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  • Examine one particular call and ignore the rest

    - by lulalala
    I have a Currency class and want to update its rates. The following is the spec of an update class I plan to write: describe WebCrawlers::Currency::FeedParser do let(:gbp){ double('GBP').as_null_object } let(:usd){ double('USD').as_null_object } describe '#perform' do before do Currency.stub(:find_by_name).with('GBP').and_return( gbp ) Currency.stub(:find_by_name).with('USD').and_return( usd ) end it 'should update GBP rate' do gbp.should_receive(:update_attributes).with(rate_to_usd:0.63114) subject.perform end it 'should not update USD rate' do usd.should_not_receive(:update_attributes) subject.perform end end end and it works find if I only update GBP in my actual class: class WebCrawlers::Currency::FeedParser def perform Currency.find_by_name('GBP').update_attributes(rate_to_usd: 0.63114) end end However once I start updating other currencies like 'CAD', Rspec complains <Currency> received :find_by_name with unexpected arguments expected: ("USD") got: ("CAD") Why is this the case? Instead of NOT expecting USD, it says it is. And in the future there will be lots of currencies to update, but I don't want to test and stub each one of them. How can I resolve this issue?

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  • usage of 2 charectors in single qoutes in c

    - by user1632141
    #include<stdio.h> int main() { char ch = 'A'; printf("%d\n",'ag'); printf("%d\n",'a'); printf("%d, %d, %d, %d", sizeof(ch), sizeof('a'), sizeof('Ag'), sizeof(3.14f)); return 0; } I used to have many doubts on the output of this question while running on g++ and gcc. But I have cleared almost all the doubts by referring these links: Single and double quotes in C/C++ Single quotes vs. double quotes in C I still need to understand one thing about the output of this question. Can someone please explain the output of printf("%d\n",'ag'); mentioned above in the program. How is it actually stored in the memory? The output for the program on the Linux/GCC platform is: 24935 97 1, 4, 4, 4

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  • NSNotifications vs delegate for multiple instances of same protocol

    - by Brent Traut
    I could use some architectural advice. I've run into the following problem a few times now and I've never found a truly elegant way to solve it. The issue, described at the highest level possible:I have a parent class that would like to act as the delegate for multiple children (all using the same protocol), but when the children call methods on the parent, the parent no longer knows which child is making the call. I would like to use loose coupling (delegates/protocols or notifications) rather than direct calls. I don't need multiple handlers, so notifications seem like they might be overkill. To illustrate the problem, let me try a super-simplified example: I start with a parent view controller (and corresponding view). I create three child views and insert each of them into the parent view. I would like the parent view controller to be notified whenever the user touches one of the children. There are a few options to notify the parent: Define a protocol. The parent implements the protocol and sets itself as the delegate to each of the children. When the user touches a child view, its view controller calls its delegate (the parent). In this case, the parent is notified that a view is touched, but it doesn't know which one. Not good enough. Same as #1, but define the methods in the protocol to also pass some sort of identifier. When the child tells its delegate that it was touched, it also passes a pointer to itself. This way, the parent know exactly which view was touched. It just seems really strange for an object to pass a reference to itself. Use NSNotifications. The parent defines a separate method for each of the three children and then subscribes to the "viewWasTouched" notification for each of the three children as the notification sender. The children don't need to attach themselves to the user dictionary, but they do need to send the notification with a pointer to themselves as the scope. Same as #4, but rather than using separate methods, the parent could just use one with a switch case or other branching along with the notification's sender to determine which path to take. Create multiple man-in-the-middle classes that act as the delegates to the child views and then call methods on the parent either with a pointer to the child or with some other differentiating factor. This approach doesn't seem scalable. Are any of these approaches considered best practice? I can't say for sure, but it feels like I'm missing something more obvious/elegant.

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  • In a binary search Tree

    - by user1044800
    In a binary search tree that takes a simple object.....when creating the getter and setter methods for the left, right, and parent. do I a do a null pointer? as in this=this or do I create the object in each method? Code bellow... This is my code: public void setParent(Person parent) { parent = new Person( parent.getName(), parent.getWeight()); //or is the parent supposed to be a null pointer ???? This is the code it came from: public void setParent(Node parent) { this.parent = parent; } Their code takes a node from the node class...my set parent is taking a person object from my person class.....

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  • Function declaration in C and C++

    - by Happy Mittal
    I have two C++ files, say file1.cpp and file2.cpp as //file1.cpp #include<cstdio> void fun(int i) { printf("%d\n",i); } //file2.cpp void fun(double); int main() { fun(5); } When I compile them and link them as c++ files, I get an error "undefined reference to fun(double)". But when I do this as C files, I don't get error and 0 is printed instead of 5. Please explain the reason. Moreover I want to ask whether we need to declare a function before defining it because I haven't declared it in file1.cpp but no error comes in compilation.

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  • Buffering db inserts in multithreaded program

    - by Winter
    I have a system which breaks a large taks into small tasks using about 30 threads as a time. As each individual thread finishes it persists its calculated results to the database. What I want to achieve is to have each thread pass its results to a new persisance class that will perform a type of double buffering and data persistance while running in its own thread. For example, after 100 threads have moved their data to the buffer the persistance class then the persistance class swaps the buffers and persists all 100 entries to the database. This would allow utilization of prepared statements and thus cut way down on the I/O between the program and the database. Is there a pattern or good example of this type of multithreading double buffering?

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  • Unsigneds in order to prevent negative numbers

    - by Bruno Brant
    let's rope I can make this non-sujective Here's the thing: Sometimes, on fixed-typed languages, I restrict input on methods and functions to positive numbers by using the unsigned types, like unsigned int or unsigned double, etc. Most libraries, however, doesn't seem to think that way. Take C# string.Length. It's a integer, even though it can never be negative. Same goes for C/C++: sqrt input is an int or a double. I know there are reasons for this ... for example your argument might be read from a file and (no idea why) you may prefer to send the value directly to the function and check for errors latter (or use a try-catch block). So, I'm assuming that libraries are way better designed than my own code. So what are the reasons against using unsigned numbers to represent positive numbers? It's because of overflow when we cast then back to signed types?

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  • Controlling the visibility of a Bitmap in .NET

    - by ET
    Hi everyone, I am trying to create this simple application in c#: when the user double clicks on specific location in the form, a little circle will be drawn. By one click, if the current location is marked by a circle - the circle will be removed. I am trying to do this by simply register the MouseDoubleClick and MouseClick events, and to draw the circle from a .bmp file the following way: private void MouseDoubleClick (object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); Bitmap myImage = (Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile("Circle.bmp"); g.DrawImage(myImage, e.X, e.Y); } My problem is that I dont know how to make the circle unvisible when the user clicks its location: I know how to check if the selected location contains a circle (by managing a list of all the locations containig circles...), but I dont know how exactly to delete it. Another question: should I call the method this.CreateGraphics() everytime the user double-clicks a location, as I wrote in my code snippet, or should I call it once on initialization?

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  • Problem with pointers and getstring function

    - by volting
    I am trying to write a function to get a string from the uart1. Its for an embedded system so I don't want to use malloc. The pointer that is passed to the getstring function seems to point to garbage after the gets_e_uart1() is called. I don't use pointers too often so I'm sure it is something really stupid and trivial that Im doing wrong. Regards, V int main() { char *ptr = 0; while(1) { gets_e_uart1(ptr, 100); puts_uart1(ptr); } return 0; }*end main*/ //------------------------------------------------------------------------- //gets a string and echos it //returns 0 if there is no error char getstring_e_uart1(char *stringPtr_, const int SIZE_) { char buffer_[SIZE_]; stringPtr_ = buffer_; int start_ = 0, end_ = SIZE_ - 1; char errorflag = 0; /*keep geting chars until newline char recieved*/ while((buffer_[start_++] = getchar_uart1())!= 0x0D) { putchar_uart1(buffer_[start_]);//echo it /*check for end of buffer wraparound if neccesary*/ if(start_ == end_) { start_ = 0; errorflag = 1; } } putchar_uart1('\n'); putchar_uart1('\r'); /*check for end of buffer wraparound if neccesary*/ if(start_ == end_) { buffer_[0] = '\0'; errorflag = 1; } else { buffer_[start_++] = '\0'; } return errorflag; } Update: I decided to go with approach of passing a pointer an array to the function. This works nicely, thanks to everyone for the informative answers. Updated Code: //------------------------------------------------------------------------- //argument 1 should be a pointer to an array, //and the second argument should be the size of the array //gets a string and echos it //returns 0 if there is no error char getstring_e_uart1(char *stringPtr_, const int SIZE_) { char *startPtr_ = stringPtr_; char *endPtr_ = startPtr_ + (SIZE_ - 1); char errorflag = 0; /*keep geting chars until newline char recieved*/ while((*stringPtr_ = getchar_uart1())!= 0x0D) { putchar_uart1(*stringPtr_);//echo it stringPtr_++; /*check for end of buffer wraparound if neccesary*/ if(stringPtr_ == endPtr_) { stringPtr_ = startPtr_; errorflag = 1; } } putchar_uart1('\n'); putchar_uart1('\r'); /*check for end of buffer wraparound if neccesary*/ if(stringPtr_ == endPtr_) { stringPtr_ = startPtr_; *stringPtr_ = '\0'; errorflag = 1; } else { *stringPtr_ = '\0'; } return errorflag; }

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  • Efficiency: Creating an array of doubles incrementally?

    - by Alan
    Consider the following code: List<double> l = new List<double>(); //add unknown number of values to the list l.Add(0.1); //assume we don't have these values ahead of time. l.Add(0.11); l.Add(0.1); l.ToArray(); //ultimately we want an array of doubles Anything wrong with this approach? Is there a more appropriate way to build an array, without knowing the size, or elements ahead of time?

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  • Some issue with bufferedReader

    - by thetna
    I have a java function as follows: public HashMap<String, ArrayList<Double>> embedWords(BufferedReader buffR1 { ArrayList<String > arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(); arrayList = getWords(buffR1); System.out.println("Word size:"+ arrayList.size()); ArrayList<ArrayList<Double>> arrList = getWordFeature(buffR1); System.out.println("Size of arrList:embedWords:"+arrList.size()); } Here , the problem is , the both of the function getWords and getWordFeatures can't give the size value. When i comment function getWords the function getWordFeature returns non-zero value .But when uncommented , the output is as follows: Word size:15055 Size of arrList:embedWords: 0

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  • C# / IronPython Interop and the "float" data type

    - by Adam Haile
    Working on a project that uses some IronPython scripts to as plug-ins, that utilize functionality coded in C#. In one of my C# classes, I have a property that is of type: Dictionary<int, float> I set the value of that property from the IronPython code, like this: mc = MyClass() mc.ValueDictionary = Dictionary[int, float]({1:0.0, 2:0.012, 3:0.024}) However, when this bit of code is run, it throws the following exception: Microsoft.Scripting.ArgumentTypeException was unhandled by user code Message=expected Dictionary[int, Single], got Dictionary[int, float] To make things weirder, originally the C# code used Dictionary<int, double> but I could not find a "double" type in IronPython, tried "float" on a whim and it worked fine, giving no errors. But now that it's using float on both ends (which it should have been using from the start) it errors, and thinks that the C# code is using the "Single" data type?! I've even checked in the object browser for the C# library and, sure enough, it shows as using a "float" type and not "Single"

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  • Matrix multiplication using Matrix Template library (MTL 4)

    - by Lxc
    The program is as following: #include <iostream> #include <boost/numeric/mtl/mtl.hpp> using namespace mtl; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { dense_vector<double> a(5,1.0); dense_vector<double> b(5,2.0); a * trans(b); } I want to calculate a * trans(b), but there is a compling error :C2893. Will someone help me? Thanks a lot!

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  • Program crash for array copy with ifort

    - by Stefano Borini
    This program crashes with Illegal instruction: 4 on MacOSX Lion and ifort (IFORT) 12.1.0 20111011 program foo real, pointer :: a(:,:), b(:,:) allocate(a(5400, 5400)) allocate(b(5400, 3600)) a=1.0 b(:, 1:3600) = a(:, 1:3600) print *, a print *, b deallocate(a) deallocate(b) end program The same program works with gfortran. I don't see any problem. Any ideas ? Unrolling the copy and performing the explicit loop over the columns works in both compilers. Note that with allocatable instead of pointer I have no problems. The behavior is the same if the statement is either inside a module or not. I confirm the same behavior on Linux using ifort (IFORT) 12.1.3 20120130.

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  • Why does casting a NaN to a long yeild a valid result?

    - by brainimus
    In the sample code below I am dividing by zero which when I step through it with the debugger the (dividend / divisor) yeilds an Infinity or NaN (if the divisor is zero). When I cast this result to a long I get a valid result, usually something like -9223372036854775808. Why is this cast valid? Why doesn't it stop executing (throw an exception for example) rather than assign an arbitrary value? double divisor = 0; double dividend = 7; long result = (long)(dividend / divisor);

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  • How can i use listDictionary?

    - by Phsika
    i can fill my listdictinary but, if running error returns to me in " foreach (string ky in ld.Keys)"(invalid operation Exception was unhandled) Error Detail : After creating a pointer to the list of sample collection has been changed. C# ListDictionary ld = new ListDictionary(); foreach (DataColumn dc in dTable.Columns) { MessageBox.Show(dTable.Rows[0][dc].ToString()); ld.Add(dc.ColumnName, dTable.Rows[0][dc].ToString()); } foreach (string ky in ld.Keys) if (int.TryParse(ld[ky].ToString(), out QuantityInt)) ld[ky] = "integer"; else if(double.TryParse(ld[ky].ToString(), out QuantityDouble)) ld[ky]="double"; else ld[ky]="nvarchar";

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  • JNI AttachCurrentThread NULLs the jenv

    - by Damg
    Hello all, I'm currently in the process of adding JNI functionality into a legacy delphi app. In a single-threaded environment everything works fine, but as soon as I move into multi-threaded environment, things start to become hairy. My problem is that calling JavaVM^.AttachCurrentThread( JavaVM, @JEnv, nil ); returns 0, but puts the JEnv pointer to nil. I have no idea why jvm.dll should return a NULL pointer. Is there anything I am missing? Thank you in advance -- damg PS: * Environment: WinXP + JDK 1.6 * Using JNI.pas from http://www.pacifier.com/~mmead/jni/delphi/

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  • Add up values from a text file

    - by Stanley
    Hi Guys I have a text file that contains Amounts at Substring (34, 47) of each line. I need to sum Up all the Values to the End of the File. I have this code that I had started to build but I do not know how to proceed from here: public class Addup { /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { // TODO code application logic here FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream("C:/Analysis/RL004.TXT"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fs)); String line; while((line = br.readLine()) != null){ String num = line.substring(34, 47); double i = Double.parseDouble(num); System.out.println(i); } } } The output is like this: 1.44576457E4 2.33434354E6 4.56875685E3 The Amount is in two decimal Places and I need the result also in the Two decimal Places. What Is the Best way to achieve this?

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  • How to approach copying objects with smart pointers as class attributes?

    - by tomislav-maric
    From the boost library documentation I read this: Conceptually, smart pointers are seen as owning the object pointed to, and thus responsible for deletion of the object when it is no longer needed. I have a very simple problem: I want to use RAII for pointer attributes of a class that is Copyable and Assignable. The copy and assignment operations should be deep: every object should have its own copy of the actual data. Also, RTTI needs to be available for the attributes (their type may also be determined at runtime). Should I be searching for an implementation of a Copyable smart pointer (the data are small, so I don't need Copy on Write pointers), or do I delegate the copy operation to the copy constructors of my objects as shown in this answer? Which smart pointer do I choose for simple RAII of a class that is copyable and assignable? (I'm thinking that the unique_ptr with delegated copy/assignment operations to the class copy constructor and assignment operator would make a proper choice, but I am not sure) Here's a pseudocode for the problem using raw pointers, it's just a problem description, not a running C++ code: // Operation interface class ModelOperation { public: virtual void operate = (); }; // Implementation of an operation called Special class SpecialModelOperation : public ModelOperation { private: // Private attributes are present here in a real implementation. public: // Implement operation void operate () {}; }; // All operations conform to ModelOperation interface // These are possible operation names: // class MoreSpecialOperation; // class DifferentOperation; // Concrete model with different operations class MyModel { private: ModelOperation* firstOperation_; ModelOperation* secondOperation_; public: MyModel() : firstOperation_(0), secondOperation_(0) { // Forgetting about run-time type definition from input files here. firstOperation_ = new MoreSpecialOperation(); secondOperation_ = new DifferentOperation(); } void operate() { firstOperation_->operate(); secondOperation_->operate(); } ~MyModel() { delete firstOperation_; firstOperation_ = 0; delete secondOperation_; secondOperation_ = 0; } }; int main() { MyModel modelOne; // Some internal scope { // I want modelTwo to have its own set of copied, not referenced // operations, and at the same time I need RAII to work for it, // as soon as it goes out of scope. MyModel modelTwo (modelOne); } return 0; }

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  • Rounding a positive number to a power of another number

    - by Sagekilla
    I'm trying to round a number to the next smallest power of another number. The number I'm trying to round is always positive. I'm not particular on which direction it rounds, but I prefer downwards if possible. I would like to be able to round towards arbitrary bases, but the ones I'm most concerned with at the moment is base 2 and fractional powers of 2 like 2^(1/2), 2^(1/4), and so forth. Here's my current algorithm for base 2. The log2 I multiply by is actually the inverse of log2: double roundBaseTwo(double x) { return 1.0 / (1 << (int)((log(x) * log2)) } Any help would be appreciated!

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  • What's wrong with this addProximity code?

    - by Pentium10
    I have this code: private void setupProximity() { Intent intent = new Intent(this, viewContacts.class); PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, intent, 0); LocationUtils.addProximity(this, -37.40, 144.55, 1000, 1000000, sender); } public static void addProximity(Context ctx,double lat, double lon, float rad,long exp, PendingIntent pintent) { LocationManager lm = (LocationManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); lm.addProximityAlert(lat, lon, rad, exp, pintent); } Why I don't get the class to fire up? I am in the range of the zone.

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  • MinMax Heap implementation without an array

    - by user576531
    Hi. I found lots of MinMax Heap implementations, that were storing data in an array. It is realy easy to implement, that is way I am looking for something different. I want to create a MinMax Heap using only elements of the Heap with pointers to left child and right child (and afcourse a key to compare). So the Heap have only pointer to the root object (min level), and a root object have a pointer to his children (max level) and so on. I know how to insert a new object (finding a proper path by using binary represenation of int depending on Heap size), but I don't know how to implement the rest (push up (down) the element, find parent or grandparent). Thx for help

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  • C++ integer floor function

    - by Thomas
    I want to implement greatest integer function. int x = 5/3; My question is with greater numbers could there be a loss of precision as 5/3 would produce a double? EDIT: Greatest integer function is integer less than or equal to X. Example: 4.5 = 4 4 = 4 3.2 = 3 3 = 3 What I want to know is 5/3 going to produce a double? Because if so I will have loss of precision when converting to int. Hope this makes sense. RE-EDIT: What OP calls 'greatest integer' most of us call 'floor'.

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  • Inheritance - initialization problem

    - by dumbquestion
    I have a c++ class derived from a base class in a framework. The derived class doesn't have any data members because I need it to be freely convertible into a base class and back - the framework is responsible for loading and saving the objects and I can't change it. My derived class just has functions for accessing the data. But there are a couple of places where I need to store some temporary local variables to speed up access to data in the base class. mydata* MyClass::getData() { if ( !m_mydata ) { // set to NULL in the constructor m_mydata = some_long_and complex_operation_to_get_the_data_in_the_base() } return m_mydata; } The problem is if I just access the object by casting the base class pointer returned from the framework to MyClass* the ctor for MyClass is never called and m_mydata is junk. Is there a way of only initializing the m_mydata pointer once?

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