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• Use HAProxy or Nginx to Load Balance between VPS

  - by xperator

  I want to load balance + failover backup multiple vps webservers hosted on different providers. I heard that for HAProxy you need multiple server under the same subnet, plus a shared (virtual) ip address between load balancers. But it's not possible in my case cause every VPS is on different node/network. Is there a way to use HAProxy in this kind of setup ? ( Please explain how briefly, I don't want to hear your "YES" answer ) What about NginX? Is it possible to achieve same result with Nginx ? (when servers are located on different nets) I know about Round Rubin DNS, but it doesn't provide a real failover solution, neither a load balance between servers.

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• DNS propagation

  - by Paddington

  I have 1 primary DNS server (ns1.mydomain.com) running on Fedora and 2 secondary ones (ns2 and ns3). DNS changes made on my web servers first goes to the primary name server and then propagates to the secondary servers. After making a DNS change on a domain on the web server, I can't see the new dns information on my ns1 when I perform: dig @ns1 A blahblah.com I then went to the master records on the names server (uses named) in the directory /var/named/run-root/var/named/masters and I see the A record has been updated appropriately. Tailing the logs /var/log/messages is not showing any errors. What could be the issue?

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• Ubuntu hangs on boot when NFS-mounting entries in /etc/fstab, but they mount cleanly otherwise

  - by lorin

  I'm managing several Ubuntu 9.10 servers that NFS mount several folders (including /home). I'd like these folders to be mounted at boot time. I would like to have several entries in my /etc/fstab to accomplish this, e.g. 192.168.1.100:/home /home nfs rw 0 0 192.168.1.100:/usr/ansys_inc /ansys_inc nfs ro 0 0 Unfortunately, with this configuration, the servers usually (although not always) hang during the bootup sequence when trying to do the NFS mount. if I comment out these fstab entries, reboot the machine, uncomment them and mount them manually using the shell, the folders mount cleanly. I'm not sure how to go about debugging this problem. It seems like it has something to do with the boot sequence, that some relevant process hasn't been started by the time the OS tries to mount the folders.

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• How secure is using "Normal password" for SMTP with connection type = STARTTLS?

  - by harshath.jr

  I'm using an email client for the first time - for the most part I've always used gmail via the web interface. Now I'm setting up thunderbird to connect to an email server of my own (on my own server, own domain name, etc). The server machine (and the email server on it) was preconfigured for me. Now i figured out away by which I'm able to send and receive email, but I noticed that in the outgoing and incoming servers section, the connection type was STARTTLS (and not SSL/TLS), and the Authentication Type was "Normal Password". Does this mean that the password will be sent across in plain text? I'm very paranoid about security - its the only way that it works for me. Can someone please post links that explain how SMTP (my outbound server) and IMAP (my inbound server) servers work, and what connection type means what? Thanks! PS: If this question does not belong here, please redirect me.

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• Amazon EC2 Web server in Load Balancer gives 503

  - by dale

  we've been running our web servers at Amazon with load balancer and auto-scaling for over a year with no problem. All of a sudden today the request began to get aborted with the error: 503 ... Backend server is at capacity The web servers are at 1% CPU and no other alarms trigger. We use Amazons load balancer and nginx. Lots of requests like this are showing up in the access_log. 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:09 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:09 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:09 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:09 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:10 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:10 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.246.114.93 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:10 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.229.15.214 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:10 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 10.229.15.214 - - [05/Jun/2014:20:16:10 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" Any thoughts?

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• Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing - strategy for zero downtime server restart

  - by Yoga

  I have 5 web servers (Apache/mod_perl) behind Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing, when I deploy codes to the web servers, I am doing this.. For each machine, shutdown the Apache Update the code Start over the server and proceed to the next server I think when my server is shutdown, ELB will not distribute request to my server, but how about the request still serving? I think a better approach is Stop accepting new request from ELB Sleep for sometimes, shutdown web server only if all requests are responded Update the codes Start the server again But how to perform (1) and (2) from my local sever? Do I need to use AWS API? or other easy way to do it? Thanks.

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• rsync without password, none of google (server fault) tutorials worked

  - by Jake Armstrong

  I need to use rsync for a daily backup operation and in the past (on different servers) I managed to just use a rsa key etc, but now none of google (serverfault) tutorials work at all. It keeps asking me for a password. I have webmin and ssh/root access to both servers. My steps: create a key on server 1 send key.pub to server 2 add key.pub to .ssh/authorized_keys chmod 700 .ssh/authorized_keys go back to server 1 and try rsync and it keep asking for password... rsync command: rsync -avz -e ssh file.txt root@server2:/root EDIT: well, I cleaned up everything and this time, instead of inserting a custom name to the key I used the standard one on server1. sent the .pub to server2 and it worked as a charm... So the answer is that server1's ssh wasn't even using the right key...

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• How can HAProxy improve availibility, or "how can I prevent my site from going down"? [closed]

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I am aware of what HAProxy does, but what if my HAproxy goes down? Or what if my DNS servers go down? Yes, dns is less the problem. However dns only solves to an IP and an IP is announced via BGP to be routed over some router. What if that router goes down? Of course if I have complicated application servers that are likely to fail HAProxy can significantly improve uptime. But my application isnt. In fact my application may very well just be delivering a small static html file via HTTP. Basically if any user anywhere types in MYDOMAIN.COM, I want the user to get SOMETHING on the screen other than a timeout or DNS resolution error. How can I do that? The point of entry is difficult. The so called "initial closure mechanism".

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• Hyper-V and host-installed hardware devices: can guest VMs access?

  - by gravyface

  Have a couple of servers I'd like to setup as Hyper-V Servers, with a couple of Windows 2008 Standard VMs. On the host, we have a few hardware devices we'd like to be accessible to the guest; I'm not sure if these are supported via a raw "pass-thru" on Hyper-V (which I don't have alot of experience with) if the same drivers are installed on the guest. Hardware in question is a Brooktrout fax card, a SCSI adapter for the tape drive, and a 9-pin serial connected to one of the core firewalls for management.

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• How two use 2 subnets on one network

  - by BGuy2010

  I have some servers at a colocation. They've given us an IP range,subnet,and gateway. Now we have run out of IP's and they've given us a new range of IP's but with a different subnet and gateway. We have a Juniper NetScreen firewall and a load balancer, and I am not sure how to proceed in order to be able to use these new IPS that are on a different subnet. Do I need to setup a new VLAN? on our firewall? I tried adding one of the new IP's on one of our servers, with the new subnet and gateway. I could ping the alternate gateway, but could not ping the assigned IP from outside or from inside.

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• Running a VM off of an external HD via USB

  - by Nelson LaQuet

  Is it viable to run (i.e. reference the vmx/vhd directly from the mounted drive) a VM (vmware running Windows Seven) off of an external HD via USB? I mean, I know it's possible, but I guess I'm asking if USB provides enough bandwidth for normal usage... If so, are there any particular brands that may be better or worse? I know that ESATA would be a more viable setup, but my laptop doesn't have an ESATA port. Currently I use the VM to segregate all of my work development servers and software from my main machine; so I will be running all development servers and tools on the VM directly.

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• Uninstalling PowerShell 1.0

  - by Ddono25

  I am attempting to standardize our PowerShell deployment and usage across all servers, which involves uninstalling PS1.0/installing PS2.0 on Server 2003 machines. In searching for KB926139 through CMD and Control Panel Add/Remove Programs, it is nowhere to be found. We have KB926141 installed on these servers as the Language Pack update, but no initial Install Update. PowerShell 1.0 is installed on the server and can be found at the default locations (%windir%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0, %windir%\Syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0). I would like to avoid deleting the Registry Entry in this situation since it should be pretty simple, any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• Clustering with Vsphere and Apache load balacing

  - by Anonymous2011

  I was looking at Vsphere to automatically load balance my apache web servers, and mysql servers but will this actually do the job? I know it says it does auto load balancing but not actually sure it quite means what I want to achieve. Is there an easier way to set up a php-apache and mysql cluster within virtual machines? Or are there any guides to clustering? (I have tried googling without much luck) Any help towards understanding/setting up clustering and load balancing within virtual machines appreciated.

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• What applications is NTFS preferable for? [closed]

  - by javano

  When building a new server I prefer to deploy Linux as my OS of choice. This gives me the luxury of being able to choose from various file systems (amongst other aspects), and I will choose a different FS for different servers, depending on what they will be used for. With Windows OS variants you can only use NTFS. Have any benchmarks or tests been performed that have shown NTFS to be a preferable choice for a given scenario or application (apart from just "running Windows" because it has to be on NTFS). To clarify what I mean; I might use filesystem X for large transactional storage volumes, but filesystem Y for front end web app servers. If I had a multi-platform application to deploy that (let's pretend) was available on Mac/Win/Lin, is there any type of application or scenario that would benefit from being on NTFS?

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• Hyper-V and host-installed hardware devices: can guest VMs access?

  - by gravyface

  Have a couple of servers I'd like to setup as Hyper-V Servers, with a couple of Windows 2008 Standard VMs. On the host, we have a few hardware devices we'd like to be accessible to the guest; I'm not sure if these are supported via a raw "pass-thru" on Hyper-V (which I don't have a lot of experience with) if the same drivers are installed on the guest. Hardware in question is a Brooktrout fax card, a SCSI adapter for the tape drive, and a 9-pin serial connected to one of the core firewalls for management.

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• How should we serve files in a small bioinformatics cluster?

  - by cespinoza

  We have a small cluster of six ubuntu servers. We run bioinformatics analyses on these clusters. Each analysis takes about 24 hours to complete, each core i7 server can handle 2 at a time, takes as input about 5GB data and outputs about 10-25GB of data. We run dozens of these a week. The software is a hodgepodge of custom perl scripts and 3rd party sequence alignment software written in C/C++. Currently, files are served from two of the compute nodes (yes, we're using compute nodes as file servers)-- each node has 5 1TB sata drives mounted separately (no raid) and is pooled via glusterfs 2.0.1. They each have as 3 bonded intel ethernet pci gigabit ethernet cards, attached to a d-link DGS-1224T switch ($300 24 port consumer-level). We are not currently using jumbo frames (not sure why, actually). The two file-serving compute nodes are then mirrored via glusterfs. Each of the four other nodes mounts the files via glusterfs. The files are all large (4gb+), and are stored as bare files (no database/etc) if that matters. As you can imagine, this is a bit of a mess that grew organically without forethought and we want to improve it now that we're running out of space. Our analyses are I/O intensive and it is a bottle neck-- we're only getting 140mB/sec between the two fileservers, maybe 50mb/sec from the clients (which only have single NICs). We have a flexible budget which I can probably get up $5k or so. How should we spend our budget? We need at least 10TB of storage fast enough to serve all nodes. How fast/big does the cpu/memory of such a file server have to be? Should we use NFS, ATA over Ethernet, iSCSI, Glusterfs, or something else? Should we buy two or more servers and create some sort of storage cluster, or is 1 server enough for such a small number of nodes? Should we invest in faster NICs (say, PCI-express cards with multiple connectors)? The switch? Should we use raid, if so, hardware or software? and which raid (5, 6, 10, etc)? Any ideas appreciated. We're biologists, not IT gurus.

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• spurious hardware memory 'errors' on hp dl380 g5's being generated

  - by friedchicken

  Hi All, i've got 2 new HP dl380g5 servers running HP's esxi4 patched to 219382. they have both been patched up to the latest hp firmware levels (firmware cd 8.7) both are running 32gb (4 x 8gb sticks) both servers are showing the same symptoms - the memory lights come on for two (random) dimms on the front of the server and the health led turns red. sometimes the server stays up and running with no problems. othertimes the server locks dead and only a power reset can bring it back. there is nothing showing in the ilo logs and nothing within the vmware hardware monitoring. the memory has been replaced i've got other customers that have been running dl380g5's with out any issues on esx3.5 - this is our first vsphere deployment with them. these are meant to go live soon so any advice would be great. thanks in advance.

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• Different configurations for ssh client depending on ip address or hostname

  - by John Smith Optional

  I have this in my ~/.ssh/config directory: Host 12.34.56.78 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/my_identity_file When I ssh to 12.34.56.78, everything works fine. I'm asked for the passphrase for "my_identity_file" and I can connect to the server. However, sometimes I'd also like to ssh to another server. But whatever the server, if I do: ssh [email protected] I'm also asked for the passphrase for "my_identity_file" (even though the server has a different ip address). This is very annoying because I don't have the public key for this file set up on all my servers. I'd like to connect to this other server (an old shared hosting account) with a password, and now I cant. How do I manage to use the key authentication only with one server, and keep using password by default for servers that aren't listed in my ~/.ssh/config ? Thanks for your help.

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• How does an NTP host switch among the various modes?

  - by James A. Rosen

  The NTPv3 RFC describes five operating modes: Symmetric Active (1): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Symmetric Passive (2): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a message from a peer operating in the symmetric active mode and persists only as long as the peer is reachable and operating at a stratum level less than or equal to the host; otherwise, the association is dissolved. However, the association will always persist until at least one message has been sent in reply. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Client (3): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN workstation, announces its willingness to be synchronized by, but not to synchronize the peer. Server (4): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a client request message and exists only in order to reply to that request, after which the association is dissolved. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server, announces its willingness to synchronize, but not to be synchronized by the peer. Broadcast (5): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of the peers. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server operating on a high-speed broadcast medium, announces its willingness to synchronize all of the peers, but not to be synchronized by any of them. It seems to me, though, that any host except a leaf node would probably be in several modes. For example, I might have a local area network with three NTP servers, each in Symmetric Active (1) mode with respect to one another. They would also each be clients (3) of one of the many public stratum two time servers. Lastly, they would all server as servers (4) to the many local clients. Is the point that they're only in a given mode for a moment during the synchronization? If so, how does a host know to switch? I'm only looking for enough depth here to discuss the issue in an educated manner, not to write a custom time server.

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• Proxy service likes Apache Http

  - by Aptos

  Currently I try to simulate my app as distributed servers, so I let them run on localhost:9000 and localhost:9001, i tried using apache load balancer but it is really hard to config on mac, my idea is the second server localhost:9001 will be kept ideal and the requests only be redirected to them when the first server is downed. Is there any good free program can do that ? (except Apache httpd). Extra functions: my application is written in java and maintain an in-memory object, is there any service that can synchronize that object between 2 servers so they can keep uptodate status of other (the second one takes state of the first one)? Is there any app can support that? Thank you very much.

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• What do you do with a 15 node decommissioned Itanium cluster?

  - by Gomibushi

  We are decommissioning a 15 node Itanium cluster. We don't know what to do with it. Being geeks we want to put it (or its individual nodes) to some cool use, but since it is Itanium we are a bit unsure what that could/would be. We are not bringing it back as production servers and we are considering giving them away, if anyone wants them. It's not the most spiffy hardware, but being 2U rack servers they pack an ok amount of cpu and memory, they're about 3 years old perhaps. Ideas to what runs well on them? Or something one can use them as?

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• Network Monitoring Tool Recommendation

  - by user42801

  Hello, My company is looking for a monitoring app/tool that would allow us to capture and graph statistics on network performance. As a starting point, we would like to ping remote host(s) and gateway(s) from several of our servers, grab an average of the ping times from each of our servers to the remote host(s), and then graph it (preferably in a central location). Also, we would like to be able to graph the results for time frames as short as a week to as long as 6 months. It is reasonable to expect that we would ask more of the selected monitoring app/tool as we come up with other key network performance indicators in the future. So an app with great flexibility and features would be ideal. Upon first glance, Cacti looks like it might be a fit. Any other recommendations? Thanks in advance for any input.

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• Can't use HTTPS with ServerXMLHTTP object

  - by Imraan

  I am supporting a Classic ASP application that connects to a payment gateway via HTTPS. Up until recently there have been no issues. A few days ago this broke without the code, IIS config or anything local changing. Its broken on at least 3 separate servers. The last run of Windows Updates was in late November, but bringing the servers' updates up date has not resolved the problem. A code snippet is below. Dim oHttp Dim strResult Set oHttp = CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") oHttp.setOption 2, 13056 oHttp.open "POST", SOAP_ENDPOINT, false oHttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8" oHttp.setRequestHeader "SOAPAction", SOAP_NS + "/" & SOAP_FUNCTION oHttp.send SOAP_REQUEST Below is a dump of the error object :- Number: -2147012852 Description: A certificate is required to complete client authentication Message: A certificate is required to complete client authentication I initially posted the question on Stackoverflow (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9212985/cant-use-https-with-serverxmlhttp-object) thinking it was a code issue, but further investigation seems to point to a server issue.

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• Mitigating the 'firesheep' attack at the network layer?

  - by pobk

  What are the sysadmin's thoughts on mitigating the 'firesheep' attack for servers they manage? Firesheep is a new firefox extension that allows anyone who installs it to sidejack session it can discover. It does it's discovery by sniffing packets on the network and looking for session cookies from known sites. It is relatively easy to write plugins for the extension to listen for cookies from additional sites. From a systems/network perspective, we've discussed the possibility of encrypting the whole site, but this introduces additional load on servers and screws with site-indexing, assets and general performance. One option we've investigated is to use our firewalls to do SSL Offload, but as I mentioned earlier, this would require all of the site to be encrypted. What's the general thoughts on protecting against this attack vector? I've asked a similar question on StackOverflow, however, it would be interesting to see what the systems engineers thought.

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• Do TCP connections work differently within the same subnet?

  - by Dean

  I've encountered some network behaviour that confuses me while trying to get Java RMI working. I use netcat to connect to a local machine: [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 192.168.0.100 60000 && echo success success I try to do the same to my server: [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 my-servers-ip 60000 && echo success This doesn't work, unless I explicitly listen on the server socket: [amazon_ec2]$ nc -l 60000 [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 my-servers-ip 60000 && echo success success For the version that fails, the SYN packet receives a RST, ACK in response. I'm not too knowledgable about this stuff, at this point I only have wild theories such as the one in the question. Any ideas? Potentially useful details: Local Machine (192.168.0.100) - Macbook Remote Machine (Amazon EC2) - Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 Security Group Settings: 22 (SSH) 0.0.0.0/0 1099 0.0.0.0/0 49152-65535 0.0.0.0/0 "iptables -L" shows no rules set

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