in xev, the output is different compared to another mouse My buggy Logitech mouse : ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350700, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 11, same_screen YES EnterNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170350700, (48,52), root:(1491,75), mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350716, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 6, same_screen YES ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350716, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 6, same_screen YES ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350988, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 11, same_screen YES LeaveNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170350988, (48,52), root:(1491,75), mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 a working mouse (dell) : ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170245131, (46,32), root:(1489,55), state 0x10, button 2, same_screen YES EnterNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170245131, (46,32), root:(1489,55), mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 528 KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170245411, (46,32), root:(1489,55), state 0x210, button 2, same_screen YES LeaveNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170245411, (46,32), root:(1489,55), mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 A demo of the problem when I use konversation (IRC) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhmr92M7NCc I tried to modify the button map with xmodmap like this with no success (one at a time) : xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 0 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 1 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 3 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 4 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 5 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 6 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 7 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 8 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 9 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 10 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 11 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 12 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 13 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 14 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 15 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 16 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 17 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 18 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 19 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 20 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 21 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 22 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 23 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 24 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 25 3" Any clue ? I would like to avoid buying a new mouse just for a paste problem.

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• Le Logiciel Libre – Omniprésent dans le secteur public

  - by gravax

  NOTE : Cet article a servi de base à du contenu publié en Juin 2011 dans le magazine Acteurs Publics. Créé il y a plusieurs décennies déjà, pour répondre à un besoin de partage de savoir, et de compétences, le Logiciel Libre existe sous plusieurs appellations, à l'origine anglo-saxonnes, dont « Free Software » et « Open Source » sont les plus utilisées. En Anglais, le mot « Free » pouvant signifier à la fois libre et gratuit, cela a créé une certaine confusion qui n'existe pas en Français avec le mot « libre ». Du coup, on voit souvent l’acronyme FOSS ou FLOSS, pour « Free, Libre, Open Source Software » afin d'éliminer l’ambiguïté. De nos jours, dans le secteur public, le logiciel libre est, depuis, devenu omniprésent. Il répond à plusieurs besoins critiques dont le contrôle des coûts, le choix (de partenaire, de logiciel, de fonctionnalités), la liberté de pouvoir modifier les applications pour les adapter à ses propres besoins, la sécurité provenant du fait que de nombreux développeurs et utilisateurs ont pu contrôler la qualité du code. Un autre aspect très présent dans les logiciels libres et l'adhérence quasi-systématique aux standards de l'industrie, qui garantit une intégration simple et facile au système d'information existant. Il y a cependant des éléments à prendre en compte lors des choix de logiciels libres stratégiques. Si l'aspect coûts est clairement un élément de choix qui peut conduire aux logiciels libres, il est principalement dû au fait qu'un logiciel libre existe souvent en version gratuite, librement téléchargeable. Mais ceci n'est que le le sommet de l'iceberg. Lors de la mise en production de logiciels il va falloir s'entourer de services dont l'intégration, où les possibilités de choix d'un partenaire seront d'autant plus grandes que le logiciel choisi est populaire et connu, ce qui conduira à des coups tirés vers le bas grâce à une concurrence saine. Mais il faudra aussi prévoir le support technique. La encore, la popularité du logiciel choisi augmentera la palette de prestataires de support possible. Le choix devra se faire suivant des critères très solides, et en particulier la capacité à s'engager sur des niveaux de service, la disponibilité 24 heures sur 24, 7 jours sur 7 (le pays ne s’arrête pas de fonctionner le week-end ou la nuit), et, éventuellement, la couverture géographique correspondant aux métiers que l'on exerce (un pays comme la France couvrant avec ses DOM et ses TOM une grande partie des fuseaux horaires et zones géographiques de la planète). La plus part des services publics, que ce soit éducation, santé, ou gouvernement, utilisent déjà des logiciels libres. On les retrouve coté infrastructure, avec des produits comme la base de données MySQL, fortement appréciée dans le monde de l'éducation pour construire des plate-formes d'e-éducation en conjonction avec d'autres produits libres tels Moodle, ou GlassFish, le serveur d'applications très prisé des développeurs pour son adhérence au standard Java EE version 6 et sa simplicité de mise-en-œuvre. Linux est extrêmement présent comme système d'exploitation libre dans le datacenter, mais aussi sur le poste de travail. On retrouve des outils de virtualisation tels Oracle VM, issu de Xen, dans le datacenter, et VirtualBox sur le poste du développeur. Avec une telle palette de solutions et d'outils dans le monde du Logiciel libre, Oracle se apporte au secteur public des réponses ciblées, efficaces, aux besoins du marché, y compris en matière de support technique et qualité de service associée.

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• Unable to validate data. at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection.GetDecodedData

  - by Ben Williams

  I have several websites which get approximately 3000 pageviews in total per day, and I get this viewstate error roughly 5-10 times per day, caught in global.asax: System.Web.HttpException: Unable to validate data. at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection.GetDecodedData(Byte[] buf, Byte[] modifier, Int32 start, Int32 length, Int32& dataLength) at System.Web.UI.ObjectStateFormatter.Deserialize(String inputString) I have tried: hard-coding the machine key in web.config for all websites hard-coding the machien key in machine.config adding items to the pages section of the web.config for all websites. Machine key looks like: <machineKey validationKey="key goes here" decryptionKey="key goes here" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" /> Pages section looks like: <pages renderAllHiddenFieldsAtTopOfForm="true" validateRequest="false" enableEventValidation="false" viewStateEncryptionMode="Never"> The errors are not related to application pool recycling as best I can tell, as the pool is set to recycle at every 100,000 requests. I am not running a web farm or web garden. Quite often I get two or three of these errors in a row, as if a user is getting an error, going back, and then clicking the link again. Anyone have any ideas?

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• I have having following warning in gcc compilation in 32 bit architecture but not having any such wa

  - by thetna

  symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrint': symbol.c:1209: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrintOtter': symbol.c:1236: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1239: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1243: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1266: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' In symbol.c 1198 #ifdef CHECK 1199 else { 1200 misc_StartErrorReport(); 1201 misc_ErrorReport("\n In symbol_FPrint: Cannot print symbol.\n"); 1202 misc_FinishErrorReport(); 1203 } 1204 #endif 1205 } 1206 else if (symbol_SignatureExists()) 1207 fputs(symbol_Name(Symbol), File); 1208 else 1209 fprintf(File, "%ld", Symbol); 1210 } And SYMBOL is defined as: typedef size_t SYMBOL When i replaced '%ld' with '%zu' , i got the following warning: symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrint': symbol.c:1209: warning: ISO C90 does not support the 'z' printf length modifier Note: From here it has been edited on 26th of march 2010 and and following problem has beeen added because of its similarity to the above mentioned problem. I have following statement: printf("\n\t %4d:%4d:%4d:%4d:%4d:%s:%d", Index, S->info, S->weight, Precedence[Index],S->props,S->name, S->length); The warning I get while compiling in 64 bit architecture is : format ‘%4d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 5 has type ‘size_t’ here are the definitions of parameter: NAT props; typedef unsigned int NAT; How can i get rid of this so that i can compile without warning in 32 and 64 bit architecture? What can be its solution?

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• Why does Java's invokevirtual need to resolve the called method's compile-time class?

  - by Chris

  Consider this simple Java class: class MyClass { public void bar(MyClass c) { c.foo(); } } I want to discuss what happens on the line c.foo(). At the bytecode level, the meat of c.foo() will be the invokevirtual opcode, and, according to the documentation for invokevirtual, more or less the following will happen: Look up the foo method defined in compile-time class MyClass. (This involves first resolving MyClass.) Do some checks, including: Verify that c is not an initialization method, and verify that calling MyClass.foo wouldn't violate any protected modifiers. Figure out which method to actually call. In particular, look up c's runtime type. If that type has foo(), call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. Etc.. If no suitable method can be found, then error. Step #3 alone seems adequate for figuring out which method to call and verifying that said method has the correct argument/return types. So my question is why step #1 gets performed in the first place. Possible answers seem to be: You don't have enough information to perform step #3 until step #1 is complete. (This seems implausible at first glance, so please explain.) The linking or access modifier checks done in #1 and #2 are essential to prevent certain bad things from happening, and those checks must be performed based on the compile-time type, rather than the run-time type hierarchy. (Please explain.)

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• Partial template specialization on a class

  - by Jonathan Swinney

  I'm looking for a better way to this. I have a chunk of code that needs to handle several different objects that contain different types. The structure that I have looks like this: class Base { // some generic methods } template <typename T> class TypedBase : public Base { // common code with template specialization private: std::map<int,T> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; } template <> class TypedBase<std::string> : public Base { // common code with template specialization public: void set( std::string ); // functions not needed for other types std::string get(); private: std::map<int,std::string> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; // some data not needed for other types } Now I need to add some additional functionality that only applies to one of the derivative classes. Specifically the std::string derivation, but the type doesn't actually matter. The class is big enough that I would prefer not copy the whole thing simply to specialize a small part of it. I need to add a couple of functions (and accessor and modifier) and modify the body of several of the other functions. Is there a better way to accomplish this?

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• java time check API

  - by ring bearer

  I am sure this was done 1000 times in 1000 different places. The question is I want to know if there is a better/standard/faster way to check if current "time" is between two time values given in hh:mm:ss format. For example, my big business logic should not run between 18:00:00 and 18:30:00. So here is what I had in mind: public static boolean isCurrentTimeBetween(String starthhmmss, String endhhmmss) throws ParseException{ DateFormat hhmmssFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhh:mm:ss"); Date now = new Date(); String yyyMMdd = hhmmssFormat.format(now).substring(0, 8); return(hhmmssFormat.parse(yyyMMdd+starthhmmss).before(now) && hhmmssFormat.parse(yyyMMdd+endhhmmss).after(now)); } Example test case: String doNotRunBetween="18:00:00,18:30:00";//read from props file String[] hhmmss = downTime.split(","); if(isCurrentTimeBetween(hhmmss[0], hhmmss[1])){ System.out.println("NOT OK TO RUN"); }else{ System.out.println("OK TO RUN"); } What I am looking for is code that is better in performance in looks in correctness What I am not looking for third-party libraries Exception handling debate variable naming conventions method modifier issues

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• How can I substitute the nth occurrence of a match in a Perl regex?

  - by Zaid

  Following up from an earlier question on extracting the n'th regex match, I now need to substitute the match, if found. I thought that I could define the extraction subroutine and call it in the substitution with the /e modifier. I was obviously wrong (admittedly, I had an XY problem). use strict; use warnings; sub extract_quoted { # à la codaddict my ($string, $index) = @_; while($string =~ /'(.*?)'/g) { $index--; return $1 if(! $index); } return; } my $string = "'How can I','use' 'PERL','to process this' 'line'"; extract_quoted ( $string, 3 ); $string =~ s/&extract_quoted($string,2)/'Perl'/e; print $string; # Prints 'How can I','use' 'PERL','to process this' 'line' There are, of course, many other issues with this technique: What if there are identical matches at different positions? What if the match isn't found? In light of this situation, I'm wondering in what ways this could be implemented.

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• In .NET, Why Can I Access Private Members of a Class Instance within the Class?

  - by AMissico

  While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? I would like to know the "why" I can do this. Please explain, don't just tell me the rule. Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class Class Foo Public Property Value() As Integer Get Return _int End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) _int = value * 2 End Set End Property Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo.Value = 4 'what you would expect to do because _int is private _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class

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• Linq duplicate removal with a twist

  - by Danthar

  I got a list that contains al the status items of each order. The problem that i have is that i need to remove all the items of which the status - logdate combination is not the highest. e.g var inputs = new List<StatusItem>(); //note that the 3th id is simply a modifier that adds that amount of secs //to the current datetime, to make testing easier inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 30, 1)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 40, 2)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 50, 3)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 40, 4)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 50, 5)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 20, 6)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 30, 7)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 20, 8)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 30, 9)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 40, 10)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 50, 11)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 40, 12)); var l = from i in inputs group i by i.internalId into cg select from s in cg group s by s.statusId into sg select sg.OrderByDescending(n => n.date).First() ; This creates a list that returnes me the following: order 123 status 30 date 4/9/2010 6:44:21 PM order 123 status 40 date 4/9/2010 6:44:24 PM order 123 status 50 date 4/9/2010 6:44:25 PM order 100 status 20 date 4/9/2010 6:44:28 PM order 100 status 30 date 4/9/2010 6:44:29 PM order 100 status 40 date 4/9/2010 6:44:32 PM order 100 status 50 date 4/9/2010 6:44:31 PM This is ALMOST correct. However that last line which has status 50 needs to be filtered out as well because it was overruled by status 40 in the historylist. U can tell by the fact that its date is lower then the "last" status-item with the status 40. I was hoping someone could give me some pointers because im stuck.

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• preg_match_all and newlines inside quotes

  - by David

  Another noob regex problem/question. I'm probably doing something silly so I thought I'd exploit the general ingenuity of the SO regulars ;) Trying to match newlines but only if they occur within either double quotes or single quotes. I also want to catch strings that are between quotes but contain no newlines. Okay so there's what i got, with output. Below that, will be the output I would like to get. Any help would be greatly appreciated! :) I use Regex Coach to help me create my patterns, being a novice and all. According to RC, The pattern I supply does match all occurances within the data, but in my PHP, it skips over the multi-line part. I have tried with the 'm' pattern modifier already, to no avail. Contents of $CompressedData: <?php $Var = "test"; $Var2 = "test2"; $Var3 = "blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah"; $Var4 = "hello"; ?> Pattern / Code: preg_match_all('!(\'|")(\b.*\b\n*)*(\'|")!', $CompressedData, $Matches); Current print_r output of $Matches: Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => "test" [1] => "test2" [2] => "hello" ) ... } DESIRED print_r output of $Matches: Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => "test" [1] => "test2" [2] => "blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah" [3] => "hello" ) ... }

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• Can't block capslock with CGEventTap

  - by Thor Frølich

  I'm using Quartz CGEventTap in an attempt to globally intercept capslock presses and block them (to have them do something useful instead). I succesfully detect capslock presses but have so far been unable to block them. My code (originating from this stackoverflow answer) is something like this: eventTap = CGEventTapCreate(kCGHIDEventTap, kCGTailAppendEventTap, kCGEventTapOptionDefault, eventMask, myCGEventCallback, &oldFlags); runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, eventTap, 0); CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes); CGEventTapEnable(eventTap, true); CGEventRef myCGEventCallback(CGEventTapProxy proxy, CGEventType type, CGEventRef theEvent, void *refcon) { CGEventFlags *oldFlags = (CGEventFlags *)refcon; switch (type) { case kCGEventFlagsChanged: { CGEventFlags newFlags = CGEventGetFlags(theEvent); CGEventFlags changedFlags = *oldFlags ^ newFlags; *oldFlags = newFlags; if (changedFlags == 65536) { NSLog(@"Capslock pressed. Let's not return the event"); return NULL; } break; } default: break; } NSLog(@"Different modifier than capslock. Returning the event"); return theEvent; } If I understand correctly returning NULL should effectively block the keypress from propagating. Indeed it also does for "normal" keyup and -down events. However capslock toggles regardless. Any ideas why that is? Am I making incorrect assumptions? And/or how can I do things differently to achieve my goal? Thanks, Thor

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• Why do pure virtual base classes get direct access to static data members while derived instances do

  - by Shamster

  I've created a simple pair of classes. One is pure virtual with a static data member, and the other is derived from the base, as follows: #include <iostream> template <class T> class Base { public: Base (const T _member) { member = _member; } static T member; virtual void Print () const = 0; }; template <class T> T Base<T>::member; template <class T> void Base<T>::Print () const { std::cout << "Base: " << member << std::endl; } template <class T> class Derived : public Base<T> { public: Derived (const T _member) : Base<T>(_member) { } virtual void Print () const { std::cout << "Derived: " << this->member << std::endl; } }; I've found from this relationship that when I need access to the static data member in the base class, I can call it with direct access as if it were a regular, non-static class member. i.e. - the Base::Print() method does not require a this- modifier. However, the derived class does require the this-member indirect access syntax. I don't understand why this is. Both class methods are accessing the same static data, so why does the derived class need further specification? A simple call to test it is: int main () { Derived<double> dd (7.0); dd.Print(); return 0; } which prints the expected "Derived: 7"

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• Why does Microsoft advise against readonly fields with mutable values?

  - by Weeble

  In the Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries, Microsoft say: Do not assign instances of mutable types to read-only fields. The objects created using a mutable type can be modified after they are created. For example, arrays and most collections are mutable types while Int32, Uri, and String are immutable types. For fields that hold a mutable reference type, the read-only modifier prevents the field value from being overwritten but does not protect the mutable type from modification. This simply restates the behaviour of readonly without explaining why it's bad to use readonly. The implication appears to be that many people do not understand what "readonly" does and will wrongly expect readonly fields to be deeply immutable. In effect it advises using "readonly" as code documentation indicating deep immutability - despite the fact that the compiler has no way to enforce this - and disallows its use for its normal function: to ensure that the value of the field doesn't change after the object has been constructed. I feel uneasy with this recommendation to use "readonly" to indicate something other than its normal meaning understood by the compiler. I feel that it encourages people to misunderstand the meaning of "readonly", and furthermore to expect it to mean something that the author of the code might not intend. I feel that it precludes using it in places it could be useful - e.g. to show that some relationship between two mutable objects remains unchanged for the lifetime of one of those objects. The notion of assuming that readers do not understand the meaning of "readonly" also appears to be in contradiction to other advice from Microsoft, such as FxCop's "Do not initialize unnecessarily" rule, which assumes readers of your code to be experts in the language and should know that (for example) bool fields are automatically initialised to false, and stops you from providing the redundancy that shows "yes, this has been consciously set to false; I didn't just forget to initialize it". So, first and foremost, why do Microsoft advise against use of readonly for references to mutable types? I'd also be interested to know: Do you follow this Design Guideline in all your code? What do you expect when you see "readonly" in a piece of code you didn't write?

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• Google Maps API and "rightclick" events on Macs

  - by samc

  Using the Google Maps API (v3), I can create a map and handle normal click events just fine, but when I want to handle rightclick events, it doesn't work on Macs. I assume this is because a rightclick on a Mac is actually converted to a ctrl-click, but the Google Maps API MouseEvent doesn't provide information about modifier keys, so I can't check for the ctrl key. I tried adding an "capture" event listener to the document that converts the click event to a rightclick event. function convertClick(e) { if (e.ctrlKey) { e.button = 2; } } document.addEventListener("click", convertClick, true) I added an alert to verify that the condition is correct, but modifying the event in this way didn't work. So, I decided to have my event handler set a global flag that my click handler could check. If the flag is set, it means ctrl was pressed, so the click handler just invokes the rightclick handler. var ctrl; function captureCtrl(e) { ctrl = e.ctrlKey; } This approach worked great, except for one thing. The ctrl flag gets set for the click after the one that occured when ctrl was pressed. That means the event handler is be called during the bubble phase rather than the capture phase. Could explain why the event modification approach didn't work. So, my question is how can you detect "rightclick" events from Macs with the Google Maps API? I can't be the first person to want to do this. That said, when I right-click on the map on http://maps.google.com from a Windows or Linux machine, I get a popup box with options like "Directions from here...", etc. On a Mac, nothing happens. So, not even the main Google Maps page has solved this problem. ...maybe I am the first person to want to do this.

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• Is this a hole in dynamic binding in C# 4?

  - by Galilyou

  I've seen a very interesting post on Fabio Maulo's blog. Here's the code and the bug if you don't want to jump to the url. I defined a new generic class like so: public class TableStorageInitializer<TTableEntity> where TTableEntity : class, new() { public void Initialize() { InitializeInstance(new TTableEntity()); } public void InitializeInstance(dynamic entity) { entity.PartitionKey = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); entity.RowKey = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); } } Note that InitializeInstance accepts one parameter, which is of type dynamic. Now to test this class, I defined another class that is nested inside my main Program class like so: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { TableStorageInitializer<MyClass> x = new TableStorageInitializer<MyClass>(); x.Initialize(); } private class MyClass { public string PartitionKey { get; set; } public string RowKey { get; set; } public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; } } } Note: the inner class "MyClass" is declared private. Now if i run this code I get a "Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.RuntimeBinderException" on the line "entity.PartitionKey = Guide.NewGuid().ToString()". The interesting part, though is that the message of the exception says "Object doesn't contain a definition for PartitionKey". Also note that if you changed the modifier of the nested class to public, the code will execute with no problems. So what do you guys think is really happening under the hood? Please refer to any documentation -of course if this is documented anywhere- that you may find?

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• Why Does Private Access Remain Non-Private in .NET Within a Class?

  - by AMissico

  While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Foo Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error because Foo doesn't know Jack _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error because Fred hides from Foo End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class

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