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  • Complex behavior generated by simple computation

    - by Yuval A
    Stephen Wolfram gave a fascinating talk at TED about his work with Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha. Amongst other things, he pointed out how very simple computations can yield extremely complex behaviors. (He goes on to discuss his ambition for computing the entire physical universe. Say what you will, you gotta give the guy some credit for his wild ideas...) As an example he showed several cellular automata. What other examples of simple computations do you know of that yield fascinating results?

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  • When should I use Dependency Injection and when utility methods?

    - by Roman
    I have a Java EE project with Spring IoC container. I've just found in Utils class static method sendMail(long list of params). I don't know why but I feel that it would look better if we had separate class (Spring bean with singleton scope) which will be responsible for sending email. But I can't find any arguments which can prove my position. So, are there any pros (or cons) in using DI in this (rather general) situation?

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  • Static libraries, dynamic libraries, DLLs, entry points, headers ... how to get out of this alive?

    - by tunnuz
    Hello, I recently had to program C++ under Windows for an University project, and I'm pretty confused about static and dynamic libraries system, what the compiler needs, what the linker needs, how to build a library ... is there any good document about this out there? I'm pretty confused about the *nix library system as well (so, dylibs, the ar tool, how to compile them ...), can you point a review document about the current library techniques on the various architectures? Note: due to my poor knowledge this message could contain wrong concepts, feel free to edit it. Thank you Feel free to add more reference, I will add them to the summary. References Since most of you posted *nix or Windows specific references I will summarize here the best ones, I will mark as accepted answer the Wikipedia one, because is a good start point (and has references inside too) to get introduced to this stuff. Program Library Howto (Unix) Dynamic-Link Libraries (from MSDN) (Windows) DLL Information (StackOverflow) (Windows) Programming in C (Unix) An Overview of Compiling and Linking (Windows)

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  • Architectural conundrum

    - by Dejan
    The worst thing when working on a one man project is the lack of input that you usually get from your coworkers. And because of the lack of that you tend to make obvious mistakes. After going down that road for some time I would need some help from the community. I started a little home-brew project that should turn into a portal of some sorts. And the main thing that is bothering me is the persistence layer that i have concocted. It should be completely separated from the presentation layer for starters and a OR mapper is also somewhere. This is because I have multiple data stores that have to be used. So the base idea was that the individual "repositories" operate each on their individual database and that the business layer then aggregates the business objects which are then transformed in the presentation layer into view objects. The main problem I face is the following: Multiple classes for the same concept - There is a DAL representation of a user and BL representation of user and a view representation of a user. I can handle the transformation with a tool but is this really the right way. I mean they are all nicely separated, but the overhead is quite something. What do you think? Am I going too deep into the separation of concern rabbit hole or is this still normal?

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  • Considerations when architecting an application using Dependency Injection

    - by Dan Bryant
    I've begun experimenting with dependency injection (in particular, MEF) for one of my projects, which has a number of different extensibility points. I'm starting to get a feel for what I can do with MEF, but I'd like to hear from others who have more experience with the technology. A few specific cases: My main use case at the moment is exposing various singleton-like services that my extensions make use of. My Framework assembly exposes service interfaces and my Engine assembly contains concrete implementations. This works well, but I may not want to allow all of my extensions to have access to all of my services. Is there a good way within MEF to limit which particular imports I allow a newly instantiated extension to resolve? This particular application has extension objects that I repeatedly instantiate. I can import multiple types of Controllers and Machines, which are instantiated in different combinations for a Project. I couldn't find a good way to do this with MEF, so I'm doing my own type discovery and instantiation. Is there a good way to do this within MEF or other DI frameworks? I welcome input on any other things to watch out for or surprising capabilities you've discovered that have changed the way you architect.

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  • Proving that P <= NP

    - by Gail
    As most people know, P = NP is unproven and seems unlikely to be true. The proof would prove that P <= NP and NP <= P. Only one of those is hard, though. P <= NP is almost by definition true. In fact, that's the only way that I know how to state that P <= NP. It's just intuitive. How would you prove that P <= NP?

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  • Dynamic programming solution to the subset-sum decision problem

    - by Gail
    How can a dynamic programming solution for the unbounded knapsack decision problem be used to come up with a dynamic programming solution to the subset-sum decision problem? This limitation seems to render the unbounded knapsack problem useless. In the unbounded knapsack, we simply store true or false for if some subset of integers sum up to our target value. However, if we have a limit on the frequency of the use of these integers, the optimal substructure at least appears to fail. How can this be done?

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  • To Wrap or Not to Wrap: Wrapping Data Access in a Service Facade

    - by PureCognition
    For a while now, my team and I have been wrapping our data access layer in a web service facade (using WCF) and calling it from the business logic layer. Meanwhile, we could simply use the repository pattern where the business logic layer consumes the data access layer locally through an interface, and at any point in time, we can switch things out for it to hit a service instead (if necessary). The question is: When is it a good time to wrap the data access layer in a service facade and when isn't it? Right now, it seems like the main advantage is that other applications can consume the service, but if they are internal applications written in .NET then they can just consume the .NET assembly instead. Are there other advantages of having the DAL be wrapped in a service that I am unaware of?

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  • Asp.Net MVC2 TekPub Starter Site methodology question

    - by Pino
    Ok I've just ran into this and I was only supposed to be checking my emails however I've ended up watching this (and not far off subscribing to TekPub). http://tekpub.com/production/starter Now these app is a great starting point, but it raises one issue for me and the development process I've been shown to follow (rightly or wrongly). There is no conversion from the LinqToSql object when passing data to the view. Are there any negitives to this? The main one I can see is with validation, does this cause issues when using MVC's built in validation as this is somthing we use extensivly. Because we are using the built in objects generated by LinqToSql how would one go about adding validation, like [Required(ErrorMessage="Name is Required")] public string Name {get;set;} Interested to understand the benifits of this methodology and any negitives that, should we take it on, experiance through the development process.

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  • How do I dismiss an NSPanel when creating or opening a new document?

    - by mipadi
    I am working on a document-based Cocoa application. At startup, the user is presented with a "welcome panel" (of type NSPanel) with buttons for common actions like "Create New Document" and "Open Existing Document". These actions are linked to the first responder's newDocument: and openDocument: actions, respectively, just like the matching items in the File menu. Everything works as expected...with two caveats: The welcome panel is not dismissed when creating or opening a new document. Document windows do not have focus when they are created. I have partially solved #1 by making my application controller a delegate of the welcome panel. When clicking the "Open Existing Document" button, the panel resigns its key status (since a file browser dialog is being opened), so I can close the panel in the delegate's windowDidResignKey: method. However, I can't figure out how to close the panel when creating a new document, since I can't find a notification that is posted, or a delegate method that is called, when creating a new document. And ultimately, #2 is still a problem, since the document windows don't gain focus when they're created. I have only subclassed NSDocument -- I'm not using a custom document or window controller at all. I've also tried changing the panel to an NSWindow, thinking that an NSWindow may behave differently, but the same problems are occurring.

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  • What's the best way to reference a .DLL - as a normal reference or as a web service?

    - by dotnetdev
    Hi, What is the best way to reference an existing .NET dll (Class library)? Is there any benefit to expose web services from the class library and reference these as opposed to referencing the actual .dll (Although one benefit of the web service approach is the granularity and thus surface area exposed is up to you at coding time)? I am thinking with loose coupling in mind, as a criteria. Thanks

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  • Advantage of creating a generic repository vs. specific repository for each object?

    - by LuckyLindy
    We are developing an ASP.NET MVC application, and are now building the repository/service classes. I'm wondering if there are any major advantages to creating a generic IRepository interface that all repositories implement, vs. each Repository having its own unique interface and set of methods. For example: a generic IRepository interface might look like (taken from this answer): public interface IRepository : IDisposable { T[] GetAll<T>(); T[] GetAll<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter); T GetSingle<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter); T GetSingle<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, List<Expression<Func<T, object>>> subSelectors); void Delete<T>(T entity); void Add<T>(T entity); int SaveChanges(); DbTransaction BeginTransaction(); } Each Repository would implement this interface (e.g. CustomerRepository:IRepository, ProductRepository:IRepository, etc). The alternate that we've followed in prior projects would be: public interface IInvoiceRepository : IDisposable { EntityCollection<InvoiceEntity> GetAllInvoices(int accountId); EntityCollection<InvoiceEntity> GetAllInvoices(DateTime theDate); InvoiceEntity GetSingleInvoice(int id, bool doFetchRelated); InvoiceEntity GetSingleInvoice(DateTime invoiceDate, int accountId); //unique InvoiceEntity CreateInvoice(); InvoiceLineEntity CreateInvoiceLine(); void SaveChanges(InvoiceEntity); //handles inserts or updates void DeleteInvoice(InvoiceEntity); void DeleteInvoiceLine(InvoiceLineEntity); } In the second case, the expressions (LINQ or otherwise) would be entirely contained in the Repository implementation, whoever is implementing the service just needs to know which repository function to call. I guess I don't see the advantage of writing all the expression syntax in the service class and passing to the repository. Wouldn't this mean easy-to-messup LINQ code is being duplicated in many cases? For example, in our old invoicing system, we call InvoiceRepository.GetSingleInvoice(DateTime invoiceDate, int accountId) from a few different services (Customer, Invoice, Account, etc). That seems much cleaner than writing the following in multiple places: rep.GetSingle(x => x.AccountId = someId && x.InvoiceDate = someDate.Date); The only disadvantage I see to using the specific approach is that we could end up with many permutations of Get* functions, but this still seems preferable to pushing the expression logic up into the Service classes. What am I missing?

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  • Core principles, rules, and habits for CS students

    - by Asad Butt
    No doubt there is a lot to read on blogs, in books, and on Stack Overflow, but can we identify some guidelines for CS students to use while studying? For me these are: Finish your course books early and read 4-5 times more material relative to your course work. Programming is the one of the fastest evolving professions. Follow the blogs on a daily basis for the latest updates, news, and technologies. Instead of relying on assignments and exams, do at least one extra, non-graded, small to medium-sized project for every programming course. Fight hard for internships or work placements even if they are unpaid, since 3 months of work 1 year at college. Practice everything, every possible and impossible way. Try doing every bit of your assignments project yourself; i.e. fight for every inch. Rely on documentation as the first source for help and samples, Google, and online forums as the last source. Participate often in online communities and forums to learn the best possible approach for every solution to your problem. (After doing your bit.) Make testing one of your habits as it is getting more important everyday in programming. Make writing one of your habits. Write something productive once or twice a week and publish it.

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  • Is there a simple, safe way to trigger a GPU lockup on a susceptible computer?

    - by Abe
    Answers to my previous question, Ubuntu 12.04 froze, requiring powercycle. What should I look / grep for in the logs?, have led me to suspect that my computer is experiencing an intermittent GPU lockup. It has been happening about once a week, usually when I am using Chrome. Today it happened when I was creating a diagram on lucidchart I have a Dell Optiplex 755 with an ATI Radeon HD 2400 XT and dual monitors running in Xinerama mode. I am using 12.04 with the proprietary ATI driver installed. When the computer locks-up, I can still ssh in. And I would like to follow the instructions on reporting this provided at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/Freeze Is there a (safe) way to cause a GPU lockup so that I can go ahead and file a bug, rather than waiting until it happens again?

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  • Examples of monoids/semigroups in programming

    - by jkff
    It is well-known that monoids are stunningly ubiquitous in programing. They are so ubiquitous and so useful that I, as a 'hobby project', am working on a system that is completely based on their properties (distributed data aggregation). To make the system useful I need useful monoids :) I already know of these: Numeric or matrix sum Numeric or matrix product Minimum or maximum under a total order with a top or bottom element (more generally, join or meet in a bounded lattice, or even more generally, product or coproduct in a category) Set union Map union where conflicting values are joined using a monoid Intersection of subsets of a finite set (or just set intersection if we speak about semigroups) Intersection of maps with a bounded key domain (same here) Merge of sorted sequences, perhaps with joining key-equal values in a different monoid/semigroup Bounded merge of sorted lists (same as above, but we take the top N of the result) Cartesian product of two monoids or semigroups List concatenation Endomorphism composition. Now, let us define a quasi-property of an operation as a property that holds up to an equivalence relation. For example, list concatenation is quasi-commutative if we consider lists of equal length or with identical contents up to permutation to be equivalent. Here are some quasi-monoids and quasi-commutative monoids and semigroups: Any (a+b = a or b, if we consider all elements of the carrier set to be equivalent) Any satisfying predicate (a+b = the one of a and b that is non-null and satisfies some predicate P, if none does then null; if we consider all elements satisfying P equivalent) Bounded mixture of random samples (xs+ys = a random sample of size N from the concatenation of xs and ys; if we consider any two samples with the same distribution as the whole dataset to be equivalent) Bounded mixture of weighted random samples Which others do exist?

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  • Power of programming languages

    - by Casebash
    Are there any objective measures for measuring the power of programming languages? Turing-completeness is one, but it is not particularly discriminating. I also remember there being a few others measures of power which are more limited versions (like finite-state-autonoma), but is there any objective measure that is more powerful?

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  • How to choose programming language for projects?

    - by bdhar
    This is a question I constantly encounter when I attend any technical forums / discussions / interviews. There is a similar article but it focuses on business merits as well. What I am looking for is a guide (not a checklist like this one which is abstract and not so accurate) which helps an architect to choose the programming language to implement a requirement. Is there a book or article available for the same purpose?

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  • Stereo Matching - Dynamic Programming

    - by Varun
    Hi, I am supposed to implement Dynamic programming algorithm for Stereo matching problem. I have read 2 research papers but still haven't understood as to how do I write my own c++ program for that ! Is there any book or resource that's available somewhere that I can use to get an idea as to how to start coding actually ? Internet search only gives me journal and conference papers regarding Dynamic Programming but not how to implement the algorithm step by step. Thanks Varun

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  • Why is it useful to count the number of bits?

    - by Scorchin
    I've seen the numerous questions about counting the number of set bits in a insert type of input, but why is it useful? For those looking for algorithms about bit counting, look here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517848/counting-common-bits-in-a-sequence-of-unsigned-longs http://stackoverflow.com/questions/472325/fastest-way-to-count-number-of-bit-transitions-in-an-unsigned-int http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/best-algorithm-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer

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  • Good working habits to observe in project development?

    - by Will Marcouiller
    As my development experience grows, I see fit to stick to best practices from here and there to build somehow my own working practices while observing the conventions, etc. I'm currently working on a project which my goals is to graduate the security access model from an environment's Active Directory to another environment's automatically. I don't know for any of you, but as far as I'm concerned, I meet some real difficulties sticking to only one way, then develop. I mean, I learn something new everyday while visiting SO, and recently wanted to get acquainted with generics. On the other hand, I better know the Façade pattern which proved to be very practical in transactional programming in process systems. This seems to be less practical for desktop application as there are plenty of variables to consider in a desktop application that you don't have to care in transactional programming, as you're playing only with information data. As for my current project, I have: Groups; Organizational Units; Users. Which are all considered an entry in the Active Directory. This points out to be a good candidate for generics, as also approached this way by Bart de Smett's Linq to AD on CodePlex. He has a DirectorySource<T>, and to manage let's say groups, then he instantiate a source with the proper type: var groups = new DirectorySource<Group>(); This seems to be very a good way of doing. Despite, I seem to go from one pattern to another and I don't seem to be able to strictly stick to one. While I'm aware that one must not stay with only one way of doing, since each pattern statisfies certain advantages, while also illustrating disadvantages under some usage conditions, I seem to want to develop with both patterns having a singleton Façade class with the underlying factories which represent the sub systems: GroupsFactory; UsersFactory; OrganizationalUnitsFactory. Each of the factories offers the possible operations for their respective entity (group, user, OU). To make a very long story short, I often have plenty of ideas while developping and this causes me some trouble, as I go from an idea to another feeling completely lost after a while. Yet I understand the advantages and disavantages, I have no trouble choosing from one pattern to another depending on the situation. Nevertheless, when it comes to programming itself, if I'm not part of a team, I feel sometimes like I can't do anything good. That is, because I can't stand not doing something "perfect" the first time. The role I play within the project is both: the project manager and the programmer. I am more comfortable in the project manager role, architectural role, analytical role than the developer's. Has any of you some good habbits to observe in project development? Thanks to you all! =)

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  • Calling sp and Performance strategy.

    - by Costa
    Hi I find my self in a situation where I have to choose between either creating a new sp in database and create the middle layer code. so loose some precious development time. also the procedure is likely to contain some joins. Or use two existing sp(s), the problem of this approach is that I am doing two round trips to database. which can be poor performance especially if I have database in another server. Which approach you will go?, and why? thanks

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  • Squid handling of concurrent cache misses

    - by Oliver H-H
    We're using a Squid cache to off-load traffic from our web servers, ie. it's setup as a reverse-proxy responding to inbound requests before they hit our web servers. When we get blitzed with concurrent requests for the same request that's not in the cache, Squid proxies all the requests through to our web ("origin") servers. For us, this behavior isn't ideal: our origin servers gets bogged down trying to fulfill N identical requests concurrently. Instead, we'd like the first request to proxy through to the origin server, the rest of the requests to queue at the Squid layer, and then all be fulfilled by Squid when the origin server has responded to that first request. Does anyone know how to configure Squid to do this? We've read through the documentation multiple times and thoroughly web-searched the topic, but can't figure out how to do it. We use Akamai too and, interestingly, this is its default behavior. (However, Akamai has so many nodes that we still see lots of concurrent requests in certain traffic spike scenarios, even with Akamai's super-node feature enabled.) This behavior is clearly configurable for some other caches, eg. the Ehcache documentation offers the option "Concurrent Cache Misses: A cache miss will cause the filter chain, upstream of the caching filter to be processed. To avoid threads requesting the same key to do useless duplicate work, these threads block behind the first thread." Some folks call this behavior a "blocking cache," since the subsequent concurrent requests block behind the first request until it's fulfilled or timed-out. Thx for looking over my noob question! Oliver

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  • Store html form on client or server while building?

    - by Brett
    Hi, I have a fairly complex html form enhanced via jquery. It has multiple tabs, within each one things like a html form builder, uploads, descriptions. There is lots of data, and as the user flicks around the various tabs I'm thinking of posting the data to the server. For example, the form builder, has about 10 properties for each field, as the user flicks between the various fields, an ajax request saves the current values, then loads a new set from the new field clicked on. When the user hits save, the idea is then on the server all these bits and pieces come together and become the live version (i may store them as a temp version while the user is working away). So I guess my question is, for complex forms where the same fields are re-used within the one form, does anyone attempt to save all this data locally and upload it in one hit or do most of you do little ajax post's and compile it all when the final save button is hit? b

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