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• Shortest Common Superstring: find shortest string that contains all given string fragments

  - by occulus

  Given some string fragments, I would like to find the shortest possible single string ("output string") that contains all the fragments. Fragments can overlap each other in the output string. Example: For the string fragments: BCDA AGF ABC The following output string contains all fragments, and was made by naive appending: BCDAAGFABC However this output string is better (shorter), as it employs overlaps: ABCDAGF ^ ABC ^ BCDA ^ AGF I'm looking for algorithms for this problem. It's not absolutely important to find the strictly shortest output string, but the shorter the better. I'm looking for an algorithm better than the obvious naive one that would try appending all permutations of the input fragments and removing overlaps (which would appear to be NP-Complete). I've started work on a solution and it's proving quite interesting; I'd like to see what other people might come up with. I'll add my work-in-progress to this question in a while.

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• How to use short breaks at work effectively for self-development?

  - by Alaudo

  At the moment my daily work as a developer requires me to have short 10-20 min breaks after every 2-3 hours. It would be nice if I could use those effectively to improve my expertise in programming or CS in general. I tried several things: Reading jokes online gets boring very soon. Trying to solve some (even the most simple) tasks from different code contests requires more time, as long as I have some idea of an algorithm the time is over. Reading a randomly picked Wikipedia-article about Computer Science: depending upon the article sometimes it requires more time and is not an easy reading for a break. So, I ended up reading StackOverflow questions and answers with most votes: that is entertaining and educative. Do you have any other suggestions?

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• PHP API to trade products from eshop through REST/xml

  - by Donatas Veikutis

  I need algorithm, or PHP api example, or existing decision how to make system for trade big information for B2B xml with goods information. Now I try to use Slim framework to do that system. But for me need some documentation what architecture have to be in here. System requiments is simple: User have autentification username and password Then he can see which product groups assigned to it Then he can see all product with information (price, title, description, images, specifications etc.). Its will the easiest way to get a free php api for that I think, and try too edit some code. But I did not found anything.

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• designing classes with similar goal but widely different decisional core

  - by Stefano Borini

  I am puzzled on how to model this situation. Suppose you have an algorithm operating in a loop. At every loop, a procedure P must take place, whose role is to modify an input data I into an output data O, such that O = P(I). In reality, there are different flavors of P, say P1, P2, P3 and so on. The choice of which P to run is user dependent, but all P have the same finality, produce O from I. This called well for a base class PBase with a method PBase::apply, with specific reimplementations of P1::apply(I), P2::apply(I), and P3::apply(I). The actual P class gets instantiated in a factory method, and the loop stays simple. Now, I have a case of P4 which follows the same principle, but this time needs additional data from the loop (such as the current iteration, and the average value of O during the previous iterations). How would you redesign for this case?

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• How to make "Chameleonic Ambiance Script" select a lighter hue for dark wallpapers?

  - by Nirmik

  I just started using an amazing script that makes the default "Ambiance" theme use that selected color. More details can be found Here I find this really amazing. But with my wallpaper being as shown below, the selection color, progress-bars color as after running the script are too dark (that can be seen in the following screenshot). I've learnt that what is done is the average color from the wallpaper is selected and then its tint is used (which is always a darker tint). So can I make this algorithm or whatever select a lighter tint of the average color?? Or can it be made to select the lightest color instead of the average color from the wallpaper??

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• Why does a computer science degree matter to a professional programmer?

  - by P.Brian.Mackey

  I have a degree in computer science. It has been great for opening doors, getting a job. As far as helping me in the professional field of C# .NET programming (the most popular platform and language in the area I work if not the entire united states on hands down the most popular OS in the world) its hardly useful. Why do you think it helps you as a programmer in your professional career (outside spouting off to prims algorithm to impress some interviewer)? In today's world adaptation, a quick mind, strong communication, OO and fundamental design skills enable a developer to write software that a customer will accept. These skills are only skimmed over in the cs program. In my mind, reading a 500 page C# book by Wrox offers far more useable a skillset than 4 years of the comp sci math blaster courses. Many disagree. So, why does a computer science degree matter?

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• The how of a collision engine

  - by JXPheonix

  This is a very, very broad question - what is the general algorithm of how a collision engine works? No code in specific, but rather, just a general idea of how a collision engine does what it does, constantly refreshing the points of an object and comparing it to other objects? (see, I have the general gist of it here.) A collision engine is basically an engine used in games (generally) so that your player (call him Bob), whenever bob moves into a wall, Bob stops, Bob does not walk through the wall. They also generally handle the gravity in a game and environmental things like that.

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• Oracle BI Publisher integration Guidelines published

  - by Anthony Shorten

  The Oracle Utilities Application Framework integrates with Oracle BI Publisher 10g/11g to allow reports to be submitted and viewed within the Oracle Utilities Application Framework based product. The integration is achieved using base provided algorithms that perform the integration from within the Oracle Utilities Application Framework based product. A new whitepaper has been released that outlines how to configure the algorithm for integration and also some guidelines on how to define a new report to the product for submission and viewing. The whitepaper is available from My Oracle Support at KB Id 1299732.1 titled “BI Publisher Guidelines for Oracle Utilities Application Framework”.

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• how to transform child elements position into a world position

  - by MrGreg

  So Im making a 2d space game and I have a bunch of spaceships that have turrets. Objects have a position and orientation, the ships being in world coordinates while the turrets are children and coordinates are relative to their parents. How do I efficiently calculate the position of a turret in world coordinates (i.e. when it fires and I need to know where to place a bullet in the world)? Calculating the turrets orientation is trivial - I just add the turrets relative angle to its parents. For position though, I guess I could do a bunch of trigonometry but this MUST be a common problem with a good/fast general solution? Should I be relearning how to do matrix math again? :) btw - Im creating the game in javascript+canvas but its the math/algorithm im interested in here Cheers, Greg

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• Self-documenting code vs Javadocs?

  - by Andiaz

  Recently I've been working on refactoring parts of the code base I'm currently dealing with - not only to understand it better myself, but also to make it easier for others who are working on the code. I tend to lean on the side of thinking that self-documenting code is nice. I just think it's cleaner and if the code speaks for itself, well... That's great. On the other hand we have documentation such as javadocs. I like this as well, but there's a certain risk that comments here gets outdated (as well as comments in general of course). However, if they are up-to-date they can be extremely useful of say, understanding a complex algorithm. What are the best practices for this? Where do you draw the line between self-documenting code and javadocs?

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• Assignment of roles in communication when sides could try to cheat

  - by 9000

  Assume two nodes in a peer-to-peer network initiating a communication. In this communication, one node has to serve as a "sender", another as a "receiver" (role names are arbitrary here). I'd like the nodes to assert either role with approximately equal probability. That is, in N communications with various other nodes a given node would assume the "sender" role roughly N/2 times. Since there's no third-party arbiter available, nodes should agree on their roles by exchanging messages. The catch is that we can encounter a rogue node which would try to become the "receiver" in most or all cases, and coax the other side to always serve as a "sender". I'm looking for an algorithm to assign roles to sides of communication so that no side could get a predetermined role with high probability. It's OK for the side which is trying to cheat to fail to communicate.

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• Humor in Documentation

  - by Lex Fridman

  Is a small amount of lighthearted wording or humor acceptable in source code documentation? For example, I have an algorithm that has a message hop around a graph (network) until its path forms a cycle. When this happens it is removed from the queue of the node it last resided on which removes it from memory. I write that in a comment, and finish the comment with "Rest in peace, little guy". That serves very little documenting purpose, but it cheers me up a bit, and I imagine it might cheer up other people I'm working with as they read through the code. Is this an acceptable practice, or should my in-code documentation resemble as much as possible the speeches of 2004 presidential candidate John Kerry? ;-)

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• Tile-wide extent tracing on a grid.

  - by Larolaro

  I'm currently working on A* pathfinding on a grid and I'm looking to smooth the generated path, while also considering the extent of the character moving along it. I'm using a grid for the pathfinding, however character movement is free roaming, not strict tile to tile movement. To achieve a smoother, more efficient path, I'm doing line traces on a grid to determine if there is unwalkable tiles between tiles to shave off unecessary corners. However, because a line trace is zero extent, it doesn't consider the extent of the character and gives bad results (not returning unwalkable tiles just missed by the line, causing unwanted collisions). So what I'm looking for is rather than a line algorithm that determines the tiles under it, I'm looking for one that determines the tiles under a tile-wide extent line. Here is an image to help visualise my problem! Does anyone have any ideas? I've been working with Bresenham's line and other alternatives but I haven't yet figured out how to nail this specific problem.

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• How to find siblings of a tree?

  - by smallB

  On my interview for an internship, I was asked following question: On a whiteboard write the simplest algorithm with use of recursion which would take a root of a so called binary tree (so called because it is not strictly speaking binary tree) and make every child in this tree connected with its sibling. So if I have: 1 / \ 2 3 / \ \ 4 5 6 / \ 7 8 then the sibling to 2 would be 3, to four five, to five six and to seven eight. I didn't do this, although I was heading in the right direction. Later (next day) at home I did it, but with the use of a debugger. It took me better part of two hours and 50 lines of code. I personally think that this was very difficult question, almost impossible to do correctly on a whiteboard. How would you solve it on a whiteboard? How to apprehend this question without using a debugger?

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• Calculating vertex normals on the GPU

  - by Etan

  I have some height-map sampled on a regular grid stored in an array. Now, I want to use the normals on the sampled vertices for some smoothing algorithm. The way I'm currently doing it is as follows: For each vertex, generate triangles to all it's neighbours. This results in eight neighbours when using the 1-neighbourhood for all vertices except at the borders. +---+---+ ¦ \ ¦ / ¦ +---o---+ ¦ / ¦ \ ¦ +---+---+ For each adjacent triangle, calculate it's normal by taking the cross product between the two distances. As the triangles all have the same size when projected on the xy-plane, I simply average over all eight normals then and store it for this vertex. However, as my data grows larger, this approach takes too much time and I would prefer doing it on the GPU in a shader code. Is there an easy method, maybe if I could store my height-map as a texture?

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• Steps to create a solution for a problem

  - by Mr_Green

  I am a trainee. According to my teacher, he says that to solve a problem we should go with steps to solve it like Create Algorithm (optional) Create a Datatable: By analyzing the problem, create main concepts in those problem as columns and the related issues in the main concept as rows. Create a Flowchart based on the Datatable. (when creating flow chart, think that you are in that situation and design it in your brain) By seeing the Flowchart, solve the problem. These steps should always consider by a programmer if he/she wants to become a Software designer (not programmer). Because the above approach gives an efficient way of finding solution to a problem even the problem is small. According to him, this way of approach also works in real time scenario's. My question is: Is this really an efficient way? please share also your thoughts. Keeping beside my question I just want to share some thoughts of my teacher with you who is a good mentor for me.

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• Where to find algorithms work?

  - by Misha

  The funnest parts of my projects have been the back-end algorithms work. I have worked on projects where I implemented Gaussian Mixture models, a Remez algorithm and a few Monte Carlo schemes. I loved figuring out how these processes worked and tuning them when they didn't. I recently graduated and my problem lies in the work I was able to find. The only jobs I have found, with my Electrical Engineering degree, are for writing user applications. Tasks such as fashioning web interfaces or front-ends for hardware devices. When I speak with potential employers about my interests they say they have no work of the sort. Where does one find work that involves implementing these kind of schemes?

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• Subdividing a polygon into boxes of varying size

  - by Michael Trouw

  I would like to be pointed to information / resources for creating algorithms like the one illustrated on this blog, which is a subdivision of a polygon (in my case a voronoi cell) into several boxes of varying size: http://procworld.blogspot.nl/2011/07/city-lots.html In the comments a paper by among others the author of the blog can be found, however the only formula listed is about candidate location suitability: http://www.groenewegen.de/delft/thesis-final/ProceduralCityLayoutGeneration-Preprint.pdf Any language will do, but if examples can be given Javascript is preferred (as it is the language i am currently working with) A similar question is this one: What is an efficient packing algorithm for packing rectangles into a polygon?

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• How do I learn algorithms and data structures?

  - by sushil bharwani

  this is in continuation to my previous question where i asked is it necessary to learn algorithm and datastructures. I feel yes it is. Now when i work in a enviornment where i wont ever get the chance to learn it by experimenting or practically or in any assignment. What is the right approach like the right books, right kind of problems, right kind of resources that i can go through to give six months or a year or two to learn it. And also mould my mind in a way that it can relate problems to datastructures and algos.

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• How do I find the closest points(thereby forming a polygon) enclosing a particular point?(see image)

  - by nilspin

  I am working with a game engine, and my task is to add code for simulating fracture of rigid meshes. Right now I'm only working on breaking a cube. I am using Voronoi's algorithm to make a (realistic)fractured shard and I am using the half-plane method to generate a voronoi cell. Now the way I do this is for every seed point, I make planes that are perpendicular bisector planes(the straight black lines in the image) with rest of the seed points and I calculate the intersections of all these planes to give me distinct points(all the orange dots). I've gotten this far. Out of all these calculated intersection points, I only need the ones that are closest and enclosing the seed point(the points encircled in red) and I need to discard all the rest. Information that I have : 1) Plane equations of all planes(defined by normalized normal vectors and their distance from origin) 2) Points of intersection(that I've calculated) Can anybody help me find out how I can find the points encircled in red? Thanks.

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• Outline Shader Effect for Orthogonal Geometry in XNA

  - by Griffin

  I just recently started learning the art of shading, but I can't give an outline width to 2D, concave geometry when restrained to a single vertex/pixel shader technique (thanks to XNA). the shape I need to give an outline to has smooth, per-vertex coloring, as well as opacity. The outline, which has smooth, per-vertex coloring, variable width, and opacity cannot interfere with the original shape's colors. A pixel depth border detection algorithm won't work because pixel depth isn't a 3.0 semantic. expanding geometry / redrawing won't work because it interferes with the original shape's colors. I'm wondering if I can do something with the stencil/depth buffer outside of the shader functions since I have access to that through the graphics device. But I don't believe I'm able to manipulate actual values. How might I do this?

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• Which prediction model for web page recommendation?

  - by Nilesh

  I am trying to implement a web page recommendation wherein registered users will be given a recommendation of which page to visit depending upon the previous data.So with initial study I decided to go on with clustering the data with rough sets and then will move forward to find out the sequential patters with the use of prefix span algorithm.So now I want to have a better prediction model in place which can predict the access frequency of pages.I have figured out with Markov model but still some more suggestions will be valuable.Also please help me with some references of the models too.Is it possible to directly predict the next page access with the result of PrefixSpan.If so how?

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• Is it time to deprecate synchronized, wait and notify?

  - by OldCurmudgeon

  Is there a single scenario (other than compatibility with ancient JVMs) where using synchronized is preferable to using a Lock? Can anyone justify using wait or notify over the newer systems? Is there any algorithm that must use one of them in its implementation? I see a previous questions that touched on this matter but I would like to take this a little further and actually deprecate them. There are far too many traps and pitfalls and caveats with them that have been ironed out with the new facilities. I just feel it may soon be time to mark them obsolete.

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• Flowchart for solving programming problems

  - by nurne

  I noticed that every developer implements a somewhat different flowchart for solving programming problems. By flowchart I mean a defined system of techniques that the developer goes through in a certain sequence, trying to solve the problem at hand. Some examples for techniques: Google "how to..." or "... tutorial". Search the java/msdn/apple/etc API doc for the specific class or method. Search in stack overflow the exact problem with some tags like [iphone]/[java] etc. Take a nap and let the subconscious work. Debug. Draw the algorithm or system. Google the logged error message. Ask a colleague or manager. Ask a new question in stack overflow. From your experience, what is the best flowchart for solving a programming problem?

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• Tips for building an AI for a 2D racing game

  - by declique

  I have a school project to build an AI for a 2D racing game in which it will compete with several other AIs (no collision). We are given a black and white bitmap image of the racing track, we are allowed to choose basic stats for our car (handling, acceleration, max speed and brakes) after we receive the map. The AI connects to the game's server and gives to it several times a second numbers for the current acceleration and steering. The language I chose is C++, by the way. The questions are: What is the best strategy or algorithm (since I want to try and win)? I currently have in mind some ideas found on the net and one or two of my own, but I would like before I start to code that my perspective is one of the best. What good books are there on that matter? What sites should I refer to?

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